The purpose of this paper is to present an extended topology optimization method for the stiffeners layout design of aircraft assembled structures. Multi-fastener joint loads and manufacturing constraints are consider...The purpose of this paper is to present an extended topology optimization method for the stiffeners layout design of aircraft assembled structures. Multi-fastener joint loads and manufacturing constraints are considered simultaneously. On one hand, the joint loads are calculated and constrained within a limited value to avoid the failure of fasteners. On the other hand, the manufacturing constraints of the material distribution in the machining directions of stiffeners are implemented by an improved piecewise interpolation based on a beveled cut-surface. It is proven that the objective function is strictly continuous and differentiable with respect to the piecewise interpolation. The effects of the extended method with two different constraints are highlighted by typical numerical examples. Compared with the standard topology optimization, the final designs have clearly shown the layout of stiffeners and the joint loads have been perfectly constrained to a satisfying level.展开更多
This paper presents an extended topology optimization approach considering joint load constraints with geo-metrical nonlinearity in design of assembled structures.The geometrical nonlinearity is firstly included to re...This paper presents an extended topology optimization approach considering joint load constraints with geo-metrical nonlinearity in design of assembled structures.The geometrical nonlinearity is firstly included to reflect the structural response and the joint load distribution under large deformation.To avoid a failure of fastener joints,topology optimization is then carried out to minimize the structural end compliance in the equilibrium state while controlling joint loads intensities over fasteners.During nonlinear analysis and optimization,a novel implementation of adjoint vector sensitivity analysis along with super element condensation is introduced to address numerical instability issues.The degrees of freedom of weak regions are condensed so that their influences are excluded from the iterative Newton-Raphson(NR)solution.Numerical examples are presented to validate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method.The effects of joint load constraints and geometrical nonlinearity are highlighted by comparing numerical optimization results.展开更多
Impact-induced damage to jointed rock masses has important consequences in various mining and civil engineering applications. This paper reports a numerical investigation to address the responses of jointed rock masse...Impact-induced damage to jointed rock masses has important consequences in various mining and civil engineering applications. This paper reports a numerical investigation to address the responses of jointed rock masses subjected to impact loading. It also focuses on the static and dynamic properties of an intact rock derived from a series of laboratory tests on meta-sandstone samples from a quarry in Nova Scotia, Canada. A distinct element code(PFC2D) was used to generate a bonded particle model(BPM) to simulate both the static and dynamic properties of the intact rock. The calibrated BPM was then used to construct large-scale jointed rock mass samples by incorporating discrete joint networks of multiple joint intensities into the intact rock matrix represented by the BPM. Finally, the impact-induced damage inflicted by a rigid projectile particle on the jointed rock mass samples was determined through the use of the numerical model. The simulation results show that joints play an important role in the impactinduced rock mass damage where higher joint intensity results in more damage to the rock mass. This is mainly attributed to variations of stress wave propagation in jointed rock masses as compared to intact rock devoid of joints.展开更多
The changes in mechanical properties and fracture toughness by dynamic loading were investigated with experiments. The parameter R, which can reflect the effect of the loading rate and the temperature rising during th...The changes in mechanical properties and fracture toughness by dynamic loading were investigated with experiments. The parameter R, which can reflect the effect of the loading rate and the temperature rising during the high loading rate, could be employed to describe the constituent relation for the typical structure steel and its weld metal. The dynamic loading effect on the stress/strain fields and the temperature variation in the vicinity of the crack tip was analyzed by the finite element method, the dynamic fracture behavior was evaluated based on the local approach. It has been found that the Weibull stress is an effective fracture parameter, independent of the temperature and the loading rate.展开更多
Cruciform joints in ships are prone to fatigue damage and the determination of type of weld plays a significant role in thefatigue design of the joint. In this paper, the effect of weld geometry on fatigue failure of ...Cruciform joints in ships are prone to fatigue damage and the determination of type of weld plays a significant role in thefatigue design of the joint. In this paper, the effect of weld geometry on fatigue failure of load carrying cruciform joints inships is investigated using Effective Notch Stress (ENS) approach. A fictitious notch of 1 mm radius is introduced at theweld root and toe and fatigue stress is evaluated. The effect of weld leg length (l) and weld penetration depth (p) on ENS atweld root and toe are determined. The critical weld leg length (lcr) at which fatigue failure transitions from weld root toweld toe is investigated. An approximation formula for determination of the critical weld leg length considering weldpenetration depth (p) is proposed.展开更多
To improve the bending load-carrying capacity （ BLCC） of under-matched butt joint under four-point bending load in the elastic stage, the shape design of the reinforcement is studied based on the theoretics of mecha...To improve the bending load-carrying capacity （ BLCC） of under-matched butt joint under four-point bending load in the elastic stage, the shape design of the reinforcement is studied based on the theoretics of mechanics of materials. The concept, criterion, realization condition and design proposal of equal bending load-carrying capacity （EBLCC） are put forward. The theoretical analysis results have been verified by the finite element method. The simulation results are coincident basically with the ones of theoretical analysis. The research results show that the shape design of the reinforcement of EBLCC can improve BLCC of under-matched butt joint and the unilateral-side type reinforcement can replace double-side symmetry展开更多
Ice load is one of the most important factors for design of marine stuctures in cold sea area.The designcriteria of ice loads for marine structures consist of two parts: level ice thickness and crushing strength. Due ...Ice load is one of the most important factors for design of marine stuctures in cold sea area.The designcriteria of ice loads for marine structures consist of two parts: level ice thickness and crushing strength. Due to thestrong randomness of the affecting factors on ice thickness and crushing strength, such as ice temperature,air temperature, water temperature,salinity,wind field, numerical simulation method method can not produce satisfactory results. Thispaper proposes a method of uncertainty analysis and joint probabilistic prediction of level ice thickness and crushingstrength instead of traditional ice load criteria for marine structures.展开更多
The authors show the results of a study conducted on a joint connecting a concrete column to a composite steel concrete floor,subjected to tension on the beams as a result of the decomposition of sagging bending momen...The authors show the results of a study conducted on a joint connecting a concrete column to a composite steel concrete floor,subjected to tension on the beams as a result of the decomposition of sagging bending moment.The beam to column connection is achieved by means of headed studs welded to the beam and embedded in the concrete cast.Five different configurations have been tested at failure and the results are compared to formulae proposed in literature.Different degrees of ductility,reliability and strength have been obtained varying geometry and reinforcement ratio on the joints tested.展开更多
This paper analyses the seismic performance of exterior beam-column joints strengthened with unconventional reinforcement detailing. The beam-column joint specimens were tested with reverse cyclic loading applied at t...This paper analyses the seismic performance of exterior beam-column joints strengthened with unconventional reinforcement detailing. The beam-column joint specimens were tested with reverse cyclic loading applied at the beam end. The samples were divided into two groups based on the joint reinforcement detailing. The first group (Group A) of three non-ductility specimens had joint detailing in accordance with the construction code of practice in India IS456-2000, and the second group (Group B) of three ductility specimens had joint reinforcement detailed as per IS13920-1993, with similar axial load cases as the first group. The experimental studies are proven with the analytical studies carried out by finite element models using ANSYS. The results show that the hysteresis simulation is satisfactory for both un-strengthened and ferrocement strengthened specimens. Furthermore, when ferrocement strengthening is employed, the strengthened beam-column joints exhibit better structural performance than the un-strengthened specimens of about 31.56% and 38.98 for DD-T1 and DD-T2 respectively. The analytical shear strength predictions were in line with the test results reported in the literature, thus adding confidence to the validity of the proposed models.展开更多
The joining of Al/steel dissimilar metals has emerged as a critical challenge in automotive lightweight design.The sound Al/steel lap configuration joints were achieved via the new welding technology,i.e.,the rotating...The joining of Al/steel dissimilar metals has emerged as a critical challenge in automotive lightweight design.The sound Al/steel lap configuration joints were achieved via the new welding technology,i.e.,the rotating laser welding method,with the inserted Cu foil interlayer.The interfacial temperature fields of the obtained joints were accurately predicted by finite element simulation.The results indicate that the heat concentration effect at the interface was generated via the rotating laser,and the temperature difference of the laser direct irradiation area,the middle area,and the welding toe region was controlled to 100°C.Besides,the inserted Cu interlayer significantly optimized interfacial metallurgical reactions,resulting in the formation of a uniform composite interface layer consisting ofθ-(Fe,Cu)_(4)Al_(13),a-Al,and Al_(2)Cu.The thermodynamic calculations elucidated the sequential phase evolution:the Al-Fe binary system was generated first,and then followed by the Al-Cu binary system in the welding process.The final joint line load was enhanced with the inserted rotating laser.When the rotating diameter was 1 mm and the thickness of Cu interlayer was 10μm,the joint line load reached the maximum value of 297 N/mm.展开更多
The behavior of Beam-Column Joints in moment resisting frame structures are susceptible to damage caused by seismic effects due to poor performance of the joint.A good number of researches were carried out to understa...The behavior of Beam-Column Joints in moment resisting frame structures are susceptible to damage caused by seismic effects due to poor performance of the joint.A good number of researches were carried out to understand the complex mechanism of RC joints which are considered in seismic design code practices presently adopted.The traditional construction detailing of transverse reinforcement have shown serious joint failure. This paper introduces a new design philosophy involving the use of additional diagonal bars within the joint particularly suitable for low to medium seismic effects in earthquake zones throughout the world.In lieu to this study,ten(10) full-scale interior beam-column specimens were constructed with various additional reinforcement details and configurations as will be discussed in the later.The experiment provided adequate results to proof the idea of additional bars as suitable approach in reinforced concrete structures where earthquake is eminent.While compared with overall cracking observation during the test,the specimen with additional bars (diagonal and straight) had shown few cracks on the column than the ones without.Furthermore,concrete confinement is certainly an important design method as recommended by certain international codes.展开更多
Offshore platforms are always subjected to wave action which is random variable amplitude cyclic loading. In order to simulate the stressing condition at the 'hot spot' of the tubular joints and the marine env...Offshore platforms are always subjected to wave action which is random variable amplitude cyclic loading. In order to simulate the stressing condition at the 'hot spot' of the tubular joints and the marine environment, random variable amplitude fatigue tests have been carried out on welded plate joints in sea water. The tests have been conducted under the conditions of loading frequency of 0.2 Hz/, stress ratio of -1, seawater temperature of about 20°C and cathodic protection with the potential about -850 mV, SCE. The test results have been compared with the seawater corrosion fatigue life under constant amplitude loading. Miner's linear cumulative damage summation rule has been used to predict the corrosion fatigue life under variable amplitude loading. The predicted life is in good agreement with the test data.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11432011, 11620101002)National key research and development program of China (No. 2017YFB1102800)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi, China (No. S2017-ZDYF-ZDXM-GY-0035)
文摘The purpose of this paper is to present an extended topology optimization method for the stiffeners layout design of aircraft assembled structures. Multi-fastener joint loads and manufacturing constraints are considered simultaneously. On one hand, the joint loads are calculated and constrained within a limited value to avoid the failure of fasteners. On the other hand, the manufacturing constraints of the material distribution in the machining directions of stiffeners are implemented by an improved piecewise interpolation based on a beveled cut-surface. It is proven that the objective function is strictly continuous and differentiable with respect to the piecewise interpolation. The effects of the extended method with two different constraints are highlighted by typical numerical examples. Compared with the standard topology optimization, the final designs have clearly shown the layout of stiffeners and the joint loads have been perfectly constrained to a satisfying level.
基金co-supported by National Key Research and Development Program(No.2017YFB1102800)NSFC for Excellent Young Scholars(No.11722219)Key Project of NSFC(Nos.51790171,5171101743,51735005,11620101002,and 11432011).
文摘This paper presents an extended topology optimization approach considering joint load constraints with geo-metrical nonlinearity in design of assembled structures.The geometrical nonlinearity is firstly included to reflect the structural response and the joint load distribution under large deformation.To avoid a failure of fastener joints,topology optimization is then carried out to minimize the structural end compliance in the equilibrium state while controlling joint loads intensities over fasteners.During nonlinear analysis and optimization,a novel implementation of adjoint vector sensitivity analysis along with super element condensation is introduced to address numerical instability issues.The degrees of freedom of weak regions are condensed so that their influences are excluded from the iterative Newton-Raphson(NR)solution.Numerical examples are presented to validate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method.The effects of joint load constraints and geometrical nonlinearity are highlighted by comparing numerical optimization results.
基金the financial support provided by Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Grant No: RGPIN-2014-03992
文摘Impact-induced damage to jointed rock masses has important consequences in various mining and civil engineering applications. This paper reports a numerical investigation to address the responses of jointed rock masses subjected to impact loading. It also focuses on the static and dynamic properties of an intact rock derived from a series of laboratory tests on meta-sandstone samples from a quarry in Nova Scotia, Canada. A distinct element code(PFC2D) was used to generate a bonded particle model(BPM) to simulate both the static and dynamic properties of the intact rock. The calibrated BPM was then used to construct large-scale jointed rock mass samples by incorporating discrete joint networks of multiple joint intensities into the intact rock matrix represented by the BPM. Finally, the impact-induced damage inflicted by a rigid projectile particle on the jointed rock mass samples was determined through the use of the numerical model. The simulation results show that joints play an important role in the impactinduced rock mass damage where higher joint intensity results in more damage to the rock mass. This is mainly attributed to variations of stress wave propagation in jointed rock masses as compared to intact rock devoid of joints.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.50275107 Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation No.81405.
文摘The changes in mechanical properties and fracture toughness by dynamic loading were investigated with experiments. The parameter R, which can reflect the effect of the loading rate and the temperature rising during the high loading rate, could be employed to describe the constituent relation for the typical structure steel and its weld metal. The dynamic loading effect on the stress/strain fields and the temperature variation in the vicinity of the crack tip was analyzed by the finite element method, the dynamic fracture behavior was evaluated based on the local approach. It has been found that the Weibull stress is an effective fracture parameter, independent of the temperature and the loading rate.
文摘Cruciform joints in ships are prone to fatigue damage and the determination of type of weld plays a significant role in thefatigue design of the joint. In this paper, the effect of weld geometry on fatigue failure of load carrying cruciform joints inships is investigated using Effective Notch Stress (ENS) approach. A fictitious notch of 1 mm radius is introduced at theweld root and toe and fatigue stress is evaluated. The effect of weld leg length (l) and weld penetration depth (p) on ENS atweld root and toe are determined. The critical weld leg length (lcr) at which fatigue failure transitions from weld root toweld toe is investigated. An approximation formula for determination of the critical weld leg length considering weldpenetration depth (p) is proposed.
文摘To improve the bending load-carrying capacity （ BLCC） of under-matched butt joint under four-point bending load in the elastic stage, the shape design of the reinforcement is studied based on the theoretics of mechanics of materials. The concept, criterion, realization condition and design proposal of equal bending load-carrying capacity （EBLCC） are put forward. The theoretical analysis results have been verified by the finite element method. The simulation results are coincident basically with the ones of theoretical analysis. The research results show that the shape design of the reinforcement of EBLCC can improve BLCC of under-matched butt joint and the unilateral-side type reinforcement can replace double-side symmetry
文摘Ice load is one of the most important factors for design of marine stuctures in cold sea area.The designcriteria of ice loads for marine structures consist of two parts: level ice thickness and crushing strength. Due to thestrong randomness of the affecting factors on ice thickness and crushing strength, such as ice temperature,air temperature, water temperature,salinity,wind field, numerical simulation method method can not produce satisfactory results. Thispaper proposes a method of uncertainty analysis and joint probabilistic prediction of level ice thickness and crushingstrength instead of traditional ice load criteria for marine structures.
文摘The authors show the results of a study conducted on a joint connecting a concrete column to a composite steel concrete floor,subjected to tension on the beams as a result of the decomposition of sagging bending moment.The beam to column connection is achieved by means of headed studs welded to the beam and embedded in the concrete cast.Five different configurations have been tested at failure and the results are compared to formulae proposed in literature.Different degrees of ductility,reliability and strength have been obtained varying geometry and reinforcement ratio on the joints tested.
文摘This paper analyses the seismic performance of exterior beam-column joints strengthened with unconventional reinforcement detailing. The beam-column joint specimens were tested with reverse cyclic loading applied at the beam end. The samples were divided into two groups based on the joint reinforcement detailing. The first group (Group A) of three non-ductility specimens had joint detailing in accordance with the construction code of practice in India IS456-2000, and the second group (Group B) of three ductility specimens had joint reinforcement detailed as per IS13920-1993, with similar axial load cases as the first group. The experimental studies are proven with the analytical studies carried out by finite element models using ANSYS. The results show that the hysteresis simulation is satisfactory for both un-strengthened and ferrocement strengthened specimens. Furthermore, when ferrocement strengthening is employed, the strengthened beam-column joints exhibit better structural performance than the un-strengthened specimens of about 31.56% and 38.98 for DD-T1 and DD-T2 respectively. The analytical shear strength predictions were in line with the test results reported in the literature, thus adding confidence to the validity of the proposed models.
基金co-supported by the One Hundred Person Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y60707WR47)the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang,China(No.2024R01004)the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo,China(No.2025Z016)。
文摘The joining of Al/steel dissimilar metals has emerged as a critical challenge in automotive lightweight design.The sound Al/steel lap configuration joints were achieved via the new welding technology,i.e.,the rotating laser welding method,with the inserted Cu foil interlayer.The interfacial temperature fields of the obtained joints were accurately predicted by finite element simulation.The results indicate that the heat concentration effect at the interface was generated via the rotating laser,and the temperature difference of the laser direct irradiation area,the middle area,and the welding toe region was controlled to 100°C.Besides,the inserted Cu interlayer significantly optimized interfacial metallurgical reactions,resulting in the formation of a uniform composite interface layer consisting ofθ-(Fe,Cu)_(4)Al_(13),a-Al,and Al_(2)Cu.The thermodynamic calculations elucidated the sequential phase evolution:the Al-Fe binary system was generated first,and then followed by the Al-Cu binary system in the welding process.The final joint line load was enhanced with the inserted rotating laser.When the rotating diameter was 1 mm and the thickness of Cu interlayer was 10μm,the joint line load reached the maximum value of 297 N/mm.
基金Research Institute of Structural Engineering and Seismic Disaster Prevention,Tongji University
文摘The behavior of Beam-Column Joints in moment resisting frame structures are susceptible to damage caused by seismic effects due to poor performance of the joint.A good number of researches were carried out to understand the complex mechanism of RC joints which are considered in seismic design code practices presently adopted.The traditional construction detailing of transverse reinforcement have shown serious joint failure. This paper introduces a new design philosophy involving the use of additional diagonal bars within the joint particularly suitable for low to medium seismic effects in earthquake zones throughout the world.In lieu to this study,ten(10) full-scale interior beam-column specimens were constructed with various additional reinforcement details and configurations as will be discussed in the later.The experiment provided adequate results to proof the idea of additional bars as suitable approach in reinforced concrete structures where earthquake is eminent.While compared with overall cracking observation during the test,the specimen with additional bars (diagonal and straight) had shown few cracks on the column than the ones without.Furthermore,concrete confinement is certainly an important design method as recommended by certain international codes.
文摘Offshore platforms are always subjected to wave action which is random variable amplitude cyclic loading. In order to simulate the stressing condition at the 'hot spot' of the tubular joints and the marine environment, random variable amplitude fatigue tests have been carried out on welded plate joints in sea water. The tests have been conducted under the conditions of loading frequency of 0.2 Hz/, stress ratio of -1, seawater temperature of about 20°C and cathodic protection with the potential about -850 mV, SCE. The test results have been compared with the seawater corrosion fatigue life under constant amplitude loading. Miner's linear cumulative damage summation rule has been used to predict the corrosion fatigue life under variable amplitude loading. The predicted life is in good agreement with the test data.
