Objective To study the characterization apportionment of main ion concentrations of PM10 under the influence of trajectory wind direction in London. Methods PM10 samples from 1 May 1995 to 30 October 1995 of Oxford St...Objective To study the characterization apportionment of main ion concentrations of PM10 under the influence of trajectory wind direction in London. Methods PM10 samples from 1 May 1995 to 30 October 1995 of Oxford Street of Central London were collected, the metals and anions of which were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry （AAS） and ion chromatography （IC）. Composite trajectories representative of the air mass arriving in London at the same period were calculated based on basic routine back trajectories from the British Atmospheric Data Centre （BADC）. Results Concentration apportionments of main ions were similar when the trajectory was plotted back at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, some were obviously different. Mg, Ba, Pb, and Cu had similar peak apportionments at the area 180°-320°, but Zn and Ni at the area of 90°-270°, NO3^- and SO4^2- at the area of 100°-220°. Cl^- concentration peak apportionment was at the area of 220°-300°, which showed that Cl^- mainly came from the North Sea. Conclusion Trajectory wind direction has important effect on ion concentration apportionment of PM10 in London. The ions have similar concentration peak apportionments or their correlation coefficients are statistically significant.展开更多
在对高压直流(HVDC)输电线路下的电磁环境进行预测时,地面合成场强和离子流密度的计算问题实际上是一个多维非线性问题。在对剖分单元进行处理时,为了解决传统的有限元方法、上流有限元法采取线性假设与线性插值,存在计算量大、精度差...在对高压直流(HVDC)输电线路下的电磁环境进行预测时,地面合成场强和离子流密度的计算问题实际上是一个多维非线性问题。在对剖分单元进行处理时,为了解决传统的有限元方法、上流有限元法采取线性假设与线性插值,存在计算量大、精度差、算法效率低的问题,提出一种新的非线性空间电荷密度插值方法,从理论上推导了算法的实现过程,并基于上流有限元方法对离子电流密度方程进行迭代求解。采用该算法对现场运行的±500 k V和±800 k V输电线路离子流场进行了理论计算与现场实地测量,并将理论计算结果与实际测量结果进行了对比,结果表明:所提出的算法能在减少计算量的同时提高计算的准确度。针对风速对双极离子流场影响的研究较少的情况,研究讨论了不同风速影响下的双极离子流场问题,得到了风速对双极离子流场地面最大合成场强和离子流密度影响的规律,为新的直流输电线路的设计提供了有力的参考。展开更多
基金This work was supported by China Scholarship Council.
文摘Objective To study the characterization apportionment of main ion concentrations of PM10 under the influence of trajectory wind direction in London. Methods PM10 samples from 1 May 1995 to 30 October 1995 of Oxford Street of Central London were collected, the metals and anions of which were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry （AAS） and ion chromatography （IC）. Composite trajectories representative of the air mass arriving in London at the same period were calculated based on basic routine back trajectories from the British Atmospheric Data Centre （BADC）. Results Concentration apportionments of main ions were similar when the trajectory was plotted back at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, some were obviously different. Mg, Ba, Pb, and Cu had similar peak apportionments at the area 180°-320°, but Zn and Ni at the area of 90°-270°, NO3^- and SO4^2- at the area of 100°-220°. Cl^- concentration peak apportionment was at the area of 220°-300°, which showed that Cl^- mainly came from the North Sea. Conclusion Trajectory wind direction has important effect on ion concentration apportionment of PM10 in London. The ions have similar concentration peak apportionments or their correlation coefficients are statistically significant.
文摘在对高压直流(HVDC)输电线路下的电磁环境进行预测时,地面合成场强和离子流密度的计算问题实际上是一个多维非线性问题。在对剖分单元进行处理时,为了解决传统的有限元方法、上流有限元法采取线性假设与线性插值,存在计算量大、精度差、算法效率低的问题,提出一种新的非线性空间电荷密度插值方法,从理论上推导了算法的实现过程,并基于上流有限元方法对离子电流密度方程进行迭代求解。采用该算法对现场运行的±500 k V和±800 k V输电线路离子流场进行了理论计算与现场实地测量,并将理论计算结果与实际测量结果进行了对比,结果表明:所提出的算法能在减少计算量的同时提高计算的准确度。针对风速对双极离子流场影响的研究较少的情况,研究讨论了不同风速影响下的双极离子流场问题,得到了风速对双极离子流场地面最大合成场强和离子流密度影响的规律,为新的直流输电线路的设计提供了有力的参考。
