目的探讨不同剂量亚砷酸钠对人永生化角质形成细胞(human keratinocytes cell,Ha Ca T)Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白-1(Keap1)和核转录因了红细胞系-2 p45相关因子-2(Nrf2)基因表达的影响。方法将Ha Ca T细胞分别暴露于终浓度为0(对照)、1...目的探讨不同剂量亚砷酸钠对人永生化角质形成细胞(human keratinocytes cell,Ha Ca T)Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白-1(Keap1)和核转录因了红细胞系-2 p45相关因子-2(Nrf2)基因表达的影响。方法将Ha Ca T细胞分别暴露于终浓度为0(对照)、1.30、3.25、6.50μmol/L的亚砷酸钠培养基中培养24、48、72 h。采用流式细胞仪检测Ha Ca T细胞凋亡率,采用实时荧光定量(real-time quantitative PCR)检测Ha Ca T细胞中Nrf2、Keap1 m RNA的表达水平。结果与对照组相比,1.30μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒24 h后Ha Ca T细胞的凋亡率降低,而3.25、6.50μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒48、72 h后Ha Ca T细胞的凋亡率升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且随着亚砷酸钠染毒时间的延长和染毒剂量的升高,Ha Ca T细胞的凋亡率均呈上升趋势。与对照组相比,1.30μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒24、48、72 h和3.25μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒24 h后Ha Ca T细胞中Nrf2 m RNA的表达水平均增高,而3.25、6.50μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒72 h后Ha Ca T细胞中Nrf2 m RNA的表达水平均下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且随着亚砷酸钠染毒时间的延长和染毒剂量的升高,Ha Ca T细胞Nrf2 m RNA的表达水平均呈下降趋势。与对照组相比,1.30、3.25μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒72 h和3.25、6.50μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒48 h后Ha Ca T细胞中Keap1 m RNA的表达水平均增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着亚砷酸钠染毒时间的延长,1.30μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒组Ha Ca T细胞中Keap1 m RNA的表达水平呈波动性上升,3.25μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒组Ha Ca T细胞中Keap1 m RNA的表达水平呈逐渐上升趋势,6.50μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒组Ha Ca T细胞中Keap1 m RNA的表达水平呈先上升后下降;随着亚砷酸钠染毒剂量的升高,24、72 h时Ha Ca T细胞中Keap1 m RNA的表达水平呈下降趋势,而48 h时Ha Ca T细胞中Keap1 m RNA的表达水平呈上升趋势。结论亚砷酸钠可抑制Ha Ca T细胞的生长,诱导凋亡和角化的发生,其机制可能与Nrf2和Keap1基因的表达有关。展开更多
Objective:To determine the genetic diversity,natural selection and mutations in Plasmodium(P.)knowlesi drug resistant molecular markers Kelch 13 and dhps gene in clinical samples of Malaysia.Methods:P.knowlesi full-le...Objective:To determine the genetic diversity,natural selection and mutations in Plasmodium(P.)knowlesi drug resistant molecular markers Kelch 13 and dhps gene in clinical samples of Malaysia.Methods:P.knowlesi full-length gene sequences Kelch 13 gene(PkK13)from 40 samples and dhps gene from 30 samples originating from Malaysian Borneo were retrieved from public databases.Genetic diversity,natural selection,and phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences were analysed using DNAsp v5.10 and MEGA v5.2.Results:Seventy-two single nucleotide polymorphic sites(SNPs)across the full-length PkK13 gene(63 synonymous substitutions and 9 non-synonymous substitutions)with nucleotide diversity ofπ~0.005 was observed.Analysis of the full-length Pkdhps gene revealed 73 SNPs andπ~0.006(44 synonymous substitutions and 29 non-synonymous substitutions).A high number of haplotypes(PkK13;H=37 and Pkdhps;H=29)with haplotype diversity of Hd~0.99 were found in both genes,indicating population expansion.Nine mutant alleles were identified in PkK13 amino acid alignment of which,7(Asp3Glu,Lys50Gln,Lys53Glu,Ser123Thr,Ser127Pro,Ser149Thr and Ala169Thr)were within the Plasmodium specific domain,2(Val372Ile and Lys424Asn)were in the BTB/POZ domain and no mutation was observed within the kelch propeller domain.The 29 non-synonymous mutations in the Pkdhps gene were novel and only presented in exon 1 and 2.Conclusions:Monitoring the mutations from clinical samples collected from all states of Malaysia along with clinical efficacy studies will be necessary to determine the drug resistance in P.knowlesi.展开更多
The ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathway plays diverse roles in eukaryotes. Previous studies indicate that both F-box and Kelch motifs are common in a variety of organisms. F-box proteins are subunits of E3...The ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathway plays diverse roles in eukaryotes. Previous studies indicate that both F-box and Kelch motifs are common in a variety of organisms. F-box proteins are subunits of E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes called SCFs （SKP1, Cullinl, F-box protein, and Rbxl）; they have an N-terminal F-box motif that binds to SKP1 （S-phase kinase associated protein）, and often have C-terminal protein-protein interaction domains, which specify the protein substrates for degradation via the ubiquitin pathway. One of the most frequently found protein interaction domains in F-box proteins is the Kelch repeat domain. Although both the F-box and Kelch repeats are ancient motifs, Kelch repeats-containing F-box proteins （KFB） have only been reported for human and Arabidopsis previously. The recent sequencing of the rice genome and other plant genomes provides an opportunity to examine the possible evolution history of KFB. We carried out extensive BLAST searches to identify putative KFBs in selected organisms, and analyzed their relationships phylogenetically. We also carried out the analysis of both gene duplication and gene expression of the KFBs in rice and Arabidopsis. Our study indicates that the origin of KFBs occurs before the divergence of animals and plants, and plant KFBs underwent rapid gene duplications.展开更多
文摘目的探讨不同剂量亚砷酸钠对人永生化角质形成细胞(human keratinocytes cell,Ha Ca T)Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白-1(Keap1)和核转录因了红细胞系-2 p45相关因子-2(Nrf2)基因表达的影响。方法将Ha Ca T细胞分别暴露于终浓度为0(对照)、1.30、3.25、6.50μmol/L的亚砷酸钠培养基中培养24、48、72 h。采用流式细胞仪检测Ha Ca T细胞凋亡率,采用实时荧光定量(real-time quantitative PCR)检测Ha Ca T细胞中Nrf2、Keap1 m RNA的表达水平。结果与对照组相比,1.30μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒24 h后Ha Ca T细胞的凋亡率降低,而3.25、6.50μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒48、72 h后Ha Ca T细胞的凋亡率升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且随着亚砷酸钠染毒时间的延长和染毒剂量的升高,Ha Ca T细胞的凋亡率均呈上升趋势。与对照组相比,1.30μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒24、48、72 h和3.25μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒24 h后Ha Ca T细胞中Nrf2 m RNA的表达水平均增高,而3.25、6.50μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒72 h后Ha Ca T细胞中Nrf2 m RNA的表达水平均下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且随着亚砷酸钠染毒时间的延长和染毒剂量的升高,Ha Ca T细胞Nrf2 m RNA的表达水平均呈下降趋势。与对照组相比,1.30、3.25μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒72 h和3.25、6.50μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒48 h后Ha Ca T细胞中Keap1 m RNA的表达水平均增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着亚砷酸钠染毒时间的延长,1.30μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒组Ha Ca T细胞中Keap1 m RNA的表达水平呈波动性上升,3.25μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒组Ha Ca T细胞中Keap1 m RNA的表达水平呈逐渐上升趋势,6.50μmol/L亚砷酸钠染毒组Ha Ca T细胞中Keap1 m RNA的表达水平呈先上升后下降;随着亚砷酸钠染毒剂量的升高,24、72 h时Ha Ca T细胞中Keap1 m RNA的表达水平呈下降趋势,而48 h时Ha Ca T细胞中Keap1 m RNA的表达水平呈上升趋势。结论亚砷酸钠可抑制Ha Ca T细胞的生长,诱导凋亡和角化的发生,其机制可能与Nrf2和Keap1基因的表达有关。
基金supported by the institutional funding committee of Najran University,Najran,Saudi Arabia(Project code:NU/IFC/ENT/01/007).
文摘Objective:To determine the genetic diversity,natural selection and mutations in Plasmodium(P.)knowlesi drug resistant molecular markers Kelch 13 and dhps gene in clinical samples of Malaysia.Methods:P.knowlesi full-length gene sequences Kelch 13 gene(PkK13)from 40 samples and dhps gene from 30 samples originating from Malaysian Borneo were retrieved from public databases.Genetic diversity,natural selection,and phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences were analysed using DNAsp v5.10 and MEGA v5.2.Results:Seventy-two single nucleotide polymorphic sites(SNPs)across the full-length PkK13 gene(63 synonymous substitutions and 9 non-synonymous substitutions)with nucleotide diversity ofπ~0.005 was observed.Analysis of the full-length Pkdhps gene revealed 73 SNPs andπ~0.006(44 synonymous substitutions and 29 non-synonymous substitutions).A high number of haplotypes(PkK13;H=37 and Pkdhps;H=29)with haplotype diversity of Hd~0.99 were found in both genes,indicating population expansion.Nine mutant alleles were identified in PkK13 amino acid alignment of which,7(Asp3Glu,Lys50Gln,Lys53Glu,Ser123Thr,Ser127Pro,Ser149Thr and Ala169Thr)were within the Plasmodium specific domain,2(Val372Ile and Lys424Asn)were in the BTB/POZ domain and no mutation was observed within the kelch propeller domain.The 29 non-synonymous mutations in the Pkdhps gene were novel and only presented in exon 1 and 2.Conclusions:Monitoring the mutations from clinical samples collected from all states of Malaysia along with clinical efficacy studies will be necessary to determine the drug resistance in P.knowlesi.
基金Supported by the Grant from US Department of Energy （DE-FG02- 02E R 15332）. Publication of this paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30624808）.Acknowledgements We thank Ralph Quatrano for sharing unpublished information on Physcomitrella patens genomic sequences, Hongzhi Kong for helpful discussion, and Guanfang Wang for comments on the manuscript.
文摘The ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation pathway plays diverse roles in eukaryotes. Previous studies indicate that both F-box and Kelch motifs are common in a variety of organisms. F-box proteins are subunits of E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes called SCFs （SKP1, Cullinl, F-box protein, and Rbxl）; they have an N-terminal F-box motif that binds to SKP1 （S-phase kinase associated protein）, and often have C-terminal protein-protein interaction domains, which specify the protein substrates for degradation via the ubiquitin pathway. One of the most frequently found protein interaction domains in F-box proteins is the Kelch repeat domain. Although both the F-box and Kelch repeats are ancient motifs, Kelch repeats-containing F-box proteins （KFB） have only been reported for human and Arabidopsis previously. The recent sequencing of the rice genome and other plant genomes provides an opportunity to examine the possible evolution history of KFB. We carried out extensive BLAST searches to identify putative KFBs in selected organisms, and analyzed their relationships phylogenetically. We also carried out the analysis of both gene duplication and gene expression of the KFBs in rice and Arabidopsis. Our study indicates that the origin of KFBs occurs before the divergence of animals and plants, and plant KFBs underwent rapid gene duplications.
