In recent years the studies of the relativistic heavy-ion collisions give rise to extensive interest. One of the motivations of these studies is to probe the equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter at high density a...In recent years the studies of the relativistic heavy-ion collisions give rise to extensive interest. One of the motivations of these studies is to probe the equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter at high density and/or temperature. This is very significant for nuclear physics and particle physics and astrophysics. The kaons produced in the process of nuclear collisions at an incident energy of about展开更多
At Jefferson Laboratory the experiment E02-017 was carried out to investigate the fission associated with kaons in the hypernuclei-producing interaction p（e,K^＋e＇）A. The newly installed high resolution kaon spectr...At Jefferson Laboratory the experiment E02-017 was carried out to investigate the fission associated with kaons in the hypernuclei-producing interaction p（e,K^＋e＇）A. The newly installed high resolution kaon spectrometer （HKS） in Hall C was used as a key instrument to identify kaons. This paper introduces the HKS hardware and describes the way the kaons are identified. Maintaining most of the kaons （nearly 100%） in the data, HKS identifies kaons with a purity of -67% in this experiment. The resolution of the kaon target time reconstructed by HKS reaches 0.42 ns.展开更多
The transverse single-spin asymmetry forρ^(0) production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering was recently reported by the COMPASS Collaboration.Using the Sivers function extracted from pion and kaon productio...The transverse single-spin asymmetry forρ^(0) production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering was recently reported by the COMPASS Collaboration.Using the Sivers function extracted from pion and kaon productions,we perform a calculation of the Sivers asymmetry within the transverse momentum-dependent factorization.Our results are consistent with the COMPASS data,supporting the universality of the Sivers function in the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering process for different final-state hadrons within current experimental uncertainties.While different parametrizations of the Sivers function from global analyses allow describing the data equally well,we obtain very different predictions on the Sivers asymmetry ofρand K^(*)productions at electron-ion colliders,which therefore are expected to provide further constraints.展开更多
By using the new experimental data of AA potential, this paper has performed a full calculation for strange hadronic matter with different strangeness contents as well as its consequences on the global properties of n...By using the new experimental data of AA potential, this paper has performed a full calculation for strange hadronic matter with different strangeness contents as well as its consequences on the global properties of neutron star matter in relativistic mean field model. It finds that the new weak hyperon-hyperon interaction makes the equations of state much stiffer than the result of the previous strong hyperon hyperon interaction, and even stiffer than the result without consideration of hyperon-hyperon interaction. This new hyperon-hyperon interaction results in a maximum mass of 1.75M⊙ （where M⊙ stands for the mass of the Sun）, about 0.2-0.5M⊙ larger than the previous prediction with the presence of hyperons. After examining carefully the onset densities of kaon condensation it finds that this new weak version of hyperon-hyperon interaction favours the occurrence of kaons in comparison with the strong one.展开更多
The influence of the chiral mean field on the in-plane flow in heavy ion collisions at SIS energy is investigated within covariant kaon dynamics. For the kaon mesons inside the nuclear medium a quasi-particle picture...The influence of the chiral mean field on the in-plane flow in heavy ion collisions at SIS energy is investigated within covariant kaon dynamics. For the kaon mesons inside the nuclear medium a quasi-particle picture including scalar and vector fields is adopted and compared to the standard treatment with a static potential. It is confirmed that a Lorentz force from spatial component of the vector field provides an important contribution to the in-medium kaon dynamics and strongly counterbalances the influence of the vector potential on the in-plane flow. The calculated results show that the new FOPI data can be reasonably described using the Brown & Rho parametrization, which partly takes into account the correction of higher order contributions in the chiral expansion. This indicates that one can abstract the information on the kaon potential in a nuclear medium from the analysis of the in-plane flow.展开更多
In the present paper, we investigate the kaon twist-3 distribution amplitudes （DAs）Cp within the QCD background field approach. The SUf （3）-breaking effects are studied in detail under a systematical way, especiaJ...In the present paper, we investigate the kaon twist-3 distribution amplitudes （DAs）Cp within the QCD background field approach. The SUf （3）-breaking effects are studied in detail under a systematical way, especiaJ1y the sum rules for the moments of are obtained by keeping all the mass terms in the s-quark propagator consistently. After adding all the uncertainties in quadrature, the first two Gegenbauler moments of are a GeV. A detailed discussion on the properties tion parameters moments shows that the higher-order s-quark mass terms can indeed provide sizable contributions. Fhrthermore, based on the newly obtained moments, a model for the kaon twist-3 wavefunction with a better end-point behavior is constructed, which shall be useful for perturbative QCD calculations. As a byproduct, we make a discussion on the properties of the pion twist-3 DAs.展开更多
The main “bottleneck” limiting the beam power in circular machines is caused by space charge effects that produce beam instabilities. To increase maximally the beam power of a “proton driver”, it is proposed to bu...The main “bottleneck” limiting the beam power in circular machines is caused by space charge effects that produce beam instabilities. To increase maximally the beam power of a “proton driver”, it is proposed to build a facility consisting solely of a 2.5 GeV injector linac (PI) and a 20 GeV pulsed superconducting linac (SCL). Such a facility could be constructed using the existing KEK accelerator infrastructure. The PI, based on the European Spallation Source (ESS) linac, would serve both as an injector to the SCL and a source of proton beams that could be used to copiously produce, e.g., muons and “cold” neutrons. Protons accelerated by the SCL would be transferred through the KEK Tristan ring in order to create neutrino, kaon and muon beams for fixed-target experiments. At a later stage, a 70 GeV proton synchrotron could be installed inside the Tristan ring. The SCL, comprising 1.3 GHz ILC-type rf cavities, could also accelerate polarized or unpolarized electron beams. After acceleration, electrons could be used to produce polarized positrons, or may traverse an XFEL undulator.展开更多
Over the last decades, great strides have been made in baryon spectroscopy, in large part due to the high-quality photoproduction data obtained at electromagnetic facilities such as JLab, MAMI, ELSA, SPring-8, BEPC, a...Over the last decades, great strides have been made in baryon spectroscopy, in large part due to the high-quality photoproduction data obtained at electromagnetic facilities such as JLab, MAMI, ELSA, SPring-8, BEPC, and others. Kaon photoproduction, in particular, with a strange (ground-state) Σ baryon, has been extensively studied.However, there exist only a limited number of studies of kaon photoproduction with a strange Σ(1385) ( Σ) baryon resonance.展开更多
CP conservation and violation in neutral kaon decay are considered from a first principles’ theory, recently published as “Scalar Strong Interaction Hadron Theory”. The arbitrary phase angle relating K0 and 0 in cu...CP conservation and violation in neutral kaon decay are considered from a first principles’ theory, recently published as “Scalar Strong Interaction Hadron Theory”. The arbitrary phase angle relating K0 and 0 in current phenomenology is identified to be related to the product of the relative energy to the relative time between the s and d quarks in these kaons. The argument of the CP violating parameter ? is predicted to be 45? without employing measured data. The K0S decay rate is twice the K0L -K0S masss difference, in near agreement with data, and both are proportional to the square of the relative energy 29.44 eV. Any pion from K0L decay will also have a mass shift of ≈1.28 × 10-5 eV. The present first principles’ theory is consistent with CP conservation. To achieve CP violation, the relative time cannot extend to both +∞ and -∞ but is bounded in at least one direction. The values of these bounds lie outside the present theory and it is unknown how they can be brought forth. -B0 mixing is also considered and the relative energy is 663.66 eV.展开更多
This paper shows a didactic model (PGM), and not only, but representative of the Hadrons described in the Standard Model (SM). In this model, particles are represented by structures corresponding to geometric shapes o...This paper shows a didactic model (PGM), and not only, but representative of the Hadrons described in the Standard Model (SM). In this model, particles are represented by structures corresponding to geometric shapes of coupled quantum oscillators (IQuO). By the properties of IQuO one can define the electric charge and that of color of quarks. Showing the “aurea” (golden) triangular shape of all quarks, we manage to represent the geometric combinations of the nucleons, light mesons, and K-mesons. By the geometric shape of W-bosons, we represent the weak decay of pions and charged Kaons and neutral, highlighting in geometric terms the possibilities of decay in two and three pions of neutral Kaon and the transition to anti-Kaon. In conclusion, from this didactic representation, an in-depth and exhaustive phenomenology of hadrons emerges, which even manages to resolve some problematic aspects of the SM.展开更多
Taking into account the effects of shadowing and jet quenching, the large transverse momentum distribution of K＋, π＋ and K＋/π＋ ratios at s = 200 GeV originating from resolved photoproduction processes is calcula...Taking into account the effects of shadowing and jet quenching, the large transverse momentum distribution of K＋, π＋ and K＋/π＋ ratios at s = 200 GeV originating from resolved photoproduction processes is calculated based on perturbative quantum chromodynamics. It is found that the contribution of K＋ and π＋ produced by photoproduction processes is evident. The K＋ /π＋ ratios in Au-Au collisions show an obvious enhancement compared with p p collisions. The numerical results indicate that the photoproduetion processes are good modification for kaon and pion production.展开更多
Clear windows onto emergent hadron mass(EHM)and modulations thereof by Higgs boson interactions are provided by observable measures of pion and kaon structure,many of which are accessible via generalised parton distri...Clear windows onto emergent hadron mass(EHM)and modulations thereof by Higgs boson interactions are provided by observable measures of pion and kaon structure,many of which are accessible via generalised parton distributions(GPDs).Beginning with algebraic GPD Ansätze,constrained entirely by hadron-scaleπand K valence-parton distribution functions(DFs),in whose forms both EHM and Higgs boson influences are manifest,numerous illustrations are provided.They include the properties of electromagnetic form factors,impact parameter space GPDs,gravitational form factors and associated pressure profiles,and the character and consequences of allorders evolution.The analyses predict that mass-squared gravitational form factors are stiffer than electromagnetic form factors;reveal that K pressure profiles are tighter than profiles,with both mesons sustaining near-core pressures at magnitudes similar to that expected at the core of neutron stars;deliver parameter-free predictions for and K valence,glue,and sea GPDs at the resolving scale l=2GeV;and predict that at this scale the fraction of meson mass-squared carried by glue and sea combined matches that lodged with the valence degrees-of-freedom,with a similar statement holding for mass-squared radii.展开更多
Producing kaon mesons in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies below their threshold energy is an important way to investigate the properties of dense nuclear matter. In this study, based on the newly updated version ...Producing kaon mesons in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies below their threshold energy is an important way to investigate the properties of dense nuclear matter. In this study, based on the newly updated version of the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics model, we introduce the kaon-nucleon(KN) potential, including both the scalar and vector(also dubbed Lorentz-like)aspects. We revisit the influence of the KN potential on the collective flow of K+mesons produced in Au+Au collisions at Elab= 1.5 Ge V/nucleon and find that the contribution of the newly included Lorentz-like force is very important, particulary for describing the directed flow of K+. Finally, the corresponding Kao S data of both directed and elliptic flows can be simultaneously reproduced well.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNuclear Industrial Science Foundation of China
文摘In recent years the studies of the relativistic heavy-ion collisions give rise to extensive interest. One of the motivations of these studies is to probe the equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter at high density and/or temperature. This is very significant for nuclear physics and particle physics and astrophysics. The kaons produced in the process of nuclear collisions at an incident energy of about
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10575046)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(5331492112)
文摘At Jefferson Laboratory the experiment E02-017 was carried out to investigate the fission associated with kaons in the hypernuclei-producing interaction p（e,K^＋e＇）A. The newly installed high resolution kaon spectrometer （HKS） in Hall C was used as a key instrument to identify kaons. This paper introduces the HKS hardware and describes the way the kaons are identified. Maintaining most of the kaons （nearly 100%） in the data, HKS identifies kaons with a purity of -67% in this experiment. The resolution of the kaon target time reconstructed by HKS reaches 0.42 ns.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFA1611004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12175117,12475084,and 12321005)the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.ZFJH202303 and ZR2024MA012)。
文摘The transverse single-spin asymmetry forρ^(0) production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering was recently reported by the COMPASS Collaboration.Using the Sivers function extracted from pion and kaon productions,we perform a calculation of the Sivers asymmetry within the transverse momentum-dependent factorization.Our results are consistent with the COMPASS data,supporting the universality of the Sivers function in the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering process for different final-state hadrons within current experimental uncertainties.While different parametrizations of the Sivers function from global analyses allow describing the data equally well,we obtain very different predictions on the Sivers asymmetry ofρand K^(*)productions at electron-ion colliders,which therefore are expected to provide further constraints.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 10575119 and 10235030）, the Knowledge Innovation Project （Grant No KJCX2-SW-N02） of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China （Grant No G2000077400）, the Major Prophase Research Project of Fundamental Research of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （Grant No 2002CCB00200）, and the Asia Europe Link project （Grant No CN/ASIA-LINK/008（94791）） of the European Commission.
文摘By using the new experimental data of AA potential, this paper has performed a full calculation for strange hadronic matter with different strangeness contents as well as its consequences on the global properties of neutron star matter in relativistic mean field model. It finds that the new weak hyperon-hyperon interaction makes the equations of state much stiffer than the result of the previous strong hyperon hyperon interaction, and even stiffer than the result without consideration of hyperon-hyperon interaction. This new hyperon-hyperon interaction results in a maximum mass of 1.75M⊙ （where M⊙ stands for the mass of the Sun）, about 0.2-0.5M⊙ larger than the previous prediction with the presence of hyperons. After examining carefully the onset densities of kaon condensation it finds that this new weak version of hyperon-hyperon interaction favours the occurrence of kaons in comparison with the strong one.
文摘The influence of the chiral mean field on the in-plane flow in heavy ion collisions at SIS energy is investigated within covariant kaon dynamics. For the kaon mesons inside the nuclear medium a quasi-particle picture including scalar and vector fields is adopted and compared to the standard treatment with a static potential. It is confirmed that a Lorentz force from spatial component of the vector field provides an important contribution to the in-medium kaon dynamics and strongly counterbalances the influence of the vector potential on the in-plane flow. The calculated results show that the new FOPI data can be reasonably described using the Brown & Rho parametrization, which partly takes into account the correction of higher order contributions in the chiral expansion. This indicates that one can abstract the information on the kaon potential in a nuclear medium from the analysis of the in-plane flow.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.CDJXS1102209the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University under Grant No.NCET-10-0882by Natural Science Foundation of China under GrantNo.11075225
文摘In the present paper, we investigate the kaon twist-3 distribution amplitudes （DAs）Cp within the QCD background field approach. The SUf （3）-breaking effects are studied in detail under a systematical way, especiaJ1y the sum rules for the moments of are obtained by keeping all the mass terms in the s-quark propagator consistently. After adding all the uncertainties in quadrature, the first two Gegenbauler moments of are a GeV. A detailed discussion on the properties tion parameters moments shows that the higher-order s-quark mass terms can indeed provide sizable contributions. Fhrthermore, based on the newly obtained moments, a model for the kaon twist-3 wavefunction with a better end-point behavior is constructed, which shall be useful for perturbative QCD calculations. As a byproduct, we make a discussion on the properties of the pion twist-3 DAs.
文摘The main “bottleneck” limiting the beam power in circular machines is caused by space charge effects that produce beam instabilities. To increase maximally the beam power of a “proton driver”, it is proposed to build a facility consisting solely of a 2.5 GeV injector linac (PI) and a 20 GeV pulsed superconducting linac (SCL). Such a facility could be constructed using the existing KEK accelerator infrastructure. The PI, based on the European Spallation Source (ESS) linac, would serve both as an injector to the SCL and a source of proton beams that could be used to copiously produce, e.g., muons and “cold” neutrons. Protons accelerated by the SCL would be transferred through the KEK Tristan ring in order to create neutrino, kaon and muon beams for fixed-target experiments. At a later stage, a 70 GeV proton synchrotron could be installed inside the Tristan ring. The SCL, comprising 1.3 GHz ILC-type rf cavities, could also accelerate polarized or unpolarized electron beams. After acceleration, electrons could be used to produce polarized positrons, or may traverse an XFEL undulator.
基金Major State Basic Research Development Program in China (2014CB845405), National Natural Science Foundation of China (11275235, 11035006)
文摘Over the last decades, great strides have been made in baryon spectroscopy, in large part due to the high-quality photoproduction data obtained at electromagnetic facilities such as JLab, MAMI, ELSA, SPring-8, BEPC, and others. Kaon photoproduction, in particular, with a strange (ground-state) Σ baryon, has been extensively studied.However, there exist only a limited number of studies of kaon photoproduction with a strange Σ(1385) ( Σ) baryon resonance.
文摘CP conservation and violation in neutral kaon decay are considered from a first principles’ theory, recently published as “Scalar Strong Interaction Hadron Theory”. The arbitrary phase angle relating K0 and 0 in current phenomenology is identified to be related to the product of the relative energy to the relative time between the s and d quarks in these kaons. The argument of the CP violating parameter ? is predicted to be 45? without employing measured data. The K0S decay rate is twice the K0L -K0S masss difference, in near agreement with data, and both are proportional to the square of the relative energy 29.44 eV. Any pion from K0L decay will also have a mass shift of ≈1.28 × 10-5 eV. The present first principles’ theory is consistent with CP conservation. To achieve CP violation, the relative time cannot extend to both +∞ and -∞ but is bounded in at least one direction. The values of these bounds lie outside the present theory and it is unknown how they can be brought forth. -B0 mixing is also considered and the relative energy is 663.66 eV.
文摘This paper shows a didactic model (PGM), and not only, but representative of the Hadrons described in the Standard Model (SM). In this model, particles are represented by structures corresponding to geometric shapes of coupled quantum oscillators (IQuO). By the properties of IQuO one can define the electric charge and that of color of quarks. Showing the “aurea” (golden) triangular shape of all quarks, we manage to represent the geometric combinations of the nucleons, light mesons, and K-mesons. By the geometric shape of W-bosons, we represent the weak decay of pions and charged Kaons and neutral, highlighting in geometric terms the possibilities of decay in two and three pions of neutral Kaon and the transition to anti-Kaon. In conclusion, from this didactic representation, an in-depth and exhaustive phenomenology of hadrons emerges, which even manages to resolve some problematic aspects of the SM.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11065010 and 11465021
文摘Taking into account the effects of shadowing and jet quenching, the large transverse momentum distribution of K＋, π＋ and K＋/π＋ ratios at s = 200 GeV originating from resolved photoproduction processes is calculated based on perturbative quantum chromodynamics. It is found that the contribution of K＋ and π＋ produced by photoproduction processes is evident. The K＋ /π＋ ratios in Au-Au collisions show an obvious enhancement compared with p p collisions. The numerical results indicate that the photoproduetion processes are good modification for kaon and pion production.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12135007,11805097)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(BK20180323)+2 种基金Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(MICINN)(PID2019-107844GB-C22)Junta de Andalucía(P18-FR-5057,UHU-1264517)University of Huelva(EPIT-2019)。
文摘Clear windows onto emergent hadron mass(EHM)and modulations thereof by Higgs boson interactions are provided by observable measures of pion and kaon structure,many of which are accessible via generalised parton distributions(GPDs).Beginning with algebraic GPD Ansätze,constrained entirely by hadron-scaleπand K valence-parton distribution functions(DFs),in whose forms both EHM and Higgs boson influences are manifest,numerous illustrations are provided.They include the properties of electromagnetic form factors,impact parameter space GPDs,gravitational form factors and associated pressure profiles,and the character and consequences of allorders evolution.The analyses predict that mass-squared gravitational form factors are stiffer than electromagnetic form factors;reveal that K pressure profiles are tighter than profiles,with both mesons sustaining near-core pressures at magnitudes similar to that expected at the core of neutron stars;deliver parameter-free predictions for and K valence,glue,and sea GPDs at the resolving scale l=2GeV;and predict that at this scale the fraction of meson mass-squared carried by glue and sea combined matches that lodged with the valence degrees-of-freedom,with a similar statement holding for mass-squared radii.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11375062, 11505057, and 11747312)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. LY18A050002)the project is sponsored by SRF for ROCS, SEM
文摘Producing kaon mesons in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies below their threshold energy is an important way to investigate the properties of dense nuclear matter. In this study, based on the newly updated version of the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics model, we introduce the kaon-nucleon(KN) potential, including both the scalar and vector(also dubbed Lorentz-like)aspects. We revisit the influence of the KN potential on the collective flow of K+mesons produced in Au+Au collisions at Elab= 1.5 Ge V/nucleon and find that the contribution of the newly included Lorentz-like force is very important, particulary for describing the directed flow of K+. Finally, the corresponding Kao S data of both directed and elliptic flows can be simultaneously reproduced well.
