Based on the characteristics of laser-induced surface ignition,energetic photosensitive films show promising potential to meet the ignition requirements of various energetic materials(EMs).In this study,DATNBI/ferric ...Based on the characteristics of laser-induced surface ignition,energetic photosensitive films show promising potential to meet the ignition requirements of various energetic materials(EMs).In this study,DATNBI/ferric alginate(DI/FeA),DI/cobalt alginate(DI/CoA),and DI/nickel alginate(DI/Ni A)films are fabricated by employing sodium alginate(SA)with a three-dimensional network structure as the film matrix,via ionic cross-linking of SA with Fe^(3+),Co^(2+),and Ni^(2+)ions.The study demonstrates that the ionic cross-linking enhances the hydrophobic performance of the films,with the water contact angle increasing from 82.1° to 123.5°.Concurrently,the films'near-infrared(NIR)light absorption improved.Furthermore,transition metal ions facilitate accelerated electron transfer,thereby catalyzing the thermal decomposition of DATNBI.Under 1064 nm laser irradiation,the DI/Fe A film exhibits exceptional combustion performance,with an ignition delay time as low as 76 ms.It successfully acts as an NIR laser ignition medium to initiate the self-sustained combustion of CL-20.This study demonstrates the synergistic realization of enhanced hydrophobicity,improved photosensitivity,and promoted catalytic decomposition through microstructural design of the material,providing new insights for the design of additive-free EMs in laser ignition applications.展开更多
The retrospective study by Edwar et al reinforces the role of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty(PK)as a vital intervention in severe,treatment-resistant infectious keratitis.In advanced cases—often complicated by ...The retrospective study by Edwar et al reinforces the role of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty(PK)as a vital intervention in severe,treatment-resistant infectious keratitis.In advanced cases—often complicated by trauma,delayed presentation,and corneal perforation—PK restores globe integrity and provides limited visual recovery.However,its application is constrained by graft-related complications and donor shortages,particularly in low-resource settings.These limitations highlight the need for earlier,globe-sparing strategies to prevent progression and reduce surgical demand.Photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis-corneal collagen cross-linking(PACK-CXL)has emerged as a promising adjunct or alternative.With both antimicrobial and tissue-stabilizing effects,PACK-CXL may control infection and preserve corneal structure in earlier stages.A layered treatment framework that incorporates PACK-CXL as an initial intervention and reserves PK for refractory cases may help improve clinical outcomes.Further studies are needed to define their best use in practice.展开更多
In order to reduce the hazard of coal spontaneous combustion,the cross-linking reaction between O-containing functional groups of coal should be inhibited.So the inhibitory effect of an ionic liquid(IL) on the cross-l...In order to reduce the hazard of coal spontaneous combustion,the cross-linking reaction between O-containing functional groups of coal should be inhibited.So the inhibitory effect of an ionic liquid(IL) on the cross-linking reaction was studied.The O-containing functional groups change the weight loss and H_2O,CO_2,CO yields of bituminous coal before and after[H0Emim][BF_4]and[Amim]Cl pre-treatment and were detected by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FT1R) and Thermo Gravimetric(TC) analysis.The results show that | AmimjCI has a weaker ability to inhibit the cross-linking reaction of bituminous coal compared to[HOEmim][BF_4].Besides,based on Quantum Chemistry calculation,it was found that the different inhibiting effects of |H0Emim][BF_4]and[Amim]Cl are greatly related to their anions and the H linked with C2 atom on the imidazole ring.The H-donor ability of coal will be enhanced by[HOEmim][BF_4]leading to a weaker cross-linking reaction of coal.展开更多
AIM:To compare simultaneous corneal collagen cross-linking(CXL)with intracorneal ring segment(ICRS)implantation versus successive ICRS followed by CXL and detect the impact of the timing of CXL after ICRS implantation...AIM:To compare simultaneous corneal collagen cross-linking(CXL)with intracorneal ring segment(ICRS)implantation versus successive ICRS followed by CXL and detect the impact of the timing of CXL after ICRS implantation in the successive method.METHODS:This is a retrospective study of the records of three groups of patients.Group 1 of 28 patients were operated on with simultaneous ICRS implantation and CXL,group 2 of 32 patients had ICRS implantation followed by CXL after 1mo,and group 3 of 38 patients had ICRS implantation followed by CXL after 3mo.The three groups had follow-up visits after 6,12,and 24mo.RESULTS:The preoperative data,age,and gender differences among 3 groups revealed no significant differences.The postoperative spherical equivalent and best-corrected visual acuity were improved significantly in all groups compared to the baseline,which were more evident in groups 1 and 2.The differences between preoperative and postoperative mean values of mean of K readings(Km)and maximum K reading(Kmax)at 6mo were 4.66 and 4.1 D in group 1,4.43 and 4.64 D in group 2,but 3.2 and 3.4 D in group 3,respectively.The spherical aberrations and the vertical coma showed significant postoperative changes in all groups,and trefoil showed nonsignificant changes.CONCLUSION:Simultaneous and sequential ICRS implantation and CXL at 1mo has similar Km and Kmax better postoperative changes than when both surgeries were done at three-month intervals.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the response of the anterior and posterior corneal surface in femtosecond laser-assisted convex stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty(SLAK)combined with cross-linking(CXL)for treating keratoconus ...AIM:To investigate the response of the anterior and posterior corneal surface in femtosecond laser-assisted convex stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty(SLAK)combined with cross-linking(CXL)for treating keratoconus at the first 3mo of follow-up.METHODS:In this prospective observational study,20 eyes of 20 keratoconus patients who underwent SLAK combined with CXL were included.The morphological indices in keratometry and elevation data were recorded from the Sirius at baseline and 1 and 3mo postoperatively.The mean values of maximum keratometry(K_(max)),flat keratometry(K_(1)),and steep keratometry(K_(2))at the central,3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm areas were measured from the curvature map.The changes in anterior and posterior corneal elevation under the best-fit sphere(BFS)radius at seven points horizontally of the center,3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm area from the center at both nasal(N)and temporal(T)side were measured from elevation map.RESULTS:For the front corneal curvature,K_(1),and K_(2) at 3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm of the anterior corneal surface increased significantly 1mo postoperatively(all P<0.05)and remained unchanged until 3mo(P>0.05).For the back corneal curvature,K_(1) and K_(2) along the 3-mm back meridian significantly decreased after month 1(P=0.002,0.077,respectively).Posterior K_(2)-readings along the 5-mm and 7-mm did not change after surgery(P>0.05).Anterior BFS decreased 1mo(P<0.001)postoperatively but remained unchanged until 3mo after SLAK(P>0.05).There was no change in posterior BFS before and after the surgery(P>0.05).Anterior elevation at N5,N3,central,and T5 points and posterior elevation at central and T7 points shifted backward 1mo postoperatively(all P<0.05)and remained stable until 3mo(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The myopic SLAK combined with CXL is an economical alternative for stabilizing the corneal surface in severe keraoconus.“Pseudoprogression”occurs in the early phase postoperatively,but it is not an indicator of keratoconus progression.展开更多
Aging is a persistent topic of interest,with skin aging as its most visible manifestation,characterized by a reduction in intact collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis.Hyaluronic acid,a vital component of the extra...Aging is a persistent topic of interest,with skin aging as its most visible manifestation,characterized by a reduction in intact collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis.Hyaluronic acid,a vital component of the extracellular matrix present in the skin,has become a mainstream method for skin rejuvenation through injections.However,the rapid degradation of pure hyaluronic acid,combined with insufficient maintenance duration and often limited therapeutic effects,presents significant challenges for injectable treatments.Additionally,low patient compliance due to discomfort from needles penetrating the dermal layer further complicates its use.In this review,we summarize and compare existing interventions for skin aging,focusing on strategies to prolong the degradation cycle of hyaluronic acid,including variations in cross-linking modalities and injection techniques.We conclude that the injection of cross-linked modified hyaluronic acid via microneedles represents a promising approach to extend the degradation cycle,offering valuable insights for current therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Polymer binders possess significant potential in alleviating the volume expansion issues of silicon-based anodes,yet remain challenging due to insufficient interfacial interactions with individual components(Si,C,and ...Polymer binders possess significant potential in alleviating the volume expansion issues of silicon-based anodes,yet remain challenging due to insufficient interfacial interactions with individual components(Si,C,and Cu)of the anode.Herein,we report the synthesis of a stable three-dimensional network structure of the PAA-PEA(polyacrylic acid-polyether amines)polymer binder through intermolecular physicochemical dual cross-linking.By incorporating polar functional groups,the binder molecules not only form strong C-O-Si,N-Si,O=C-O-C,and O=C-O-Cu covalent bonds but also enhance non-covalent interactions with Si,C,and Cu,thereby improving adhesion between the binder and each interface of the anode.Furthermore,weak hydrogen bonds,acting as"sacrificial bonds",dissipate energy and disperse accumulated stress,improving the material flexibility.Due to the high mechanical stability of the framework,which combines both rigidity and flexibility and the coupling effect at the three interfaces,the movement and separation of electrode components are effectively restrained,significantly enhancing the cycling stability of silicon-graphite anodes.The PAA-PEA 2000 electrode exhibits a capacity retention of 78% after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g^(-1).This work provides insights into the mechanism of binders and guides the design of polymer binders for high-performance Si-based electrodes.展开更多
In this study,a novel cost-effective methodology was developed to enhance the gas barrier properties and permselectivity of unfilled natural rubber(NR)/polybutadiene rubber(BR)composites through the construction of a ...In this study,a novel cost-effective methodology was developed to enhance the gas barrier properties and permselectivity of unfilled natural rubber(NR)/polybutadiene rubber(BR)composites through the construction of a heterogeneous structure using pre-vulcanized powder rubber to replace traditional fillers.The matrix material is composed of a blend of NR and BR,which is widely used in tire manufacturing.By incorporating pre-vulcanized trans-1,4-poly(isoprene-co-butadiene)(TBIR)rubber powder(pVTPR)with different cross-linking densities and contents,significant improvements in the gas barrier properties and CO_(2)permselectivity of the NR/BR/pVTPR composites were observed.The results indicated that compared to NR/BR/TBIR composites prepared through direct blending of NR,BR,and TBIR,the NR/BR/pVTPR composites exhibited markedly superior gas barrier properties.Increasing the cross-linking density of pVTPR resulted in progressive enhancement of the gas barrier properties of the NR/BR/pVTPR composite.For example,the addition of 20 phr pVTPR with a cross-linking density of 346 mol/m^(3)resulted in a 79%improvement in the oxygen barrier property of NR/BR/pVTPR compared to NR/BR,achieving a value of 5.47×10^(-14)cm^(3)·cm·cm^(-2)·s^(-1)·Pa^(-1).Similarly,the nitrogen barrier property improved by 76%compared to NR/BR,reaching 2.4×10^(-14)cm^(3)·cm·cm^(-2)·s^(-1)·Pa^(-1),which is 28%higher than the conventional inner liner material brominated butyl rubber(BIIR,PN2=3.32×10^(-14)cm^(3)·cm·cm^(-2)·s^(-1)·Pa^(-1)).Owing to its low cost,exceptional gas barrier properties,superior adhesion to various tire components,and co-vulcanization capabilities,the NR/BR/pVTPR composite has emerged as a promising alternative to butyl rubber in the inner liner of tires.Furthermore,by fine-tuning the cross-linking density of pVTPR,the high-gas-barrier NR/BR/pVTPR composites also demonstrated remarkable CO_(2)permselectivity,with a CO_(2)/N2 selectivity of 61.4 and a CO_(2)/O_(2)selectivity of 26.12.This innovation provides a novel strategy for CO_(2)capture and separation,with potential applications in future environmental and industrial processes.The multifunctional NR/BR/pVTPR composite,with its superior gas barrier properties and CO_(2)permselectivity,is expected to contribute to the development of safer,greener,and more cost-effective transportation solutions.展开更多
Selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol is a great challenge in the hydrogenation field due to thermodynamic preference for hydrogenation of C=C over C=O.Herein,a novel Al_(2)O_(3)/C-u hybrid catalyst,...Selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol is a great challenge in the hydrogenation field due to thermodynamic preference for hydrogenation of C=C over C=O.Herein,a novel Al_(2)O_(3)/C-u hybrid catalyst,composed of N-modified dendritic carbon networks supporting Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles,was successfully prepared via carbonizing the freeze-dried gel from spontaneous cross-linking of alginate,Al3+and urea.The obtained carbon-supported Al_(2)O_(3)hybrid catalyst has a high ratio (31%) of Al species in pentahedral-coordinated state.The introduction of urea enhances the surface N content,the ratio of pyrrolic N,and specific surface area of catalyst,leading to improved adsorption capacity of C=O and the accessibility of active sites.In the furfural hydrogenation reaction with isopropyl alcohol as hydrogen donor,Al_(2)O_(3)/C-u catalyst achieved a 90%conversion of furfural with 98.0% selectivity to furfuryl alcohol,outperforming that of commercial γ-Al_(2)O_(3).Moreover,Al_(2)O_(3)/C-u demonstrates excellent catalytic stability in the recycling tests attributed to the synergistic effect of abundant weak Lewis acid sites and the anchoring effect of the carbon network on Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles.This work provides an innovative and facile strategy for fabrication of carbon-supported Al_(2)O_(3)hybrid catalysts with rich AlVspecies,serving as a high selective hydrogenation catalyst through MPV reaction route.展开更多
In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with l...In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.展开更多
LiMnxFe1-xPO_(4) is a promising cathode candidate due to its high security and the availability of a high 4.1 V operating voltage and high energy density.However,the poor electrochemical kinetics and structural instab...LiMnxFe1-xPO_(4) is a promising cathode candidate due to its high security and the availability of a high 4.1 V operating voltage and high energy density.However,the poor electrochemical kinetics and structural instability currently hinder its broader application.Herein,inspired by the hydrogen-bonded cross-linking and steric hindrance effect between short-chain polymer molecules(polyethylene glycol-400,PEG-400),the pomegranate-type LiMn_(0.5)Fe_(0.5)PO_(4)-0.5@C(P-LMFP@C)cathode materials with 3D ion/electron dual-conductive network structure were constructed through ball mill-assisted spray-drying method.The intermolecular effects of PEG-400 promote the spheroidization and uniform PEG coating of LMFP precursor,which prevents agglomeration during sintering.The 3D ion/electron dual-conductive network structure in P-LMFP@C accelerates the Li^(+)transport kinetics,improving the rate performance and cycling stability.As a result,the designed P-LMFP@C has remarkable electrochemical behavior,boasting excellent capacity retention(98%after 100 cycles at the 1C rate)and rate capability(91 mAh·g^(-1)at 20C).Such strategy introduces a novel window for designing high-performance olivine cathodes and offers compatibility with a range of energy storage materials for diverse applications.展开更多
As the global textile industry has accelerated its transition to a circular economy,iterative innovation in regenerated cellulose fibers has become a key industry focus.With viscose fiber having been industrialized fo...As the global textile industry has accelerated its transition to a circular economy,iterative innovation in regenerated cellulose fibers has become a key industry focus.With viscose fiber having been industrialized for over a century and lyocell fiber gaining market recognition because of its environmentally friendly process,which is the next regenerated cellulose fiber.Herein,ionic liquids with low vapor pressure,nonflammability,relatively simple recovery,and high dissolution efficiency were used to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers.The viscose and lyocell properties of the fibers were systematically compared,including microscopic morphology,dyeing behavior,fibrillation resistance,mechanical properties,yarn-forming capacity,and fabric performance.The ionic liquid(IL)fiber exhibited a smooth surface and circular cross-section,with the highest tensile strength,moderate dyeing and fibrillation properties,and similar spinning and weaving performance.This work can provide a reference for the commercial application of regenerated cellulose fibers fabricated from ionic liquid.展开更多
Converting body heat into electricity presents an appealing route for sustainably powering wearable electronics;however,conventional thermoelectric materials face significant drawbacks,including high ionic concentrati...Converting body heat into electricity presents an appealing route for sustainably powering wearable electronics;however,conventional thermoelectric materials face significant drawbacks,including high ionic concentrations,toxicity,and limited thermoelectric efficiency.Here,we report an ionic thermoelectric hydrogel designed through precise supramolecular chemistry,utilizing dual molecular interactions,host-vip complexation ofα-cyclodextrin(α-CD)with I_(3)^(-)ions and hydrogen bonding between polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)polymer chains and I_(3)^(-).This molecularly tailored approach markedly amplifies thermoelectric performance,achieving a high thermopower of 2.21 mV/K and a tenfold enhancement in peak power output at an exceptionally low iodine concentration(10 mmol/L I^(-)+2.5 mmol/L I_(3)^(-)).The hydrogel maintains excellent biocompatibility and mechanical robustness,suitable for direct skin contact.Demonstrated applications include flexible thermoelectric devices generating nearly 100 mV from body heat and sensor arrays capable of motion and spatial temperature sensing.These results underscore the substantial potential of supramolecularly designed ionic thermoelectric hydrogels for wearable energy harvesting,personalized healthcare monitoring,and advanced human-computer interfaces.展开更多
Achieving high-energy density remains a key objective for advanced energy storage systems.However,challenges,such as poor cathode conductivity,anode dendrite formation,polysulfide shuttling,and electrolyte degradation...Achieving high-energy density remains a key objective for advanced energy storage systems.However,challenges,such as poor cathode conductivity,anode dendrite formation,polysulfide shuttling,and electrolyte degradation,continue to limit performance and stability.Molecular and ionic dipole interactions have emerged as an effective strategy to address these issues by regulating ionic transport,modulating solvation structures,optimizing interfacial chemistry,and enhancing charge transfer kinetics.These interactions also stabilize electrode interfaces,suppress side reactions,and mitigate anode corrosion,collectively improving the durability of high-energy batteries.A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential to guide the design of next-generation battery materials.Herein,this review summarizes the development,classification,and advantages of dipole interactions in high-energy batteries.The roles of dipoles,including facilitating ion transport,controlling solvation dynamics,stabilizing the electric double layer,optimizing solid electrolyte interphase and cathode–electrolyte interface layers,and inhibiting parasitic reactions—are comprehensively discussed.Finally,perspectives on future research directions are proposed to advance dipole-enabled strategies for high-performance energy storage.This review aims to provide insights into the rational design of dipole-interactive systems and promote the progress of electrochemical energy storage technologies.展开更多
Osmotic energy,existing between the seawater and river water,is a renewable energy source,which can be directly converted into electricity by ion-exchange membranes(IEM).In traditional IEMs,the ion transport channels ...Osmotic energy,existing between the seawater and river water,is a renewable energy source,which can be directly converted into electricity by ion-exchange membranes(IEM).In traditional IEMs,the ion transport channels are formed by nanophase separation of hydrophilic ion carriers and hydrophobic segments.It is difficult to realize high-density ion channels with controlled spatial arrangement and length scale of ion carriers.Herein,we construct high-density 1D ion wires as transmission channels.Through molecular design,hydrophilic imidazole groups and hydrophobic alkyl tails were introduced into the repeat units,which self-assembled into 1D ion transporting core and protecting shell along the main chains.The areal density of the ionic wire arrays is up to~10^(12)cm^(-2),which is the highest value.The ionic wires ensure both high ion flux transport and high selectivity,achieving an ultrahigh-power density of 40.5 W m^(-2)at a 500-fold salinity gradient.Besides,the ionic wire array membrane is well recyclable and antibacterial.The ionic wires provide novel concept for next generation of high-performance membranes.展开更多
Porous ionic liquid electrospray thrusters are the ideal propulsion technology for CubeSats because of their structural simplicity,high thrust accuracy and plume self-neutralization.The electrowetting technology can r...Porous ionic liquid electrospray thrusters are the ideal propulsion technology for CubeSats because of their structural simplicity,high thrust accuracy and plume self-neutralization.The electrowetting technology can replenish the propellant for the emitter online,thus prolonging the lifetime of the thruster.In order to gain a deeper understanding of its operating characteristics,the changes in thruster performance before and after propellant replenishment deserve to be scrutinized.In this study,the performance changes of a porous electrowetting ionic liquid electrospray thruster are tested by voltage-current test and time-of-flight mass spectrometry over a long operating time.The experimental results show that asymmetric operation with a negative current less than positive current for a long period of time causes anions to compensate for the emission after accumulation at the emitter,resulting in a phenomenon that the negative current is much larger than positive current.The reason for the difference in emission characteristics between the positive and negative modes is that the plume in the positive mode is quite ionized while the plume in the negative mode contains liquid droplets.This study provides a reference for the selection of operating conditions for ionic liquid electrospray thrusters.展开更多
The rapid proliferation of microelectronics,coupled with the advent of the internet ofthings(IoT)era,has created an urgent demand for miniaturized,integrable,and reliable on-chip energystorage systems.All-solid-state ...The rapid proliferation of microelectronics,coupled with the advent of the internet ofthings(IoT)era,has created an urgent demand for miniaturized,integrable,and reliable on-chip energystorage systems.All-solid-state thin-film microbatteries(TFMBs),distinguished by their intrinsicsafety,compact design,and compatibility with microfabrication techniques,have emerged as promisingcandidates to power next-generation IoT devices.Nevertheless,in contrast to the well-establisheddevelopment of conventional lithium-ion batteries,the advancement of TFMBs remains at an earlystage,facing persistent challenges in materials innovation,interface optimization,and scalable manufacturing.This review critically examines the pivotal role of vapor deposition technologies,includingmagnetron sputtering,pulsed laser deposition,thermal/electron-beam evaporation,chemical vapordeposition,and atomic layer deposition,in the fabrication and performance modulation of TFMBs.We systematically summarize recent progress in thin-film electrodes and solid-state electrolytes,withparticular emphasis on how deposition parameters dictate crystallinity,lattice orientation,and ionictransport in functional layers.Furthermore,we highlight strategies for solid-solid interface engineering,three-dimensional structural design,andmultifunctional integration to enhance capacity retention,cycling stability,and interfacial compatibility.Looking ahead,TFMBs are expectedto evolve toward multifunctional platforms,exhibiting mechanical flexibility,optical transparency,and hybrid energy-harvesting compatibility,thereby meeting the heterogeneous energy requirements of future IoT ecosystems.Overall,this review provides a comprehensive perspective onvapor-phase-enabled TFMB technologies,delivering both theoretical insights and technological guidelines for the scalable realization of highperformancemicroscale power sources.展开更多
The practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)requires electrolytes that simultaneously ensure high safety and interfacial stability.Although locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes(LCILEs)exhibit e...The practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)requires electrolytes that simultaneously ensure high safety and interfacial stability.Although locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes(LCILEs)exhibit exceptional electrochemical stability and compatibility with electrode electrolyte interfaces(EEIs),two major challenges persist:(i)safety risks caused by excessive low-flash-point diluents,and(ii)insufficient understanding of how diluents modulate solvation structures.Herein,we introduce a low-diluent-content LCILE system composed of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)salt,N-methyl-N-propyl-pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(Pyr_(13)FSI)ionic liquid,and trifluoromethanesulfonate(TFS)diluent.The TFS diluent strengthens ion-ion interactions by lowering the dielectric constant of the electrolyte,resulting in the formation of a unique nanometric anion aggregates(N-AGGs)reinforced solvation structure.These large anionic clusters exhibit accelerated redox decomposition kinetics,facilitating the rapid formation of a thin,dense,and low-impedance EEI.Consequently,the Li/LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)coin cell achieves 87.8%capacity retention over 300 cycles at 4.3 V,while a practical 1.4 Ah Li/NCM622 pouch cell retains 84.5%capacity after 80 cycles at 4.5 V.Furthermore,the electrolyte demonstrates exceptional safety,and 2 Ah Li metal pouch cells successfully pass rigorous nail penetration tests without any ignition or explosion.This work not only provides a design strategy for intrinsically safe and high-performance electrolytes but also highlights the critical role of anion cluster decomposition kinetics in shaping EEI formation.展开更多
Owing to the presence of a low-energy,long-lived nuclear isomeric state,^(229)Th is an ideal candidate for developing the next generation clock—the nuclear clock—holding great promise for both applied and fundamenta...Owing to the presence of a low-energy,long-lived nuclear isomeric state,^(229)Th is an ideal candidate for developing the next generation clock—the nuclear clock—holding great promise for both applied and fundamental physics.The^(229)Th ionic nuclear optical clock has garnered considerable attention,attributed to its high precision with a relative uncertainty of≤1.5×10^(-19)and the potential for common-mode noise cancellation via self-comparison between the nuclear transition and the electronic transition of thorium ions.In this article,we focus on Th^(n+)ions(n=1,2,3)and present a comprehensive review of the current progress in the development of ionic nuclear clocks,covering essential steps such as ion generation,trapping,and cooling.Furthermore,we discuss the realization of a closed-loop clock cycle,addressing key aspects including stable isomer excitation and efficient isomer deexcitation.展开更多
AIM：To compare the effectiveness and safety between modified cross-linking（MC）and standard cross-linking（SC）in mild or moderate progressive keratoconus.METHODS：Eligible studies were retrieved from four electroni...AIM：To compare the effectiveness and safety between modified cross-linking（MC）and standard cross-linking（SC）in mild or moderate progressive keratoconus.METHODS：Eligible studies were retrieved from four electronic databases,including CENTRAL,Clinical Trials gov,Pup Med and OVID MEDLINE.We set post-surgical maximum K value（Kmax）as the primary outcome.In addition,uncorrected and corrected distant visual acuity（UDVA and UDVA）,spherical equivalent（SE）,endothelial cell density（ECD）,central cornea thickness（CCT）and depth of demarcation line（DDL）were Meta-analyzed as secondary outcomes.Mean differences for these outcomes were pooled through either a random-effect model or fixed-effect model according to data heterogeneity.RESULTS：Twenty-four comparative studies either on accelerated cross-linking（AC）compared with SC or on transepithelial cross-linking（TC）compared with SC were included and pooled for analysis.The results indicated that MC was significantly inferior to SC at delaying Kmax deterioration[AC vs SC 0.49（95%CI：0.04-0.94,I2=75%,P=0.03）;TC vs SC 1.15（95%CI：0.54-1.75,I2=50%,P=0.0002）].SE decreased significantly for SC when compared to AC[0.62（95%CI：0.38-0.86,I2=22%,P〈0.00001）].DDL of SC was more significantly deeper than that of TC[-133.49（95%CI：-145.94 to-121.04,I2=33%,P〈0.00001）].Other outcomes demonstrated comparable results between MC and SC.CONCLUSION：SC is more favorable at halting the progression of keratoconus,but visual acuity improvement showed comparable results between MCs and SC.展开更多
基金supported by Research Fund of SWUST for PhD(Grant No.22zx7175)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2024NSFSC1097)。
文摘Based on the characteristics of laser-induced surface ignition,energetic photosensitive films show promising potential to meet the ignition requirements of various energetic materials(EMs).In this study,DATNBI/ferric alginate(DI/FeA),DI/cobalt alginate(DI/CoA),and DI/nickel alginate(DI/Ni A)films are fabricated by employing sodium alginate(SA)with a three-dimensional network structure as the film matrix,via ionic cross-linking of SA with Fe^(3+),Co^(2+),and Ni^(2+)ions.The study demonstrates that the ionic cross-linking enhances the hydrophobic performance of the films,with the water contact angle increasing from 82.1° to 123.5°.Concurrently,the films'near-infrared(NIR)light absorption improved.Furthermore,transition metal ions facilitate accelerated electron transfer,thereby catalyzing the thermal decomposition of DATNBI.Under 1064 nm laser irradiation,the DI/Fe A film exhibits exceptional combustion performance,with an ignition delay time as low as 76 ms.It successfully acts as an NIR laser ignition medium to initiate the self-sustained combustion of CL-20.This study demonstrates the synergistic realization of enhanced hydrophobicity,improved photosensitivity,and promoted catalytic decomposition through microstructural design of the material,providing new insights for the design of additive-free EMs in laser ignition applications.
文摘The retrospective study by Edwar et al reinforces the role of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty(PK)as a vital intervention in severe,treatment-resistant infectious keratitis.In advanced cases—often complicated by trauma,delayed presentation,and corneal perforation—PK restores globe integrity and provides limited visual recovery.However,its application is constrained by graft-related complications and donor shortages,particularly in low-resource settings.These limitations highlight the need for earlier,globe-sparing strategies to prevent progression and reduce surgical demand.Photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis-corneal collagen cross-linking(PACK-CXL)has emerged as a promising adjunct or alternative.With both antimicrobial and tissue-stabilizing effects,PACK-CXL may control infection and preserve corneal structure in earlier stages.A layered treatment framework that incorporates PACK-CXL as an initial intervention and reserves PK for refractory cases may help improve clinical outcomes.Further studies are needed to define their best use in practice.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51304073and 51304071)the Educational Commission of Henan Province(Nos.13A440324 and 12B440004)+1 种基金the Open Projects of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining,China University of Mining and Technology(No.12KF02)Henan Polytechnic University(Nos.B2012-068 and B2012-085)
文摘In order to reduce the hazard of coal spontaneous combustion,the cross-linking reaction between O-containing functional groups of coal should be inhibited.So the inhibitory effect of an ionic liquid(IL) on the cross-linking reaction was studied.The O-containing functional groups change the weight loss and H_2O,CO_2,CO yields of bituminous coal before and after[H0Emim][BF_4]and[Amim]Cl pre-treatment and were detected by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FT1R) and Thermo Gravimetric(TC) analysis.The results show that | AmimjCI has a weaker ability to inhibit the cross-linking reaction of bituminous coal compared to[HOEmim][BF_4].Besides,based on Quantum Chemistry calculation,it was found that the different inhibiting effects of |H0Emim][BF_4]and[Amim]Cl are greatly related to their anions and the H linked with C2 atom on the imidazole ring.The H-donor ability of coal will be enhanced by[HOEmim][BF_4]leading to a weaker cross-linking reaction of coal.
文摘AIM:To compare simultaneous corneal collagen cross-linking(CXL)with intracorneal ring segment(ICRS)implantation versus successive ICRS followed by CXL and detect the impact of the timing of CXL after ICRS implantation in the successive method.METHODS:This is a retrospective study of the records of three groups of patients.Group 1 of 28 patients were operated on with simultaneous ICRS implantation and CXL,group 2 of 32 patients had ICRS implantation followed by CXL after 1mo,and group 3 of 38 patients had ICRS implantation followed by CXL after 3mo.The three groups had follow-up visits after 6,12,and 24mo.RESULTS:The preoperative data,age,and gender differences among 3 groups revealed no significant differences.The postoperative spherical equivalent and best-corrected visual acuity were improved significantly in all groups compared to the baseline,which were more evident in groups 1 and 2.The differences between preoperative and postoperative mean values of mean of K readings(Km)and maximum K reading(Kmax)at 6mo were 4.66 and 4.1 D in group 1,4.43 and 4.64 D in group 2,but 3.2 and 3.4 D in group 3,respectively.The spherical aberrations and the vertical coma showed significant postoperative changes in all groups,and trefoil showed nonsignificant changes.CONCLUSION:Simultaneous and sequential ICRS implantation and CXL at 1mo has similar Km and Kmax better postoperative changes than when both surgeries were done at three-month intervals.
基金Supported by the Social Development Grant of Shaanxi Province(No.2022SF-404)the Science and Technology Program of Xi’an,China(No.23YXYJ0010,No.23YXYJ0037)+1 种基金the Research Project of Xi’an Health Commission(No.2024ms05)the Technology Innovation Supporting Program of Shaanxi(No.2024RS-CXTD-11).
文摘AIM:To investigate the response of the anterior and posterior corneal surface in femtosecond laser-assisted convex stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty(SLAK)combined with cross-linking(CXL)for treating keratoconus at the first 3mo of follow-up.METHODS:In this prospective observational study,20 eyes of 20 keratoconus patients who underwent SLAK combined with CXL were included.The morphological indices in keratometry and elevation data were recorded from the Sirius at baseline and 1 and 3mo postoperatively.The mean values of maximum keratometry(K_(max)),flat keratometry(K_(1)),and steep keratometry(K_(2))at the central,3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm areas were measured from the curvature map.The changes in anterior and posterior corneal elevation under the best-fit sphere(BFS)radius at seven points horizontally of the center,3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm area from the center at both nasal(N)and temporal(T)side were measured from elevation map.RESULTS:For the front corneal curvature,K_(1),and K_(2) at 3-mm,5-mm,and 7-mm of the anterior corneal surface increased significantly 1mo postoperatively(all P<0.05)and remained unchanged until 3mo(P>0.05).For the back corneal curvature,K_(1) and K_(2) along the 3-mm back meridian significantly decreased after month 1(P=0.002,0.077,respectively).Posterior K_(2)-readings along the 5-mm and 7-mm did not change after surgery(P>0.05).Anterior BFS decreased 1mo(P<0.001)postoperatively but remained unchanged until 3mo after SLAK(P>0.05).There was no change in posterior BFS before and after the surgery(P>0.05).Anterior elevation at N5,N3,central,and T5 points and posterior elevation at central and T7 points shifted backward 1mo postoperatively(all P<0.05)and remained stable until 3mo(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The myopic SLAK combined with CXL is an economical alternative for stabilizing the corneal surface in severe keraoconus.“Pseudoprogression”occurs in the early phase postoperatively,but it is not an indicator of keratoconus progression.
基金financial support from several corporate sponsors.Contributions were made by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32071332)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Project(Grant No.JCYJ20210324095802006)+2 种基金Ningbo Bureau of Science and Technology(Grant No.2023Z187)TransEasy Medical Tech.Co.,Ltd.(Grant No.2021114)Shenzhen University MedTech Innovation Fund(2023YG027).
文摘Aging is a persistent topic of interest,with skin aging as its most visible manifestation,characterized by a reduction in intact collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis.Hyaluronic acid,a vital component of the extracellular matrix present in the skin,has become a mainstream method for skin rejuvenation through injections.However,the rapid degradation of pure hyaluronic acid,combined with insufficient maintenance duration and often limited therapeutic effects,presents significant challenges for injectable treatments.Additionally,low patient compliance due to discomfort from needles penetrating the dermal layer further complicates its use.In this review,we summarize and compare existing interventions for skin aging,focusing on strategies to prolong the degradation cycle of hyaluronic acid,including variations in cross-linking modalities and injection techniques.We conclude that the injection of cross-linked modified hyaluronic acid via microneedles represents a promising approach to extend the degradation cycle,offering valuable insights for current therapeutic strategies.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 21878299]。
文摘Polymer binders possess significant potential in alleviating the volume expansion issues of silicon-based anodes,yet remain challenging due to insufficient interfacial interactions with individual components(Si,C,and Cu)of the anode.Herein,we report the synthesis of a stable three-dimensional network structure of the PAA-PEA(polyacrylic acid-polyether amines)polymer binder through intermolecular physicochemical dual cross-linking.By incorporating polar functional groups,the binder molecules not only form strong C-O-Si,N-Si,O=C-O-C,and O=C-O-Cu covalent bonds but also enhance non-covalent interactions with Si,C,and Cu,thereby improving adhesion between the binder and each interface of the anode.Furthermore,weak hydrogen bonds,acting as"sacrificial bonds",dissipate energy and disperse accumulated stress,improving the material flexibility.Due to the high mechanical stability of the framework,which combines both rigidity and flexibility and the coupling effect at the three interfaces,the movement and separation of electrode components are effectively restrained,significantly enhancing the cycling stability of silicon-graphite anodes.The PAA-PEA 2000 electrode exhibits a capacity retention of 78% after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g^(-1).This work provides insights into the mechanism of binders and guides the design of polymer binders for high-performance Si-based electrodes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFB3704700(2022YFB3704702))the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52473096)+1 种基金Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province (No. 2021CXGC010901)Taishan Scholar Program
文摘In this study,a novel cost-effective methodology was developed to enhance the gas barrier properties and permselectivity of unfilled natural rubber(NR)/polybutadiene rubber(BR)composites through the construction of a heterogeneous structure using pre-vulcanized powder rubber to replace traditional fillers.The matrix material is composed of a blend of NR and BR,which is widely used in tire manufacturing.By incorporating pre-vulcanized trans-1,4-poly(isoprene-co-butadiene)(TBIR)rubber powder(pVTPR)with different cross-linking densities and contents,significant improvements in the gas barrier properties and CO_(2)permselectivity of the NR/BR/pVTPR composites were observed.The results indicated that compared to NR/BR/TBIR composites prepared through direct blending of NR,BR,and TBIR,the NR/BR/pVTPR composites exhibited markedly superior gas barrier properties.Increasing the cross-linking density of pVTPR resulted in progressive enhancement of the gas barrier properties of the NR/BR/pVTPR composite.For example,the addition of 20 phr pVTPR with a cross-linking density of 346 mol/m^(3)resulted in a 79%improvement in the oxygen barrier property of NR/BR/pVTPR compared to NR/BR,achieving a value of 5.47×10^(-14)cm^(3)·cm·cm^(-2)·s^(-1)·Pa^(-1).Similarly,the nitrogen barrier property improved by 76%compared to NR/BR,reaching 2.4×10^(-14)cm^(3)·cm·cm^(-2)·s^(-1)·Pa^(-1),which is 28%higher than the conventional inner liner material brominated butyl rubber(BIIR,PN2=3.32×10^(-14)cm^(3)·cm·cm^(-2)·s^(-1)·Pa^(-1)).Owing to its low cost,exceptional gas barrier properties,superior adhesion to various tire components,and co-vulcanization capabilities,the NR/BR/pVTPR composite has emerged as a promising alternative to butyl rubber in the inner liner of tires.Furthermore,by fine-tuning the cross-linking density of pVTPR,the high-gas-barrier NR/BR/pVTPR composites also demonstrated remarkable CO_(2)permselectivity,with a CO_(2)/N2 selectivity of 61.4 and a CO_(2)/O_(2)selectivity of 26.12.This innovation provides a novel strategy for CO_(2)capture and separation,with potential applications in future environmental and industrial processes.The multifunctional NR/BR/pVTPR composite,with its superior gas barrier properties and CO_(2)permselectivity,is expected to contribute to the development of safer,greener,and more cost-effective transportation solutions.
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M733451)Dalian Innovation Team in Key Areas(2020RT06)Engineering Research Center for Key Aromatic Compounds and LiaoNing Key Laboratory,Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Doctoral Research Start-up Fund 2024-BSBA-37)。
文摘Selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol is a great challenge in the hydrogenation field due to thermodynamic preference for hydrogenation of C=C over C=O.Herein,a novel Al_(2)O_(3)/C-u hybrid catalyst,composed of N-modified dendritic carbon networks supporting Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles,was successfully prepared via carbonizing the freeze-dried gel from spontaneous cross-linking of alginate,Al3+and urea.The obtained carbon-supported Al_(2)O_(3)hybrid catalyst has a high ratio (31%) of Al species in pentahedral-coordinated state.The introduction of urea enhances the surface N content,the ratio of pyrrolic N,and specific surface area of catalyst,leading to improved adsorption capacity of C=O and the accessibility of active sites.In the furfural hydrogenation reaction with isopropyl alcohol as hydrogen donor,Al_(2)O_(3)/C-u catalyst achieved a 90%conversion of furfural with 98.0% selectivity to furfuryl alcohol,outperforming that of commercial γ-Al_(2)O_(3).Moreover,Al_(2)O_(3)/C-u demonstrates excellent catalytic stability in the recycling tests attributed to the synergistic effect of abundant weak Lewis acid sites and the anchoring effect of the carbon network on Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles.This work provides an innovative and facile strategy for fabrication of carbon-supported Al_(2)O_(3)hybrid catalysts with rich AlVspecies,serving as a high selective hydrogenation catalyst through MPV reaction route.
文摘In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of Xiamen(No.3502Z20231057)Industry Leading Key Projects of Fujian Province(No.2022H0057)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21975212)High-Level Talent Start-Up Foundation of Xiamen Institute of Technology for financial support(No.YKJ23017R)Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Program of Xiamen University of Technology(No.YKJCX2023194).
文摘LiMnxFe1-xPO_(4) is a promising cathode candidate due to its high security and the availability of a high 4.1 V operating voltage and high energy density.However,the poor electrochemical kinetics and structural instability currently hinder its broader application.Herein,inspired by the hydrogen-bonded cross-linking and steric hindrance effect between short-chain polymer molecules(polyethylene glycol-400,PEG-400),the pomegranate-type LiMn_(0.5)Fe_(0.5)PO_(4)-0.5@C(P-LMFP@C)cathode materials with 3D ion/electron dual-conductive network structure were constructed through ball mill-assisted spray-drying method.The intermolecular effects of PEG-400 promote the spheroidization and uniform PEG coating of LMFP precursor,which prevents agglomeration during sintering.The 3D ion/electron dual-conductive network structure in P-LMFP@C accelerates the Li^(+)transport kinetics,improving the rate performance and cycling stability.As a result,the designed P-LMFP@C has remarkable electrochemical behavior,boasting excellent capacity retention(98%after 100 cycles at the 1C rate)and rate capability(91 mAh·g^(-1)at 20C).Such strategy introduces a novel window for designing high-performance olivine cathodes and offers compatibility with a range of energy storage materials for diverse applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22005226 and 52203124)Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry,Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.CCNC-202402)+1 种基金the Basic and Advanced Research Project from Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(No.2022013988065201)Hubei Integrative Technology and Innovation Center for Advanced Fiberous Materials,project(No.XC2024G3013)。
文摘As the global textile industry has accelerated its transition to a circular economy,iterative innovation in regenerated cellulose fibers has become a key industry focus.With viscose fiber having been industrialized for over a century and lyocell fiber gaining market recognition because of its environmentally friendly process,which is the next regenerated cellulose fiber.Herein,ionic liquids with low vapor pressure,nonflammability,relatively simple recovery,and high dissolution efficiency were used to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers.The viscose and lyocell properties of the fibers were systematically compared,including microscopic morphology,dyeing behavior,fibrillation resistance,mechanical properties,yarn-forming capacity,and fabric performance.The ionic liquid(IL)fiber exhibited a smooth surface and circular cross-section,with the highest tensile strength,moderate dyeing and fibrillation properties,and similar spinning and weaving performance.This work can provide a reference for the commercial application of regenerated cellulose fibers fabricated from ionic liquid.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22271110)the Natural Science Founda-tion of Hubei Province(2022CFA031)。
文摘Converting body heat into electricity presents an appealing route for sustainably powering wearable electronics;however,conventional thermoelectric materials face significant drawbacks,including high ionic concentrations,toxicity,and limited thermoelectric efficiency.Here,we report an ionic thermoelectric hydrogel designed through precise supramolecular chemistry,utilizing dual molecular interactions,host-vip complexation ofα-cyclodextrin(α-CD)with I_(3)^(-)ions and hydrogen bonding between polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)polymer chains and I_(3)^(-).This molecularly tailored approach markedly amplifies thermoelectric performance,achieving a high thermopower of 2.21 mV/K and a tenfold enhancement in peak power output at an exceptionally low iodine concentration(10 mmol/L I^(-)+2.5 mmol/L I_(3)^(-)).The hydrogel maintains excellent biocompatibility and mechanical robustness,suitable for direct skin contact.Demonstrated applications include flexible thermoelectric devices generating nearly 100 mV from body heat and sensor arrays capable of motion and spatial temperature sensing.These results underscore the substantial potential of supramolecularly designed ionic thermoelectric hydrogels for wearable energy harvesting,personalized healthcare monitoring,and advanced human-computer interfaces.
基金supported by the introduction of Talent Research Fund in Nanjing Institute of Technology(YKJ202204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52401282 and 52300206)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230701 and BK20230705).
文摘Achieving high-energy density remains a key objective for advanced energy storage systems.However,challenges,such as poor cathode conductivity,anode dendrite formation,polysulfide shuttling,and electrolyte degradation,continue to limit performance and stability.Molecular and ionic dipole interactions have emerged as an effective strategy to address these issues by regulating ionic transport,modulating solvation structures,optimizing interfacial chemistry,and enhancing charge transfer kinetics.These interactions also stabilize electrode interfaces,suppress side reactions,and mitigate anode corrosion,collectively improving the durability of high-energy batteries.A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is essential to guide the design of next-generation battery materials.Herein,this review summarizes the development,classification,and advantages of dipole interactions in high-energy batteries.The roles of dipoles,including facilitating ion transport,controlling solvation dynamics,stabilizing the electric double layer,optimizing solid electrolyte interphase and cathode–electrolyte interface layers,and inhibiting parasitic reactions—are comprehensively discussed.Finally,perspectives on future research directions are proposed to advance dipole-enabled strategies for high-performance energy storage.This review aims to provide insights into the rational design of dipole-interactive systems and promote the progress of electrochemical energy storage technologies.
基金financially supported by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(2022SFGC0801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22005162 and 22175009)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020QE093)。
文摘Osmotic energy,existing between the seawater and river water,is a renewable energy source,which can be directly converted into electricity by ion-exchange membranes(IEM).In traditional IEMs,the ion transport channels are formed by nanophase separation of hydrophilic ion carriers and hydrophobic segments.It is difficult to realize high-density ion channels with controlled spatial arrangement and length scale of ion carriers.Herein,we construct high-density 1D ion wires as transmission channels.Through molecular design,hydrophilic imidazole groups and hydrophobic alkyl tails were introduced into the repeat units,which self-assembled into 1D ion transporting core and protecting shell along the main chains.The areal density of the ionic wire arrays is up to~10^(12)cm^(-2),which is the highest value.The ionic wires ensure both high ion flux transport and high selectivity,achieving an ultrahigh-power density of 40.5 W m^(-2)at a 500-fold salinity gradient.Besides,the ionic wire array membrane is well recyclable and antibacterial.The ionic wires provide novel concept for next generation of high-performance membranes.
基金co-supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2020YFC2201103 and 2022YFB4601300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22B20120)+1 种基金the Program of Beijing Engineering Research Center of Efficient and Green Aerospace Propulsion Technology,China(No.Lab ASP-2024-09)the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars,China。
文摘Porous ionic liquid electrospray thrusters are the ideal propulsion technology for CubeSats because of their structural simplicity,high thrust accuracy and plume self-neutralization.The electrowetting technology can replenish the propellant for the emitter online,thus prolonging the lifetime of the thruster.In order to gain a deeper understanding of its operating characteristics,the changes in thruster performance before and after propellant replenishment deserve to be scrutinized.In this study,the performance changes of a porous electrowetting ionic liquid electrospray thruster are tested by voltage-current test and time-of-flight mass spectrometry over a long operating time.The experimental results show that asymmetric operation with a negative current less than positive current for a long period of time causes anions to compensate for the emission after accumulation at the emitter,resulting in a phenomenon that the negative current is much larger than positive current.The reason for the difference in emission characteristics between the positive and negative modes is that the plume in the positive mode is quite ionized while the plume in the negative mode contains liquid droplets.This study provides a reference for the selection of operating conditions for ionic liquid electrospray thrusters.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1608800)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012385,2024B1515120042)+5 种基金Shenzhen Foundation Research Fund(JCYJ20240813095004006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12426301,12275119,52227802)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20200820113047086)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries(SYSPG20241211173726011)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices(2019B121205001)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power(2018B030322001)。
文摘The rapid proliferation of microelectronics,coupled with the advent of the internet ofthings(IoT)era,has created an urgent demand for miniaturized,integrable,and reliable on-chip energystorage systems.All-solid-state thin-film microbatteries(TFMBs),distinguished by their intrinsicsafety,compact design,and compatibility with microfabrication techniques,have emerged as promisingcandidates to power next-generation IoT devices.Nevertheless,in contrast to the well-establisheddevelopment of conventional lithium-ion batteries,the advancement of TFMBs remains at an earlystage,facing persistent challenges in materials innovation,interface optimization,and scalable manufacturing.This review critically examines the pivotal role of vapor deposition technologies,includingmagnetron sputtering,pulsed laser deposition,thermal/electron-beam evaporation,chemical vapordeposition,and atomic layer deposition,in the fabrication and performance modulation of TFMBs.We systematically summarize recent progress in thin-film electrodes and solid-state electrolytes,withparticular emphasis on how deposition parameters dictate crystallinity,lattice orientation,and ionictransport in functional layers.Furthermore,we highlight strategies for solid-solid interface engineering,three-dimensional structural design,andmultifunctional integration to enhance capacity retention,cycling stability,and interfacial compatibility.Looking ahead,TFMBs are expectedto evolve toward multifunctional platforms,exhibiting mechanical flexibility,optical transparency,and hybrid energy-harvesting compatibility,thereby meeting the heterogeneous energy requirements of future IoT ecosystems.Overall,this review provides a comprehensive perspective onvapor-phase-enabled TFMB technologies,delivering both theoretical insights and technological guidelines for the scalable realization of highperformancemicroscale power sources.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0207300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22179142 and 22075314)+1 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Program(Grant No.BG 2024020).XPSWAXS and TOF-SIMS characterizations were supported by Nano-X(Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation,Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO),Suzhou 215123,China)。
文摘The practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)requires electrolytes that simultaneously ensure high safety and interfacial stability.Although locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes(LCILEs)exhibit exceptional electrochemical stability and compatibility with electrode electrolyte interfaces(EEIs),two major challenges persist:(i)safety risks caused by excessive low-flash-point diluents,and(ii)insufficient understanding of how diluents modulate solvation structures.Herein,we introduce a low-diluent-content LCILE system composed of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)salt,N-methyl-N-propyl-pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(Pyr_(13)FSI)ionic liquid,and trifluoromethanesulfonate(TFS)diluent.The TFS diluent strengthens ion-ion interactions by lowering the dielectric constant of the electrolyte,resulting in the formation of a unique nanometric anion aggregates(N-AGGs)reinforced solvation structure.These large anionic clusters exhibit accelerated redox decomposition kinetics,facilitating the rapid formation of a thin,dense,and low-impedance EEI.Consequently,the Li/LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)coin cell achieves 87.8%capacity retention over 300 cycles at 4.3 V,while a practical 1.4 Ah Li/NCM622 pouch cell retains 84.5%capacity after 80 cycles at 4.5 V.Furthermore,the electrolyte demonstrates exceptional safety,and 2 Ah Li metal pouch cells successfully pass rigorous nail penetration tests without any ignition or explosion.This work not only provides a design strategy for intrinsically safe and high-performance electrolytes but also highlights the critical role of anion cluster decomposition kinetics in shaping EEI formation.
基金Project supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0920000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12341401)。
文摘Owing to the presence of a low-energy,long-lived nuclear isomeric state,^(229)Th is an ideal candidate for developing the next generation clock—the nuclear clock—holding great promise for both applied and fundamental physics.The^(229)Th ionic nuclear optical clock has garnered considerable attention,attributed to its high precision with a relative uncertainty of≤1.5×10^(-19)and the potential for common-mode noise cancellation via self-comparison between the nuclear transition and the electronic transition of thorium ions.In this article,we focus on Th^(n+)ions(n=1,2,3)and present a comprehensive review of the current progress in the development of ionic nuclear clocks,covering essential steps such as ion generation,trapping,and cooling.Furthermore,we discuss the realization of a closed-loop clock cycle,addressing key aspects including stable isomer excitation and efficient isomer deexcitation.
文摘AIM：To compare the effectiveness and safety between modified cross-linking（MC）and standard cross-linking（SC）in mild or moderate progressive keratoconus.METHODS：Eligible studies were retrieved from four electronic databases,including CENTRAL,Clinical Trials gov,Pup Med and OVID MEDLINE.We set post-surgical maximum K value（Kmax）as the primary outcome.In addition,uncorrected and corrected distant visual acuity（UDVA and UDVA）,spherical equivalent（SE）,endothelial cell density（ECD）,central cornea thickness（CCT）and depth of demarcation line（DDL）were Meta-analyzed as secondary outcomes.Mean differences for these outcomes were pooled through either a random-effect model or fixed-effect model according to data heterogeneity.RESULTS：Twenty-four comparative studies either on accelerated cross-linking（AC）compared with SC or on transepithelial cross-linking（TC）compared with SC were included and pooled for analysis.The results indicated that MC was significantly inferior to SC at delaying Kmax deterioration[AC vs SC 0.49（95%CI：0.04-0.94,I2=75%,P=0.03）;TC vs SC 1.15（95%CI：0.54-1.75,I2=50%,P=0.0002）].SE decreased significantly for SC when compared to AC[0.62（95%CI：0.38-0.86,I2=22%,P〈0.00001）].DDL of SC was more significantly deeper than that of TC[-133.49（95%CI：-145.94 to-121.04,I2=33%,P〈0.00001）].Other outcomes demonstrated comparable results between MC and SC.CONCLUSION：SC is more favorable at halting the progression of keratoconus,but visual acuity improvement showed comparable results between MCs and SC.
