Four species of the genus Karstsinnectes,which live in dark,low-energy groundwater ecosystems,are currently recorded,mainly distributed in the upstream of the Pearl River,the Youjiang River and the Hongshui River.Comp...Four species of the genus Karstsinnectes,which live in dark,low-energy groundwater ecosystems,are currently recorded,mainly distributed in the upstream of the Pearl River,the Youjiang River and the Hongshui River.Completing biodiversity surveys is particularly difficult due to the particular cave habitats inhabited by these species.In this work,we describe a new cave fish of the genus Karstsinnectes,namely K.cehengensis Luo,Zhao&Zhou,sp.nov.,collected from the Beipanjiang River,the upstream of the Hongshui River.Genetically,the four individuals of the new species form a phylogenetically separate lineage,as the sister clade of K.acridorsalis,with a 9.4–9.5%genetic difference in mitochondrial Cyt b.Morphologically,the new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characteristics:body naked,without body color;eyes reduced,diameter 1.4–3.8%of head length;anterior and posterior nostrils adjacent,anterior nostril not elongated to a barbel-like tip;lateral line incomplete;caudal fin forked;dorsal-fin rays iii-7,pectoral-fin rays i-11–12,pelvic-fin rays i-7,anal-fin rays iii-5,with 14 branched caudal-fin rays.The discovery of this new species represents the northernmost distribution of species within the genus Karstsinnectes and the first record from Guizhou Province.All currently known species of this genus inhabited in caves,making them ideal organisms for studying historical river connectivity and cave formation process.展开更多
Understanding genome-wide diversity,inbreeding,and the burden of accumulated deleterious mutations in small and isolated populations is essential for predicting and enhancing population persistence and resilience.Howe...Understanding genome-wide diversity,inbreeding,and the burden of accumulated deleterious mutations in small and isolated populations is essential for predicting and enhancing population persistence and resilience.However,these effects are rarely studied in limestone karst plants.Here,we re-sequenced the nuclear genomes of 62 individuals of the Begonia masoniana complex(B.liuyanii,B.longgangensis,B.masoniana and B.variegata)and investigated genomic divergence and genetic load for these four species.Our analyses revealed four distinct clusters corresponding to each species within the complex.Notably,there was only limited admixture between B.liuyanii and B.longgangensis occurring in overlapping geographic regions.All species experienced historical bottlenecks during the Pleistocene,which were likely caused by glacial climate fluctuations.We detected an asymmetric historical gene flow between group pairs within this timeframe,highlighting a distinctive pattern of interspecific divergence attributable to karst geographic isolation.We found that isolated populations of B.masoniana have limited gene flow,the smallest recent population size,the highest inbreeding coefficients,and the greatest accumulation of recessive deleterious mutations.These findings underscore the urgency to prioritize conservation efforts for these isolated population.This study is among the first to disentangle the genetic differentiation and specific demographic history of karst Begonia plants at the whole-genome level,shedding light on the potential risks associated with the accumulation of deleterious mutations over generations of inbreeding.Moreover,our findings may facilitate conservation planning by providing critical baseline genetic data and a better understanding of the historical events that have shaped current population structure of rare and endangered karst plants.展开更多
Objective Complex geological factors have been constraining the oil and gas exploration in the Paleozoic strata of the Qaidam Basin,although there are high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks.One of the most important re...Objective Complex geological factors have been constraining the oil and gas exploration in the Paleozoic strata of the Qaidam Basin,although there are high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks.One of the most important reasons may be reservoir densification due to the multiple stages of destructive cementation,which has hindered our understanding of the Paleozoic petroleum enrichment rules in the Qaidam basin.In recent years.展开更多
In the Qaidam basin,Northwest China,karstic fissures and caves are developed in many places of the Lower Carboniferous Chengqianggou Fm.and Huaitoutala Fm.and the Upper Carboniferous Keluke Fm.,in which are found typi...In the Qaidam basin,Northwest China,karstic fissures and caves are developed in many places of the Lower Carboniferous Chengqianggou Fm.and Huaitoutala Fm.and the Upper Carboniferous Keluke Fm.,in which are found typical karstic marks.Several suites of transgressive carbonate rocks formed during the Late Paleozoic epoch are preserved as reservoir properties in the Qaidam basin,with paleokarst-related cave-fractured diagenetic structures,which provided the basis for cavefractured development.Carbonate and clastic samples covering or infilling caves and fractures in Carboniferous strata were collected in the eastern Qaidam basin to focus on petrological and geochemical analyses of karst and infilling materials.Based on this study of the Caledonian diagenetic sequence,and bitumen-infilled inclusion temperature and burial history,there existed a continuous atmospheric freshwater leaching process,which played a critical role in the construction of the Carboniferous supergene paleokarsts.Investigation and survey of the tectonic setting,plate paleolatitude and river development intensity also proves that there was abundant rainfall during the Indosinian period,after which the strata undergo a shallow burial process.Because Indosinian period is earlier than the key timing of hydrocarbon-generation of the Carboniferous source rocks,this kind of karst reservoir has potential significance for oil-gas resources in this area.展开更多
Indulge in some ancestor worship and slurp a bowl of pungent river snail noodles in ancient Huangyao amid a magnificent landscape of karst mountains and waterways.Huangyao might not be as famous as its glitzy neighbor...Indulge in some ancestor worship and slurp a bowl of pungent river snail noodles in ancient Huangyao amid a magnificent landscape of karst mountains and waterways.Huangyao might not be as famous as its glitzy neighbor Guilin,but its ancient culture,historic clan architecture and natural surroundings provide an alternative for a trip to Guangxi.Zhuang Autonomous Region.展开更多
Terrestrial ecosystems heavily depend on vegetation,which responds to carbon dioxide(CO_(2))fertilization in hot and humid regions.The subtropical humid karst region is a hot and humid region;whether and to what exten...Terrestrial ecosystems heavily depend on vegetation,which responds to carbon dioxide(CO_(2))fertilization in hot and humid regions.The subtropical humid karst region is a hot and humid region;whether and to what extent CO_(2)fertilization affects vegetation changes in such regions remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the degree to which CO_(2)fertilization influences vegetation changes,along with their spatial and temporal differences,in the subtropical humid karst region using time-lag effect analysis,a random forest model,and multiple regression analysis.Results showed that CO_(2)fertilization plays an important role in vegetation changes,exhibiting clear spatial variations across different geomorphological zones,with its degree of influence ranging mainly between 11%and 25%.The highest contribution of CO_(2)fertilization was observed in the karst basin and non-karstic region,whereas the lowest contribution was found in the karst plateau region.Previous studies have primarily attributed vegetation changes in subtropical humid karst region to ecological engineering,leading to an overestimation of its contribution to these changes.The findings of this study enhance the understanding of the mechanism of vegetation changes in humid karst region and provide theoretical and practical insights for ecological and environmental protection in these regions.展开更多
The mountainous rural regions of China are undergoing enormous changes in space and time.To a certain extent,this change has increased the difficulties in our understanding of rural development in mountainous areas an...The mountainous rural regions of China are undergoing enormous changes in space and time.To a certain extent,this change has increased the difficulties in our understanding of rural development in mountainous areas and brought challenges to development policies and revitalization strategies in mountainous rural regions,especially in karst mountainous areas.In light of the difficulty in and as the key to the development of China's mountainous rural areas,the scientific and systematic construction of indicators for evaluating the level of rural revitalization development and clarifying the level of rural revitalization development and influential factors in karst mountainous areas are of great significance to the implementation of the development of the strategy for the revitalization of the rural areas in karst mountainous areas in China.This study constructed an evaluation index system of the rural regional system and rural revitalization development(RTSRD)from the perspective of rural regional system theory,assessed the spatial differentiation patterns and influential factors of RTSRD,and refined a typical territorial model of rural revitalization development in karst mountainous areas by taking Guizhou Province,a typical karst mountainous region,as a case study area.The evaluation and spatial analyses show that the RTSRD indices of karst mountainous areas in the system perspective show a linear growth trend in all single dimensions,with industrial revitalization(IR)showing the most significant increase each year.In time,the RTSRD of karst mountainous regions has developed from low to high,with evident improvement;spatially,the RTSRD shows the characteristics of‘high in the middle and low in the surroundings,and low in the plateau and low in the depression,'with apparent spatial heterogeneity.In addition,this study found that the spatial and temporal differences in RTSRD result from a combination of endogenous push and exogenous pull in the rural system.In particular,this study has refined a typical regional model of rural revitalization development in karst mountainous regions,which provides theoretical support and case practice for rural development in other karst mountainous regions.At the same time,it provides a basis for decision-making for the county level government and rural development planning.展开更多
Karst fractures serve as crucial seepage channels and storage spaces for carbonate natural gas reservoirs,and electrical image logs are vital data for visualizing and characterizing such fractures.However,the conventi...Karst fractures serve as crucial seepage channels and storage spaces for carbonate natural gas reservoirs,and electrical image logs are vital data for visualizing and characterizing such fractures.However,the conventional approach of identifying fractures using electrical image logs predominantly relies on manual processes that are not only time-consuming but also highly subjective.In addition,the heterogeneity and strong dissolution tendency of karst carbonate reservoirs lead to complexity and variety in fracture geometry,which makes it difficult to accurately identify fractures.In this paper,the electrical image logs network(EILnet)da deep-learning-based intelligent semantic segmentation model with a selective attention mechanism and selective feature fusion moduledwas created to enable the intelligent identification and segmentation of different types of fractures through electrical logging images.Data from electrical image logs representing structural and induced fractures were first selected using the sliding window technique before image inpainting and data augmentation were implemented for these images to improve the generalizability of the model.Various image-processing tools,including the bilateral filter,Laplace operator,and Gaussian low-pass filter,were also applied to the electrical logging images to generate a multi-attribute dataset to help the model learn the semantic features of the fractures.The results demonstrated that the EILnet model outperforms mainstream deep-learning semantic segmentation models,such as Fully Convolutional Networks(FCN-8s),U-Net,and SegNet,for both the single-channel dataset and the multi-attribute dataset.The EILnet provided significant advantages for the single-channel dataset,and its mean intersection over union(MIoU)and pixel accuracy(PA)were 81.32%and 89.37%,respectively.In the case of the multi-attribute dataset,the identification capability of all models improved to varying degrees,with the EILnet achieving the highest MIoU and PA of 83.43%and 91.11%,respectively.Further,applying the EILnet model to various blind wells demonstrated its ability to provide reliable fracture identification,thereby indicating its promising potential applications.展开更多
This article examines the development of geomorpho-logical and hydrological research on karst landscapes in Central and Southeast Europe in the period before 1914.It provides novel insights into the introduction of th...This article examines the development of geomorpho-logical and hydrological research on karst landscapes in Central and Southeast Europe in the period before 1914.It provides novel insights into the introduction of the term“karst,”originally the name of a cavernous limestone plateau east of the Adriatic city of Trieste,as a universal model for comparing and understanding dissolutional features in soluble rocks.Based on a critical reappraisal of the sem-inal work“The Karst Phenomenon”(1893)by the Serbian geoscientist Jovan Cvijić(1865-1928),submitted as a Ph.D.thesis at the University of Vienna,my essay argues for a reassessment of the beginnings of karst sciences.It gives more attention to research as a cooperative enterprise and to the interplay between the internationalization of geosci-entific knowledge and the emerging national claims to the Balkan Peninsula and its inhabitants.Approaching the topic from a history of science perspective,I will analyze the epistemic,political,and social dimensions of early karst research at three different stages,namely,its emergence as an imperial undertaking in the Habsburg Monarchy,its synthesis and systematization through Cvijić’s“Karst Phenomenon,”and the final establishment of the Dinarides’northwestern part as the“Classical”Karst.展开更多
The article deals with forest communities that develop on small surfaces on steep gradients of the geomorphologically diverse landscape of the Kras plateau.They appear in small depressions called dolines,where a steep...The article deals with forest communities that develop on small surfaces on steep gradients of the geomorphologically diverse landscape of the Kras plateau.They appear in small depressions called dolines,where a steep gradient of ecological conditions appears over a small spatial scale.We tried to detect the turnover of forest communities on this small scale and steep gradient with small plots(microplots)of 4 m^(2)arranged in a continuous transect.We sampled only the ground layer and estimated the cover of each vascular plant species.The main problem was that we could not sample vegetation plots in standard sizes,which would allow a standard classification procedure.We built an expert system based on all of the relevant standard vegetation plots from the region and applied this system on a microplot matrix.We classified one third of microplots in this way,but the remainder were classified by semi-supervised k-means clustering.We thus established 8 communities that appear in dolines and compared their characteristics and ecological conditions by Ellenberg indicator values.Our results show that oak-hornbeam forests can be found in the bottom of dolines.Towards the bottom of deeper dolines,mesophilous ravine forests dominated by sycamore on rocky places,and sessile oak forests on deeper soils appear.On lower slopes,thermophilous ravine forests dominated by limes appear on rocky places.Upper slopes are dominated by Turkey oak,hophornbeam-pubescent oak forests and shrub formations.Turkey oak forests can be found on rather deeper soils than hophornbeam-pubescent oak forests.At the top,hophornbeam-pubescent oak forests can be found that build the zonal vegetation of the region.On rock walls vegetation of rock crevices can be found.The high biodiversity of the region supports the idea that diverse karstic features might have the potential for formation of refugia in future foreseen climate change,related to the potential of karstic relief to create diverse climatic conditions.展开更多
Karst phenomena occurring on land surface create sinkholes,ground fissures and other hazardous events.Dissolution of gypsum of Upper Devonian formations in North Lithuania,that occur under thin Quaternary cover result...Karst phenomena occurring on land surface create sinkholes,ground fissures and other hazardous events.Dissolution of gypsum of Upper Devonian formations in North Lithuania,that occur under thin Quaternary cover results with rapid occurrence of hazardous sinkholes.Monitoring of karst phenomena in Lithuania includes measurements of volumes of karst sinkholes(cubic meters)and amount of dissolved underground gypsum–named chemical gypsum denudation measured by amount cubic meters of gypsum dissolved from 1 square kilometer of karst terrain during one year.展开更多
In Southwestern China,the development of karst landforms and planation surfaces is closely related to local tectonics,fluvial incision,and base level changes,and climate changes.However,researches on when these karst ...In Southwestern China,the development of karst landforms and planation surfaces is closely related to local tectonics,fluvial incision,and base level changes,and climate changes.However,researches on when these karst landforms and planation surfaces formed and how they evolved along drainage development are scarce.Fortunately,horizontal caves with numerous fluvial deposits in high karst mountains can be served as time markers in landform evolution.Here we select large horizontal caves to perform studies of geomorphology,sedimentology,and geochronology.Fieldwork revealed that more than 25 km long horizontal cave passages are perched 1500 m higher than the local base level,but filled with several phases of fluvial sediments and breakdown slabs.The first phase of fluvial gravels and related cave drainage was dated back to 6.4 Ma using cosmogenic nuclide burial dating,and the stalagmite covering the cave collapse was dated by the U-Pb method to be older than 1.56 Ma.These results show that the continuous horizontal cave drainage system and the planation surface were developed before the Late Miocene.The lowering process of the base level as a result of the sharp fluvial incision and water level lowering,along with the regional uplift,led to the abandonment of the horizontal cave and the elevated planation surface at the Late Miocene.After that,the phase of cave collapse,thick fluvial sand,and clay sediments in the recharge of cave areas were deposited at around 1.6 Ma and during the Middle Pleistocene,respectively.Subsequently,speleothems were widely deposited on the collapse and clay sediments during the period from 600 to 90 ka,whereas the deposition of cave fluvial sediments terminated suddenly.The tectonic could control the denudation of surface caprocks and the development of karst conduits before the Late Miocene,whereas the river incision acted as the main driver for the base level lowering and the destruction of the horizontal cave drainage at high altitudes.In addition,the rapid incision and retreat of Silurian gorges finally caused the formation of karst mesas in the Middle Pleistocene.展开更多
In the Shenzhen region,where strong karst development is widely distributed,karst caves pose significant difficulties and risks to pile foundation construction.This paper,based on the Yanba Expressway Municipalization...In the Shenzhen region,where strong karst development is widely distributed,karst caves pose significant difficulties and risks to pile foundation construction.This paper,based on the Yanba Expressway Municipalization Reconstruction Project and referencing previous engineering experiences,proposes the application of sleeve valve pipe grouting technology for pre-treatment of small-to medium-sized and bead-shaped karst caves.Specific implementation measures and construction precautions are presented.Practical results demonstrate that the pre-treated karst cave areas achieved stable soil conditions,providing favorable prerequisites for subsequent pile foundation construction.The method proves convenient and feasible in operation,substantially reducing safety and quality risks during construction.This successful practice offers valuable experience for similar projects.展开更多
Economic development,food security,and ecological preservation are important issues encountered by karst re-gions.Faced with complex natural and social dynamics,we attempted to explore how interdependence within socio...Economic development,food security,and ecological preservation are important issues encountered by karst re-gions.Faced with complex natural and social dynamics,we attempted to explore how interdependence within socio-ecological system(SES)shaped sustainability in this region.A SES framework was constructed and three scenarios were predesigned:economic priority scenario,food security scenario,and ecological protection sce-nario.The System Dynamics model was used to simulate and forecast the evolution across various scenarios within the SES from 2005 to 2035.Through the Production-Possibility Frontiers in combined scenarios,trade-offpotential was identified and quantified.The results showed that the decoupling between social and ecological subsystems can be weaken in economic priority scenario,while coupling between them can be strengthen in food security scenario and ecological protection scenario.Within the SES,combined scenario analyses further suggest that the rocky desertification rate and the urban-rural income ratio exhibit the least trade-offpotential and inten-sity in combined economic priority scenario and ecological protection scenario,and the Soil Conservation and Food Supply demonstrate the least trade-offpotential and intensity in combined economic priority scenario and food security scenario.We can conclude the ecological engineering plays a significant role in alleviating trade-offs within the SES,but the effectiveness is limited.In light of intertwined socio-ecological challenges,combining ecological engineering with adaptive adjustments is a crucial strategy to enhance SES resilience and promote sustainable development in the South China Karst.展开更多
[Objectives] To investigate the species diversity of wood-decaying fungi in karst regions of southwest China. [Methods] The karst core regions of southwest China, specifically Guizhou, Guangxi, and Yunnan, were invest...[Objectives] To investigate the species diversity of wood-decaying fungi in karst regions of southwest China. [Methods] The karst core regions of southwest China, specifically Guizhou, Guangxi, and Yunnan, were investigated for the first time to analyze the species diversity characteristics of wood-decaying fungi in this area. This analysis was conducted through a comprehensive 5-year field investigation and systematic identification process. [Results] The wood-decaying fungi exhibited a distinctive species composition and distribution pattern within karst habitats, encompassing significant groups such as Polyporaceae and Hymenochaetaceae. Furthermore, these fungi demonstrated varying functional characteristics across the two ecological types of standing tree decay and wood decay. It was observed that wood-decaying fungi had a significant impact on the material cycle within karst ecosystems by degrading lignin and cellulose. Furthermore, the distribution of species diversity was closely associated with the characteristics of karst geomorphology and the types of vegetation. [Conclusions] This study not only addresses the lack of background data regarding wood-decaying fungi resources in karst regions, but also elucidates the maintenance mechanisms of fragile ecosystems from the perspective of decomposers. It provides a scientific foundation for biodiversity conservation, the prevention and control of forest diseases, and sustainable ecological management in karst regions.展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION The forecast of abnormal geological structures(e.g.,fracture zones,faults,aquifers and karst)during tunnel drilling remains a demanding task:detecting faults and other geological features impacting the ...0 INTRODUCTION The forecast of abnormal geological structures(e.g.,fracture zones,faults,aquifers and karst)during tunnel drilling remains a demanding task:detecting faults and other geological features impacting the area ahead of the tunnel is crucial for safety and engineering considerations(Meng et al.,2024;Wu et al.,2024).展开更多
The water conductivity of karst collapsed column is affected by multiple factors such as the characteristics of its own column filling,structure and mining disturbance.As a structural water-conducting channel,fault us...The water conductivity of karst collapsed column is affected by multiple factors such as the characteristics of its own column filling,structure and mining disturbance.As a structural water-conducting channel,fault usually plays a controlling role in hydrogeological structure.During the process of mine water hazard prevention and control,it was discovered that the lithology composition,compaction and cementation degree and water physical properties of karst collapsed column fillings were all non-conducting water,but due to the influence of combined development faults,some exploration drill holes showed concentrated water outflow.Based on this,the scientific hypothesis was proposed that fault cutting leads to water conduction in karst collapsed columns.The study comprehensively used methods like chronology,exploration data analysis,and hydrochemical testing to analyze the chronological relationship between faults and karst collapsed columns,their spatial relationship,outlet point distribution and water chemical properties,and the impact of faults on the water-conductivity of karst collapsed columns,which proved the effect of fault cutting on changing water conductivity of karst collapsed column.The research showed that later fault cutting through karst collapsed columns turned the originally non-conductive karst collapsed columns into water-conductive collapsed columns at the fault plane,creating a longitudinally connected water-conducting channel.A new model of fault cutting karst collapsed column to change the original water conductivity of karst collapsed column was proposed.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of the water conductivity of the karst collapsed column.According to whether the karst collapsed column was cut by the fault,it was predicted theoretically,so as to determine the key areas of water conductivity detection and prevention and control,and has broad application prospects under the background of source control of mine water disaster.展开更多
Fixed supports(rigid structures)and flexible supports(tensioned cable systems)are two main methods used in constructing photovoltaic power plants,and their construction technology has significant differences.This comp...Fixed supports(rigid structures)and flexible supports(tensioned cable systems)are two main methods used in constructing photovoltaic power plants,and their construction technology has significant differences.This comparative study assessed their environmental impacts on near-surface characteristics during constructing photovoltaic power plants in karst mountainous regions.Our findings revealed significant but different surface disturbances between these installation approaches.While both systems caused terrain modifications through foundation works and access road construction,the fixed support completely disturbed 100%of the construction area compared to<30%disturbance from flexible supports.Compared with the original ground,fixed support caused approximately 22%increase in bedrock exposure rate,while decreased 5%for the flexible support.Additionally,only 17%of the original vegetation coverage remained for the fixed support after construction,compared to 53%for the flexible support.The lower bedrock exposure rate and higher vegetation coverage of flexible support indicated that it had less surface disturbance area than fixed support.These results suggested that in ecologically sensitive karst terrains characterized by severe rocky desertification,challenging revegetation conditions,and low land productivity,flexible support photovoltaic technology represented a significantly less disruptive technology for minimizing surface disturbance and preserving fragile mountain ecosystems.展开更多
Ecological security provides the basis of maintaining both a sustainable regional ecosystem and economic development.However,few studies have focused on how the features such as topography and geomorphology,lithologic...Ecological security provides the basis of maintaining both a sustainable regional ecosystem and economic development.However,few studies have focused on how the features such as topography and geomorphology,lithologic stratigraphic assemblages,and geohazard distribution affect the construction of ecological security patterns and the layout of optimization measures.In order to comprehensively reveal the key areas and key objects of ecological restoration in karst basins,this study takes the Beipan River Basin(BRB)as an example,constructs an ecological security pattern(ESP)based on the methods of morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA),landscape connectivity analysis and circuit theory,and lays out the optimization measures in combination with the spatial distribution characteristics of topographic and geomorphological differences and lithological stratigraphic combinations.The results show that 151 ecological sources,343 ecological corridors,121 pinch points and 178 barriers constitute the ESP of the BRB.Lithology is closely related to the spatial distribution characteristics of ecological source sites.Level 1 and 2 ecological sources(The ecological sources were categorized into level 1,level 2,and level 3 source from high to low importance.)are concentrated in the Emeishan basalt region of the upstream and the clastic and impure carbonate rock region of the downstream part of the BRB;level 3ecological sources are concentrated in the carbonate rock region of the midstream.Taking into account the outstanding ecological problems in the basin,and based on the characteristics of lithology and geohazard distribution,we propose the optimization scheme of“three axes,three zones and multiple points”for the ESP and the layout of specific measures of the BRB.The results can provide scientific references for maintaining ecological security maintenance in karst ecologically fragile areas.展开更多
The karst forest in southwestern China is characterized by thin soil layers,numerous fissures and holes,resulting in low soil water availability and poor water retention,making it challenging for plant growth and surv...The karst forest in southwestern China is characterized by thin soil layers,numerous fissures and holes,resulting in low soil water availability and poor water retention,making it challenging for plant growth and survival.While the relationship between plant functional traits and tree growth performance has been extensively studied,the links between tree seasonal growth and drought-tolerant traits in tree species with different leaf habit remains poorly understood.This study evaluated the associations between four-year averaged rainy season stem diameter growth rate and 17 branch and leaf traits across evergreen and deciduous species in a tropical karst forest in southwest China.The cross-species variations in tree growth rates were related to plant hydraulic traits(e.g.,vessel lumen diameter,xylem vessel density,stomatal density,and stomatal size)and leaf anatomical traits(e.g.,total leaf thickness,lower/upper epidermis thickness,and spongy thickness).The growth of evergreen trees exhibited lower hydraulic efficiency but greater drought tolerance than deciduous tree,which enabled them to maintain higher persistence under low soil water availability and consequently a relatively longer growing season.In contrast,deciduous species showed no correlation between their functional traits and growth rate.The distinct water use strategies of evergreen and deciduous trees may offer a potential explanation for their co-existence in the tropical karst forests.展开更多
基金supported by the Guizhou Province Top Discipline Construction Program Project(QianjiaoKeyan Fa[2019]125)the Guizhou Normal University Academic Emerging Talent Fund Project(Qianshi Xin Miao[2021]20)the Postgraduate Education Innovation Programme of Guizhou Province(Qianjiaohe YJSKYJJ[2021]091)。
文摘Four species of the genus Karstsinnectes,which live in dark,low-energy groundwater ecosystems,are currently recorded,mainly distributed in the upstream of the Pearl River,the Youjiang River and the Hongshui River.Completing biodiversity surveys is particularly difficult due to the particular cave habitats inhabited by these species.In this work,we describe a new cave fish of the genus Karstsinnectes,namely K.cehengensis Luo,Zhao&Zhou,sp.nov.,collected from the Beipanjiang River,the upstream of the Hongshui River.Genetically,the four individuals of the new species form a phylogenetically separate lineage,as the sister clade of K.acridorsalis,with a 9.4–9.5%genetic difference in mitochondrial Cyt b.Morphologically,the new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characteristics:body naked,without body color;eyes reduced,diameter 1.4–3.8%of head length;anterior and posterior nostrils adjacent,anterior nostril not elongated to a barbel-like tip;lateral line incomplete;caudal fin forked;dorsal-fin rays iii-7,pectoral-fin rays i-11–12,pelvic-fin rays i-7,anal-fin rays iii-5,with 14 branched caudal-fin rays.The discovery of this new species represents the northernmost distribution of species within the genus Karstsinnectes and the first record from Guizhou Province.All currently known species of this genus inhabited in caves,making them ideal organisms for studying historical river connectivity and cave formation process.
基金supported by Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022B1111230001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860048).
文摘Understanding genome-wide diversity,inbreeding,and the burden of accumulated deleterious mutations in small and isolated populations is essential for predicting and enhancing population persistence and resilience.However,these effects are rarely studied in limestone karst plants.Here,we re-sequenced the nuclear genomes of 62 individuals of the Begonia masoniana complex(B.liuyanii,B.longgangensis,B.masoniana and B.variegata)and investigated genomic divergence and genetic load for these four species.Our analyses revealed four distinct clusters corresponding to each species within the complex.Notably,there was only limited admixture between B.liuyanii and B.longgangensis occurring in overlapping geographic regions.All species experienced historical bottlenecks during the Pleistocene,which were likely caused by glacial climate fluctuations.We detected an asymmetric historical gene flow between group pairs within this timeframe,highlighting a distinctive pattern of interspecific divergence attributable to karst geographic isolation.We found that isolated populations of B.masoniana have limited gene flow,the smallest recent population size,the highest inbreeding coefficients,and the greatest accumulation of recessive deleterious mutations.These findings underscore the urgency to prioritize conservation efforts for these isolated population.This study is among the first to disentangle the genetic differentiation and specific demographic history of karst Begonia plants at the whole-genome level,shedding light on the potential risks associated with the accumulation of deleterious mutations over generations of inbreeding.Moreover,our findings may facilitate conservation planning by providing critical baseline genetic data and a better understanding of the historical events that have shaped current population structure of rare and endangered karst plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund(grants No.41272159 and 41572099)Geological Survey Project of China Geological Survey (grant No.1212011120964)
文摘Objective Complex geological factors have been constraining the oil and gas exploration in the Paleozoic strata of the Qaidam Basin,although there are high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks.One of the most important reasons may be reservoir densification due to the multiple stages of destructive cementation,which has hindered our understanding of the Paleozoic petroleum enrichment rules in the Qaidam basin.In recent years.
基金financially supported by the China Geological Survey(Grant No.DD20190107,DD20190094)。
文摘In the Qaidam basin,Northwest China,karstic fissures and caves are developed in many places of the Lower Carboniferous Chengqianggou Fm.and Huaitoutala Fm.and the Upper Carboniferous Keluke Fm.,in which are found typical karstic marks.Several suites of transgressive carbonate rocks formed during the Late Paleozoic epoch are preserved as reservoir properties in the Qaidam basin,with paleokarst-related cave-fractured diagenetic structures,which provided the basis for cavefractured development.Carbonate and clastic samples covering or infilling caves and fractures in Carboniferous strata were collected in the eastern Qaidam basin to focus on petrological and geochemical analyses of karst and infilling materials.Based on this study of the Caledonian diagenetic sequence,and bitumen-infilled inclusion temperature and burial history,there existed a continuous atmospheric freshwater leaching process,which played a critical role in the construction of the Carboniferous supergene paleokarsts.Investigation and survey of the tectonic setting,plate paleolatitude and river development intensity also proves that there was abundant rainfall during the Indosinian period,after which the strata undergo a shallow burial process.Because Indosinian period is earlier than the key timing of hydrocarbon-generation of the Carboniferous source rocks,this kind of karst reservoir has potential significance for oil-gas resources in this area.
文摘Indulge in some ancestor worship and slurp a bowl of pungent river snail noodles in ancient Huangyao amid a magnificent landscape of karst mountains and waterways.Huangyao might not be as famous as its glitzy neighbor Guilin,but its ancient culture,historic clan architecture and natural surroundings provide an alternative for a trip to Guangxi.Zhuang Autonomous Region.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41761003The Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Province,No.U1812401。
文摘Terrestrial ecosystems heavily depend on vegetation,which responds to carbon dioxide(CO_(2))fertilization in hot and humid regions.The subtropical humid karst region is a hot and humid region;whether and to what extent CO_(2)fertilization affects vegetation changes in such regions remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the degree to which CO_(2)fertilization influences vegetation changes,along with their spatial and temporal differences,in the subtropical humid karst region using time-lag effect analysis,a random forest model,and multiple regression analysis.Results showed that CO_(2)fertilization plays an important role in vegetation changes,exhibiting clear spatial variations across different geomorphological zones,with its degree of influence ranging mainly between 11%and 25%.The highest contribution of CO_(2)fertilization was observed in the karst basin and non-karstic region,whereas the lowest contribution was found in the karst plateau region.Previous studies have primarily attributed vegetation changes in subtropical humid karst region to ecological engineering,leading to an overestimation of its contribution to these changes.The findings of this study enhance the understanding of the mechanism of vegetation changes in humid karst region and provide theoretical and practical insights for ecological and environmental protection in these regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42061035)the Guizhou Provincial Program on Commercialization of Scientific and Technological Achievements([2022]010)。
文摘The mountainous rural regions of China are undergoing enormous changes in space and time.To a certain extent,this change has increased the difficulties in our understanding of rural development in mountainous areas and brought challenges to development policies and revitalization strategies in mountainous rural regions,especially in karst mountainous areas.In light of the difficulty in and as the key to the development of China's mountainous rural areas,the scientific and systematic construction of indicators for evaluating the level of rural revitalization development and clarifying the level of rural revitalization development and influential factors in karst mountainous areas are of great significance to the implementation of the development of the strategy for the revitalization of the rural areas in karst mountainous areas in China.This study constructed an evaluation index system of the rural regional system and rural revitalization development(RTSRD)from the perspective of rural regional system theory,assessed the spatial differentiation patterns and influential factors of RTSRD,and refined a typical territorial model of rural revitalization development in karst mountainous areas by taking Guizhou Province,a typical karst mountainous region,as a case study area.The evaluation and spatial analyses show that the RTSRD indices of karst mountainous areas in the system perspective show a linear growth trend in all single dimensions,with industrial revitalization(IR)showing the most significant increase each year.In time,the RTSRD of karst mountainous regions has developed from low to high,with evident improvement;spatially,the RTSRD shows the characteristics of‘high in the middle and low in the surroundings,and low in the plateau and low in the depression,'with apparent spatial heterogeneity.In addition,this study found that the spatial and temporal differences in RTSRD result from a combination of endogenous push and exogenous pull in the rural system.In particular,this study has refined a typical regional model of rural revitalization development in karst mountainous regions,which provides theoretical support and case practice for rural development in other karst mountainous regions.At the same time,it provides a basis for decision-making for the county level government and rural development planning.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42472194,42302153,and 42002144)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Univer-sities(22CX06002A).
文摘Karst fractures serve as crucial seepage channels and storage spaces for carbonate natural gas reservoirs,and electrical image logs are vital data for visualizing and characterizing such fractures.However,the conventional approach of identifying fractures using electrical image logs predominantly relies on manual processes that are not only time-consuming but also highly subjective.In addition,the heterogeneity and strong dissolution tendency of karst carbonate reservoirs lead to complexity and variety in fracture geometry,which makes it difficult to accurately identify fractures.In this paper,the electrical image logs network(EILnet)da deep-learning-based intelligent semantic segmentation model with a selective attention mechanism and selective feature fusion moduledwas created to enable the intelligent identification and segmentation of different types of fractures through electrical logging images.Data from electrical image logs representing structural and induced fractures were first selected using the sliding window technique before image inpainting and data augmentation were implemented for these images to improve the generalizability of the model.Various image-processing tools,including the bilateral filter,Laplace operator,and Gaussian low-pass filter,were also applied to the electrical logging images to generate a multi-attribute dataset to help the model learn the semantic features of the fractures.The results demonstrated that the EILnet model outperforms mainstream deep-learning semantic segmentation models,such as Fully Convolutional Networks(FCN-8s),U-Net,and SegNet,for both the single-channel dataset and the multi-attribute dataset.The EILnet provided significant advantages for the single-channel dataset,and its mean intersection over union(MIoU)and pixel accuracy(PA)were 81.32%and 89.37%,respectively.In the case of the multi-attribute dataset,the identification capability of all models improved to varying degrees,with the EILnet achieving the highest MIoU and PA of 83.43%and 91.11%,respectively.Further,applying the EILnet model to various blind wells demonstrated its ability to provide reliable fracture identification,thereby indicating its promising potential applications.
文摘This article examines the development of geomorpho-logical and hydrological research on karst landscapes in Central and Southeast Europe in the period before 1914.It provides novel insights into the introduction of the term“karst,”originally the name of a cavernous limestone plateau east of the Adriatic city of Trieste,as a universal model for comparing and understanding dissolutional features in soluble rocks.Based on a critical reappraisal of the sem-inal work“The Karst Phenomenon”(1893)by the Serbian geoscientist Jovan Cvijić(1865-1928),submitted as a Ph.D.thesis at the University of Vienna,my essay argues for a reassessment of the beginnings of karst sciences.It gives more attention to research as a cooperative enterprise and to the interplay between the internationalization of geosci-entific knowledge and the emerging national claims to the Balkan Peninsula and its inhabitants.Approaching the topic from a history of science perspective,I will analyze the epistemic,political,and social dimensions of early karst research at three different stages,namely,its emergence as an imperial undertaking in the Habsburg Monarchy,its synthesis and systematization through Cvijić’s“Karst Phenomenon,”and the final establishment of the Dinarides’northwestern part as the“Classical”Karst.
基金supported by the Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency(grant numbers ARIS P1-0236,ARIS P6-0101,ARIS J6-2592).
文摘The article deals with forest communities that develop on small surfaces on steep gradients of the geomorphologically diverse landscape of the Kras plateau.They appear in small depressions called dolines,where a steep gradient of ecological conditions appears over a small spatial scale.We tried to detect the turnover of forest communities on this small scale and steep gradient with small plots(microplots)of 4 m^(2)arranged in a continuous transect.We sampled only the ground layer and estimated the cover of each vascular plant species.The main problem was that we could not sample vegetation plots in standard sizes,which would allow a standard classification procedure.We built an expert system based on all of the relevant standard vegetation plots from the region and applied this system on a microplot matrix.We classified one third of microplots in this way,but the remainder were classified by semi-supervised k-means clustering.We thus established 8 communities that appear in dolines and compared their characteristics and ecological conditions by Ellenberg indicator values.Our results show that oak-hornbeam forests can be found in the bottom of dolines.Towards the bottom of deeper dolines,mesophilous ravine forests dominated by sycamore on rocky places,and sessile oak forests on deeper soils appear.On lower slopes,thermophilous ravine forests dominated by limes appear on rocky places.Upper slopes are dominated by Turkey oak,hophornbeam-pubescent oak forests and shrub formations.Turkey oak forests can be found on rather deeper soils than hophornbeam-pubescent oak forests.At the top,hophornbeam-pubescent oak forests can be found that build the zonal vegetation of the region.On rock walls vegetation of rock crevices can be found.The high biodiversity of the region supports the idea that diverse karstic features might have the potential for formation of refugia in future foreseen climate change,related to the potential of karstic relief to create diverse climatic conditions.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Science and Sport of Republic of Lithuania under the program“An influence of the climate of the climatic and anthropogenic driven factors on the ecosystems and their behaviors,services provided and sustainability of the resources”(20220419/V-585)The monitoring of karst denudation and mapping of sinkholes was funded by Lithuanian Geological Survey under Ministry of Environment,Republic of Lithuania.
文摘Karst phenomena occurring on land surface create sinkholes,ground fissures and other hazardous events.Dissolution of gypsum of Upper Devonian formations in North Lithuania,that occur under thin Quaternary cover results with rapid occurrence of hazardous sinkholes.Monitoring of karst phenomena in Lithuania includes measurements of volumes of karst sinkholes(cubic meters)and amount of dissolved underground gypsum–named chemical gypsum denudation measured by amount cubic meters of gypsum dissolved from 1 square kilometer of karst terrain during one year.
基金supported by the foundation of the Institute of Karst Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(Nos.201317,2014005,2014034,2016011)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41270226)。
文摘In Southwestern China,the development of karst landforms and planation surfaces is closely related to local tectonics,fluvial incision,and base level changes,and climate changes.However,researches on when these karst landforms and planation surfaces formed and how they evolved along drainage development are scarce.Fortunately,horizontal caves with numerous fluvial deposits in high karst mountains can be served as time markers in landform evolution.Here we select large horizontal caves to perform studies of geomorphology,sedimentology,and geochronology.Fieldwork revealed that more than 25 km long horizontal cave passages are perched 1500 m higher than the local base level,but filled with several phases of fluvial sediments and breakdown slabs.The first phase of fluvial gravels and related cave drainage was dated back to 6.4 Ma using cosmogenic nuclide burial dating,and the stalagmite covering the cave collapse was dated by the U-Pb method to be older than 1.56 Ma.These results show that the continuous horizontal cave drainage system and the planation surface were developed before the Late Miocene.The lowering process of the base level as a result of the sharp fluvial incision and water level lowering,along with the regional uplift,led to the abandonment of the horizontal cave and the elevated planation surface at the Late Miocene.After that,the phase of cave collapse,thick fluvial sand,and clay sediments in the recharge of cave areas were deposited at around 1.6 Ma and during the Middle Pleistocene,respectively.Subsequently,speleothems were widely deposited on the collapse and clay sediments during the period from 600 to 90 ka,whereas the deposition of cave fluvial sediments terminated suddenly.The tectonic could control the denudation of surface caprocks and the development of karst conduits before the Late Miocene,whereas the river incision acted as the main driver for the base level lowering and the destruction of the horizontal cave drainage at high altitudes.In addition,the rapid incision and retreat of Silurian gorges finally caused the formation of karst mesas in the Middle Pleistocene.
文摘In the Shenzhen region,where strong karst development is widely distributed,karst caves pose significant difficulties and risks to pile foundation construction.This paper,based on the Yanba Expressway Municipalization Reconstruction Project and referencing previous engineering experiences,proposes the application of sleeve valve pipe grouting technology for pre-treatment of small-to medium-sized and bead-shaped karst caves.Specific implementation measures and construction precautions are presented.Practical results demonstrate that the pre-treated karst cave areas achieved stable soil conditions,providing favorable prerequisites for subsequent pile foundation construction.The method proves convenient and feasible in operation,substantially reducing safety and quality risks during construction.This successful practice offers valuable experience for similar projects.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Develop-ment Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF1300701)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2022JDJQ0015).
文摘Economic development,food security,and ecological preservation are important issues encountered by karst re-gions.Faced with complex natural and social dynamics,we attempted to explore how interdependence within socio-ecological system(SES)shaped sustainability in this region.A SES framework was constructed and three scenarios were predesigned:economic priority scenario,food security scenario,and ecological protection sce-nario.The System Dynamics model was used to simulate and forecast the evolution across various scenarios within the SES from 2005 to 2035.Through the Production-Possibility Frontiers in combined scenarios,trade-offpotential was identified and quantified.The results showed that the decoupling between social and ecological subsystems can be weaken in economic priority scenario,while coupling between them can be strengthen in food security scenario and ecological protection scenario.Within the SES,combined scenario analyses further suggest that the rocky desertification rate and the urban-rural income ratio exhibit the least trade-offpotential and inten-sity in combined economic priority scenario and ecological protection scenario,and the Soil Conservation and Food Supply demonstrate the least trade-offpotential and intensity in combined economic priority scenario and food security scenario.We can conclude the ecological engineering plays a significant role in alleviating trade-offs within the SES,but the effectiveness is limited.In light of intertwined socio-ecological challenges,combining ecological engineering with adaptive adjustments is a crucial strategy to enhance SES resilience and promote sustainable development in the South China Karst.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31900271,32160086)Key Technology Research for Identification of Toxic Fungi in Guizhou Province(GKHZC[2020]1Y065)+1 种基金Guizhou Grassroots Science Popularization Action Plan Project([2025]04)Study on Carbon Storage and Carbon Sink Value of Forest Vegetation in State-owned Shatang Forest Farms in Guangxi(2021KY02).
文摘[Objectives] To investigate the species diversity of wood-decaying fungi in karst regions of southwest China. [Methods] The karst core regions of southwest China, specifically Guizhou, Guangxi, and Yunnan, were investigated for the first time to analyze the species diversity characteristics of wood-decaying fungi in this area. This analysis was conducted through a comprehensive 5-year field investigation and systematic identification process. [Results] The wood-decaying fungi exhibited a distinctive species composition and distribution pattern within karst habitats, encompassing significant groups such as Polyporaceae and Hymenochaetaceae. Furthermore, these fungi demonstrated varying functional characteristics across the two ecological types of standing tree decay and wood decay. It was observed that wood-decaying fungi had a significant impact on the material cycle within karst ecosystems by degrading lignin and cellulose. Furthermore, the distribution of species diversity was closely associated with the characteristics of karst geomorphology and the types of vegetation. [Conclusions] This study not only addresses the lack of background data regarding wood-decaying fungi resources in karst regions, but also elucidates the maintenance mechanisms of fragile ecosystems from the perspective of decomposers. It provides a scientific foundation for biodiversity conservation, the prevention and control of forest diseases, and sustainable ecological management in karst regions.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41920104007 and 42227805)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION The forecast of abnormal geological structures(e.g.,fracture zones,faults,aquifers and karst)during tunnel drilling remains a demanding task:detecting faults and other geological features impacting the area ahead of the tunnel is crucial for safety and engineering considerations(Meng et al.,2024;Wu et al.,2024).
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZC20233005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024QN11025)+1 种基金the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274243)the Hebei Province Natural Science Foundation Ecological Wisdom Mine Joint Fund Project(Nos.D2020402013 and D2022402040)。
文摘The water conductivity of karst collapsed column is affected by multiple factors such as the characteristics of its own column filling,structure and mining disturbance.As a structural water-conducting channel,fault usually plays a controlling role in hydrogeological structure.During the process of mine water hazard prevention and control,it was discovered that the lithology composition,compaction and cementation degree and water physical properties of karst collapsed column fillings were all non-conducting water,but due to the influence of combined development faults,some exploration drill holes showed concentrated water outflow.Based on this,the scientific hypothesis was proposed that fault cutting leads to water conduction in karst collapsed columns.The study comprehensively used methods like chronology,exploration data analysis,and hydrochemical testing to analyze the chronological relationship between faults and karst collapsed columns,their spatial relationship,outlet point distribution and water chemical properties,and the impact of faults on the water-conductivity of karst collapsed columns,which proved the effect of fault cutting on changing water conductivity of karst collapsed column.The research showed that later fault cutting through karst collapsed columns turned the originally non-conductive karst collapsed columns into water-conductive collapsed columns at the fault plane,creating a longitudinally connected water-conducting channel.A new model of fault cutting karst collapsed column to change the original water conductivity of karst collapsed column was proposed.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of the water conductivity of the karst collapsed column.According to whether the karst collapsed column was cut by the fault,it was predicted theoretically,so as to determine the key areas of water conductivity detection and prevention and control,and has broad application prospects under the background of source control of mine water disaster.
基金supported by Technology Project of Power Construction Corporation of China(DJ-ZDXM-2023-07)。
文摘Fixed supports(rigid structures)and flexible supports(tensioned cable systems)are two main methods used in constructing photovoltaic power plants,and their construction technology has significant differences.This comparative study assessed their environmental impacts on near-surface characteristics during constructing photovoltaic power plants in karst mountainous regions.Our findings revealed significant but different surface disturbances between these installation approaches.While both systems caused terrain modifications through foundation works and access road construction,the fixed support completely disturbed 100%of the construction area compared to<30%disturbance from flexible supports.Compared with the original ground,fixed support caused approximately 22%increase in bedrock exposure rate,while decreased 5%for the flexible support.Additionally,only 17%of the original vegetation coverage remained for the fixed support after construction,compared to 53%for the flexible support.The lower bedrock exposure rate and higher vegetation coverage of flexible support indicated that it had less surface disturbance area than fixed support.These results suggested that in ecologically sensitive karst terrains characterized by severe rocky desertification,challenging revegetation conditions,and low land productivity,flexible support photovoltaic technology represented a significantly less disruptive technology for minimizing surface disturbance and preserving fragile mountain ecosystems.
基金jointly supported by the Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.Qiankehe Jichu-ZK[2023]Zhongdian027)the Project of the Science and Technology Innovation Base Construction of Guizhou Province(No.Qiankehe Zhongyindi[2023]005)Philosophy and Social Science Planning Subjects in Guizhou Province in 2022(No.22GZYB53)。
文摘Ecological security provides the basis of maintaining both a sustainable regional ecosystem and economic development.However,few studies have focused on how the features such as topography and geomorphology,lithologic stratigraphic assemblages,and geohazard distribution affect the construction of ecological security patterns and the layout of optimization measures.In order to comprehensively reveal the key areas and key objects of ecological restoration in karst basins,this study takes the Beipan River Basin(BRB)as an example,constructs an ecological security pattern(ESP)based on the methods of morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA),landscape connectivity analysis and circuit theory,and lays out the optimization measures in combination with the spatial distribution characteristics of topographic and geomorphological differences and lithological stratigraphic combinations.The results show that 151 ecological sources,343 ecological corridors,121 pinch points and 178 barriers constitute the ESP of the BRB.Lithology is closely related to the spatial distribution characteristics of ecological source sites.Level 1 and 2 ecological sources(The ecological sources were categorized into level 1,level 2,and level 3 source from high to low importance.)are concentrated in the Emeishan basalt region of the upstream and the clastic and impure carbonate rock region of the downstream part of the BRB;level 3ecological sources are concentrated in the carbonate rock region of the midstream.Taking into account the outstanding ecological problems in the basin,and based on the characteristics of lithology and geohazard distribution,we propose the optimization scheme of“three axes,three zones and multiple points”for the ESP and the layout of specific measures of the BRB.The results can provide scientific references for maintaining ecological security maintenance in karst ecologically fragile areas.
基金financially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3186113307,31770533,31870591)the West Light Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(xbzg-zdsys-202218).
文摘The karst forest in southwestern China is characterized by thin soil layers,numerous fissures and holes,resulting in low soil water availability and poor water retention,making it challenging for plant growth and survival.While the relationship between plant functional traits and tree growth performance has been extensively studied,the links between tree seasonal growth and drought-tolerant traits in tree species with different leaf habit remains poorly understood.This study evaluated the associations between four-year averaged rainy season stem diameter growth rate and 17 branch and leaf traits across evergreen and deciduous species in a tropical karst forest in southwest China.The cross-species variations in tree growth rates were related to plant hydraulic traits(e.g.,vessel lumen diameter,xylem vessel density,stomatal density,and stomatal size)and leaf anatomical traits(e.g.,total leaf thickness,lower/upper epidermis thickness,and spongy thickness).The growth of evergreen trees exhibited lower hydraulic efficiency but greater drought tolerance than deciduous tree,which enabled them to maintain higher persistence under low soil water availability and consequently a relatively longer growing season.In contrast,deciduous species showed no correlation between their functional traits and growth rate.The distinct water use strategies of evergreen and deciduous trees may offer a potential explanation for their co-existence in the tropical karst forests.
