This study summarizes the examination data of registration labels for ordinary cosmetics in Beijing from May 2021 to April 2024.It analyzes and categorizes the issues identified during label evaluations,explores the u...This study summarizes the examination data of registration labels for ordinary cosmetics in Beijing from May 2021 to April 2024.It analyzes and categorizes the issues identified during label evaluations,explores the underlying causes,and proposes regulatory countermeasures and recommendations for registrants,regulatory authorities,and social organizations.The objective is to offer practical insights and regulatory guidance to support the enhancement of cosmetic registration and regulatory standards.展开更多
In the last decade, technical advancements and faster Internet speeds have also led to an increasing number ofmobile devices and users. Thus, all contributors to society, whether young or old members, can use these mo...In the last decade, technical advancements and faster Internet speeds have also led to an increasing number ofmobile devices and users. Thus, all contributors to society, whether young or old members, can use these mobileapps. The use of these apps eases our daily lives, and all customers who need any type of service can accessit easily, comfortably, and efficiently through mobile apps. Particularly, Saudi Arabia greatly depends on digitalservices to assist people and visitors. Such mobile devices are used in organizing daily work schedules and services,particularly during two large occasions, Umrah and Hajj. However, pilgrims encounter mobile app issues such asslowness, conflict, unreliability, or user-unfriendliness. Pilgrims comment on these issues on mobile app platformsthrough reviews of their experiences with these digital services. Scholars have made several attempts to solve suchmobile issues by reporting bugs or non-functional requirements by utilizing user comments.However, solving suchissues is a great challenge, and the issues still exist. Therefore, this study aims to propose a hybrid deep learningmodel to classify and predict mobile app software issues encountered by millions of pilgrims during the Hajj andUmrah periods from the user perspective. Firstly, a dataset was constructed using user-generated comments fromrelevant mobile apps using natural language processing methods, including information extraction, the annotationprocess, and pre-processing steps, considering a multi-class classification problem. Then, several experimentswere conducted using common machine learning classifiers, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Long Short-TermMemory (LSTM), and Convolutional Neural Network Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) architectures, toexamine the performance of the proposed model. Results show 96% in F1-score and accuracy, and the proposedmodel outperformed the mentioned models.展开更多
A Recommender System(RS)is a crucial part of several firms,particularly those involved in e-commerce.In conventional RS,a user may only offer a single rating for an item-that is insufficient to perceive consumer prefe...A Recommender System(RS)is a crucial part of several firms,particularly those involved in e-commerce.In conventional RS,a user may only offer a single rating for an item-that is insufficient to perceive consumer preferences.Nowadays,businesses in industries like e-learning and tourism enable customers to rate a product using a variety of factors to comprehend customers’preferences.On the other hand,the collaborative filtering(CF)algorithm utilizing AutoEncoder(AE)is seen to be effective in identifying user-interested items.However,the cost of these computations increases nonlinearly as the number of items and users increases.To triumph over the issues,a novel expanded stacked autoencoder(ESAE)with Kernel Fuzzy C-Means Clustering(KFCM)technique is proposed with two phases.In the first phase of offline,the sparse multicriteria rating matrix is smoothened to a complete matrix by predicting the users’intact rating by the ESAE approach and users are clustered using the KFCM approach.In the next phase of online,the top-N recommendation prediction is made by the ESAE approach involving only the most similar user from multiple clusters.Hence the ESAE_KFCM model upgrades the prediction accuracy of 98.2%in Top-N recommendation with a minimized recommendation generation time.An experimental check on the Yahoo!Movies(YM)movie dataset and TripAdvisor(TA)travel dataset confirmed that the ESAE_KFCM model constantly outperforms conventional RS algorithms on a variety of assessment measures.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries show great potential as an alternative energy storage system,but safety concerns remain a major hurdle to their mass adoption.This paper analyzes the key factors and mechanisms leading to safety i...Sodium-ion batteries show great potential as an alternative energy storage system,but safety concerns remain a major hurdle to their mass adoption.This paper analyzes the key factors and mechanisms leading to safety issues,including thermal runaway,sodium dendrite,internal short circuits,and gas release.Several promising solutions are proposed,such as high-safety electrode materials in the cathode and anode,high-safety electrolytes,and external battery management systems.Here in also we emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate analysis methods and developing reliable failure models while suggesting advanced machine learning tools for analysis.With a comprehensive approach,this study offers valuable recommendations to optimize materials and solutions for improving the safety of sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
The behavior issues of preschoolers are closely related to their parents'parenting styles.This editorial discusses the value and strategies for solving behavior issues in preschoolers from the perspectives of mind...The behavior issues of preschoolers are closely related to their parents'parenting styles.This editorial discusses the value and strategies for solving behavior issues in preschoolers from the perspectives of mindfulness and mindful parenting.We expect that upcoming studies will place greater emphasis on the behavioral concerns of preschoolers and the parenting practices that shape them,particularly focusing on proactive interventions for preschoolers'behavioral issues.展开更多
In response to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and China’s“Dual Carbon”Goals(DCGs means the goals of“Carbon Peak and carbon neutrality”),this paper from the perspective of the construction of Ch...In response to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and China’s“Dual Carbon”Goals(DCGs means the goals of“Carbon Peak and carbon neutrality”),this paper from the perspective of the construction of China’s Innovation Demonstration Zones for Sustainable Development Agenda(IDZSDAs),combines carbon emission-related metrics to construct a comprehensive assessment system for Urban Sustainable Development Capacity(USDC).After obtaining USDC assessment results through the assessment system,an approach combining Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO)regression and Random Forest(RF)based on machine learning is proposed for identifying influencing factors and characterizing key issues.Combining Coupling Coordination Degree(CCD)analysis,the study further summarizes the systemic patterns and future directions of urban sustainable development.A case study on the IDZSDAs from 2015 to 2022 reveals that:(1)the combined identification method based on machine learning and CCD models effectively quantifies influencing factors and key issues in the urban sustainable development process;(2)the correspondence between influencing factors and key subsystems identified by the LASSO-RF combination model is generally consistent with the development situations in various cities;and(3)the machine learning-based combined recognition method is scalable and dynamic.It enables decision-makers to accurately identify influencing factors and characterize key issues based on actual urban development needs.展开更多
The development of this technology has favored the advances noted in recent years in the field of precise positioning. It has also paved the way for a wide range of research into the evaluation of their performance an...The development of this technology has favored the advances noted in recent years in the field of precise positioning. It has also paved the way for a wide range of research into the evaluation of their performance and reliability, their potential use in different fields, the improvement of performance and combined systems, etc. Single-frequency GNSS receivers, which for a long time remained the only category of low-cost GNSS receivers, often limited by their level of accuracy (metric) mainly due to their single-frequency nature, have been joined in the last decade by dual-frequency GNSS receivers developed by certain manufacturers of positioning equipment. These receivers now offer possible alternatives to the relatively expensive conventional (topographic quality) or geodetic receivers and. In this study, the performance of these low-cost dual-frequency receivers was evaluated in static and real-time kinematic GNSS positioning modes. Static positioning was carried out on three points with sessions of 2 h and 4 h over three days with antenna swapping (CHC i50, Leica GS14 and Emlid Reach RS2+). Real-time observations were carried out on eleven (11) points in open, poorly open and not at all open environments, in order to assess not only performance but also receiver sensitivity in environments with a high risk of multipath. The results obtained showed an average agreement of 2 cm in planimetry between the low-cost Emlid RS2+ receiver and the Leica GS14 and CHC i50 receivers. The differences in altimetry are nevertheless greater (sometimes up to decimetres for certain points). Real-time positioning results provided an average convergence of around 1 cm on the E, N and H components with the results from the low-cost Emlid Reach RS2+ and Ublox ZED-F9P receivers and the CHC i50 receiver. Analysis of the results obtained has enabled us to highlight the various issues and challenges associated with this new generation of GNSS receivers, with a view to enhancing their appropriation and optimal integration in the professional and research worlds.展开更多
With the rapid advancement of network technology,new payment methods represented by Q coins and game currencies have entered a phase of significant growth.However,these payment methods have a limited scope of applicat...With the rapid advancement of network technology,new payment methods represented by Q coins and game currencies have entered a phase of significant growth.However,these payment methods have a limited scope of application and lack the legal status of fiat currency.The rise of digital currency has profoundly impacted the authority of traditional currency systems.Distinguished by robust payment capabilities,digital currency differs significantly from traditional currency.Yet,due to its relatively brief history,a globally unified definition has yet to be established.Consequently,there is an urgent need to enhance the regulation of digital currency through legislative measures to ensure its orderly and sustainable development.展开更多
learning while making the teaching process more targeted and effective.Motivation,as the key factor driving individuals to take action and achieve specific goals,directly affects students’enthusiasm and creativity.Te...learning while making the teaching process more targeted and effective.Motivation,as the key factor driving individuals to take action and achieve specific goals,directly affects students’enthusiasm and creativity.Teaching strategies based on motivation can improve educational outcomes.The Self-Determination Theory provides a framework for enhancing students’intrinsic motivation,emphasizing the fulfillment of three basic psychological needs:autonomy,competence,and relatedness.Satisfying these needs allows students to demonstrate stronger learning motivation and sustained interest.Higher education instructors can support autonomy by giving students more choices,allowing them to create based on their interests,thus fostering creativity and increasing engagement.Additionally,teachers should provide competence support by setting appropriately challenging tasks,helping students gradually improve their skills and confidence,and enhancing their sense of competence.Finally,relatedness support emphasizes creating a collaborative learning environment where students can strengthen emotional connections and perceive the value of learning through group cooperation and discussions.Optimizing visual design education not only requires attention to motivation issues but also necessitates designing teaching strategies based on the Self-Determination Theory.Through support for autonomy,competence,and relatedness,educators can effectively stimulate students’intrinsic motivation,and enhance their creativity,problem-solving abilities,and interest in long-term learning.This approach makes education more meaningful and valuable,helping to cultivate more outstanding design talents.展开更多
This paper puts forward essential technical issues pertinent to frontline personnel,including terminal managers,air traffic controllers,aerial observers,and operational aircrews engaged in aviation forest protection o...This paper puts forward essential technical issues pertinent to frontline personnel,including terminal managers,air traffic controllers,aerial observers,and operational aircrews engaged in aviation forest protection operations.Critical topics discussed include the calculation of coordinates,the establishment of a database for significant operational points,and the systems about communication and navigation and surveillance of aircraft.Ultimately,the paper provides recommendations designed to improve the safety and efficiency of aviation forest protection operations,thereby aligning with the objectives of the low-altitude economy policy.展开更多
Objective To study the content of China’s guiding principles on multiplicity issues in clinical trials,and to provide reference for the revision of China’s relevant guiding principles.Methods Based on ICH E9,the sim...Objective To study the content of China’s guiding principles on multiplicity issues in clinical trials,and to provide reference for the revision of China’s relevant guiding principles.Methods Based on ICH E9,the similarities and differences of the guiding principles of US Food and Drug Administration(FDA),European Medicines Agency(EMA),and National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)on the multiplicity issues in clinical trials were compared one by one.Results and Conclusion In general,NMPA guidelines are based on ICH E9,but in detail,the guidelines of FDA and EMA focus differently on the multiplicity issues.Therefore,NMPA guidelines need to be detailed and comprehensive.NMPA guidelines can be refined by referring to foreign guidelines to improve the practical guiding significance for clinical research and promote the level of domestic clinical trials in line with international standards.展开更多
在开源软件和开源平台中,开发人员可以通过提交issue来记录所发现的软件错误或提出新功能需求.由于缺乏经验、专业水平有限等原因,用户可能无法对issue内容进行准确有效地总结,导致issue标题质量较低,进而降低issue的解决效率.此外,现有...在开源软件和开源平台中,开发人员可以通过提交issue来记录所发现的软件错误或提出新功能需求.由于缺乏经验、专业水平有限等原因,用户可能无法对issue内容进行准确有效地总结,导致issue标题质量较低,进而降低issue的解决效率.此外,现有的issue标题自动生成方法主要面向GitHub等英文开源平台,当应用在Gitee等国产开源平台时表现不佳.同时,现有方法主要使用issue主体描述作为输入,忽略了issue中的代码片段等重要信息.为此,本文提出一种面向Gitee平台的issue标题自动生成方法GITG(Gitee Issue Title Generation),针对包含中文和英文文本的issue,使用构建的Gitee issue数据集对支持中文的预训练模型Chinese BART(Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers)进行微调,利用issue主体描述和代码片段的双模态信息来自动生成issue标题.为验证GITG的有效性,构建了包含18242个Gitee issue样本的数据集.实验结果表明,GITG在ROUGE-1、ROUGE-2和ROUGE-L指标上相较于iTAPE和iTiger分别至少提升了13.09%、10.18%和12.84%,在BLEU和METEOR指标上同样取得了性能提升.人工评价结果表明,GITG生成标题的平均得分在整体分数、流畅性、信息性和简洁性4个评价指标上相较iTAPE和iTiger分别至少提升了26.7%、20.8%、24.2%和20.0%.展开更多
Based on the latest demographic and labor data, this paper reveals the changes in China＇s labor supply and demonstrates that China＇s key employment issues are no longer quantitative contradictions but increasingly h...Based on the latest demographic and labor data, this paper reveals the changes in China＇s labor supply and demonstrates that China＇s key employment issues are no longer quantitative contradictions but increasingly have become structural issues related to labor market mismatch. Due to real and potential economic growth rates being consistent, cyclical unemployment is, at least for now, not striking. If traditional policy measures continue to be followed in disregard of frictional and structural attributes of the labor market to increase total employment, not only will China＇s employment issues persist but new labor market problems may arise as well China should focus on addressing structural unemployment contradictions.展开更多
The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,particularly large language models(LLMs),has become essential across various sectors due to their advanced language comprehension and generation capabilities.De...The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,particularly large language models(LLMs),has become essential across various sectors due to their advanced language comprehension and generation capabilities.Despite their transformative impact in fields such as machine translation and intelligent dialogue systems,LLMs face significant challenges.These challenges include safety,security,and privacy concerns that undermine their trustworthiness and effectiveness,such as hallucinations,backdoor attacks,and privacy leakage.Previous works often conflated safety issues with security concerns.In contrast,our study provides clearer and more reasonable definitions for safety,security,and privacy within the context of LLMs.Building on these definitions,we provide a comprehensive overview of the vulnerabilities and defense mechanisms related to safety,security,and privacy in LLMs.Additionally,we explore the unique research challenges posed by LLMs and suggest potential avenues for future research,aiming to enhance the robustness and reliability of LLMs in the face of emerging threats.展开更多
1 The 2025 FIRST Robotics Competition(FRC)Shanghai Regional has returned to the city,inspiring youth in science and technology.The three⁃day event,starting from March 14,has brought together nearly 1,000 young competi...1 The 2025 FIRST Robotics Competition(FRC)Shanghai Regional has returned to the city,inspiring youth in science and technology.The three⁃day event,starting from March 14,has brought together nearly 1,000 young competitors from 43 teams—including three international teams.Held at East China Normal University,the event centered on this year's theme“Reefscape”,challenging participants to address environmental issues through robotics.Teams have to design and program robots to transplant artificial coral and collect simulated algae(模拟藻类),simulating marine ecosystems'restoration processes.展开更多
On April 11,CIIS Vice President Liu Qing met with a delegation from the Australia-based think tank Lowy Institute,led by Richard McGregor,Senior Fellow for East Asia.The two sides had an in-depth exchange of opinions ...On April 11,CIIS Vice President Liu Qing met with a delegation from the Australia-based think tank Lowy Institute,led by Richard McGregor,Senior Fellow for East Asia.The two sides had an in-depth exchange of opinions on China-Australia relations as well as international and regional issues of interest.展开更多
Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:original articles,review articles,short letters,modelling/theory and methods articles,rapid reports an...Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:original articles,review articles,short letters,modelling/theory and methods articles,rapid reports and special thematic issues.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has had a substantial global health impact,with over 765 million confirmed cases and nearly 7 million deaths.[1]In South Korea,stringent lockdown policy heavily restricted the daily a...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has had a substantial global health impact,with over 765 million confirmed cases and nearly 7 million deaths.[1]In South Korea,stringent lockdown policy heavily restricted the daily activities for over two years,resulting in widespread public health issues.展开更多
文摘This study summarizes the examination data of registration labels for ordinary cosmetics in Beijing from May 2021 to April 2024.It analyzes and categorizes the issues identified during label evaluations,explores the underlying causes,and proposes regulatory countermeasures and recommendations for registrants,regulatory authorities,and social organizations.The objective is to offer practical insights and regulatory guidance to support the enhancement of cosmetic registration and regulatory standards.
文摘In the last decade, technical advancements and faster Internet speeds have also led to an increasing number ofmobile devices and users. Thus, all contributors to society, whether young or old members, can use these mobileapps. The use of these apps eases our daily lives, and all customers who need any type of service can accessit easily, comfortably, and efficiently through mobile apps. Particularly, Saudi Arabia greatly depends on digitalservices to assist people and visitors. Such mobile devices are used in organizing daily work schedules and services,particularly during two large occasions, Umrah and Hajj. However, pilgrims encounter mobile app issues such asslowness, conflict, unreliability, or user-unfriendliness. Pilgrims comment on these issues on mobile app platformsthrough reviews of their experiences with these digital services. Scholars have made several attempts to solve suchmobile issues by reporting bugs or non-functional requirements by utilizing user comments.However, solving suchissues is a great challenge, and the issues still exist. Therefore, this study aims to propose a hybrid deep learningmodel to classify and predict mobile app software issues encountered by millions of pilgrims during the Hajj andUmrah periods from the user perspective. Firstly, a dataset was constructed using user-generated comments fromrelevant mobile apps using natural language processing methods, including information extraction, the annotationprocess, and pre-processing steps, considering a multi-class classification problem. Then, several experimentswere conducted using common machine learning classifiers, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Long Short-TermMemory (LSTM), and Convolutional Neural Network Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) architectures, toexamine the performance of the proposed model. Results show 96% in F1-score and accuracy, and the proposedmodel outperformed the mentioned models.
文摘A Recommender System(RS)is a crucial part of several firms,particularly those involved in e-commerce.In conventional RS,a user may only offer a single rating for an item-that is insufficient to perceive consumer preferences.Nowadays,businesses in industries like e-learning and tourism enable customers to rate a product using a variety of factors to comprehend customers’preferences.On the other hand,the collaborative filtering(CF)algorithm utilizing AutoEncoder(AE)is seen to be effective in identifying user-interested items.However,the cost of these computations increases nonlinearly as the number of items and users increases.To triumph over the issues,a novel expanded stacked autoencoder(ESAE)with Kernel Fuzzy C-Means Clustering(KFCM)technique is proposed with two phases.In the first phase of offline,the sparse multicriteria rating matrix is smoothened to a complete matrix by predicting the users’intact rating by the ESAE approach and users are clustered using the KFCM approach.In the next phase of online,the top-N recommendation prediction is made by the ESAE approach involving only the most similar user from multiple clusters.Hence the ESAE_KFCM model upgrades the prediction accuracy of 98.2%in Top-N recommendation with a minimized recommendation generation time.An experimental check on the Yahoo!Movies(YM)movie dataset and TripAdvisor(TA)travel dataset confirmed that the ESAE_KFCM model constantly outperforms conventional RS algorithms on a variety of assessment measures.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52202286,52250710680,51971124,52171217,52172173 and 51872071)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.2108085J25)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ21E010001)Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.5419-202158503A-0-5-ZN)Wenzhou Natural Science Foundation(Nos.G20220016 and ZG2022032)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries show great potential as an alternative energy storage system,but safety concerns remain a major hurdle to their mass adoption.This paper analyzes the key factors and mechanisms leading to safety issues,including thermal runaway,sodium dendrite,internal short circuits,and gas release.Several promising solutions are proposed,such as high-safety electrode materials in the cathode and anode,high-safety electrolytes,and external battery management systems.Here in also we emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate analysis methods and developing reliable failure models while suggesting advanced machine learning tools for analysis.With a comprehensive approach,this study offers valuable recommendations to optimize materials and solutions for improving the safety of sodium-ion batteries.
基金Supported by The Education and Teaching Reform Project of the First Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University,No.CMER202305The Natural Science Foundation of Tibet Autonomous Region,No.XZ2024ZR-ZY100(Z).
文摘The behavior issues of preschoolers are closely related to their parents'parenting styles.This editorial discusses the value and strategies for solving behavior issues in preschoolers from the perspectives of mindfulness and mindful parenting.We expect that upcoming studies will place greater emphasis on the behavioral concerns of preschoolers and the parenting practices that shape them,particularly focusing on proactive interventions for preschoolers'behavioral issues.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under the sub-theme“Research on the Path of Enhancing the Sustainable Development Capacity of Cities and Towns under the Carbon Neutral Goal”[Grant No.2022YFC3802902-04].
文摘In response to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and China’s“Dual Carbon”Goals(DCGs means the goals of“Carbon Peak and carbon neutrality”),this paper from the perspective of the construction of China’s Innovation Demonstration Zones for Sustainable Development Agenda(IDZSDAs),combines carbon emission-related metrics to construct a comprehensive assessment system for Urban Sustainable Development Capacity(USDC).After obtaining USDC assessment results through the assessment system,an approach combining Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator(LASSO)regression and Random Forest(RF)based on machine learning is proposed for identifying influencing factors and characterizing key issues.Combining Coupling Coordination Degree(CCD)analysis,the study further summarizes the systemic patterns and future directions of urban sustainable development.A case study on the IDZSDAs from 2015 to 2022 reveals that:(1)the combined identification method based on machine learning and CCD models effectively quantifies influencing factors and key issues in the urban sustainable development process;(2)the correspondence between influencing factors and key subsystems identified by the LASSO-RF combination model is generally consistent with the development situations in various cities;and(3)the machine learning-based combined recognition method is scalable and dynamic.It enables decision-makers to accurately identify influencing factors and characterize key issues based on actual urban development needs.
文摘The development of this technology has favored the advances noted in recent years in the field of precise positioning. It has also paved the way for a wide range of research into the evaluation of their performance and reliability, their potential use in different fields, the improvement of performance and combined systems, etc. Single-frequency GNSS receivers, which for a long time remained the only category of low-cost GNSS receivers, often limited by their level of accuracy (metric) mainly due to their single-frequency nature, have been joined in the last decade by dual-frequency GNSS receivers developed by certain manufacturers of positioning equipment. These receivers now offer possible alternatives to the relatively expensive conventional (topographic quality) or geodetic receivers and. In this study, the performance of these low-cost dual-frequency receivers was evaluated in static and real-time kinematic GNSS positioning modes. Static positioning was carried out on three points with sessions of 2 h and 4 h over three days with antenna swapping (CHC i50, Leica GS14 and Emlid Reach RS2+). Real-time observations were carried out on eleven (11) points in open, poorly open and not at all open environments, in order to assess not only performance but also receiver sensitivity in environments with a high risk of multipath. The results obtained showed an average agreement of 2 cm in planimetry between the low-cost Emlid RS2+ receiver and the Leica GS14 and CHC i50 receivers. The differences in altimetry are nevertheless greater (sometimes up to decimetres for certain points). Real-time positioning results provided an average convergence of around 1 cm on the E, N and H components with the results from the low-cost Emlid Reach RS2+ and Ublox ZED-F9P receivers and the CHC i50 receiver. Analysis of the results obtained has enabled us to highlight the various issues and challenges associated with this new generation of GNSS receivers, with a view to enhancing their appropriation and optimal integration in the professional and research worlds.
文摘With the rapid advancement of network technology,new payment methods represented by Q coins and game currencies have entered a phase of significant growth.However,these payment methods have a limited scope of application and lack the legal status of fiat currency.The rise of digital currency has profoundly impacted the authority of traditional currency systems.Distinguished by robust payment capabilities,digital currency differs significantly from traditional currency.Yet,due to its relatively brief history,a globally unified definition has yet to be established.Consequently,there is an urgent need to enhance the regulation of digital currency through legislative measures to ensure its orderly and sustainable development.
文摘learning while making the teaching process more targeted and effective.Motivation,as the key factor driving individuals to take action and achieve specific goals,directly affects students’enthusiasm and creativity.Teaching strategies based on motivation can improve educational outcomes.The Self-Determination Theory provides a framework for enhancing students’intrinsic motivation,emphasizing the fulfillment of three basic psychological needs:autonomy,competence,and relatedness.Satisfying these needs allows students to demonstrate stronger learning motivation and sustained interest.Higher education instructors can support autonomy by giving students more choices,allowing them to create based on their interests,thus fostering creativity and increasing engagement.Additionally,teachers should provide competence support by setting appropriately challenging tasks,helping students gradually improve their skills and confidence,and enhancing their sense of competence.Finally,relatedness support emphasizes creating a collaborative learning environment where students can strengthen emotional connections and perceive the value of learning through group cooperation and discussions.Optimizing visual design education not only requires attention to motivation issues but also necessitates designing teaching strategies based on the Self-Determination Theory.Through support for autonomy,competence,and relatedness,educators can effectively stimulate students’intrinsic motivation,and enhance their creativity,problem-solving abilities,and interest in long-term learning.This approach makes education more meaningful and valuable,helping to cultivate more outstanding design talents.
文摘This paper puts forward essential technical issues pertinent to frontline personnel,including terminal managers,air traffic controllers,aerial observers,and operational aircrews engaged in aviation forest protection operations.Critical topics discussed include the calculation of coordinates,the establishment of a database for significant operational points,and the systems about communication and navigation and surveillance of aircraft.Ultimately,the paper provides recommendations designed to improve the safety and efficiency of aviation forest protection operations,thereby aligning with the objectives of the low-altitude economy policy.
基金supported by the Special Foundation of Research Institute of Drug Regulatory Science,Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(2021jgkx004).
文摘Objective To study the content of China’s guiding principles on multiplicity issues in clinical trials,and to provide reference for the revision of China’s relevant guiding principles.Methods Based on ICH E9,the similarities and differences of the guiding principles of US Food and Drug Administration(FDA),European Medicines Agency(EMA),and National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)on the multiplicity issues in clinical trials were compared one by one.Results and Conclusion In general,NMPA guidelines are based on ICH E9,but in detail,the guidelines of FDA and EMA focus differently on the multiplicity issues.Therefore,NMPA guidelines need to be detailed and comprehensive.NMPA guidelines can be refined by referring to foreign guidelines to improve the practical guiding significance for clinical research and promote the level of domestic clinical trials in line with international standards.
文摘在开源软件和开源平台中,开发人员可以通过提交issue来记录所发现的软件错误或提出新功能需求.由于缺乏经验、专业水平有限等原因,用户可能无法对issue内容进行准确有效地总结,导致issue标题质量较低,进而降低issue的解决效率.此外,现有的issue标题自动生成方法主要面向GitHub等英文开源平台,当应用在Gitee等国产开源平台时表现不佳.同时,现有方法主要使用issue主体描述作为输入,忽略了issue中的代码片段等重要信息.为此,本文提出一种面向Gitee平台的issue标题自动生成方法GITG(Gitee Issue Title Generation),针对包含中文和英文文本的issue,使用构建的Gitee issue数据集对支持中文的预训练模型Chinese BART(Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers)进行微调,利用issue主体描述和代码片段的双模态信息来自动生成issue标题.为验证GITG的有效性,构建了包含18242个Gitee issue样本的数据集.实验结果表明,GITG在ROUGE-1、ROUGE-2和ROUGE-L指标上相较于iTAPE和iTiger分别至少提升了13.09%、10.18%和12.84%,在BLEU和METEOR指标上同样取得了性能提升.人工评价结果表明,GITG生成标题的平均得分在整体分数、流畅性、信息性和简洁性4个评价指标上相较iTAPE和iTiger分别至少提升了26.7%、20.8%、24.2%和20.0%.
文摘Based on the latest demographic and labor data, this paper reveals the changes in China＇s labor supply and demonstrates that China＇s key employment issues are no longer quantitative contradictions but increasingly have become structural issues related to labor market mismatch. Due to real and potential economic growth rates being consistent, cyclical unemployment is, at least for now, not striking. If traditional policy measures continue to be followed in disregard of frictional and structural attributes of the labor market to increase total employment, not only will China＇s employment issues persist but new labor market problems may arise as well China should focus on addressing structural unemployment contradictions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2022YFB3103500the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.62402087 and No.62020106013+3 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program under Grant No.2023ZYD0142the Chengdu Science and Technology Program under Grant No.2023-XT00-00002-GXthe Fundamental Research Funds for Chinese Central Universities under Grants No.ZYGX2020ZB027 and No.Y030232063003002the Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program under Grant No.BX20230060.
文摘The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,particularly large language models(LLMs),has become essential across various sectors due to their advanced language comprehension and generation capabilities.Despite their transformative impact in fields such as machine translation and intelligent dialogue systems,LLMs face significant challenges.These challenges include safety,security,and privacy concerns that undermine their trustworthiness and effectiveness,such as hallucinations,backdoor attacks,and privacy leakage.Previous works often conflated safety issues with security concerns.In contrast,our study provides clearer and more reasonable definitions for safety,security,and privacy within the context of LLMs.Building on these definitions,we provide a comprehensive overview of the vulnerabilities and defense mechanisms related to safety,security,and privacy in LLMs.Additionally,we explore the unique research challenges posed by LLMs and suggest potential avenues for future research,aiming to enhance the robustness and reliability of LLMs in the face of emerging threats.
文摘1 The 2025 FIRST Robotics Competition(FRC)Shanghai Regional has returned to the city,inspiring youth in science and technology.The three⁃day event,starting from March 14,has brought together nearly 1,000 young competitors from 43 teams—including three international teams.Held at East China Normal University,the event centered on this year's theme“Reefscape”,challenging participants to address environmental issues through robotics.Teams have to design and program robots to transplant artificial coral and collect simulated algae(模拟藻类),simulating marine ecosystems'restoration processes.
文摘On April 11,CIIS Vice President Liu Qing met with a delegation from the Australia-based think tank Lowy Institute,led by Richard McGregor,Senior Fellow for East Asia.The two sides had an in-depth exchange of opinions on China-Australia relations as well as international and regional issues of interest.
文摘Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:original articles,review articles,short letters,modelling/theory and methods articles,rapid reports and special thematic issues.
基金supported by the Convergence Medical Institute of Technology Policy Research Project(CMIT PRP 2022-03)at Pusan National University Hospital.
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has had a substantial global health impact,with over 765 million confirmed cases and nearly 7 million deaths.[1]In South Korea,stringent lockdown policy heavily restricted the daily activities for over two years,resulting in widespread public health issues.
