This work continues the studies on searching for plasma media with the inverse electron energy distribution function(EEDF)and providing recommendations for setting up subsequent experiments.The inverse EEDF is a distr...This work continues the studies on searching for plasma media with the inverse electron energy distribution function(EEDF)and providing recommendations for setting up subsequent experiments.The inverse EEDF is a distribution function that increases with an increase in energy at zero electron energy.The inverse EEDF plays a central role in the problem of negative conductivity.Based on the previously obtained criterion for the formation of an inverse EEDF in a spatially inhomogeneous plasma,a heuristic method is proposed that allows one to avoid resource-intensive calculations for spatially two-dimensional(2D)kinetic modeling on a large array of different glow discharges.It is shown that the conditions for EEDF inversion can be realized in two-chamber discharge structures due to violating the known Boltzmann distribution for electron density.The theoretical conclusions are validated by numerical modeling of lowpressure two-chamber inductively-coupled plasma(ICP)discharges in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment.As a result,areas of conditions with inverse EEDF were found for subsequent detailed kinetic analysis and experimental studies.展开更多
This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared ...This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,high-performance anion-exchange chromatography,and differential scanning calorimetry.Significant differences were observed in their morphological,physicochemical,and functional properties.PMS had a smaller particle size(13.68 μm),irregular polygonal shape,A-type,lower water absorption(62.67 %),and higher oil absorption(51.17 %).In contrast,SGS exhibited larger particles(31.75 μm),a nearly spherical shape,B-type,higher crystallinity(50.66 %),and greater amylose content(21.54 %),with superior thermal stability,shear resistance,and gelatinization enthalpy.SGS also contained higher resistant starch(83.28 %) and longer average chain length(20.58 %),but showed lower solubility,swelling power,light transmittance,and freeze-thaw stability.The physicochemical properties differences in crystal pattern and particle morphology between PMS and SGS lead to distinct behaviors during in vitro digestion and fermentation.These findings highlight the potential of medicinal plant starches in functional ingredients and industrial processes.展开更多
Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the m...Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.展开更多
Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in s...Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.展开更多
In recent years,the use of deep learning to replace traditional numerical methods for electromagnetic propagation has shown tremendous potential in the rapid design of photonic devices.However,most research on deep le...In recent years,the use of deep learning to replace traditional numerical methods for electromagnetic propagation has shown tremendous potential in the rapid design of photonic devices.However,most research on deep learning has focused on single-layer grating couplers,and the accuracy of multi-layer grating couplers has not yet reached a high level.This paper proposes and demonstrates a novel deep learning network-assisted strategy for inverse design.The network model is based on a multi-layer perceptron(MLP)and incorporates convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and transformers.Through the stacking of multiple layers,it achieves a high-precision design for both multi-layer and single-layer raster couplers with various functionalities.The deep learning network exhibits exceptionally high predictive accuracy,with an average absolute error across the full wavelength range of 1300–1700 nm being only 0.17%,and an even lower predictive absolute error below 0.09%at the specific wavelength of 1550 nm.By combining the deep learning network with the genetic algorithm,we can efficiently design grating couplers that perform different functions.Simulation results indicate that the designed single-wavelength grating couplers achieve coupling efficiencies exceeding 80%at central wavelengths of 1550 nm and 1310 nm.The performance of designed dual-wavelength and broadband grating couplers also reaches high industry standards.Furthermore,the network structure and inverse design method are highly scalable and can be applied not only to multi-layer grating couplers but also directly to the prediction and design of single-layer grating couplers,providing a new perspective for the innovative development of photonic devices.展开更多
In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honey...In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honeycomb cells,was created by constructing arrangement matrices to achieve structural lightweight.The machine learning(ML)framework consisted of a neural network(NN)forward regression model for predicting impact resistance and a multi-objective optimization algorithm for generating high-performance designs.The surrogate of the local design space was initially realized by establishing the NN in the small sample dataset,and the active learning strategy was used to continuously extended the local optimal design until the model converged in the global space.The results indicated that the active learning strategy significantly improved the inference capability of the NN model in unknown design domains.By guiding the iteration direction of the optimization algorithm,lightweight designs with high impact resistance were identified.The energy absorption capacity of the optimal design reached 94.98%of the EARE honeycomb,while the initial peak stress and mass decreased by 28.85%and 19.91%,respectively.Furthermore,Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)for global explanation of the NN indicated a strong correlation between the arrangement mode of HCS and its impact resistance.By reducing the stiffness of the cells at the top boundary of the structure,the initial impact damage sustained by the structure can be significantly improved.Overall,this study proposed a general lightweight design method for array structures under impact loads,which is beneficial for the widespread application of honeycomb-based protective structures.展开更多
This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fati...This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.展开更多
Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to s...Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom heterogeneity and the absence of reliable biomarkers.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables the integration of multimodal data to enhance FGID management through precision diagnostics and preventive healthcare.This minireview summarizes recent advancements in AI applications for FGIDs,highlighting progress in diagnostic accuracy,subtype classification,personalized interventions,and preventive strategies inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine concept of“treating the undiseased”.Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have demonstrated value in improving IBS diagnosis,refining FD neuro-gastrointestinal subtyping,and screening for GERD-related complications.Moreover,AI supports dietary,psychological,and integrative medicine-based interventions to improve patient adherence and quality of life.Nonetheless,key challenges remain,including data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and the need for robust clinical validation.Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration,the development of multimodal and explainable AI models,and the creation of patientcentered platforms to facilitate a shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.This review provides a systematic framework to guide the clinical application and theoretical innovation of AI in FGIDs.展开更多
Machine learning(ML)is recognized as a potent tool for the inverse design of environmental functional material,particularly for complex entities like biochar-based catalysts(BCs).Thus,the tailored BCs can have a disti...Machine learning(ML)is recognized as a potent tool for the inverse design of environmental functional material,particularly for complex entities like biochar-based catalysts(BCs).Thus,the tailored BCs can have a distinct ability to trigger the nonradical pathway in advance oxidation processes(AOPs),promising a stable,rapid and selective degradation of persistent contaminants.However,due to the inherent“black box”nature and limitations of input features,results and conclusions derived from ML may not always be intuitively understood or comprehensively validated.To tackle this challenge,we linked the front-point interpretable analysis approaches with back-point density functional theory(DFT)calculations to form a chained learning strategy for deeper sight into the intrinsic activation mechanism of BCs in AOPs.At the front point,we conducted an easy-to-interpret meta-analysis to validate two strategies for enhancing nonradical pathways by increasing oxygen content and specific surface area(SSA),and prepared oxidized biochar(OBC500)and SSA-increased biochar(SBC900)by controlling pyrolysis conditions and modification methods.Subsequently,experimental results showed that OBC500 and SBC900 had distinct dominant degradation pathways for 1O2 generation and electron transfer,respectively.Finally,at the end point,DFT calculations revealed their active sites and degradation mechanisms.This chained learning strategy elucidates fundamental principles for BC inverse design and showcases the exceptional capacity to integrate computational techniques to accelerate catalyst inverse design.展开更多
Patient-specific finite element analysis(FEA)is a promising tool for noninvasive quantification of cardiac and vascular structural mechanics in vivo.However,inverse material property identification using FEA,which req...Patient-specific finite element analysis(FEA)is a promising tool for noninvasive quantification of cardiac and vascular structural mechanics in vivo.However,inverse material property identification using FEA,which requires iteratively solving nonlinear hyperelasticity problems,is computationally expensive which limits the ability to provide timely patient-specific insights to clinicians.In this study,we present an inverse material parameter identification strategy that integrates deep neural networks(DNNs)with FEA,namely inverse DNN-FEA.In this framework,a DNN encodes the spatial distribution of material parameters and effectively regularizes the inverse solution,which aims to reduce susceptibility to local optima that often arise in heterogeneous nonlinear hyperelastic problems.Consequently,inverse DNN-FEA enables identification of material parameters at the element level.For validation,we applied DNN-FEA to identify four spatially varying passive Holzapfel-Ogden material parameters of the left ventricular myocardium in synthetic benchmark cases with a clinically-derived geometry.To evaluate the benefit of DNN integration,a baseline FEA-only solver implemented in PyTorch was used for comparison.Results demonstrated that DNN-FEA achieved substantially lower average errors in parameter identification compared to FEA(case 1,DNN-FEA:0.37%~2.15%vs.FEA:2.64%~12.91%).The results also demonstrate that the same DNN architecture is capable of identifying a different spatial material property distribution(case 2,DNN-FEA:0.03%~0.60%vs.FEA:0.93%~16.25%).These findings suggest that DNN-FEA provides an accurate framework for inverse identification of heterogeneous myocardial material properties.This approach may facilitate future applications in patient-specific modeling based on in vivo clinical imaging and could be extended to other biomechanical simulation problems.展开更多
Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural pro...Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural products,thereby endangering human health.Extensive studies on Aspergillus fungi have been conducted on growth and development,aflatoxin biosynthesis,and their interactions with environment.Here,we summarized a series of functional genes of the main Aspergillus fungi relative to toxins occurrence in foods,which revealed the signal transduction mechanisms of their involvement in growth and development,toxin production,and response to light,anticipating providing theoretical guidance on developing control and prevention technologies for mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products to ensure food safety.展开更多
Given the broad applicability of carbazole structural moieties in materials science and medicinal chemistry,significant efforts have been devoted to developing efficient synthetic catalytic methodologies to access thi...Given the broad applicability of carbazole structural moieties in materials science and medicinal chemistry,significant efforts have been devoted to developing efficient synthetic catalytic methodologies to access this valuable scaffold.Catalyzed direct Csp^(2)-H functionalization provides an effective and costefficient approach to synthesizing carbazoles from simple and readily available starting materials,ensuring a promising path characterized by excellent atom and step economy.This review highlights the substantial progress made in the last 10 years in advancing catalytic Csp^(2)-H functionalization techniques for synthesizing carbazoles.展开更多
Multivitamins were widely used health supplements that replenished essential nutrients in the human body.Despite their popularity,the impact of multivitamins on the cognitive function of older adults remained unclear ...Multivitamins were widely used health supplements that replenished essential nutrients in the human body.Despite their popularity,the impact of multivitamins on the cognitive function of older adults remained unclear and contentious.This study offered a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of research published until June 2024,analyzing the effects of multivitamins on various cognitive functions in individuals aged 65 and older.We included ten randomized controlled trials encompassing 13,600 participants from multiple databases.These studies evaluated the impact of multivitamins on reasoning,memory,learning,visual perception,idea production,cognitive speed,psychomotor abilities,and higher cognitive functions.Our meta-analysis revealed that multivitamins significantly enhanced delayed free recall(SMD=0.09,95%confidence interval(CI)=[0.05,0.13],P=0.0001).However,they had no substantial effects on immediate free recall(SMD=0.85,95%CI=[-0.1,1.9],P=0.11),idea production(SMD=0.00,95%CI=[-0.04,0.03],P=0.86),or cognitive functioning(SMD=0.07,94%CI=[-0.07,0.14],P=0.006).Thus,while multivitamins facilitated delayed free recall,they did not significantly improve other cognitive functions in older adults.展开更多
BACKGROUND An echocardiogram is an essential tool in the evaluation of potential kidney transplant recipients(KTRs).Despite cardiac clearance,potential KTRs still have structural and functional abnormalities.Identifyi...BACKGROUND An echocardiogram is an essential tool in the evaluation of potential kidney transplant recipients(KTRs).Despite cardiac clearance,potential KTRs still have structural and functional abnormalities.Identifying the prevalence of these abnormalities and understanding their predictors is vital for optimizing pretransplant risk stratification and improving post-transplant outcomes.AIM To determine the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH),left ventricular systolic dysfunction(LVSD),diastolic dysfunction(DD),pulmonary hypertension(PH),and their predictors,and to assess their impact on graft function in pre-transplant candidates.METHODS The study included all successful transplant candidates older than 14 who had a baseline echocardiogram.Binary logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with LVH,LVSD,DD,and PH.RESULTS Out of 259 patients,LVH was present in 64%(166),12%(31)had LVSD,27.5%(71)had DD,and 66(25.5%)had PH.Independent predictors of LVH included male gender[odds ratio(OR):2.51;95%CI:1.17-5.41 P=0.02],PH(OR=2.07;95%CI:1.11-3.86;P=0.02),DD(OR:2.47;95%CI:1.29-4.73;P=0.006),and dyslipidemia(OR=1.94;95%CI:1.07-3.53;P=0.03).Predictors for LVSD included patients with DD(OR=3.3,95%CI:1.41-7.81;P=0.006)and a family history of coronary artery disease(OR=4.50,95%CI:1.33-15.20;P=0.015).Peritoneal dialysis was an independent predictor for DD(OR=10.03;95%CI:1.71-58.94,P=0.011).The presence of LVH(OR=3.32,95%CI:1.05-10.55,P=0.04)and mild to moderate or moderate to severe mitral regurgitation(OR=4.63,95%CI:1.45-14.78,P=0.01)were significant factors associated with PH.These abnormalities had no significant impact on estimated glomerular filtration at discharge,6 months,1 year,or 2 years post-transplant.CONCLUSION Significant echocardiographic abnormalities persist in a potential transplant candidate despite cardiac clearance,although they don’t affect future graft function.Understanding the risk factors associated with these abnormalities may help clinicians address these factors pre-and post-transplant to achieve better outcomes.展开更多
This paper investigates the edge-based dynamic event-triggered inverse optimal formation control problem for multiple quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(QUAVs) with attitude constraints. To improve communication effic...This paper investigates the edge-based dynamic event-triggered inverse optimal formation control problem for multiple quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(QUAVs) with attitude constraints. To improve communication efficiency, an edge-based dynamic event-triggered mechanism is developed for the communication channels between neighboring QUAVs. However, this edge-based dynamic event-triggered communication(DETC) may cause discontinuities in the reference signals. To solve this problem, a distributed estimator is designed for each QUAV to obtain the leader's output signals. Considering the safety of QUAV formation flying, this paper designs a function transformation method that constrains the attitudes of the QUAVs to a strictly safe region. Furthermore, an inverse optimal control strategy is proposed based on the backstepping methodology. This scheme not only minimizes the cost function but also avoids the necessity of solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. Finally, the stability of the QUAV systems is proven using Lyapunov theory, and the effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified through simulation.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of the topical preparation Jineijin-Shanzha Patch(composed of Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum and Crataegi Fructus)in improving functional dyspepsia(FD...[Objectives]To investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of the topical preparation Jineijin-Shanzha Patch(composed of Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum and Crataegi Fructus)in improving functional dyspepsia(FD)based on network pharmacology.[Methods]Firstly,we reviewed the existing research progress on each constituent drug of the Jineijin Shanzha Patch for FD improvement.Following this,identified overlapping genes were utilized to construct both a"Drug-Active Component-FD Target"network and a Protein-Protein Interaction(PPI)network specific to the patch.In addition,Gene Ontology(GO)analysis was carried out.[Results]We identified that the 13 herbs in the Jineijin Shanzha Patch are mainly used for food stagnation,qi stagnation,and spleen deficiency.Screening revealed 43 active patch components,1414 FD-related targets,and 284 shared targets between them.The PPI network analysis further identified the top 10 core targets from these shared targets.From the"Drug-Active Component-FD Target"network,we identified the core elements.These included the herbal components Vignae Semen(from Liushenqu),Crataegi Fructus,and Pseudostellariae Radix;the active components quercetin,genistein,and apigenin;and the key targets CASP3,BCL2,and CASP9.GO analysis of the 284 overlapping targets indicated that the Jineijin Shanzha Patch may exert its therapeutic effects via regulation of biological processes such as the response to lipopolysaccharide,response to bacterium-derived molecules,and regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway.[Conclusions]The main active components of the Jineijin Shanzha Patch(quercetin,genistein,and apigenin)may improve FD by modulating signaling pathways such as the response to lipopolysaccharide,response to bacterium-derived molecules,and regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway,thereby acting on key targets including CASP3,BCL2,and CASP9.展开更多
Background:Targeted delivery of biological macromolecules to the small intestine remains challenging due to their susceptibility to degradation in the hostile gastric environment.Methods:This study introduces a minima...Background:Targeted delivery of biological macromolecules to the small intestine remains challenging due to their susceptibility to degradation in the hostile gastric environment.Methods:This study introduces a minimally invasive,in situ injection technique for the murine small intestine that facilitates localized luminal delivery while circumventing gastric barriers.The procedure involves a small abdominal incision for direct injection into the duodenum near the pylorus.Postsurgical monitoring of physiological parameters,systemic inflammatory markers,liver function,and intestinal integrity was conducted over 72 h.Histopathological analysis was performed.The delivery of the functional protein TAT-EGFP(Tat protein fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein)to intestinal epithelial cells was evaluated and compared with oral gavage.As a proof of concept,single-cell RNA sequencing of the intestinal epithelium was performed after high-mobility group box 1 administration.Results:Postsurgical monitoring indicated only transient,anesthesia-related hypo-thermia and minor behavioral alterations.No significant changes were observed over 72 h in body weight,core temperature,clinical severity scores,systemic inflammatory markers(C-reactive protein and leukocytes),liver function(alanine aminotransferase),or intestinal integrity.Histopathological analysis confirmed preserved tissue architec-ture and normal digestive,absorptive,and barrier functions.The model successfully delivered TAT-EGFP to intestinal epithelial cells,an outcome not achievable via oral gavage due to gastric degradation.Single-cell RNA sequencing of the intestinal epi-thelium after high-mobility group box 1 administration revealed inflammatory gene expression patterns in specific epithelial subpopulations.Conclusions:Compared to traditional methods such as oral gavage or organoid cul-ture,this technique offers precise,degradation-resistant delivery of macromolecules in a physiological context.The model's versatility makes it a powerful platform for intestinal research,with applications in drug delivery assessment,gene therapy evalu-ation,and host-microbiota interaction studies.展开更多
Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the po...Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope.In this work,a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid(H_(4)L) and Zn^(2+) ion under solvothermal conditions.Interestingly,a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^(-1) was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450.Subsequently,two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs(Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy.Among them,the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^(-1).In addition,the continuously visible red,pink,and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed,suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer.Importantly,this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.展开更多
BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major ...BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder(MDD)remain poorly understood.Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)in the amygdala,a key region implicated in emotional regulation and threat detection,is strongly implicated in depression and suicidal behavior.AIM To investigate rsFC alterations between amygdala subregions and whole-brain networks in adolescent patients with depression and suicide attempts.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 adolescents with MDD and suicide attempts(sMDD)group,33 adolescents with MDD but without suicide attempts(nsMDD)group,and 34 demographically matched healthy control(HC)group,with the lateral and medial amygdala(MeA)defined as regions of interest.The rsFC patterns of amygdala subregions were compared across the three groups,and associations between aberrant rsFC values and clinical symptom severity scores were examined.RESULTS Compared with the nsMDD group,the sMDD group exhibited reduced rsFC between the right lateral amygdala(LA)and the right inferior occipital gyrus as well as the left middle occipital gyrus.Compared with the HC group,the abnormal brain regions of rsFC in the sMDD group and nsMDD group involve the parahippocampal gyrus(PHG)and fusiform gyrus.In the sMDD group,right MeA and right temporal pole:Superior temporal gyrus rsFC value negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores(r=-0.409,P=0.025),while left LA and right PHG rsFC value positively correlated with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist interpersonal relationship scores(r=0.372,P=0.043).CONCLUSION Aberrant rsFC changes between amygdala subregions and these brain regions provide novel insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of suicide attempts in adolescents with MDD.展开更多
The variation in microbiota during pit fermentation is the main reason for the distinct characteristics of the 7 types of base Baijiu in jiang-flavor Baijiu(JFB)brewing.However,the specific structure,succession,and fu...The variation in microbiota during pit fermentation is the main reason for the distinct characteristics of the 7 types of base Baijiu in jiang-flavor Baijiu(JFB)brewing.However,the specific structure,succession,and functional differentiation of microbial communities across different fermentation rounds remain unclear.Therefore,this study compared the differences in microbiota structure,environmental factors driving community assembly,and functional differentiations throughout 1–7 rounds(JC1–JC7)of pit fermentation in JFB production.Results showed that Lactobacillus dominated all rounds and complied with declining relative abundance from rounds JC1–JC7.The mould composition was similar in JC3–JC5 while the yeast structure in JC4 was found intermediate between JC3 and JC5.LEf Se analysis unveiled aroma-producing microorganisms as prominent biomarkers in JC1,strong enzyme-producing attributes in JC2,JC6,and JC7 biomarkers,and an enzyme and aroma-producing focus with robust tolerance in JC3–JC5 biomarkers.Acidity mainly regulated the microbial community in the first 4 rounds,with nutrient limitation drove microbial succession from the fifth round onward.Functional predictions underscored enriched amino acid metabolism enzymes in JC6 and JC1,while carbohydrate degradation exhibited predominant enzymatic profiles in JC2,JC6,and JC7.This study laid a foundation for comprehending community composition,succession,and flavor regulatory mechanisms throughout JFB brewing.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0204100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12205067 and 12375199)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(No.HIT.D?J.2023178)。
文摘This work continues the studies on searching for plasma media with the inverse electron energy distribution function(EEDF)and providing recommendations for setting up subsequent experiments.The inverse EEDF is a distribution function that increases with an increase in energy at zero electron energy.The inverse EEDF plays a central role in the problem of negative conductivity.Based on the previously obtained criterion for the formation of an inverse EEDF in a spatially inhomogeneous plasma,a heuristic method is proposed that allows one to avoid resource-intensive calculations for spatially two-dimensional(2D)kinetic modeling on a large array of different glow discharges.It is shown that the conditions for EEDF inversion can be realized in two-chamber discharge structures due to violating the known Boltzmann distribution for electron density.The theoretical conclusions are validated by numerical modeling of lowpressure two-chamber inductively-coupled plasma(ICP)discharges in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment.As a result,areas of conditions with inverse EEDF were found for subsequent detailed kinetic analysis and experimental studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82174074)。
文摘This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,high-performance anion-exchange chromatography,and differential scanning calorimetry.Significant differences were observed in their morphological,physicochemical,and functional properties.PMS had a smaller particle size(13.68 μm),irregular polygonal shape,A-type,lower water absorption(62.67 %),and higher oil absorption(51.17 %).In contrast,SGS exhibited larger particles(31.75 μm),a nearly spherical shape,B-type,higher crystallinity(50.66 %),and greater amylose content(21.54 %),with superior thermal stability,shear resistance,and gelatinization enthalpy.SGS also contained higher resistant starch(83.28 %) and longer average chain length(20.58 %),but showed lower solubility,swelling power,light transmittance,and freeze-thaw stability.The physicochemical properties differences in crystal pattern and particle morphology between PMS and SGS lead to distinct behaviors during in vitro digestion and fermentation.These findings highlight the potential of medicinal plant starches in functional ingredients and industrial processes.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB025904)Zhengzhou Shengda University of Economics,Business and Management(SD-YB2025085)。
文摘Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072165 and 82272256(both to XM)the Key Project of Xiangyang Central Hospital,No.2023YZ03(to RM)。
文摘Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
基金sponsored by the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects of China(Grant No.62027823)the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant No.61775048).
文摘In recent years,the use of deep learning to replace traditional numerical methods for electromagnetic propagation has shown tremendous potential in the rapid design of photonic devices.However,most research on deep learning has focused on single-layer grating couplers,and the accuracy of multi-layer grating couplers has not yet reached a high level.This paper proposes and demonstrates a novel deep learning network-assisted strategy for inverse design.The network model is based on a multi-layer perceptron(MLP)and incorporates convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and transformers.Through the stacking of multiple layers,it achieves a high-precision design for both multi-layer and single-layer raster couplers with various functionalities.The deep learning network exhibits exceptionally high predictive accuracy,with an average absolute error across the full wavelength range of 1300–1700 nm being only 0.17%,and an even lower predictive absolute error below 0.09%at the specific wavelength of 1550 nm.By combining the deep learning network with the genetic algorithm,we can efficiently design grating couplers that perform different functions.Simulation results indicate that the designed single-wavelength grating couplers achieve coupling efficiencies exceeding 80%at central wavelengths of 1550 nm and 1310 nm.The performance of designed dual-wavelength and broadband grating couplers also reaches high industry standards.Furthermore,the network structure and inverse design method are highly scalable and can be applied not only to multi-layer grating couplers but also directly to the prediction and design of single-layer grating couplers,providing a new perspective for the innovative development of photonic devices.
基金the financial supports from National Key R&D Program for Young Scientists of China(Grant No.2022YFC3080900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52374181)+1 种基金BIT Research and Innovation Promoting Project(Grant No.2024YCXZ017)supported by Science and Technology Innovation Program of Beijing institute of technology under Grant No.2022CX01025。
文摘In this study,an inverse design framework was established to find lightweight honeycomb structures(HCSs)with high impact resistance.The hybrid HCS,composed of re-entrant(RE)and elliptical annular re-entrant(EARE)honeycomb cells,was created by constructing arrangement matrices to achieve structural lightweight.The machine learning(ML)framework consisted of a neural network(NN)forward regression model for predicting impact resistance and a multi-objective optimization algorithm for generating high-performance designs.The surrogate of the local design space was initially realized by establishing the NN in the small sample dataset,and the active learning strategy was used to continuously extended the local optimal design until the model converged in the global space.The results indicated that the active learning strategy significantly improved the inference capability of the NN model in unknown design domains.By guiding the iteration direction of the optimization algorithm,lightweight designs with high impact resistance were identified.The energy absorption capacity of the optimal design reached 94.98%of the EARE honeycomb,while the initial peak stress and mass decreased by 28.85%and 19.91%,respectively.Furthermore,Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)for global explanation of the NN indicated a strong correlation between the arrangement mode of HCS and its impact resistance.By reducing the stiffness of the cells at the top boundary of the structure,the initial impact damage sustained by the structure can be significantly improved.Overall,this study proposed a general lightweight design method for array structures under impact loads,which is beneficial for the widespread application of honeycomb-based protective structures.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[NO.11932013].
文摘This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82374292the Plans for Major Provincial Science and Technology Projects of Anhui Province,No.202303a07020003the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.ZYYCXTD-C-202401.
文摘Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom heterogeneity and the absence of reliable biomarkers.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables the integration of multimodal data to enhance FGID management through precision diagnostics and preventive healthcare.This minireview summarizes recent advancements in AI applications for FGIDs,highlighting progress in diagnostic accuracy,subtype classification,personalized interventions,and preventive strategies inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine concept of“treating the undiseased”.Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have demonstrated value in improving IBS diagnosis,refining FD neuro-gastrointestinal subtyping,and screening for GERD-related complications.Moreover,AI supports dietary,psychological,and integrative medicine-based interventions to improve patient adherence and quality of life.Nonetheless,key challenges remain,including data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and the need for robust clinical validation.Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration,the development of multimodal and explainable AI models,and the creation of patientcentered platforms to facilitate a shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.This review provides a systematic framework to guide the clinical application and theoretical innovation of AI in FGIDs.
基金supported by Project of National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Energy Development and Utilization(Harbin Institute of Technology,No.2021A004).
文摘Machine learning(ML)is recognized as a potent tool for the inverse design of environmental functional material,particularly for complex entities like biochar-based catalysts(BCs).Thus,the tailored BCs can have a distinct ability to trigger the nonradical pathway in advance oxidation processes(AOPs),promising a stable,rapid and selective degradation of persistent contaminants.However,due to the inherent“black box”nature and limitations of input features,results and conclusions derived from ML may not always be intuitively understood or comprehensively validated.To tackle this challenge,we linked the front-point interpretable analysis approaches with back-point density functional theory(DFT)calculations to form a chained learning strategy for deeper sight into the intrinsic activation mechanism of BCs in AOPs.At the front point,we conducted an easy-to-interpret meta-analysis to validate two strategies for enhancing nonradical pathways by increasing oxygen content and specific surface area(SSA),and prepared oxidized biochar(OBC500)and SSA-increased biochar(SBC900)by controlling pyrolysis conditions and modification methods.Subsequently,experimental results showed that OBC500 and SBC900 had distinct dominant degradation pathways for 1O2 generation and electron transfer,respectively.Finally,at the end point,DFT calculations revealed their active sites and degradation mechanisms.This chained learning strategy elucidates fundamental principles for BC inverse design and showcases the exceptional capacity to integrate computational techniques to accelerate catalyst inverse design.
基金supported in part by the National Science Foundation under GrantsDMS 2436630 and 2436629.
文摘Patient-specific finite element analysis(FEA)is a promising tool for noninvasive quantification of cardiac and vascular structural mechanics in vivo.However,inverse material property identification using FEA,which requires iteratively solving nonlinear hyperelasticity problems,is computationally expensive which limits the ability to provide timely patient-specific insights to clinicians.In this study,we present an inverse material parameter identification strategy that integrates deep neural networks(DNNs)with FEA,namely inverse DNN-FEA.In this framework,a DNN encodes the spatial distribution of material parameters and effectively regularizes the inverse solution,which aims to reduce susceptibility to local optima that often arise in heterogeneous nonlinear hyperelastic problems.Consequently,inverse DNN-FEA enables identification of material parameters at the element level.For validation,we applied DNN-FEA to identify four spatially varying passive Holzapfel-Ogden material parameters of the left ventricular myocardium in synthetic benchmark cases with a clinically-derived geometry.To evaluate the benefit of DNN integration,a baseline FEA-only solver implemented in PyTorch was used for comparison.Results demonstrated that DNN-FEA achieved substantially lower average errors in parameter identification compared to FEA(case 1,DNN-FEA:0.37%~2.15%vs.FEA:2.64%~12.91%).The results also demonstrate that the same DNN architecture is capable of identifying a different spatial material property distribution(case 2,DNN-FEA:0.03%~0.60%vs.FEA:0.93%~16.25%).These findings suggest that DNN-FEA provides an accurate framework for inverse identification of heterogeneous myocardial material properties.This approach may facilitate future applications in patient-specific modeling based on in vivo clinical imaging and could be extended to other biomechanical simulation problems.
基金supported by the key project of National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20551,32030085)the Major Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,China(2021hszd015)+2 种基金the Hubei Province Major Science and Technology Special Project,China(2023BBA002)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20551)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Youth Fund(32422072)。
文摘Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural products,thereby endangering human health.Extensive studies on Aspergillus fungi have been conducted on growth and development,aflatoxin biosynthesis,and their interactions with environment.Here,we summarized a series of functional genes of the main Aspergillus fungi relative to toxins occurrence in foods,which revealed the signal transduction mechanisms of their involvement in growth and development,toxin production,and response to light,anticipating providing theoretical guidance on developing control and prevention technologies for mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products to ensure food safety.
基金support and funding by the European Union-Next Generation EU under the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) National Innovation Ecosystem (No.ECS00000041-VITALITY and also “Ecosistema TECH4YOU-(Spoke 3-Goal 3.5)MUR is thanked for PRIN-PNRR 2022 project "P2022XKWH7-Circular Waste+3 种基金The University of Perugia is acknowledged for financial support to the university project “Fondo Ricerca di Ateneo,edizione 2022”The National Ph D program in Catalysis coordinated by the University of Perugia is also thankedthe financial supports of key research and development and technology transfer projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (No.2025KJHZ0008)major special projects of science and technology of Ordos (No.2022EEDSKJZDZX003)。
文摘Given the broad applicability of carbazole structural moieties in materials science and medicinal chemistry,significant efforts have been devoted to developing efficient synthetic catalytic methodologies to access this valuable scaffold.Catalyzed direct Csp^(2)-H functionalization provides an effective and costefficient approach to synthesizing carbazoles from simple and readily available starting materials,ensuring a promising path characterized by excellent atom and step economy.This review highlights the substantial progress made in the last 10 years in advancing catalytic Csp^(2)-H functionalization techniques for synthesizing carbazoles.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042023gf0003)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2024AFD126)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1104404).
文摘Multivitamins were widely used health supplements that replenished essential nutrients in the human body.Despite their popularity,the impact of multivitamins on the cognitive function of older adults remained unclear and contentious.This study offered a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of research published until June 2024,analyzing the effects of multivitamins on various cognitive functions in individuals aged 65 and older.We included ten randomized controlled trials encompassing 13,600 participants from multiple databases.These studies evaluated the impact of multivitamins on reasoning,memory,learning,visual perception,idea production,cognitive speed,psychomotor abilities,and higher cognitive functions.Our meta-analysis revealed that multivitamins significantly enhanced delayed free recall(SMD=0.09,95%confidence interval(CI)=[0.05,0.13],P=0.0001).However,they had no substantial effects on immediate free recall(SMD=0.85,95%CI=[-0.1,1.9],P=0.11),idea production(SMD=0.00,95%CI=[-0.04,0.03],P=0.86),or cognitive functioning(SMD=0.07,94%CI=[-0.07,0.14],P=0.006).Thus,while multivitamins facilitated delayed free recall,they did not significantly improve other cognitive functions in older adults.
文摘BACKGROUND An echocardiogram is an essential tool in the evaluation of potential kidney transplant recipients(KTRs).Despite cardiac clearance,potential KTRs still have structural and functional abnormalities.Identifying the prevalence of these abnormalities and understanding their predictors is vital for optimizing pretransplant risk stratification and improving post-transplant outcomes.AIM To determine the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH),left ventricular systolic dysfunction(LVSD),diastolic dysfunction(DD),pulmonary hypertension(PH),and their predictors,and to assess their impact on graft function in pre-transplant candidates.METHODS The study included all successful transplant candidates older than 14 who had a baseline echocardiogram.Binary logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with LVH,LVSD,DD,and PH.RESULTS Out of 259 patients,LVH was present in 64%(166),12%(31)had LVSD,27.5%(71)had DD,and 66(25.5%)had PH.Independent predictors of LVH included male gender[odds ratio(OR):2.51;95%CI:1.17-5.41 P=0.02],PH(OR=2.07;95%CI:1.11-3.86;P=0.02),DD(OR:2.47;95%CI:1.29-4.73;P=0.006),and dyslipidemia(OR=1.94;95%CI:1.07-3.53;P=0.03).Predictors for LVSD included patients with DD(OR=3.3,95%CI:1.41-7.81;P=0.006)and a family history of coronary artery disease(OR=4.50,95%CI:1.33-15.20;P=0.015).Peritoneal dialysis was an independent predictor for DD(OR=10.03;95%CI:1.71-58.94,P=0.011).The presence of LVH(OR=3.32,95%CI:1.05-10.55,P=0.04)and mild to moderate or moderate to severe mitral regurgitation(OR=4.63,95%CI:1.45-14.78,P=0.01)were significant factors associated with PH.These abnormalities had no significant impact on estimated glomerular filtration at discharge,6 months,1 year,or 2 years post-transplant.CONCLUSION Significant echocardiographic abnormalities persist in a potential transplant candidate despite cardiac clearance,although they don’t affect future graft function.Understanding the risk factors associated with these abnormalities may help clinicians address these factors pre-and post-transplant to achieve better outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.62573134,62473100,62433018)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2025A1515060017,2025A1515011436,2025B1515020065,2025A1515011789)the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project (Grant No.2025A04J3534)。
文摘This paper investigates the edge-based dynamic event-triggered inverse optimal formation control problem for multiple quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(QUAVs) with attitude constraints. To improve communication efficiency, an edge-based dynamic event-triggered mechanism is developed for the communication channels between neighboring QUAVs. However, this edge-based dynamic event-triggered communication(DETC) may cause discontinuities in the reference signals. To solve this problem, a distributed estimator is designed for each QUAV to obtain the leader's output signals. Considering the safety of QUAV formation flying, this paper designs a function transformation method that constrains the attitudes of the QUAVs to a strictly safe region. Furthermore, an inverse optimal control strategy is proposed based on the backstepping methodology. This scheme not only minimizes the cost function but also avoids the necessity of solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. Finally, the stability of the QUAV systems is proven using Lyapunov theory, and the effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified through simulation.
基金Supported by Putuo District Science and Technology R&D Platform Project,Shanghai(2024QX04).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the efficacy and potential mechanism of the topical preparation Jineijin-Shanzha Patch(composed of Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum and Crataegi Fructus)in improving functional dyspepsia(FD)based on network pharmacology.[Methods]Firstly,we reviewed the existing research progress on each constituent drug of the Jineijin Shanzha Patch for FD improvement.Following this,identified overlapping genes were utilized to construct both a"Drug-Active Component-FD Target"network and a Protein-Protein Interaction(PPI)network specific to the patch.In addition,Gene Ontology(GO)analysis was carried out.[Results]We identified that the 13 herbs in the Jineijin Shanzha Patch are mainly used for food stagnation,qi stagnation,and spleen deficiency.Screening revealed 43 active patch components,1414 FD-related targets,and 284 shared targets between them.The PPI network analysis further identified the top 10 core targets from these shared targets.From the"Drug-Active Component-FD Target"network,we identified the core elements.These included the herbal components Vignae Semen(from Liushenqu),Crataegi Fructus,and Pseudostellariae Radix;the active components quercetin,genistein,and apigenin;and the key targets CASP3,BCL2,and CASP9.GO analysis of the 284 overlapping targets indicated that the Jineijin Shanzha Patch may exert its therapeutic effects via regulation of biological processes such as the response to lipopolysaccharide,response to bacterium-derived molecules,and regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway.[Conclusions]The main active components of the Jineijin Shanzha Patch(quercetin,genistein,and apigenin)may improve FD by modulating signaling pathways such as the response to lipopolysaccharide,response to bacterium-derived molecules,and regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway,thereby acting on key targets including CASP3,BCL2,and CASP9.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82172140。
文摘Background:Targeted delivery of biological macromolecules to the small intestine remains challenging due to their susceptibility to degradation in the hostile gastric environment.Methods:This study introduces a minimally invasive,in situ injection technique for the murine small intestine that facilitates localized luminal delivery while circumventing gastric barriers.The procedure involves a small abdominal incision for direct injection into the duodenum near the pylorus.Postsurgical monitoring of physiological parameters,systemic inflammatory markers,liver function,and intestinal integrity was conducted over 72 h.Histopathological analysis was performed.The delivery of the functional protein TAT-EGFP(Tat protein fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein)to intestinal epithelial cells was evaluated and compared with oral gavage.As a proof of concept,single-cell RNA sequencing of the intestinal epithelium was performed after high-mobility group box 1 administration.Results:Postsurgical monitoring indicated only transient,anesthesia-related hypo-thermia and minor behavioral alterations.No significant changes were observed over 72 h in body weight,core temperature,clinical severity scores,systemic inflammatory markers(C-reactive protein and leukocytes),liver function(alanine aminotransferase),or intestinal integrity.Histopathological analysis confirmed preserved tissue architec-ture and normal digestive,absorptive,and barrier functions.The model successfully delivered TAT-EGFP to intestinal epithelial cells,an outcome not achievable via oral gavage due to gastric degradation.Single-cell RNA sequencing of the intestinal epi-thelium after high-mobility group box 1 administration revealed inflammatory gene expression patterns in specific epithelial subpopulations.Conclusions:Compared to traditional methods such as oral gavage or organoid cul-ture,this technique offers precise,degradation-resistant delivery of macromolecules in a physiological context.The model's versatility makes it a powerful platform for intestinal research,with applications in drug delivery assessment,gene therapy evalu-ation,and host-microbiota interaction studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21801111)the Training Plan for Young Core Teachers in Higher Education of Henan Province (No.2021GGJS131)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No.232300421232)the Heluo Young Talent Lifting Project (No.2023HLTJ02)。
文摘Ln@MOFs by anchoring rare metal ions(Ln) into metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are proved to have great potential in the field of luminescent molecular thermometer.Nevertheless,the current research indicated that the poor structural stability and low sensitivity hindered their application scope.In this work,a new MOF Zn-450 luminescent thermometer with multiple emission fluorescence characteristics was synthesized by the combination of 3,3,5,5-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid(H_(4)L) and Zn^(2+) ion under solvothermal conditions.Interestingly,a high relative sensitivity of 1.43 % K^(-1) was found within 80-300 K based on Zn-450.Subsequently,two high-sensitivity luminescent Ln@MOFs(Ln = Eu and Tb) were further fabricated by doping rare earth ions into Zn-450 based on the post-synthesis strategy.Among them,the Eu@Zn-450 demonstrates various luminous behaviors while achieving an increased relative sensitivity of 1.63 % K^(-1).In addition,the continuously visible red,pink,and purple luminescent emissions at the same temperature range were observed,suggesting that the Eu@Zn-450 could be utilized as a luminescent colorimetric molecular thermometer.Importantly,this work can present new possibilities for the development of rare earth-doped luminescence and its temperature sensing properties.
基金Supported by Suzhou Clinical Medical Center for Mood Disorders,No.Szlcyxzx202109Suzhou Key Laboratory,No.SZS2024016Multicenter Clinical Research on Major Diseases in Suzhou,No.DZXYJ202413.
文摘BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder(MDD)remain poorly understood.Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)in the amygdala,a key region implicated in emotional regulation and threat detection,is strongly implicated in depression and suicidal behavior.AIM To investigate rsFC alterations between amygdala subregions and whole-brain networks in adolescent patients with depression and suicide attempts.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 adolescents with MDD and suicide attempts(sMDD)group,33 adolescents with MDD but without suicide attempts(nsMDD)group,and 34 demographically matched healthy control(HC)group,with the lateral and medial amygdala(MeA)defined as regions of interest.The rsFC patterns of amygdala subregions were compared across the three groups,and associations between aberrant rsFC values and clinical symptom severity scores were examined.RESULTS Compared with the nsMDD group,the sMDD group exhibited reduced rsFC between the right lateral amygdala(LA)and the right inferior occipital gyrus as well as the left middle occipital gyrus.Compared with the HC group,the abnormal brain regions of rsFC in the sMDD group and nsMDD group involve the parahippocampal gyrus(PHG)and fusiform gyrus.In the sMDD group,right MeA and right temporal pole:Superior temporal gyrus rsFC value negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores(r=-0.409,P=0.025),while left LA and right PHG rsFC value positively correlated with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist interpersonal relationship scores(r=0.372,P=0.043).CONCLUSION Aberrant rsFC changes between amygdala subregions and these brain regions provide novel insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of suicide attempts in adolescents with MDD.
文摘The variation in microbiota during pit fermentation is the main reason for the distinct characteristics of the 7 types of base Baijiu in jiang-flavor Baijiu(JFB)brewing.However,the specific structure,succession,and functional differentiation of microbial communities across different fermentation rounds remain unclear.Therefore,this study compared the differences in microbiota structure,environmental factors driving community assembly,and functional differentiations throughout 1–7 rounds(JC1–JC7)of pit fermentation in JFB production.Results showed that Lactobacillus dominated all rounds and complied with declining relative abundance from rounds JC1–JC7.The mould composition was similar in JC3–JC5 while the yeast structure in JC4 was found intermediate between JC3 and JC5.LEf Se analysis unveiled aroma-producing microorganisms as prominent biomarkers in JC1,strong enzyme-producing attributes in JC2,JC6,and JC7 biomarkers,and an enzyme and aroma-producing focus with robust tolerance in JC3–JC5 biomarkers.Acidity mainly regulated the microbial community in the first 4 rounds,with nutrient limitation drove microbial succession from the fifth round onward.Functional predictions underscored enriched amino acid metabolism enzymes in JC6 and JC1,while carbohydrate degradation exhibited predominant enzymatic profiles in JC2,JC6,and JC7.This study laid a foundation for comprehending community composition,succession,and flavor regulatory mechanisms throughout JFB brewing.
