Isotopic signatures used in the georeferencing of human remains are largely fixed by spatially distinct geologic and environmental processes.However,location-dependent temporal changes in these isotope ratios should a...Isotopic signatures used in the georeferencing of human remains are largely fixed by spatially distinct geologic and environmental processes.However,location-dependent temporal changes in these isotope ratios should also be considered when determining an individual’s provenance and/or trajectory.Distributions of the relevant isotopes can be impacted by predictable external factors such as climate change,delocalisation of food and water sources and changes in sources and uses of metals.Using Multi-Collector Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer(MC-ICP-MS)analyses of ^(206)Pb/^(207)Pb in tooth enamel and dentin from a population of 21±1-year-old individuals born circa 1984 and isotope ratio mass spectrometry(IRMS)of δ^(18)O in their enamel,we examined the expected influence of some of these factors.The resulting adjustments to the geographic distribution of isotope ratios(isoscapes)found in tooth enamel and dentin may contain additional useful information for forensic identification,but the shifts in values can also impact the uncertainty and usefulness of identifications if they are not taken into account.展开更多
In the paper, the development of precipitation isotope observation networks in China was reviewed, and recent achievements in isoscape and environmental effect of precipitation stable isotopes were summarized; the hyd...In the paper, the development of precipitation isotope observation networks in China was reviewed, and recent achievements in isoscape and environmental effect of precipitation stable isotopes were summarized; the hydrological process studies based on precipitation isotopes in China during recent decade were also reviewed. In past decades, the spatial and seasonal patterns of precipitation isotopes have been investigated nationwide, especially after the participation in GNIP（Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation） and the establishment of CHNIP（Chinese Network of Isotopes in Precipitation）, although long-term measurements are still limited; besides the nationwide network, a series of regional networks has been widely established across China. From the traditional manual drawing to the computer-aided mapping, and then to the simulation using isotope-equipped models, the productions of precipitation isoscape have been improved. The main factors controlling precipitation isotopes were summarized, and the potential significances of isotopes in climate proxies were mentioned. The recent studies about influence of raindrop sub-cloud secondary evaporation on isotopes were reviewed; based on the precipitation isotope and other parameters, the contribution of recycled moisture（evaporation and transpiration） in local precipitation can be estimated using three- or two-component mixing models. Finally, some prospects of precipitation isotope studies in China were presented.展开更多
Isotope analysis has become an increasingly valuable tool in forensic anthropology case-work over the past decade. Modern-day isotopic investigations on human remains have integrated the use of multi-isotope profiles ...Isotope analysis has become an increasingly valuable tool in forensic anthropology case-work over the past decade. Modern-day isotopic investigations on human remains have integrated the use of multi-isotope profiles (e.g. C, N, O, H, S, Sr, and Pb) as well as iso-topic landscapes ("isoscapes") from multiple body tissues (e.g. teeth, bone, hair, and nails) to predict possible region-of-origin of unidentified human remains. Together, data from various isotope analyses provide additional lines of evidence for human identification, including a decedent's possible region-of-birth, long-term adult residence, recent travel history, and dietary choices. Here, we present the basic principles of isotope analysis and provide a brief overview of instrumentation, analytical standards, sample selection, and sample quality measures. Finally, we present case studies that reflect the diverse applications of isotope analysis to the medicolegal system before describing some future research directions. As shown herein, isotope analysis is a flexible and powerful geolocation tool that can provide new investigative leads for unidentified human remains cases.展开更多
Introduction:Tidal marsh systems along the Pacific coast of the United States have experienced substantial stress and loss of area and ecosystem function,which we examined by using the endangered California Ridgway’s...Introduction:Tidal marsh systems along the Pacific coast of the United States have experienced substantial stress and loss of area and ecosystem function,which we examined by using the endangered California Ridgway’s Rail,Rallus obsoletus obsoletus(‘rail’)as an indicator of its tidal marsh habitat in the San Francisco Estuary.We organized a collection of historical(1885-1940)and modern(2005-2014)rail feathers and analyzed the feather isotope means for delta carbon(δ^(13)C),sulfur(δ^(34)S),and nitrogen(δ^(15)N)by region and time period.Outcomes:Feather isotopes represented the primary foraging habitat during historical then modern time periods.Neither individual nor regional rail feather isotopes suggested freshwater or terrestrial foraging by the rail.Three regions with both historic and modern feather isotopes revealed non-uniform spatial shifts in isotope levels consistent with a marine based food web and significantδ^(15)N enrichment.Discussion:Our results supported the rail’s status as a generalist forager and obligate tidal marsh species throughout the historic record.The variable isoscape trends generated from feather isotope means illustrated a modern loss of the isotopic homogeneity between regions of historical tidal marsh,which correlated with spatially-explicit habitat alterations such as increasing biological invasions and sewage effluent over time.Conclusion:These findings have reinforced the importance of tidal marsh conservation in the face of ongoing underlying changes to these important ecosystems.展开更多
基金The protocol was first approved(July 22,2005)by the US Department of the Air Force(Protocol FAC2005026H)Subsequently(October 11,2005)+1 种基金the Institutional Review Board(IRB)at the University of Florida,Gainesville,FL,USA approved the research(document IRB#474-2005)did the US Department of Veteran’s Affairs(October 19,2005,VA#0001).
文摘Isotopic signatures used in the georeferencing of human remains are largely fixed by spatially distinct geologic and environmental processes.However,location-dependent temporal changes in these isotope ratios should also be considered when determining an individual’s provenance and/or trajectory.Distributions of the relevant isotopes can be impacted by predictable external factors such as climate change,delocalisation of food and water sources and changes in sources and uses of metals.Using Multi-Collector Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer(MC-ICP-MS)analyses of ^(206)Pb/^(207)Pb in tooth enamel and dentin from a population of 21±1-year-old individuals born circa 1984 and isotope ratio mass spectrometry(IRMS)of δ^(18)O in their enamel,we examined the expected influence of some of these factors.The resulting adjustments to the geographic distribution of isotope ratios(isoscapes)found in tooth enamel and dentin may contain additional useful information for forensic identification,but the shifts in values can also impact the uncertainty and usefulness of identifications if they are not taken into account.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41461003,No.41161012National Basic Research Program of China,No.2013CBA01801
文摘In the paper, the development of precipitation isotope observation networks in China was reviewed, and recent achievements in isoscape and environmental effect of precipitation stable isotopes were summarized; the hydrological process studies based on precipitation isotopes in China during recent decade were also reviewed. In past decades, the spatial and seasonal patterns of precipitation isotopes have been investigated nationwide, especially after the participation in GNIP（Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation） and the establishment of CHNIP（Chinese Network of Isotopes in Precipitation）, although long-term measurements are still limited; besides the nationwide network, a series of regional networks has been widely established across China. From the traditional manual drawing to the computer-aided mapping, and then to the simulation using isotope-equipped models, the productions of precipitation isoscape have been improved. The main factors controlling precipitation isotopes were summarized, and the potential significances of isotopes in climate proxies were mentioned. The recent studies about influence of raindrop sub-cloud secondary evaporation on isotopes were reviewed; based on the precipitation isotope and other parameters, the contribution of recycled moisture（evaporation and transpiration） in local precipitation can be estimated using three- or two-component mixing models. Finally, some prospects of precipitation isotope studies in China were presented.
文摘Isotope analysis has become an increasingly valuable tool in forensic anthropology case-work over the past decade. Modern-day isotopic investigations on human remains have integrated the use of multi-isotope profiles (e.g. C, N, O, H, S, Sr, and Pb) as well as iso-topic landscapes ("isoscapes") from multiple body tissues (e.g. teeth, bone, hair, and nails) to predict possible region-of-origin of unidentified human remains. Together, data from various isotope analyses provide additional lines of evidence for human identification, including a decedent's possible region-of-birth, long-term adult residence, recent travel history, and dietary choices. Here, we present the basic principles of isotope analysis and provide a brief overview of instrumentation, analytical standards, sample selection, and sample quality measures. Finally, we present case studies that reflect the diverse applications of isotope analysis to the medicolegal system before describing some future research directions. As shown herein, isotope analysis is a flexible and powerful geolocation tool that can provide new investigative leads for unidentified human remains cases.
基金This work was supported by the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service[4500067653].
文摘Introduction:Tidal marsh systems along the Pacific coast of the United States have experienced substantial stress and loss of area and ecosystem function,which we examined by using the endangered California Ridgway’s Rail,Rallus obsoletus obsoletus(‘rail’)as an indicator of its tidal marsh habitat in the San Francisco Estuary.We organized a collection of historical(1885-1940)and modern(2005-2014)rail feathers and analyzed the feather isotope means for delta carbon(δ^(13)C),sulfur(δ^(34)S),and nitrogen(δ^(15)N)by region and time period.Outcomes:Feather isotopes represented the primary foraging habitat during historical then modern time periods.Neither individual nor regional rail feather isotopes suggested freshwater or terrestrial foraging by the rail.Three regions with both historic and modern feather isotopes revealed non-uniform spatial shifts in isotope levels consistent with a marine based food web and significantδ^(15)N enrichment.Discussion:Our results supported the rail’s status as a generalist forager and obligate tidal marsh species throughout the historic record.The variable isoscape trends generated from feather isotope means illustrated a modern loss of the isotopic homogeneity between regions of historical tidal marsh,which correlated with spatially-explicit habitat alterations such as increasing biological invasions and sewage effluent over time.Conclusion:These findings have reinforced the importance of tidal marsh conservation in the face of ongoing underlying changes to these important ecosystems.
