In this paper, the character matrix x n is studied, fast construction method of matrix X 2m is provided. And it is proved that the lower bound estimate of the number of an Latin squares matrix D[X m] is2m(2m)!+...In this paper, the character matrix x n is studied, fast construction method of matrix X 2m is provided. And it is proved that the lower bound estimate of the number of an Latin squares matrix D[X m] is2m(2m)!+∑mi=2[(2m)!] 2∏ij=1K j!∏rj=1b j!.展开更多
Organisms are said to be in developmental rate isomorphy when the pro- portions of developmental stage durations are unaffected by temperature. Comprehensive stage-specific developmental data were generated on the cab...Organisms are said to be in developmental rate isomorphy when the pro- portions of developmental stage durations are unaffected by temperature. Comprehensive stage-specific developmental data were generated on the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi Baly （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae）, at eight temperatures ranging from 16℃ to 30℃ （in 2℃ increments） and five analytical methods were used to test the rate isomor- phy hypothesis, including： （i） direct comparison of lower developmental thresholds with standard errors based on the traditional linear equation describing developmental rate as the linear function of temperature; （ii） analysis of covariance to compare the lower devel- opmental thresholds of different stages based on the Ikemoto-Takai linear equation; （iii） testing the significance of the slope item in the regression line of arcsin（√p） versus tem- perature, where p is the ratio of the developmental duration of a particular developmental stage to the entire pre-imaginal developmental duration for one insect or mite species; （iv） analysis of variance to test for significant differences between the ratios of developmental stage durations to that ofpre-imaginal development; and （v） checking whether there is an element less than a given level of significance in the p-value matrix of rotating regres- sion line. The results revealed no significant difference among the lower developmental thresholds or among the aforementioned ratios, and thus convincingly confirmed the rate isomorphy hypothesis.展开更多
文摘In this paper, the character matrix x n is studied, fast construction method of matrix X 2m is provided. And it is proved that the lower bound estimate of the number of an Latin squares matrix D[X m] is2m(2m)!+∑mi=2[(2m)!] 2∏ij=1K j!∏rj=1b j!.
文摘Organisms are said to be in developmental rate isomorphy when the pro- portions of developmental stage durations are unaffected by temperature. Comprehensive stage-specific developmental data were generated on the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi Baly （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae）, at eight temperatures ranging from 16℃ to 30℃ （in 2℃ increments） and five analytical methods were used to test the rate isomor- phy hypothesis, including： （i） direct comparison of lower developmental thresholds with standard errors based on the traditional linear equation describing developmental rate as the linear function of temperature; （ii） analysis of covariance to compare the lower devel- opmental thresholds of different stages based on the Ikemoto-Takai linear equation; （iii） testing the significance of the slope item in the regression line of arcsin（√p） versus tem- perature, where p is the ratio of the developmental duration of a particular developmental stage to the entire pre-imaginal developmental duration for one insect or mite species; （iv） analysis of variance to test for significant differences between the ratios of developmental stage durations to that ofpre-imaginal development; and （v） checking whether there is an element less than a given level of significance in the p-value matrix of rotating regres- sion line. The results revealed no significant difference among the lower developmental thresholds or among the aforementioned ratios, and thus convincingly confirmed the rate isomorphy hypothesis.
