Honeycombing Lung(HCL)is a chronic lung condition marked by advanced fibrosis,resulting in enlarged air spaces with thick fibrotic walls,which are visible on Computed Tomography(CT)scans.Differentiating between normal...Honeycombing Lung(HCL)is a chronic lung condition marked by advanced fibrosis,resulting in enlarged air spaces with thick fibrotic walls,which are visible on Computed Tomography(CT)scans.Differentiating between normal lung tissue,honeycombing lungs,and Ground Glass Opacity(GGO)in CT images is often challenging for radiologists and may lead to misinterpretations.Although earlier studies have proposed models to detect and classify HCL,many faced limitations such as high computational demands,lower accuracy,and difficulty distinguishing between HCL and GGO.CT images are highly effective for lung classification due to their high resolution,3D visualization,and sensitivity to tissue density variations.This study introduces Honeycombing Lungs Network(HCL Net),a novel classification algorithm inspired by ResNet50V2 and enhanced to overcome the shortcomings of previous approaches.HCL Net incorporates additional residual blocks,refined preprocessing techniques,and selective parameter tuning to improve classification performance.The dataset,sourced from the University Malaya Medical Centre(UMMC)and verified by expert radiologists,consists of CT images of normal,honeycombing,and GGO lungs.Experimental evaluations across five assessments demonstrated that HCL Net achieved an outstanding classification accuracy of approximately 99.97%.It also recorded strong performance in other metrics,achieving 93%precision,100%sensitivity,89%specificity,and an AUC-ROC score of 97%.Comparative analysis with baseline feature engineering methods confirmed the superior efficacy of HCL Net.The model significantly reduces misclassification,particularly between honeycombing and GGO lungs,enhancing diagnostic precision and reliability in lung image analysis.展开更多
In some practical applications modeled by discrete-event systems(DES),the observations of events may be no longer deterministic due to sensor faults/failures,packet loss,and/or measurement uncertainties.In this contex...In some practical applications modeled by discrete-event systems(DES),the observations of events may be no longer deterministic due to sensor faults/failures,packet loss,and/or measurement uncertainties.In this context,it is interesting to reconsider the infinite-step opacity(∞-SO)and K-step opacity(K-SO)of a DES under abnormal conditions as mentioned.In this paper,the authors extend the notions of∞-SO and K-SO defined in the standard setting to the framework of nondeterministic observations(i.e.,the event-observation mechanism is state-dependent and nondeterministic).Obviously,the extended notions of∞-SO and K-SO are more general than the previous standard ones.To effectively verify them,a matrix-based current state estimator in the context of this advanced framework is constructed using the Boolean semi-tensor product(BSTP)technique.Accordingly,the necessary and sufficient conditions for verifying these two extended versions of opacity are provided as well as their complexity analysis.Finally,several examples are given to illustrate the obtained theoretical results.展开更多
This paper addresses the verification of strong currentstate opacity with respect to real-time observations generated from a discrete-event system that is modeled with time labeled Petri nets. The standard current-sta...This paper addresses the verification of strong currentstate opacity with respect to real-time observations generated from a discrete-event system that is modeled with time labeled Petri nets. The standard current-state opacity cannot completely characterize higher-level security. To ensure the higher-level security requirements of a time-dependent system, we propose a strong version of opacity known as strong current-state opacity. For any path(state-event sequence with time information)π derived from a real-time observation that ends at a secret state, the strong current-state opacity of the real-time observation signifies that there is a non-secret path with the same real-time observation as π. We propose general and non-secret state class graphs, which characterize the general and non-secret states of time-dependent systems, respectively. To capture the observable behavior of non-secret states, a non-secret observer is proposed.Finally, we develop a structure called a real-time concurrent verifier to verify the strong current-state opacity of time labeled Petri nets. This approach is efficient since the real-time concurrent verifier can be constructed by solving a certain number of linear programming problems.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestations of intraocular lens (IOL) opacity after cataract surgery through case reports, and to explore its pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment ideas, so as to provide a ba...Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestations of intraocular lens (IOL) opacity after cataract surgery through case reports, and to explore its pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment ideas, so as to provide a basis for the early diagnosis and correct treatment of IOL opacity. Methods: The clinical data of one patient diagnosed with IOL opacity and underwent intraocular lens replacement in the Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities in December 2023 were reported. The characteristics of IOL opacity were observed, and the research progress and pathogenesis of IOL opacity were understood by consulting the literature. Results: This patient is the first case of IOL opacity in our hospital. The specific reason is unclear. It is considered to be related to the IOL material. Conclusion: Hydrophilic acrylic IOL is widely used in clinic because of its good histocompatibility. However, due to its hydrophilicity, there are more cases of IOL opacity than other types of IOL. At present, there is no unified conclusion on the etiology and mechanism of IOL opacity. IOL opacity can seriously affect vision and is easily misdiagnosed as a posterior cataract. We should fully disperse the large pupil and carefully observe under the slit lamp. The most effective treatment for this disease is IOL replacement.展开更多
We explored the effects of algorithmic opacity on employees’playing dumb and evasive hiding rather than rationalized hiding.We examined the mediating role of job insecurity and the moderating role of employee-AI coll...We explored the effects of algorithmic opacity on employees’playing dumb and evasive hiding rather than rationalized hiding.We examined the mediating role of job insecurity and the moderating role of employee-AI collaboration.Participants were 421 full-time employees(female=46.32%,junior employees=31.83%)from a variety of organizations and industries that interact with AI.Employees filled out data on algorithm opacity,job insecurity,knowledge hiding,employee-AI collaboration,and control variables.The results of the structural equation modeling indicated that algorithm opacity exacerbated employees’job insecurity,and job insecurity mediated between algorithm opacity and playing dumb and evasive hiding rather than rationalized hiding.The relationship between algorithmic opacity and playing dumb and evasive hiding was more positive when the level of employee-AI collaboration was higher.These findings suggest that employee-AI collaboration reinforces the indirect relationship between algorithmic opacity and playing dumb and evasive hiding.Our study contributes to research on human and AI collaboration by exploring the dark side of employee-AI collaboration.展开更多
Corneal opacity is one of the most commonly used parameters for estimating postmortem interval （PMI）. This paper proposes a new method to study the relationship between changes of corneal opacity and PMI by processi...Corneal opacity is one of the most commonly used parameters for estimating postmortem interval （PMI）. This paper proposes a new method to study the relationship between changes of corneal opacity and PMI by processing and analyzing cornea images. Corneal regions were extracted from images of rabbits＇ eyes and described by color-based and texture-based features, which could represent the changes of cornea at different PMI. A KNN classifier was used to reveal the association of image features and PMI. The result of the classification showed that the new method was reliable and effective.展开更多
AIM: To study whether specific anesthetic drugs or tear layer evaporation was primarily responsible for the acute cataract and what the change of lens structure is in anesthetized mice.METHODS: Five groups were set up...AIM: To study whether specific anesthetic drugs or tear layer evaporation was primarily responsible for the acute cataract and what the change of lens structure is in anesthetized mice.METHODS: Five groups were set up in the experiment: Group A(topicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop+ chloral hydrate), Group B(tropicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop+sevoflurane), Group C(tropicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop), Group D(topicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop+chloral hydrate, carbomer eye drop in the right eyes), and Group E(tropicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop+sevoflurane, carbomer eye drop in the right eyes). A simple classification system was used to assess the severity of lens opacity. And a numerical value from 0 to 3 to each grade was assigned for the cataract index calculation and data analysis. The gross appearance and time course of development of lens opacity were assessed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the lens structure changes in the reversible cataract.RESULTS: Tropicamide did not induce lens opacification in mice. Lens opacity caused by inhaled sevoflurane was similar to injected cholral hydrate. Both inhaled-anestheticinduced lens opacity and injected-anesthetic-induced lens opacity could be prevented by carbomer eye drop. In the severe opacity lens, a wide range of lens fiber cell structure had disordered. The fiber cells became uneven thickness.CONCLUSION: The acute reversible lens opacity can unilaterally develop or be induced by a local cause. The structure of lens fiber cells changed in the lens opacity which may influence the permanent connection of the lens fiber cells. This study was not only of practical significance to help maintain lens transparency for eye research, but also of the deeper consideration about the reversible lens opacification phenomenon.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the clinical and imaging features of ground glass opacity(GGO)localized using a preoperative Hook-wire guidewire and postoperative pathology.Method:Preoperative Hook-wire...Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the clinical and imaging features of ground glass opacity(GGO)localized using a preoperative Hook-wire guidewire and postoperative pathology.Method:Preoperative Hook-wire guidewire localization was performed in 83 patients with GGO less than 2 cm,and their clinical data,imaging data,and postoperative pathology findings were retrospectively analyzed.The images were classified as pure GGO(pGGO) or mixed GGO(mGGO).The relationship between clinical and imaging features and postoperative pathology was analyzed.Result:The 83 cases were colocalized,and the success rate of the guidewire positioning was 100%.Complications included pneumothorax(19.2% [16/83]) and the incidence of minor bleeding(30.2 [25/83]).Forty-seven patients had mGGO and 36 had pGGO.Among the 47 cases of mGGO,18(38.3%) were invasive adenocarcinoma(IAC),18(38.3%) were microinvasive adenocarcinoma(MIA),8(17.0%) were adenocarcinoma in situ(AIS),2(4.3%) were atypical adenomatous hyperplasia(AAH),and 1(2.1%) was benign.Among the 36 cases of pGGO,6(16.7%) were IAC,13(36.1%) were MIA,8(22.2%) were AIS,2(5.6%) were AAH,and 7(19.4%) cases were benign lesions.A significantly higher proportion of patients with IAC had mGGO than pGGO(21.7% vs.7.2%,respectively;p=0.004).Among patients with mGGO,a higher proportion of them had a nodule diameter of ≥1 cm than those with a diameter of <1 cm(25.5% vs.12.8%,respectively;p=0.003).There was no significant difference in age,location distribution,or pathological type.Conclusion: Preoperative CT-guided Hook-wire guidewire positioning was safe with minor complications.A significantly higher proportion of patients with IAC had mGGO than pGGO.Patients with mGGO and a nodule diameter ≥1 cm require active treatment.展开更多
AIM:To report the safety,efficacy,and accuracy of small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)or femtosecondassisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)for the correction of myopia or myopic astigmatism in patients w...AIM:To report the safety,efficacy,and accuracy of small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)or femtosecondassisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)for the correction of myopia or myopic astigmatism in patients with deep corneal opacity denoted by anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT).METHODS:Four patients with monocular corneal opacity(3 due to mechanical injury,1 due to a firecracker wound)were recruited and treated with refractive surgery(3 for SMILE,1 for FS-LASIK combined with limbal relaxing incision(LRI).Preoperative ocular manifestations,surgical details,postoperative visual outcomes,corneal opacity parameters,and corneal topography were analyzed.RESULTS:Preoperatively,spherical diopter ranged from-3.0 D to-4.75 D with cylinder ranging from-0.75 to-5.0 D,and corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)ranging from 20/25 to 20/20.One eye’s corneal opacity was located in the central zone and three were in the mid-peripheral optical zone.Three patients underwent uneventful SMILE in both eyes,whilst one patient underwent FS-LASIK for high astigmatism in both eyes and LRI in the right eye.CDVA of the eye with corneal opacity ranged from 20/22to 20/20 one to six weeks postoperatively.Two patients achieved better CDVA and no patients lost Snellen lines.The postoperative diopter was within±0.75 D for all eyes.Significant edema existed above the corneal opacity in one eye and dissipated soon.No eccentric corneal topography or morphological anomaly of the corneal cap or flap was observed.CONCLUSION:The cases demonstrate that SMILE or FS-LASIK is safe and effective to treat myopic astigmatism combined with deep corneal opacity lesions after comprehensive preoperative evaluation and appropriate candidate selection.FS-LASIK combined with LRI is also sufficient for correcting high astigmatism due to corneal scarring.展开更多
Based on the detailed configuration accounting (DCA) model, a method is developed to include the resonant photoionization and the excitation-autoionization in the non-local thermodynamical equilibrium (NLTE) average a...Based on the detailed configuration accounting (DCA) model, a method is developed to include the resonant photoionization and the excitation-autoionization in the non-local thermodynamical equilibrium (NLTE) average atom (AA) model. Using this new model, the mean charge states and the opacity are calculated for NLTE high- plasmas and compared with other results. The agreement with AA model is poor at low electron density. The present results agree well with those of DCA model within 10%. The calculations show that the NLTE effects on opacity are strong.展开更多
AIM:To obtain the diagnostic performance of percu-taneous transthoracic needle biopsy(PTNB)under Computed tomography(CT)fuoroscopy guidance for lung ground-glass opacity(GGO).METHODS:We searched for English-and Chines...AIM:To obtain the diagnostic performance of percu-taneous transthoracic needle biopsy(PTNB)under Computed tomography(CT)fuoroscopy guidance for lung ground-glass opacity(GGO).METHODS:We searched for English-and Chinese-language studies in PubMed,EMBASE,EBSCO,OVID,and CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure)database.Data were calculated with Meta-Disc version 1.4 and Rev Man version 5.2 software.From the pooled data,we calculated sensitivity(Sen),specificity(Spe),positive likelihood ratio(+LR),negative likelihood ratio(-LR),and diagnostic odds ratio(DOR).Summary receiver operating characteristic(SROC)curves were constructed and incidence of complications was recorded.RESULTS:Four documents included in this present meta-analysis met the criteria for analysis.The pooled Sen,Spe,+LR,-LR and DOR with 95%CI were 0.91(0.86-0.95),1.0(0.91-1.0),18.64(4.83-71.93),0.11(0.05-0.26)and 153.17(30.78-762.33),respectively.The area under the SROC curve was 0.98.The incidence of pneumothorax and hemoptysis was 17.86%-51.80%and 10.50%-19.40%,respectively.CONCLUSION:CT fuoroscopy-guided PTNB,which has an acceptable incidence of complications,can be used as a primary examination method for lung GGO,with moderate sensitivity and specifcity.展开更多
Microfibrillated cellulose(MFC)was obtained by mechanical grinding of different pulps.MFC-modified ground calcium carbonate(GCC)was prepared in two different ways,designated MFC-GCC composite filler and MFC-GCC flocs ...Microfibrillated cellulose(MFC)was obtained by mechanical grinding of different pulps.MFC-modified ground calcium carbonate(GCC)was prepared in two different ways,designated MFC-GCC composite filler and MFC-GCC flocs filler.The opacity of pulp handsheets loaded with MFCmodified GCC was measured.The effects of MFC originated from different pulps,pretreatment method,and filler modification on the opacity of handsheets loaded with MFC-modified GCC were discussed.The results show that MFC originated from alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp(APMP)was optimal for improving the opacity of the handsheets and PFI grinding pretreatment for MFC provided a denser structure in the corresponding MFCAPMP-GCC floc filler while enzyme pretreatment was more effective in increasing the opacity of the filled paper.Under the experimental conditions,the opacity of handsheets increased from 81.0%to 82.7%when the unmodified GCC was replaced by an equivalent amount of MFCAPMP-GCC composite filler,while other properties were unchanged.展开更多
In this paper, using the intensity ratio between two spectral lines arising from the common lower level, we determine the optical depth of the solar atmosphere of CIV emission lines. The optical depth at the line cent...In this paper, using the intensity ratio between two spectral lines arising from the common lower level, we determine the optical depth of the solar atmosphere of CIV emission lines. The optical depth at the line center of the （1/2-3/2） component is calculated to be 0.05 at the center of the solar disc. By introducing a measured abundance of carbon and the results of ionization balance calculations, we estimate the line-of-sight physical thickness of the regions emitting CIV lines as Heff = 27 km, and we estimate the population density of the lower level to be 1.8 × 106 cm-3 .展开更多
This study examined the value of volume rendering （VR） interpretation in assessing the growth of pulmonary nodular ground-glass opacity （nGGO）. A total of 47 nGGOs （average size, 9.5 mm; range, 5.7-20.6 mm） were...This study examined the value of volume rendering （VR） interpretation in assessing the growth of pulmonary nodular ground-glass opacity （nGGO）. A total of 47 nGGOs （average size, 9.5 mm; range, 5.7-20.6 mm） were observed by CT scanning at different time under identical parameter settings. The growth of nGGO was analyzed by three radiologists by comparing the thin slice （TS） CT images of initial and repeat scans with side-by-side cine mode. One week later synchronized VR images of the two scans were compared by side-by-side cine mode to evaluate the nGGO growth. The nodule growth was rated on a 5-degree scale： notable growth, slight growth, dubious growth, stagnant growth, shrinkage. Growth standard was defined as： Density increase 〉 30 HU and （or） diameter increase （by 20% in nodules 〉_10 mm, 30% in nodules of 5-9 mm）. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） was performed. The results showed that 32 nGGOs met the growth criteria （29 nGGOs showed an increase in density; 1 nGGO showed an increase in diameter; 2 nGGOs showed an increase in both diameter and density）. Area under ROC curve revealed that the performance with VR interpretation was better than that with TS interpretation （P〈0.01, P〈0.05 and P〈0.05 for observers A, B and C respectively）. Consistency between different observers was excellent with both VR interpretation （κ=0.89 for observers A＆C A＆B, B＆C） and TS interpretation （κ=0.71 for A＆B, κ=0.68 for A＆C, κ=0.74 for B＆C）, but time spending was less with VR interpretation than with TS interpretation （P〈0.0001, P〈0.0001 and P〈0.05 for observers A, B and C, respectively）. It was concluded that VR is a useful technique for evaluating the growth of nGGO.展开更多
A screened hydrogenic model for 1 splitting （SHML） is used to calculate the Rosseland mean opacities of high-Z Au, Ta, Yb, Ho, C-d, Sm, Nd, Sn, Ag plasmas and mixtures of gold and these elements at high temperature ...A screened hydrogenic model for 1 splitting （SHML） is used to calculate the Rosseland mean opacities of high-Z Au, Ta, Yb, Ho, C-d, Sm, Nd, Sn, Ag plasmas and mixtures of gold and these elements at high temperature （ T = 200 - 400 eV） and dense （ρ= 1 g/cm^3）. From the calculated Rosseland mean opacities of the mixtures, Au-Nd seems to be a better choice than other mixtures. Simultaneously, the reason that the mean opacities of mixture of Au-Sn decrease slightly when T = 400 eV is analyzed.展开更多
Cosmic opacity and its spatial distribution have been constrained with a model independent method. The average opacity of the universe is not zero, but can be zero in the 1σ error range. The bestfit value of the spat...Cosmic opacity and its spatial distribution have been constrained with a model independent method. The average opacity of the universe is not zero, but can be zero in the 1σ error range. The bestfit value of the spatial distribution of cosmic opacity is not a constant as the redshift varies, though a homogeneous and transparent universe is favored in the 2σ error range.展开更多
The SiS molecule,which plays a significant role in space,has attracted a great deal of attention for many years.Due to complex interactions among its low-lying electronic states,precise information regarding the molec...The SiS molecule,which plays a significant role in space,has attracted a great deal of attention for many years.Due to complex interactions among its low-lying electronic states,precise information regarding the molecular structure of SiS is limited.To obtain accurate information about the structure of its excited states,the high-precision multireference configuration interaction(MRCI)method has been utilized.This method is used to calculate the potential energy curves(PECs)of the 18Λ–S states corresponding to the lowest dissociation limit of SiS.The core–valence correlation effect,Davidson’s correction and the scalar relativistic effect are also included to guarantee the precision of the MRCI calculation.Based on the calculated PECs,the spectroscopic constants of quasi-bound and bound electronic states are calculated and they are in accordance with previous experimental results.The transition dipole moments(TDMs)and dipole moments(DMs)are determined by the MRCI method.In addition,the abrupt variations of the DMs for the 1^(5)Σ^(+)and 2^(5)Σ^(+)states at the avoided crossing point are attributed to the variation of the electronic configuration.The opacity of SiS at a pressure of 100 atms is presented across a series of temperatures.With increasing temperature,the expanding population of excited states blurs the band boundaries.展开更多
Lipooligosacharide（LOS） of Neisseria gonorrhoeae（gonococci, GC） is involved in the interaction of GC with host cells. Deletion of the alpha-oligosaccharide（alpha-OS） moiety of LOS（lgt F mutant） significantly i...Lipooligosacharide（LOS） of Neisseria gonorrhoeae（gonococci, GC） is involved in the interaction of GC with host cells. Deletion of the alpha-oligosaccharide（alpha-OS） moiety of LOS（lgt F mutant） significantly impairs invasion of GC into epithelial cell lines. GC opacity（Opa） proteins, such as Opa I, mediate phagocytosis and stimulate chemiluminescence responses in neutrophils in part through interaction with members of the carcinoembryonic antigen（CEA） family, which includes CEACAM3（CD66d）, a human neutrophil specific receptor for phagocytosis of bacteria. In the present work, we examined the effects of Opa I-expressing lgt F mutant on phagocytosis by He La-CEACAM3 cells and chemiluminescence responses in neutrophils. The results showed that lgt F mutant even expressing Opa I completely lost the ability to promote either phagocytosis mediated by CEACAM3 interaction in He La cells or chemiluminescence responses in neutrophils. These data indicated that Opa proteins in the lgt F mutant, which might result from the conformational change, cannot be functional.展开更多
文摘Honeycombing Lung(HCL)is a chronic lung condition marked by advanced fibrosis,resulting in enlarged air spaces with thick fibrotic walls,which are visible on Computed Tomography(CT)scans.Differentiating between normal lung tissue,honeycombing lungs,and Ground Glass Opacity(GGO)in CT images is often challenging for radiologists and may lead to misinterpretations.Although earlier studies have proposed models to detect and classify HCL,many faced limitations such as high computational demands,lower accuracy,and difficulty distinguishing between HCL and GGO.CT images are highly effective for lung classification due to their high resolution,3D visualization,and sensitivity to tissue density variations.This study introduces Honeycombing Lungs Network(HCL Net),a novel classification algorithm inspired by ResNet50V2 and enhanced to overcome the shortcomings of previous approaches.HCL Net incorporates additional residual blocks,refined preprocessing techniques,and selective parameter tuning to improve classification performance.The dataset,sourced from the University Malaya Medical Centre(UMMC)and verified by expert radiologists,consists of CT images of normal,honeycombing,and GGO lungs.Experimental evaluations across five assessments demonstrated that HCL Net achieved an outstanding classification accuracy of approximately 99.97%.It also recorded strong performance in other metrics,achieving 93%precision,100%sensitivity,89%specificity,and an AUC-ROC score of 97%.Comparative analysis with baseline feature engineering methods confirmed the superior efficacy of HCL Net.The model significantly reduces misclassification,particularly between honeycombing and GGO lungs,enhancing diagnostic precision and reliability in lung image analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61903274,61873342,61973175the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.18JCQNJC74000。
文摘In some practical applications modeled by discrete-event systems(DES),the observations of events may be no longer deterministic due to sensor faults/failures,packet loss,and/or measurement uncertainties.In this context,it is interesting to reconsider the infinite-step opacity(∞-SO)and K-step opacity(K-SO)of a DES under abnormal conditions as mentioned.In this paper,the authors extend the notions of∞-SO and K-SO defined in the standard setting to the framework of nondeterministic observations(i.e.,the event-observation mechanism is state-dependent and nondeterministic).Obviously,the extended notions of∞-SO and K-SO are more general than the previous standard ones.To effectively verify them,a matrix-based current state estimator in the context of this advanced framework is constructed using the Boolean semi-tensor product(BSTP)technique.Accordingly,the necessary and sufficient conditions for verifying these two extended versions of opacity are provided as well as their complexity analysis.Finally,several examples are given to illustrate the obtained theoretical results.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province(2022A0505030025)the Science and Technology Fund,FDCT,Macao SAR(0064/2021/A2)
文摘This paper addresses the verification of strong currentstate opacity with respect to real-time observations generated from a discrete-event system that is modeled with time labeled Petri nets. The standard current-state opacity cannot completely characterize higher-level security. To ensure the higher-level security requirements of a time-dependent system, we propose a strong version of opacity known as strong current-state opacity. For any path(state-event sequence with time information)π derived from a real-time observation that ends at a secret state, the strong current-state opacity of the real-time observation signifies that there is a non-secret path with the same real-time observation as π. We propose general and non-secret state class graphs, which characterize the general and non-secret states of time-dependent systems, respectively. To capture the observable behavior of non-secret states, a non-secret observer is proposed.Finally, we develop a structure called a real-time concurrent verifier to verify the strong current-state opacity of time labeled Petri nets. This approach is efficient since the real-time concurrent verifier can be constructed by solving a certain number of linear programming problems.
文摘Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestations of intraocular lens (IOL) opacity after cataract surgery through case reports, and to explore its pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment ideas, so as to provide a basis for the early diagnosis and correct treatment of IOL opacity. Methods: The clinical data of one patient diagnosed with IOL opacity and underwent intraocular lens replacement in the Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities in December 2023 were reported. The characteristics of IOL opacity were observed, and the research progress and pathogenesis of IOL opacity were understood by consulting the literature. Results: This patient is the first case of IOL opacity in our hospital. The specific reason is unclear. It is considered to be related to the IOL material. Conclusion: Hydrophilic acrylic IOL is widely used in clinic because of its good histocompatibility. However, due to its hydrophilicity, there are more cases of IOL opacity than other types of IOL. At present, there is no unified conclusion on the etiology and mechanism of IOL opacity. IOL opacity can seriously affect vision and is easily misdiagnosed as a posterior cataract. We should fully disperse the large pupil and carefully observe under the slit lamp. The most effective treatment for this disease is IOL replacement.
基金supported by the Social Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(L23BJY022).
文摘We explored the effects of algorithmic opacity on employees’playing dumb and evasive hiding rather than rationalized hiding.We examined the mediating role of job insecurity and the moderating role of employee-AI collaboration.Participants were 421 full-time employees(female=46.32%,junior employees=31.83%)from a variety of organizations and industries that interact with AI.Employees filled out data on algorithm opacity,job insecurity,knowledge hiding,employee-AI collaboration,and control variables.The results of the structural equation modeling indicated that algorithm opacity exacerbated employees’job insecurity,and job insecurity mediated between algorithm opacity and playing dumb and evasive hiding rather than rationalized hiding.The relationship between algorithmic opacity and playing dumb and evasive hiding was more positive when the level of employee-AI collaboration was higher.These findings suggest that employee-AI collaboration reinforces the indirect relationship between algorithmic opacity and playing dumb and evasive hiding.Our study contributes to research on human and AI collaboration by exploring the dark side of employee-AI collaboration.
文摘Corneal opacity is one of the most commonly used parameters for estimating postmortem interval （PMI）. This paper proposes a new method to study the relationship between changes of corneal opacity and PMI by processing and analyzing cornea images. Corneal regions were extracted from images of rabbits＇ eyes and described by color-based and texture-based features, which could represent the changes of cornea at different PMI. A KNN classifier was used to reveal the association of image features and PMI. The result of the classification showed that the new method was reliable and effective.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81470617 No.81270988+2 种基金 No.81371003)Youth Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81600717)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.201602851)
文摘AIM: To study whether specific anesthetic drugs or tear layer evaporation was primarily responsible for the acute cataract and what the change of lens structure is in anesthetized mice.METHODS: Five groups were set up in the experiment: Group A(topicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop+ chloral hydrate), Group B(tropicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop+sevoflurane), Group C(tropicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop), Group D(topicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop+chloral hydrate, carbomer eye drop in the right eyes), and Group E(tropicamide and phenylephrine mixed eye drop+sevoflurane, carbomer eye drop in the right eyes). A simple classification system was used to assess the severity of lens opacity. And a numerical value from 0 to 3 to each grade was assigned for the cataract index calculation and data analysis. The gross appearance and time course of development of lens opacity were assessed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the lens structure changes in the reversible cataract.RESULTS: Tropicamide did not induce lens opacification in mice. Lens opacity caused by inhaled sevoflurane was similar to injected cholral hydrate. Both inhaled-anestheticinduced lens opacity and injected-anesthetic-induced lens opacity could be prevented by carbomer eye drop. In the severe opacity lens, a wide range of lens fiber cell structure had disordered. The fiber cells became uneven thickness.CONCLUSION: The acute reversible lens opacity can unilaterally develop or be induced by a local cause. The structure of lens fiber cells changed in the lens opacity which may influence the permanent connection of the lens fiber cells. This study was not only of practical significance to help maintain lens transparency for eye research, but also of the deeper consideration about the reversible lens opacification phenomenon.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the clinical and imaging features of ground glass opacity(GGO)localized using a preoperative Hook-wire guidewire and postoperative pathology.Method:Preoperative Hook-wire guidewire localization was performed in 83 patients with GGO less than 2 cm,and their clinical data,imaging data,and postoperative pathology findings were retrospectively analyzed.The images were classified as pure GGO(pGGO) or mixed GGO(mGGO).The relationship between clinical and imaging features and postoperative pathology was analyzed.Result:The 83 cases were colocalized,and the success rate of the guidewire positioning was 100%.Complications included pneumothorax(19.2% [16/83]) and the incidence of minor bleeding(30.2 [25/83]).Forty-seven patients had mGGO and 36 had pGGO.Among the 47 cases of mGGO,18(38.3%) were invasive adenocarcinoma(IAC),18(38.3%) were microinvasive adenocarcinoma(MIA),8(17.0%) were adenocarcinoma in situ(AIS),2(4.3%) were atypical adenomatous hyperplasia(AAH),and 1(2.1%) was benign.Among the 36 cases of pGGO,6(16.7%) were IAC,13(36.1%) were MIA,8(22.2%) were AIS,2(5.6%) were AAH,and 7(19.4%) cases were benign lesions.A significantly higher proportion of patients with IAC had mGGO than pGGO(21.7% vs.7.2%,respectively;p=0.004).Among patients with mGGO,a higher proportion of them had a nodule diameter of ≥1 cm than those with a diameter of <1 cm(25.5% vs.12.8%,respectively;p=0.003).There was no significant difference in age,location distribution,or pathological type.Conclusion: Preoperative CT-guided Hook-wire guidewire positioning was safe with minor complications.A significantly higher proportion of patients with IAC had mGGO than pGGO.Patients with mGGO and a nodule diameter ≥1 cm require active treatment.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2019C03046)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant(No.LQ20H120007)。
文摘AIM:To report the safety,efficacy,and accuracy of small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)or femtosecondassisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)for the correction of myopia or myopic astigmatism in patients with deep corneal opacity denoted by anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT).METHODS:Four patients with monocular corneal opacity(3 due to mechanical injury,1 due to a firecracker wound)were recruited and treated with refractive surgery(3 for SMILE,1 for FS-LASIK combined with limbal relaxing incision(LRI).Preoperative ocular manifestations,surgical details,postoperative visual outcomes,corneal opacity parameters,and corneal topography were analyzed.RESULTS:Preoperatively,spherical diopter ranged from-3.0 D to-4.75 D with cylinder ranging from-0.75 to-5.0 D,and corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)ranging from 20/25 to 20/20.One eye’s corneal opacity was located in the central zone and three were in the mid-peripheral optical zone.Three patients underwent uneventful SMILE in both eyes,whilst one patient underwent FS-LASIK for high astigmatism in both eyes and LRI in the right eye.CDVA of the eye with corneal opacity ranged from 20/22to 20/20 one to six weeks postoperatively.Two patients achieved better CDVA and no patients lost Snellen lines.The postoperative diopter was within±0.75 D for all eyes.Significant edema existed above the corneal opacity in one eye and dissipated soon.No eccentric corneal topography or morphological anomaly of the corneal cap or flap was observed.CONCLUSION:The cases demonstrate that SMILE or FS-LASIK is safe and effective to treat myopic astigmatism combined with deep corneal opacity lesions after comprehensive preoperative evaluation and appropriate candidate selection.FS-LASIK combined with LRI is also sufficient for correcting high astigmatism due to corneal scarring.
文摘Based on the detailed configuration accounting (DCA) model, a method is developed to include the resonant photoionization and the excitation-autoionization in the non-local thermodynamical equilibrium (NLTE) average atom (AA) model. Using this new model, the mean charge states and the opacity are calculated for NLTE high- plasmas and compared with other results. The agreement with AA model is poor at low electron density. The present results agree well with those of DCA model within 10%. The calculations show that the NLTE effects on opacity are strong.
文摘AIM:To obtain the diagnostic performance of percu-taneous transthoracic needle biopsy(PTNB)under Computed tomography(CT)fuoroscopy guidance for lung ground-glass opacity(GGO).METHODS:We searched for English-and Chinese-language studies in PubMed,EMBASE,EBSCO,OVID,and CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure)database.Data were calculated with Meta-Disc version 1.4 and Rev Man version 5.2 software.From the pooled data,we calculated sensitivity(Sen),specificity(Spe),positive likelihood ratio(+LR),negative likelihood ratio(-LR),and diagnostic odds ratio(DOR).Summary receiver operating characteristic(SROC)curves were constructed and incidence of complications was recorded.RESULTS:Four documents included in this present meta-analysis met the criteria for analysis.The pooled Sen,Spe,+LR,-LR and DOR with 95%CI were 0.91(0.86-0.95),1.0(0.91-1.0),18.64(4.83-71.93),0.11(0.05-0.26)and 153.17(30.78-762.33),respectively.The area under the SROC curve was 0.98.The incidence of pneumothorax and hemoptysis was 17.86%-51.80%and 10.50%-19.40%,respectively.CONCLUSION:CT fuoroscopy-guided PTNB,which has an acceptable incidence of complications,can be used as a primary examination method for lung GGO,with moderate sensitivity and specifcity.
文摘Microfibrillated cellulose(MFC)was obtained by mechanical grinding of different pulps.MFC-modified ground calcium carbonate(GCC)was prepared in two different ways,designated MFC-GCC composite filler and MFC-GCC flocs filler.The opacity of pulp handsheets loaded with MFCmodified GCC was measured.The effects of MFC originated from different pulps,pretreatment method,and filler modification on the opacity of handsheets loaded with MFC-modified GCC were discussed.The results show that MFC originated from alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp(APMP)was optimal for improving the opacity of the handsheets and PFI grinding pretreatment for MFC provided a denser structure in the corresponding MFCAPMP-GCC floc filler while enzyme pretreatment was more effective in increasing the opacity of the filled paper.Under the experimental conditions,the opacity of handsheets increased from 81.0%to 82.7%when the unmodified GCC was replaced by an equivalent amount of MFCAPMP-GCC composite filler,while other properties were unchanged.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11205047)
文摘In this paper, using the intensity ratio between two spectral lines arising from the common lower level, we determine the optical depth of the solar atmosphere of CIV emission lines. The optical depth at the line center of the （1/2-3/2） component is calculated to be 0.05 at the center of the solar disc. By introducing a measured abundance of carbon and the results of ionization balance calculations, we estimate the line-of-sight physical thickness of the regions emitting CIV lines as Heff = 27 km, and we estimate the population density of the lower level to be 1.8 × 106 cm-3 .
基金supported by a grant from the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province of China(No.2009B030801120)
文摘This study examined the value of volume rendering （VR） interpretation in assessing the growth of pulmonary nodular ground-glass opacity （nGGO）. A total of 47 nGGOs （average size, 9.5 mm; range, 5.7-20.6 mm） were observed by CT scanning at different time under identical parameter settings. The growth of nGGO was analyzed by three radiologists by comparing the thin slice （TS） CT images of initial and repeat scans with side-by-side cine mode. One week later synchronized VR images of the two scans were compared by side-by-side cine mode to evaluate the nGGO growth. The nodule growth was rated on a 5-degree scale： notable growth, slight growth, dubious growth, stagnant growth, shrinkage. Growth standard was defined as： Density increase 〉 30 HU and （or） diameter increase （by 20% in nodules 〉_10 mm, 30% in nodules of 5-9 mm）. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） was performed. The results showed that 32 nGGOs met the growth criteria （29 nGGOs showed an increase in density; 1 nGGO showed an increase in diameter; 2 nGGOs showed an increase in both diameter and density）. Area under ROC curve revealed that the performance with VR interpretation was better than that with TS interpretation （P〈0.01, P〈0.05 and P〈0.05 for observers A, B and C respectively）. Consistency between different observers was excellent with both VR interpretation （κ=0.89 for observers A＆C A＆B, B＆C） and TS interpretation （κ=0.71 for A＆B, κ=0.68 for A＆C, κ=0.74 for B＆C）, but time spending was less with VR interpretation than with TS interpretation （P〈0.0001, P〈0.0001 and P〈0.05 for observers A, B and C, respectively）. It was concluded that VR is a useful technique for evaluating the growth of nGGO.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10274055) the Natural Science Foundation of Southwest Universityfor Nation-alities of China (06NY003)
文摘A screened hydrogenic model for 1 splitting （SHML） is used to calculate the Rosseland mean opacities of high-Z Au, Ta, Yb, Ho, C-d, Sm, Nd, Sn, Ag plasmas and mixtures of gold and these elements at high temperature （ T = 200 - 400 eV） and dense （ρ= 1 g/cm^3）. From the calculated Rosseland mean opacities of the mixtures, Au-Nd seems to be a better choice than other mixtures. Simultaneously, the reason that the mean opacities of mixture of Au-Sn decrease slightly when T = 400 eV is analyzed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11465011)the Foundation of Kaili University of Guizhou of China (Grant No. BS201326)+1 种基金the Foundation of Department of Science and Technology of Guizhou Province of China (Grant No. J[2014]2150)the Visiting Scholars Program of Western China
文摘Cosmic opacity and its spatial distribution have been constrained with a model independent method. The average opacity of the universe is not zero, but can be zero in the 1σ error range. The bestfit value of the spatial distribution of cosmic opacity is not a constant as the redshift varies, though a homogeneous and transparent universe is favored in the 2σ error range.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(Grant No.LH2022A026)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1602500)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11934004)Fundamental Research Funds in Heilongjiang Province Universities,China(Grant No.145109309)Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics(Grant No.6142A05QN22006)。
文摘The SiS molecule,which plays a significant role in space,has attracted a great deal of attention for many years.Due to complex interactions among its low-lying electronic states,precise information regarding the molecular structure of SiS is limited.To obtain accurate information about the structure of its excited states,the high-precision multireference configuration interaction(MRCI)method has been utilized.This method is used to calculate the potential energy curves(PECs)of the 18Λ–S states corresponding to the lowest dissociation limit of SiS.The core–valence correlation effect,Davidson’s correction and the scalar relativistic effect are also included to guarantee the precision of the MRCI calculation.Based on the calculated PECs,the spectroscopic constants of quasi-bound and bound electronic states are calculated and they are in accordance with previous experimental results.The transition dipole moments(TDMs)and dipole moments(DMs)are determined by the MRCI method.In addition,the abrupt variations of the DMs for the 1^(5)Σ^(+)and 2^(5)Σ^(+)states at the avoided crossing point are attributed to the variation of the electronic configuration.The opacity of SiS at a pressure of 100 atms is presented across a series of temperatures.With increasing temperature,the expanding population of excited states blurs the band boundaries.
基金partly supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81171495 and No.81271780)the Youth Chenguang Project of Science and Technology of Wuhan City of China(No.2015071704011621)
文摘Lipooligosacharide（LOS） of Neisseria gonorrhoeae（gonococci, GC） is involved in the interaction of GC with host cells. Deletion of the alpha-oligosaccharide（alpha-OS） moiety of LOS（lgt F mutant） significantly impairs invasion of GC into epithelial cell lines. GC opacity（Opa） proteins, such as Opa I, mediate phagocytosis and stimulate chemiluminescence responses in neutrophils in part through interaction with members of the carcinoembryonic antigen（CEA） family, which includes CEACAM3（CD66d）, a human neutrophil specific receptor for phagocytosis of bacteria. In the present work, we examined the effects of Opa I-expressing lgt F mutant on phagocytosis by He La-CEACAM3 cells and chemiluminescence responses in neutrophils. The results showed that lgt F mutant even expressing Opa I completely lost the ability to promote either phagocytosis mediated by CEACAM3 interaction in He La cells or chemiluminescence responses in neutrophils. These data indicated that Opa proteins in the lgt F mutant, which might result from the conformational change, cannot be functional.
