In the present study, we aimed to analyze the irrational medical orders and evaluate the effect of pharmacy intervention on pharmacy intravenous admixture services of outpatient and emergency departments in our hospit...In the present study, we aimed to analyze the irrational medical orders and evaluate the effect of pharmacy intervention on pharmacy intravenous admixture services of outpatient and emergency departments in our hospital. The irrational medical orders of PIVAS at the outpatient and emergency departments were retrospectively analyzed in Jun. 2015. We strengthened the pharmacy intervention on irrational medical orders since July 2015. All the cases were selected by systematic sampling method. Cased studied in Jun. 2015 served as the control group, whereas those studied in Jan. 2016 served as the intervention group. The irrational rate and the irrational number of daily average were compared between the control group and intervention group. The common type of irrational outpatient and emergency intravenous orders mainly included irrational use of solvents, irrational dosing interval and inappropriate compatibility of drugs. The irrational rate was reduced from 17.4% to 3.3% （P〈0.01）, and the irrational number of daily average was decreased from 5.23 to 1.00 （P〈0.01）. Pharmacy intervention can reduce the irrational rate of medical orders in our hospital, which is of great significance to promote rational drug use and improve medical quality.展开更多
Nonlinear dynamical systems with an irrational restoring force often occur in both science and engineering, and always lead to a barrier for conventional nonlinear techniques. In this paper, we have investigated the g...Nonlinear dynamical systems with an irrational restoring force often occur in both science and engineering, and always lead to a barrier for conventional nonlinear techniques. In this paper, we have investigated the global bifurcations and the chaos directly for a nonlinear system with irrational nonlinearity avoiding the conventional Taylor＇s expansion to retain the natural characteristics of the system. A series of transformations are proposed to convert the homoclinic orbits of the unperturbed system to the heteroclinic orbits in the new coordinate, which can be transformed back to the analytical expressions of the homoclinic orbits. Melnikov＇s method is employed to obtain the criteria for chaotic motion, which implies that the existence of homoclinic orbits to chaos arose from the breaking of homoclinic orbits under the perturbation of damping and external forcing. The efficiency of the criteria for chaotic motion obtained in this paper is verified via bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and numerical simulations. It is worthwhile noting that our study is an attempt to make a step toward the solution of the problem proposed by Cao Q J et al. （Cao Q J, Wiercigroch M, Pavlovskaia E E, Thompson J M T and Grebogi C 2008 Phil. Trans. R. Soe. A 366 635）.展开更多
[Purpose]: The purpose of this study is to develop irrational belief test for nurses, and to examine reliability and validity. [Method]: In study 1, The Irrational belief test for nurses was developed based JIBT-20 (m...[Purpose]: The purpose of this study is to develop irrational belief test for nurses, and to examine reliability and validity. [Method]: In study 1, The Irrational belief test for nurses was developed based JIBT-20 (mori et al., 1994) of previous studies. And for the nurse (N = 96, 5 male, 91 female), carried out preliminary investigation, created the provisional version of the Irrational belief test for nurses, and examined factor structure and internal consistency. In study 2, for the nurse (N = 541, 21 male, 520 female) examined validity based on JIBT-20 (Japanese Irrational Belief Test), MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory), ATQ-R Japanese version (Automatic Thoughts Questionnare-Revised), and for the nurse (N = 91, 3 male, 88 female) examined a test-retest reliability four weeks afterward before long. [Result]: As a result of the explanatory factor analysis by a maximum likelihood estimation and promax rotation, 28-item 7 factors were extracted and was named a “patient belief”, “self-expectation”, “avoidance”, “self-inhibition”, “Ethical blame”, “helplessness”, and “dependence”. Moreover, as a result of conducting confirmation factor analysis, the hypothetical model obtained by explanatory factor analysis fitted (GFI = 0.89, AGFI = 0.86). About the reliability of the measure, a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient is 0.68 - 0.82, and a test-retest reliability is 0.64 and reliability is affirmed. About construct validity was checked correlation with JIBT-20, and about criterion validity was checked the correlation with MBI and ATQ-R Japanese-translation version. [Conclusion]: It is suggested that reliability and validity are verified and the irrational belief test for nurses is a useful measure. The developed test can be used to measure the irrational belief in the context of burnout in nurses.展开更多
Dr.Strangelove or:How I learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb is a 1964 black comedy film with satire of arm races and nuclear scare by the director Stanley Kubrick.In the movie,irrational practice and ideologies...Dr.Strangelove or:How I learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb is a 1964 black comedy film with satire of arm races and nuclear scare by the director Stanley Kubrick.In the movie,irrational practice and ideologies manifest themselves as collective rationality and result in the destruction of the earth.In this thesis,the writer argues for those phenomenons with the feature of irrational collective rationality.They are of irrationality essence under the veil of rationality and deserve a social collective examination and recollection instead of the whole responsibility burdened on one single individual.There are three dimensions of irrational collective rationality:firstly,collective acquiescence and feeble voices of common public are misled by the mass media propaganda and suppressed by the privilege.Secondly,irrational collective practice causes the deviation from the reasonable motivations,usually because of distrust in each other,lack of team spirit,and absence of hearted cooperation.Thirdly,high-technology widely worshiped by modernists can be more of a hindrance than a help,separated discourse systems,out-of-control machines and irretrievable destruction,if used in an extreme way.They are flaws in national and international systems,foretelling the crossroad the collective group-human beings-making for.The writer advocates a notion reformation in the information procession,international cooperation and appropriate usage of incredible technology,considering human beings as a whole and standing at a new-height to be truly collective rational.展开更多
This paper summarizes research intended to develop a pedagogically friendly argument that establishes the fact that (x,ex ) is never a rational point in the plane. A point (x, y)∈R2 is rational if both x and y are ra...This paper summarizes research intended to develop a pedagogically friendly argument that establishes the fact that (x,ex ) is never a rational point in the plane. A point (x, y)∈R2 is rational if both x and y are rational. Applying a method based on Hurwitz polynomials, the research establishes simple irrationality proofs for nonzero rational powers of e and logarithms of positive rationals (excluding one).展开更多
Understanding and modeling individuals’behaviors during epidemics is crucial for effective epidemic control.However,existing research ignores the impact of users’irrationality on decision-making in the epidemic.Mean...Understanding and modeling individuals’behaviors during epidemics is crucial for effective epidemic control.However,existing research ignores the impact of users’irrationality on decision-making in the epidemic.Meanwhile,existing disease control methods often assume users’full compliance with measures like mandatory isolation,which does not align with the actual situation.To address these issues,this paper proposes a prospect theorybased framework to model users’decision-making process in epidemics and analyzes how irrationality affects individuals’behaviors and epidemic dynamics.According to the analysis results,irrationality tends to prompt conservative behaviors when the infection risk is low but encourages risk-seeking behaviors when the risk is high.Then,this paper proposes a behavior inducement algorithm to guide individuals’behaviors and control the spread of disease.Simulations and real user tests validate our analysis,and simulation results show that the proposed behavior inducement algorithm can effectively guide individuals’behavior.展开更多
The intramolecular vibrational dynamics due to extremely irrational couplings is demonstrated by contrast to the resonance couplings, for the three-mode case of H2O as an example. The extremely irrational couplings ar...The intramolecular vibrational dynamics due to extremely irrational couplings is demonstrated by contrast to the resonance couplings, for the three-mode case of H2O as an example. The extremely irrational couplings are shown to impose such strong hindrance to intramolecular vibrational relaxation （IVR） that they act as barriers. They restrict the direct action/energy transfer between the two stretching modes, though they allow the transfer between a stretching and a bending modes. In contrast, the resonance is more mediated by the bending mode and leads to chaotic IVR. It is also shown that there is a region in the dynamical space in which resonance and extremely irrational couplings coexist.展开更多
The paper discusses several wide-spread misunderstandings of Kuhn＇s theory of scientific development, most prominently the ascription that he conceives of scientific development as irrational. The core of this ascrip...The paper discusses several wide-spread misunderstandings of Kuhn＇s theory of scientific development, most prominently the ascription that he conceives of scientific development as irrational. The core of this ascription is an assessment of incommensurability as implying the lack of any rational possibility of theory comparison. This is supposed to be due to Gestalt switches and a quasi-religious element of conversion in theory change. Accordingly, scientific revolutions cannot be a serious matter for philosophical analysis; they furthermore foreclose any scientific progress. It is shown that such images of Kuhn＇s theory rest on deep misunderstandings that are partly due to Kuhn＇s writing style.展开更多
The larger the difference between the willingness scale of tobacco family farmers and the optimal scale of efficiency,the greater the degree of irrationality,and the higher the decision making risk.With the aid of DEA...The larger the difference between the willingness scale of tobacco family farmers and the optimal scale of efficiency,the greater the degree of irrationality,and the higher the decision making risk.With the aid of DEA model,this study calculated the optimal scale of efficiency of Guiyang tobacco family farms.Using the ratio of willingness scale and efficiency optimal scale,it measured the degree of irrationality of family farmers.In addition,with the help of multiple linear regression model,it explained the irrational decision making mechanism of family farmers.Finally,it made a portrait of farmers who tend to make irrational decisions,to find specific farmers and guide them in their production and operation,reduce the risk of planting scale decision making and stabilize the sustainable development of the tobacco industry.展开更多
The main aim of the article is to investigate the irrational and transcendental properties of certain real numbers by means of the factorial series and the factorial number system. The difference between the factorial...The main aim of the article is to investigate the irrational and transcendental properties of certain real numbers by means of the factorial series and the factorial number system. The difference between the factorial series and the factorial system is that the factorial series does not set an upper bound at a given place after the radix point, while in the factorial system (i – 1) is the maximal possible value for r<sub>i</sub> after the radix point. I give an extended definition of periodic numbers, and show the relationship between periodic and irrational numbers. I prove the transcendence of e by means of the factorial series and the factorial number system.展开更多
Edgar Allan Poe,a writer of American Romantic period,is a forerunner in the use of irrational narration,especially in his dark tales,opening up a new approach for literature.Whether from narration perspective,plot or ...Edgar Allan Poe,a writer of American Romantic period,is a forerunner in the use of irrational narration,especially in his dark tales,opening up a new approach for literature.Whether from narration perspective,plot or theme,The Black Cat,one of his masterpiece,is the typical manifestation of this narration.展开更多
Objective: to explore the irrational use of antibiotics in health centers and analyze the reasons. Methods: 404 patients who used antibiotics in our hospital from April 1, 2018 to November 1, 2019 were randomly select...Objective: to explore the irrational use of antibiotics in health centers and analyze the reasons. Methods: 404 patients who used antibiotics in our hospital from April 1, 2018 to November 1, 2019 were randomly selected for study, and the irrational use of antibiotics and the reasons were analyzed. Conclusion: the irrational use of antibiotics exists in the health centers of our city.展开更多
Objective: To investigate and analyze the irrational problems of common gastroenterology medications applied to gastroenterology patients during treatment, and to develop and implement countermeasures. Methods: This s...Objective: To investigate and analyze the irrational problems of common gastroenterology medications applied to gastroenterology patients during treatment, and to develop and implement countermeasures. Methods: This study included 60 patients admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology from January 2021 to December 2023 who were randomly divided into a control group (conventional drug management) and an observation group (targeted drug treatment), of 30 cases each. After the implementation of different management methods, the occurrence of irrational drug use and the incidence of adverse reactions between both groups were compared and statistically analyzed. Results: The incidence of irrational medication in the observation group (13.33%) was lower than that in the control group (40.00%) (P < 0.05). The occurrence of adverse reactions in the observation group (10.00%) was lower than that of the control group (36.67%) after treatment (P < 0.05). The observation group had a higher level of satisfaction after treatment (90.00%) as compared to the control group (66.67%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Implementation of targeted drug treatment for gastroenterology patients reduced the incidence of irrational medication use, reduced adverse reactions, and improved patient satisfaction.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effect and value of clinical pharmacist intervention in rational drug use in hospital.Methods: the patients with medication from January to December 2020 were included in the study. 500 cases...Objective: To explore the effect and value of clinical pharmacist intervention in rational drug use in hospital.Methods: the patients with medication from January to December 2020 were included in the study. 500 cases before intervention were listed as the control group and 500 cases after pharmacist intervention were listed as the observation group;The reasonable application rate, the total incidence of adverse reactions and unreasonable prescriptions were compared between the two groups.Results: the application rate of combination therapy was higher;The total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was low and there were few unreasonable prescriptions.(p<0.05).Conclusion: rational drug use intervention measures taken by clinical traditional Chinese medicine pharmacists in the hospital can reduce the occurrence of unreasonable use and adverse reactions, which is worthy of effective promotion.展开更多
Edgar Allan Poe is one of the representative writers in American Dark Romanticism.Different from his contemporaries,the majority of Poe's short stories are characterized by irrational narration.Whether from narrat...Edgar Allan Poe is one of the representative writers in American Dark Romanticism.Different from his contemporaries,the majority of Poe's short stories are characterized by irrational narration.Whether from narration technique or elements,The Black Cat is the best elucidation of such narration.Thus,this thesis is devoted to a condensed study of irrational narration in The Black Cat,holding views that Poe's contribution in promoting the development of American literature and continuing the American dream is profound and significant.展开更多
In this paper,we propose a novel nonlinear oscillator with strong irrational nonlinearities having smooth and discontinuous characteristics depending on the values of a smoothness parameter.The oscillator is similar t...In this paper,we propose a novel nonlinear oscillator with strong irrational nonlinearities having smooth and discontinuous characteristics depending on the values of a smoothness parameter.The oscillator is similar to the SD oscillator,originally introduced in Phys Rev E 69(2006).The equilibrium stability and the complex bifurcations of the unperturbed system are investigated.The bifurcation sets of the equilibria in parameter space are constructed to demonstrate transitions in the multiple well dynamics for both smooth and discontinuous regimes.The Melnikov method is employed to obtain the analytical criteria of chaotic thresholds for the singular closed orbits of homoclinic,homo-heteroclinic,cuspidal heteroclinic and tangent homoclinic orbits of the perturbed system.展开更多
The operating processes of boards of directors are delicate and complex,so corporate legislation cannot simply equate board structure law with board governance law.It is therefore necessary to start from China's a...The operating processes of boards of directors are delicate and complex,so corporate legislation cannot simply equate board structure law with board governance law.It is therefore necessary to start from China's actual conditions and grasp the operating processes of Chinese boards with a sober appreciation of the irrational elements in their operating mechanisms.Board governance has entered a new stage of institutionalization,and the law should shift from its emphasis on structure to give equal attention to structure and process in optimizing institutional structure.In the construction of board operating mechanisms,we should treat differently such"living laws"as customs,experiences and traditions,give full play to the functionality of boards'strategic choices,and provide legal regulation of irrational elements,so as to distinguish between different roles,develop consensus,select strong points and improve efficiency.We should build control over board operational procedures,improve the system of functional allocation,correct assessment mechanisms,develop a mechanism for judicial scrutiny of the affective relationships in society and curb such behavioral tendencies as relational identity,structural bias and group polarization,with a view to controlling such"living laws"within the framework of the basic values and principles of board governance.展开更多
If all prime closed geodesics on(S^n, F) with an irreversible Finsler metric F are irrationally elliptic,there exist either exactly 2 [(n+1)/2] or infinitely many distinct closed geodesics. As an application, we show ...If all prime closed geodesics on(S^n, F) with an irreversible Finsler metric F are irrationally elliptic,there exist either exactly 2 [(n+1)/2] or infinitely many distinct closed geodesics. As an application, we show the existence of three distinct closed geodesics on bumpy Finsler(S^3, F) if any prime closed geodesic has non-zero Morse index.展开更多
We give a proof of the irrationality of p-adic zeta-values ξp（κ） for p = 2, 3 and κ = 2,3.Such results were recently obtained by Calegari as an application of overconvergent p-adic modular forms. In this paper we...We give a proof of the irrationality of p-adic zeta-values ξp（κ） for p = 2, 3 and κ = 2,3.Such results were recently obtained by Calegari as an application of overconvergent p-adic modular forms. In this paper we present an approach using classical continued fractions discovered by Stieltjes. In addition we show the irrationality of some other p-adic L-series values, and values of the p-adic Hurwitz zeta-function.展开更多
文摘In the present study, we aimed to analyze the irrational medical orders and evaluate the effect of pharmacy intervention on pharmacy intravenous admixture services of outpatient and emergency departments in our hospital. The irrational medical orders of PIVAS at the outpatient and emergency departments were retrospectively analyzed in Jun. 2015. We strengthened the pharmacy intervention on irrational medical orders since July 2015. All the cases were selected by systematic sampling method. Cased studied in Jun. 2015 served as the control group, whereas those studied in Jan. 2016 served as the intervention group. The irrational rate and the irrational number of daily average were compared between the control group and intervention group. The common type of irrational outpatient and emergency intravenous orders mainly included irrational use of solvents, irrational dosing interval and inappropriate compatibility of drugs. The irrational rate was reduced from 17.4% to 3.3% （P〈0.01）, and the irrational number of daily average was decreased from 5.23 to 1.00 （P〈0.01）. Pharmacy intervention can reduce the irrational rate of medical orders in our hospital, which is of great significance to promote rational drug use and improve medical quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11002093,11072065,and 10872136)the Science Foundation of the Science and Technology Department of Hebei Province of China (Grant No.11215643)
文摘Nonlinear dynamical systems with an irrational restoring force often occur in both science and engineering, and always lead to a barrier for conventional nonlinear techniques. In this paper, we have investigated the global bifurcations and the chaos directly for a nonlinear system with irrational nonlinearity avoiding the conventional Taylor＇s expansion to retain the natural characteristics of the system. A series of transformations are proposed to convert the homoclinic orbits of the unperturbed system to the heteroclinic orbits in the new coordinate, which can be transformed back to the analytical expressions of the homoclinic orbits. Melnikov＇s method is employed to obtain the criteria for chaotic motion, which implies that the existence of homoclinic orbits to chaos arose from the breaking of homoclinic orbits under the perturbation of damping and external forcing. The efficiency of the criteria for chaotic motion obtained in this paper is verified via bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and numerical simulations. It is worthwhile noting that our study is an attempt to make a step toward the solution of the problem proposed by Cao Q J et al. （Cao Q J, Wiercigroch M, Pavlovskaia E E, Thompson J M T and Grebogi C 2008 Phil. Trans. R. Soe. A 366 635）.
文摘[Purpose]: The purpose of this study is to develop irrational belief test for nurses, and to examine reliability and validity. [Method]: In study 1, The Irrational belief test for nurses was developed based JIBT-20 (mori et al., 1994) of previous studies. And for the nurse (N = 96, 5 male, 91 female), carried out preliminary investigation, created the provisional version of the Irrational belief test for nurses, and examined factor structure and internal consistency. In study 2, for the nurse (N = 541, 21 male, 520 female) examined validity based on JIBT-20 (Japanese Irrational Belief Test), MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory), ATQ-R Japanese version (Automatic Thoughts Questionnare-Revised), and for the nurse (N = 91, 3 male, 88 female) examined a test-retest reliability four weeks afterward before long. [Result]: As a result of the explanatory factor analysis by a maximum likelihood estimation and promax rotation, 28-item 7 factors were extracted and was named a “patient belief”, “self-expectation”, “avoidance”, “self-inhibition”, “Ethical blame”, “helplessness”, and “dependence”. Moreover, as a result of conducting confirmation factor analysis, the hypothetical model obtained by explanatory factor analysis fitted (GFI = 0.89, AGFI = 0.86). About the reliability of the measure, a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient is 0.68 - 0.82, and a test-retest reliability is 0.64 and reliability is affirmed. About construct validity was checked correlation with JIBT-20, and about criterion validity was checked the correlation with MBI and ATQ-R Japanese-translation version. [Conclusion]: It is suggested that reliability and validity are verified and the irrational belief test for nurses is a useful measure. The developed test can be used to measure the irrational belief in the context of burnout in nurses.
文摘Dr.Strangelove or:How I learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb is a 1964 black comedy film with satire of arm races and nuclear scare by the director Stanley Kubrick.In the movie,irrational practice and ideologies manifest themselves as collective rationality and result in the destruction of the earth.In this thesis,the writer argues for those phenomenons with the feature of irrational collective rationality.They are of irrationality essence under the veil of rationality and deserve a social collective examination and recollection instead of the whole responsibility burdened on one single individual.There are three dimensions of irrational collective rationality:firstly,collective acquiescence and feeble voices of common public are misled by the mass media propaganda and suppressed by the privilege.Secondly,irrational collective practice causes the deviation from the reasonable motivations,usually because of distrust in each other,lack of team spirit,and absence of hearted cooperation.Thirdly,high-technology widely worshiped by modernists can be more of a hindrance than a help,separated discourse systems,out-of-control machines and irretrievable destruction,if used in an extreme way.They are flaws in national and international systems,foretelling the crossroad the collective group-human beings-making for.The writer advocates a notion reformation in the information procession,international cooperation and appropriate usage of incredible technology,considering human beings as a whole and standing at a new-height to be truly collective rational.
文摘This paper summarizes research intended to develop a pedagogically friendly argument that establishes the fact that (x,ex ) is never a rational point in the plane. A point (x, y)∈R2 is rational if both x and y are rational. Applying a method based on Hurwitz polynomials, the research establishes simple irrationality proofs for nonzero rational powers of e and logarithms of positive rationals (excluding one).
文摘Understanding and modeling individuals’behaviors during epidemics is crucial for effective epidemic control.However,existing research ignores the impact of users’irrationality on decision-making in the epidemic.Meanwhile,existing disease control methods often assume users’full compliance with measures like mandatory isolation,which does not align with the actual situation.To address these issues,this paper proposes a prospect theorybased framework to model users’decision-making process in epidemics and analyzes how irrationality affects individuals’behaviors and epidemic dynamics.According to the analysis results,irrationality tends to prompt conservative behaviors when the infection risk is low but encourages risk-seeking behaviors when the risk is high.Then,this paper proposes a behavior inducement algorithm to guide individuals’behaviors and control the spread of disease.Simulations and real user tests validate our analysis,and simulation results show that the proposed behavior inducement algorithm can effectively guide individuals’behavior.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 20373030） and the Foundation for Key Program of Ministry of Education, China （Grant No 306020） and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China.
文摘The intramolecular vibrational dynamics due to extremely irrational couplings is demonstrated by contrast to the resonance couplings, for the three-mode case of H2O as an example. The extremely irrational couplings are shown to impose such strong hindrance to intramolecular vibrational relaxation （IVR） that they act as barriers. They restrict the direct action/energy transfer between the two stretching modes, though they allow the transfer between a stretching and a bending modes. In contrast, the resonance is more mediated by the bending mode and leads to chaotic IVR. It is also shown that there is a region in the dynamical space in which resonance and extremely irrational couplings coexist.
文摘The paper discusses several wide-spread misunderstandings of Kuhn＇s theory of scientific development, most prominently the ascription that he conceives of scientific development as irrational. The core of this ascription is an assessment of incommensurability as implying the lack of any rational possibility of theory comparison. This is supposed to be due to Gestalt switches and a quasi-religious element of conversion in theory change. Accordingly, scientific revolutions cannot be a serious matter for philosophical analysis; they furthermore foreclose any scientific progress. It is shown that such images of Kuhn＇s theory rest on deep misunderstandings that are partly due to Kuhn＇s writing style.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Guiyang Company of Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company"Study on Cultivation of New Type Tobacco Operation Entities in Guiyang Tobacco Area"(2022-06)Students’Platform for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province"Study on Cultivation of New Professional Tobacco Farmers with Family Farms as the Carrier"(202210466045)。
文摘The larger the difference between the willingness scale of tobacco family farmers and the optimal scale of efficiency,the greater the degree of irrationality,and the higher the decision making risk.With the aid of DEA model,this study calculated the optimal scale of efficiency of Guiyang tobacco family farms.Using the ratio of willingness scale and efficiency optimal scale,it measured the degree of irrationality of family farmers.In addition,with the help of multiple linear regression model,it explained the irrational decision making mechanism of family farmers.Finally,it made a portrait of farmers who tend to make irrational decisions,to find specific farmers and guide them in their production and operation,reduce the risk of planting scale decision making and stabilize the sustainable development of the tobacco industry.
文摘The main aim of the article is to investigate the irrational and transcendental properties of certain real numbers by means of the factorial series and the factorial number system. The difference between the factorial series and the factorial system is that the factorial series does not set an upper bound at a given place after the radix point, while in the factorial system (i – 1) is the maximal possible value for r<sub>i</sub> after the radix point. I give an extended definition of periodic numbers, and show the relationship between periodic and irrational numbers. I prove the transcendence of e by means of the factorial series and the factorial number system.
文摘Edgar Allan Poe,a writer of American Romantic period,is a forerunner in the use of irrational narration,especially in his dark tales,opening up a new approach for literature.Whether from narration perspective,plot or theme,The Black Cat,one of his masterpiece,is the typical manifestation of this narration.
文摘Objective: to explore the irrational use of antibiotics in health centers and analyze the reasons. Methods: 404 patients who used antibiotics in our hospital from April 1, 2018 to November 1, 2019 were randomly selected for study, and the irrational use of antibiotics and the reasons were analyzed. Conclusion: the irrational use of antibiotics exists in the health centers of our city.
文摘Objective: To investigate and analyze the irrational problems of common gastroenterology medications applied to gastroenterology patients during treatment, and to develop and implement countermeasures. Methods: This study included 60 patients admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology from January 2021 to December 2023 who were randomly divided into a control group (conventional drug management) and an observation group (targeted drug treatment), of 30 cases each. After the implementation of different management methods, the occurrence of irrational drug use and the incidence of adverse reactions between both groups were compared and statistically analyzed. Results: The incidence of irrational medication in the observation group (13.33%) was lower than that in the control group (40.00%) (P < 0.05). The occurrence of adverse reactions in the observation group (10.00%) was lower than that of the control group (36.67%) after treatment (P < 0.05). The observation group had a higher level of satisfaction after treatment (90.00%) as compared to the control group (66.67%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Implementation of targeted drug treatment for gastroenterology patients reduced the incidence of irrational medication use, reduced adverse reactions, and improved patient satisfaction.
文摘Objective: To explore the effect and value of clinical pharmacist intervention in rational drug use in hospital.Methods: the patients with medication from January to December 2020 were included in the study. 500 cases before intervention were listed as the control group and 500 cases after pharmacist intervention were listed as the observation group;The reasonable application rate, the total incidence of adverse reactions and unreasonable prescriptions were compared between the two groups.Results: the application rate of combination therapy was higher;The total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was low and there were few unreasonable prescriptions.(p<0.05).Conclusion: rational drug use intervention measures taken by clinical traditional Chinese medicine pharmacists in the hospital can reduce the occurrence of unreasonable use and adverse reactions, which is worthy of effective promotion.
文摘Edgar Allan Poe is one of the representative writers in American Dark Romanticism.Different from his contemporaries,the majority of Poe's short stories are characterized by irrational narration.Whether from narration technique or elements,The Black Cat is the best elucidation of such narration.Thus,this thesis is devoted to a condensed study of irrational narration in The Black Cat,holding views that Poe's contribution in promoting the development of American literature and continuing the American dream is profound and significant.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10872136,11072065 and 10932006)
文摘In this paper,we propose a novel nonlinear oscillator with strong irrational nonlinearities having smooth and discontinuous characteristics depending on the values of a smoothness parameter.The oscillator is similar to the SD oscillator,originally introduced in Phys Rev E 69(2006).The equilibrium stability and the complex bifurcations of the unperturbed system are investigated.The bifurcation sets of the equilibria in parameter space are constructed to demonstrate transitions in the multiple well dynamics for both smooth and discontinuous regimes.The Melnikov method is employed to obtain the analytical criteria of chaotic thresholds for the singular closed orbits of homoclinic,homo-heteroclinic,cuspidal heteroclinic and tangent homoclinic orbits of the perturbed system.
文摘The operating processes of boards of directors are delicate and complex,so corporate legislation cannot simply equate board structure law with board governance law.It is therefore necessary to start from China's actual conditions and grasp the operating processes of Chinese boards with a sober appreciation of the irrational elements in their operating mechanisms.Board governance has entered a new stage of institutionalization,and the law should shift from its emphasis on structure to give equal attention to structure and process in optimizing institutional structure.In the construction of board operating mechanisms,we should treat differently such"living laws"as customs,experiences and traditions,give full play to the functionality of boards'strategic choices,and provide legal regulation of irrational elements,so as to distinguish between different roles,develop consensus,select strong points and improve efficiency.We should build control over board operational procedures,improve the system of functional allocation,correct assessment mechanisms,develop a mechanism for judicial scrutiny of the affective relationships in society and curb such behavioral tendencies as relational identity,structural bias and group polarization,with a view to controlling such"living laws"within the framework of the basic values and principles of board governance.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11131004, 11471169 and 11401555)the Key Laboratory of Pure Mathematics and Combinatorics of Ministry of Education of China and Nankai University, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2014T70589)Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (Grant No. WK0010000037)
文摘If all prime closed geodesics on(S^n, F) with an irreversible Finsler metric F are irrationally elliptic,there exist either exactly 2 [(n+1)/2] or infinitely many distinct closed geodesics. As an application, we show the existence of three distinct closed geodesics on bumpy Finsler(S^3, F) if any prime closed geodesic has non-zero Morse index.
文摘We give a proof of the irrationality of p-adic zeta-values ξp（κ） for p = 2, 3 and κ = 2,3.Such results were recently obtained by Calegari as an application of overconvergent p-adic modular forms. In this paper we present an approach using classical continued fractions discovered by Stieltjes. In addition we show the irrationality of some other p-adic L-series values, and values of the p-adic Hurwitz zeta-function.
