Objective To elucidate the mechanism of Fuzheng Gankang Pill in treating combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome(CARAS)with lung-spleen qi deficiency and wind-cold invading the lung syndrome using network pharm...Objective To elucidate the mechanism of Fuzheng Gankang Pill in treating combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome(CARAS)with lung-spleen qi deficiency and wind-cold invading the lung syndrome using network pharmacology and molecular docking.MethodsThe active components and targets of the 13 herbs in Fuzheng Gankang Pill were retrieved from the TraditionalChinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and HERB.A“core herb-active component-target"network was constructed using Cytoscape to screen core components.CARAS disease targets were obtained from Genecards,NationalCenter for Biotechnology Information(NCBI),and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM).Targets related to the clinical phenotypes of CARAS with lung-spleen qi deficiency and wind-cold invading the lung syndrome were retrieved from the Traditional ChineseMedicineSyndrome Ontology and Multidimensional Quantitative Association Calculation Platform.The intersection of CARAS disease targets and syndromerelated targets yielded CARAS disease-syndrome targets.The intersection of Fuzheng Gankang Pill component-related targets and CARAS disease-syndrome targets provided“disease-syndrome-formula”intersection targets.These targets were uploaded to the STRING database for protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis,with topological analysis identifying key targets.Metascape was used for Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis.Molecular docking validation was performed using AutoDock Vina 1.1.2.Results The 13 core herbs of Fuzheng Gankang Pill contain a total of 200 active ingredients and 289 related targets.There are 2,412 disease targets for CARAS and 735 corresponding disease targets for the main and secondary symptoms of lung-spleen qi deficiency and wind-cold invading the lung.Through the Venn diagram,a total of 35 intersecting targets were obtained for Fuzheng Gankang Pill,CARAS,and the combination of lung-spleen qi deficiency and wind-cold invading the lung syndrome.Quercetin,Polygonatum sibiricum flavonoids,β-sitosterol,baicalein,kaempferol,etc.,are core components.PPI network analysis found that tumor necrosis factor(TNF),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,transforming growth factor beta 1(TGFβ1),BCL2,etc.,are the core targets for the compound to exert therapeutic effects.GO enrichment analysis showed that the 13 core drugs of Fuzheng Gankang Pill mainly participate in key biological processes such as positive regulation of protein modification,response to hormones,and negative regulation of cell population proliferation through protein kinases in areas such as membrane rafts,membrane microregions,plasma membrane protein complexes,and receptor com-plexes.KEGG enriched a total of 30 signaling pathways.Molecular docking shows that active ingredients such as quercetin and kaempferol bind stably toTNF(binding energy≤-9.0 kcal·mol^(-1))and PTGS2(≤-8.5kcal·mol^(-1)).Conclusion Fuzheng Gankang Pill may regulate biological processes such as cell apoptosis,tissue remodeling,inflammatory response,and immune response by acting on core targets such as TNF and PTGS2 through its core components quercetin,baicalein,β-sitosterol,baicalein,and kaempferol,thereby exerting therapeutic effects on CARAS with lung-spleen qi deficiency and wind-cold invading the lung syndrome.展开更多
IN the summer of 1937, after the Japanese invaded northeast China, they again encroached upon the northern lands. The Chinese army and common people, driven by anger and hatred, fought against the invaders, sparking o...IN the summer of 1937, after the Japanese invaded northeast China, they again encroached upon the northern lands. The Chinese army and common people, driven by anger and hatred, fought against the invaders, sparking off a full scale war of resistance against Japanese aggression.展开更多
Drifting can be an effective way for aquatic organisms to disperse and colonise new areas. Increasing connectivity between European large rivers facilitates invasion by drifting aquatic macroinvertebrates. The present...Drifting can be an effective way for aquatic organisms to disperse and colonise new areas. Increasing connectivity between European large rivers facilitates invasion by drifting aquatic macroinvertebrates. The present study shows that high abundances of invasive species drift in the headstream of the river Rhine. Dikerogammarus villosus and Chelicorophium cur- vispinum represented up to 90% of the total of drifting macroinvertebrates. Drift activity shows seasonal and diel patterns. Most species started drifting in spring and were most abundant in the water column during the summer period. Drift activity was very low during the winter period. Diel patterns were apparent; most species, including D. villosus, drifted during the night. Drifting macroinvertebrates colonised stony substrate directly from the water column. D. villosus generally colonised the substrate at night, while higher numbers of C. curvispinum colonised the substrate during the day. It is very likely that drifting functions as a disper- sal mechanism for crustacean invaders. Once waterways are connected, these species are no longer necessarily dependent on dispersal vectors other than drift for extending their distribution range展开更多
This paper describes the effects that temperature changes in the Rhine river distributaries have on native and exotic fish diversity. Site-specific potentially affected fractions （PAFs） of the regional fish species ...This paper describes the effects that temperature changes in the Rhine river distributaries have on native and exotic fish diversity. Site-specific potentially affected fractions （PAFs） of the regional fish species pool were derived using species sensitivity distributions （SSDs） for water temperature. The number of fish species in the river distributaries has changed remarkably over the last century. The number of native rheophilous species declined up until 1980 due to anthropogenic disturbances such as commercial fishing, fiver regulation, migration barriers, habitat deterioration and water pollution. In spite of progress in river re- habilitation, the native rheophilous fish fauna has only partially recovered thus far. The total number of species has strongly in- creased due to the appearance of more exotic species. After the opening of the Rhine-Main-Danube waterway in 1992, many fish species originating from the Ponto-Caspian area colonized the Rhine basin. The yearly minimum and maximum river tempera- tures at Lobith have increased by circa 4 ~C over the period 1908-2010. Exotic species show lower PAFs than native species at both ends of the temperature range. The interspecific variation in the temperature tolerance of exotic fish species was found to be large. Using temporal trends in river temperature allowed past predictions of PAFs to demonstrate that the increase in maximum river temperature negatively affected a higher percentage of native fish species than exotic species. Our results support the hy- pothesis that alterations of the river Rhine＇s temperature regime caused by thermal pollution and global wanning limit the full recovery of native fish fauna and facilitate the establishment of exotic species which thereby increases competition between native and exotic species. Thermal refuges are important for the survival of native fish species under extreme summer or winter temperature conditions展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to explore the significance of Chinese invaded cities in the urban planning history through a comparative view of the modern urban planning theories and methodologies of Qingdao (Tsi...The purpose of this paper is to explore the significance of Chinese invaded cities in the urban planning history through a comparative view of the modern urban planning theories and methodologies of Qingdao (Tsingtau) and those of the developed world from the late 19th century to mid 20th century. After reviewing the German Plan in 1898～1906 and the Japanese Plan in 1941, the paper concludes that the basis grounds of the urban planning practices in Qingdao between 1897～1945 were of the realistic physical planning, rather than of the commonly assumed utopian garden city. Therefore, Qingdao, once being a modern planning lab objectively, helped forward the theories and methodologies of the world′s modern urban planning between the late 19th century and mid 20th century.展开更多
From circa 1970,Elaeagnus angustifolia(olivillo,Russian olive)has been a notorious invader in the valley livestock fields at Mid Valley of Rio Negro,in North Patagonia,Argentina.The species colonized riparian and plai...From circa 1970,Elaeagnus angustifolia(olivillo,Russian olive)has been a notorious invader in the valley livestock fields at Mid Valley of Rio Negro,in North Patagonia,Argentina.The species colonized riparian and plain areas forming different stands.Once introduced in this semiarid region,the seasonal and yearly climatic variations,as well as the flow regimen of the river,influenced the colonization speed.Depending on the landscape,E.angustifolia stands may develop as monospecific groups or in associations with other trees,leaving some uninvaded areas in-between.The different shapes and the main species forming the canopy of the stands,affect the floristic composition,and the cattle forage quality,of the US(Understory)community,if compared with the uninvaded zones.Other herbaceous community can be distinguished at the stands'border.The description of the different stages on E.angustifolia colonization in Mid Valley for 25 years,shows that the colonization was hastened by rainy years and wet soils.Once established,and while the new specimens reached the reproductive age,the enhancement of the population was the result of vegetative sprouting and diminished US diversity.This period was immediately followed by drought years,but the amelioration of soil quality of the already nitrogen fixating roots and the attenuation of incident sunlight,benefited herbaceous strata under the canopy of all the stand with Russian olive.Posterior changes in trees composition and management of the cattle fields,influenced US diversity.Today,the herbaceous composition studies show that,under dense monospecific population of E.angustifolia,the pasture reduces forage quality because of the dominance of non-palatable species.Stands'border areas combine an enhanced nitrogen content in soils,and enough light to develop a herbaceous community of annual and perennial grasses and forbs.An increment on biodiversity and spontaneous forage biomass is noticed after the Russian olive plants are removed.展开更多
Native species may decline quickly when confronted with an exotic species to which they are not adapted. The extent of decline may depend on the abundance of an invader and the length of time since it first arrived in...Native species may decline quickly when confronted with an exotic species to which they are not adapted. The extent of decline may depend on the abundance of an invader and the length of time since it first arrived in the community （residence time）, and the interaction between these two variables. We tested these effects using data on the effects of American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus invasion on native frog communities in 65 permanent lentic waters on islands in the Zhoushan Archipel- ago, China. We examined variation in native frog abundance and species richness in relation to features of the American bullfrog invasion, habitat disturbance, characteristics of the water body and fish communities and the presence of red swamp crayfish. Bullfrog invaded sites had lower native frog density and species richness, higher submerged vegetation cover and greater fre- quency of repairs to the water body than did non-invaded sites. The minimum adequate general linear mixed models showed that both native frog density and species richness were negatively related to post-metamorphosis bullfrog density, and that native frog species richness was also positively related to the vegetation cover. There was no effect on either native frog density or species richness of residence time or its interaction with bullfrog density, or of the abundance of bullfrog tadpoles. The results suggested that post-metamorphosis bullfrogs had impacts on native frog communities in the islands, and that the extents of these impacts are proportional to post-metamorphosis bullfrog density展开更多
To better understand the dust storm (hereafter DS) inducing circulation in the China-Mongolia (CM) DS activity area,the spring mean circulation features and differences on lower levels in three subregions of the CM DS...To better understand the dust storm (hereafter DS) inducing circulation in the China-Mongolia (CM) DS activity area,the spring mean circulation features and differences on lower levels in three subregions of the CM DS area for the majorandminor-DS years have,as a whole (not partly),been analyzed,utilizing the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalyzed gridded data,the observed DS frequency data in the CM area,and the composite analysis method.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) Judging from the differences in the DS-inducing systems,dust origins,paths of invading cold air,and main DS-strike areas,the whole CM DS area is roughly divided into the three subre-gions:the East-,Middleand West-CM subregions (in this paper,referred to as E-,M-,and W-CM).(2) In major DSs during spring over the E-CM,the middleand lower-level troughs or cyclones over the Japan Sea and northeastern China (NEC) domi-nate.The invading cold air along the northeastern (NE) or north by east (NE) path often causes the DS in the E-CM region.But nearly the opposite is true inminor DS during spring in E-CM.(3) In the major DS during spring over the M-CM region,the Mongolian troughs or cyclones are the main DS-inducing systems.The strong invading cold air along the northwestern (NW)or north by west (Nw) path causes the DSs in the M-CM region.(4) In the major DSs during spring over the W-CM region,the South Xinjiang heat lows prevail,the intruding cold air has a western path,and creates the DSs in South Xinjiang.(5) In the past 50 years,the DSs over the M-CM region have had the most severe impact on the preceding three subregions of the CM DS area.Overall,DS activities over all of three regions of the CM area decreased in the past (particularly,over Mand W-CM regions since the mid-1980s.But there existed a short and sudden increasing in E-CM in the years 2000-2002.(6) It is circulation changes and desertification evolutions that cause the yearly and decadal changes of DS in CM area,especially the former.With the backdrop of global warming in the future,perhaps the decreased DS activities over Mand W-CM will persist for some time again,and special attention should be paid to ones over E-CM or to the individual DS events over Mand W-CM.展开更多
TREATMENT OF 236 CASES OF FA-CIAL PARALYSIS WITH ACUPUNC-TUREMu Shukun Chinese Medical Team to SomaliaPatients in the present series wereSomalis of asthenic physique who lived neara windy and damp coast;therefore,thei...TREATMENT OF 236 CASES OF FA-CIAL PARALYSIS WITH ACUPUNC-TUREMu Shukun Chinese Medical Team to SomaliaPatients in the present series wereSomalis of asthenic physique who lived neara windy and damp coast;therefore,their fa-cial paralysis were mostly of the type of evilfactors invading a deficient constitution.The cases were treated by through-punc-tures with long needles.The method展开更多
Four Patients with tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenitis resembling leiomyoma of the oesophagus are presented. The differential diagnosis between this disease and leiomyoma of the oesophagus is discussed. In any adult...Four Patients with tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenitis resembling leiomyoma of the oesophagus are presented. The differential diagnosis between this disease and leiomyoma of the oesophagus is discussed. In any adult patient, especially young females with dysphagia and filling defects along the middle third of the oesophagus, the possibility of tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis. The material here presented is based upon conventional radiologic methods which are also available in the developing countries.展开更多
Aseptic necrosis of the head of femur falls into the category of "Gushi" (corroded bone) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Its pathogenesis is due to pathogenic factors invading channels,
Invading track of chloride ions and chloride ion distribution rule in cement-based materials were investigated by partially soaking in 3.5% （mass fraction） NaCl solution and fully immerging in 3.5% and 5.0% （mass f...Invading track of chloride ions and chloride ion distribution rule in cement-based materials were investigated by partially soaking in 3.5% （mass fraction） NaCl solution and fully immerging in 3.5% and 5.0% （mass fraction） NaC1 solution, respectively, and relevant invading mechanisms were discussed. Results indicate that under full immerging condition, the invading track of chloride ions in cement mortar is similar to beeline that is vertical to chloride ion invading direction, and chloride ion content decreases rapidly with the increase of chloride ion invading depth. Under partial soaking condition, the invading track of chloride ion in cement mortar is similar to the shape of concave parabola, and chloride ion content decreases slowly along the lengthway direction of cement mortar samples in the distance of 20-80 mm from the bottom. Lots of chloride ions accumulate in cement mortar surface layer under the effect of capillary rise and evaporation and then invade cement mortar by diffusion effect. Under partial soaking condition, cement mortar is distinguished by four areas, i.e., immerging area, wet area, crystallization area and dry area.展开更多
we treated 278 cases of bronchiectasic hemoptysis with point injection ofHerba Houttuynia solution.The injected points,among which Kongzui(LU6)was the mainpoint,were selected according to the differentiation of syndro...we treated 278 cases of bronchiectasic hemoptysis with point injection ofHerba Houttuynia solution.The injected points,among which Kongzui(LU6)was the mainpoint,were selected according to the differentiation of syndromes.As a result,217 caseswere improved,40 markedly cured ,40 markedly improved.12 improved and 9 not improved.The total effective rate reached 95.5%.展开更多
The presence and growth cycle of the browse Elaeagnus angustifolia(olivillo,Russian olive),naturalized in the Mid Valley,Rio Negro,Argentina,must be considered in the yearly schedule of rangeland management.Field obse...The presence and growth cycle of the browse Elaeagnus angustifolia(olivillo,Russian olive),naturalized in the Mid Valley,Rio Negro,Argentina,must be considered in the yearly schedule of rangeland management.Field observations showed that cattle prefer the leaves of this species that are included on the reproductive branches which develop as a thyrse inflorescence.In this trial,authors studied the incidence of E.angustifolia in the breeding cow’s diet as determined by microhistological analysis of cow feces;mapped the distribution patterns in a cattle farm and quantified its abundance in different parcels;estimated the volume of forage produced by this species and determined the nutritive value of the edible parts of the plants.The quality and quantity of the thyrses accessible for cow’s browse suggest that E.angustifolia must be considered as an important feed input.The results are used to schedule grazing periods in a valley farm divided into plots with different abundances of E.angustifolia and a known floristic composition.展开更多
Also if rarely, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and metastatic carcinoma can invade the retrohepatic portion of the inferior vena cava （IVC）, because of the proximity of this vessel to the liver.
Dear Sir, I am Dong Hyun Ji, from the Department of Ophthalmology of St. Vincent’s Hospital, Suwon, Korea. I write to present a very severely recurrent basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in lower lid invading left orbit and ...Dear Sir, I am Dong Hyun Ji, from the Department of Ophthalmology of St. Vincent’s Hospital, Suwon, Korea. I write to present a very severely recurrent basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in lower lid invading left orbit and whole hemiface,展开更多
Spodoptera frugiperda is becoming more and more widely distributed in various regions of the world,and it does more and more harm to agriculture,which seriously affects the growth and development of crops.In this pape...Spodoptera frugiperda is becoming more and more widely distributed in various regions of the world,and it does more and more harm to agriculture,which seriously affects the growth and development of crops.In this paper,focuses were laid on the harm,reproduction,invasion and control of Spodoptera frugiperda,with the aim to provide more scientific bases for agricultural departments to guide agricultural production and pest control.展开更多
基金supported by Special Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research in Henan Province(2023ZY1024,2022ZY1144)Special COVID-19 Research Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Henan Province(2022ZYFY08)+1 种基金Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture and Management Research Project in Henan Province(TCM2023005)Basic Scientific Research Business Fund Project of Henan Integrative Medicine Hospital(2304025,2304015)。
文摘Objective To elucidate the mechanism of Fuzheng Gankang Pill in treating combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome(CARAS)with lung-spleen qi deficiency and wind-cold invading the lung syndrome using network pharmacology and molecular docking.MethodsThe active components and targets of the 13 herbs in Fuzheng Gankang Pill were retrieved from the TraditionalChinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and HERB.A“core herb-active component-target"network was constructed using Cytoscape to screen core components.CARAS disease targets were obtained from Genecards,NationalCenter for Biotechnology Information(NCBI),and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM).Targets related to the clinical phenotypes of CARAS with lung-spleen qi deficiency and wind-cold invading the lung syndrome were retrieved from the Traditional ChineseMedicineSyndrome Ontology and Multidimensional Quantitative Association Calculation Platform.The intersection of CARAS disease targets and syndromerelated targets yielded CARAS disease-syndrome targets.The intersection of Fuzheng Gankang Pill component-related targets and CARAS disease-syndrome targets provided“disease-syndrome-formula”intersection targets.These targets were uploaded to the STRING database for protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis,with topological analysis identifying key targets.Metascape was used for Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis.Molecular docking validation was performed using AutoDock Vina 1.1.2.Results The 13 core herbs of Fuzheng Gankang Pill contain a total of 200 active ingredients and 289 related targets.There are 2,412 disease targets for CARAS and 735 corresponding disease targets for the main and secondary symptoms of lung-spleen qi deficiency and wind-cold invading the lung.Through the Venn diagram,a total of 35 intersecting targets were obtained for Fuzheng Gankang Pill,CARAS,and the combination of lung-spleen qi deficiency and wind-cold invading the lung syndrome.Quercetin,Polygonatum sibiricum flavonoids,β-sitosterol,baicalein,kaempferol,etc.,are core components.PPI network analysis found that tumor necrosis factor(TNF),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,transforming growth factor beta 1(TGFβ1),BCL2,etc.,are the core targets for the compound to exert therapeutic effects.GO enrichment analysis showed that the 13 core drugs of Fuzheng Gankang Pill mainly participate in key biological processes such as positive regulation of protein modification,response to hormones,and negative regulation of cell population proliferation through protein kinases in areas such as membrane rafts,membrane microregions,plasma membrane protein complexes,and receptor com-plexes.KEGG enriched a total of 30 signaling pathways.Molecular docking shows that active ingredients such as quercetin and kaempferol bind stably toTNF(binding energy≤-9.0 kcal·mol^(-1))and PTGS2(≤-8.5kcal·mol^(-1)).Conclusion Fuzheng Gankang Pill may regulate biological processes such as cell apoptosis,tissue remodeling,inflammatory response,and immune response by acting on core targets such as TNF and PTGS2 through its core components quercetin,baicalein,β-sitosterol,baicalein,and kaempferol,thereby exerting therapeutic effects on CARAS with lung-spleen qi deficiency and wind-cold invading the lung syndrome.
文摘IN the summer of 1937, after the Japanese invaded northeast China, they again encroached upon the northern lands. The Chinese army and common people, driven by anger and hatred, fought against the invaders, sparking off a full scale war of resistance against Japanese aggression.
文摘Drifting can be an effective way for aquatic organisms to disperse and colonise new areas. Increasing connectivity between European large rivers facilitates invasion by drifting aquatic macroinvertebrates. The present study shows that high abundances of invasive species drift in the headstream of the river Rhine. Dikerogammarus villosus and Chelicorophium cur- vispinum represented up to 90% of the total of drifting macroinvertebrates. Drift activity shows seasonal and diel patterns. Most species started drifting in spring and were most abundant in the water column during the summer period. Drift activity was very low during the winter period. Diel patterns were apparent; most species, including D. villosus, drifted during the night. Drifting macroinvertebrates colonised stony substrate directly from the water column. D. villosus generally colonised the substrate at night, while higher numbers of C. curvispinum colonised the substrate during the day. It is very likely that drifting functions as a disper- sal mechanism for crustacean invaders. Once waterways are connected, these species are no longer necessarily dependent on dispersal vectors other than drift for extending their distribution range
文摘This paper describes the effects that temperature changes in the Rhine river distributaries have on native and exotic fish diversity. Site-specific potentially affected fractions （PAFs） of the regional fish species pool were derived using species sensitivity distributions （SSDs） for water temperature. The number of fish species in the river distributaries has changed remarkably over the last century. The number of native rheophilous species declined up until 1980 due to anthropogenic disturbances such as commercial fishing, fiver regulation, migration barriers, habitat deterioration and water pollution. In spite of progress in river re- habilitation, the native rheophilous fish fauna has only partially recovered thus far. The total number of species has strongly in- creased due to the appearance of more exotic species. After the opening of the Rhine-Main-Danube waterway in 1992, many fish species originating from the Ponto-Caspian area colonized the Rhine basin. The yearly minimum and maximum river tempera- tures at Lobith have increased by circa 4 ~C over the period 1908-2010. Exotic species show lower PAFs than native species at both ends of the temperature range. The interspecific variation in the temperature tolerance of exotic fish species was found to be large. Using temporal trends in river temperature allowed past predictions of PAFs to demonstrate that the increase in maximum river temperature negatively affected a higher percentage of native fish species than exotic species. Our results support the hy- pothesis that alterations of the river Rhine＇s temperature regime caused by thermal pollution and global wanning limit the full recovery of native fish fauna and facilitate the establishment of exotic species which thereby increases competition between native and exotic species. Thermal refuges are important for the survival of native fish species under extreme summer or winter temperature conditions
文摘The purpose of this paper is to explore the significance of Chinese invaded cities in the urban planning history through a comparative view of the modern urban planning theories and methodologies of Qingdao (Tsingtau) and those of the developed world from the late 19th century to mid 20th century. After reviewing the German Plan in 1898～1906 and the Japanese Plan in 1941, the paper concludes that the basis grounds of the urban planning practices in Qingdao between 1897～1945 were of the realistic physical planning, rather than of the commonly assumed utopian garden city. Therefore, Qingdao, once being a modern planning lab objectively, helped forward the theories and methodologies of the world′s modern urban planning between the late 19th century and mid 20th century.
文摘From circa 1970,Elaeagnus angustifolia(olivillo,Russian olive)has been a notorious invader in the valley livestock fields at Mid Valley of Rio Negro,in North Patagonia,Argentina.The species colonized riparian and plain areas forming different stands.Once introduced in this semiarid region,the seasonal and yearly climatic variations,as well as the flow regimen of the river,influenced the colonization speed.Depending on the landscape,E.angustifolia stands may develop as monospecific groups or in associations with other trees,leaving some uninvaded areas in-between.The different shapes and the main species forming the canopy of the stands,affect the floristic composition,and the cattle forage quality,of the US(Understory)community,if compared with the uninvaded zones.Other herbaceous community can be distinguished at the stands'border.The description of the different stages on E.angustifolia colonization in Mid Valley for 25 years,shows that the colonization was hastened by rainy years and wet soils.Once established,and while the new specimens reached the reproductive age,the enhancement of the population was the result of vegetative sprouting and diminished US diversity.This period was immediately followed by drought years,but the amelioration of soil quality of the already nitrogen fixating roots and the attenuation of incident sunlight,benefited herbaceous strata under the canopy of all the stand with Russian olive.Posterior changes in trees composition and management of the cattle fields,influenced US diversity.Today,the herbaceous composition studies show that,under dense monospecific population of E.angustifolia,the pasture reduces forage quality because of the dominance of non-palatable species.Stands'border areas combine an enhanced nitrogen content in soils,and enough light to develop a herbaceous community of annual and perennial grasses and forbs.An increment on biodiversity and spontaneous forage biomass is noticed after the Russian olive plants are removed.
基金Acknowledgements We thank Feng XU and Yanping WANG for helping a part of field works and Richard Duncan for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from National Science foundation （No. 30870312） and by a grant from the ＂973＂ program （No. 2007CB411600）.
文摘Native species may decline quickly when confronted with an exotic species to which they are not adapted. The extent of decline may depend on the abundance of an invader and the length of time since it first arrived in the community （residence time）, and the interaction between these two variables. We tested these effects using data on the effects of American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus invasion on native frog communities in 65 permanent lentic waters on islands in the Zhoushan Archipel- ago, China. We examined variation in native frog abundance and species richness in relation to features of the American bullfrog invasion, habitat disturbance, characteristics of the water body and fish communities and the presence of red swamp crayfish. Bullfrog invaded sites had lower native frog density and species richness, higher submerged vegetation cover and greater fre- quency of repairs to the water body than did non-invaded sites. The minimum adequate general linear mixed models showed that both native frog density and species richness were negatively related to post-metamorphosis bullfrog density, and that native frog species richness was also positively related to the vegetation cover. There was no effect on either native frog density or species richness of residence time or its interaction with bullfrog density, or of the abundance of bullfrog tadpoles. The results suggested that post-metamorphosis bullfrogs had impacts on native frog communities in the islands, and that the extents of these impacts are proportional to post-metamorphosis bullfrog density
基金under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40825015 and No.40810059006)
文摘To better understand the dust storm (hereafter DS) inducing circulation in the China-Mongolia (CM) DS activity area,the spring mean circulation features and differences on lower levels in three subregions of the CM DS area for the majorandminor-DS years have,as a whole (not partly),been analyzed,utilizing the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalyzed gridded data,the observed DS frequency data in the CM area,and the composite analysis method.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) Judging from the differences in the DS-inducing systems,dust origins,paths of invading cold air,and main DS-strike areas,the whole CM DS area is roughly divided into the three subre-gions:the East-,Middleand West-CM subregions (in this paper,referred to as E-,M-,and W-CM).(2) In major DSs during spring over the E-CM,the middleand lower-level troughs or cyclones over the Japan Sea and northeastern China (NEC) domi-nate.The invading cold air along the northeastern (NE) or north by east (NE) path often causes the DS in the E-CM region.But nearly the opposite is true inminor DS during spring in E-CM.(3) In the major DS during spring over the M-CM region,the Mongolian troughs or cyclones are the main DS-inducing systems.The strong invading cold air along the northwestern (NW)or north by west (Nw) path causes the DSs in the M-CM region.(4) In the major DSs during spring over the W-CM region,the South Xinjiang heat lows prevail,the intruding cold air has a western path,and creates the DSs in South Xinjiang.(5) In the past 50 years,the DSs over the M-CM region have had the most severe impact on the preceding three subregions of the CM DS area.Overall,DS activities over all of three regions of the CM area decreased in the past (particularly,over Mand W-CM regions since the mid-1980s.But there existed a short and sudden increasing in E-CM in the years 2000-2002.(6) It is circulation changes and desertification evolutions that cause the yearly and decadal changes of DS in CM area,especially the former.With the backdrop of global warming in the future,perhaps the decreased DS activities over Mand W-CM will persist for some time again,and special attention should be paid to ones over E-CM or to the individual DS events over Mand W-CM.
文摘TREATMENT OF 236 CASES OF FA-CIAL PARALYSIS WITH ACUPUNC-TUREMu Shukun Chinese Medical Team to SomaliaPatients in the present series wereSomalis of asthenic physique who lived neara windy and damp coast;therefore,their fa-cial paralysis were mostly of the type of evilfactors invading a deficient constitution.The cases were treated by through-punc-tures with long needles.The method
文摘Four Patients with tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenitis resembling leiomyoma of the oesophagus are presented. The differential diagnosis between this disease and leiomyoma of the oesophagus is discussed. In any adult patient, especially young females with dysphagia and filling defects along the middle third of the oesophagus, the possibility of tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis. The material here presented is based upon conventional radiologic methods which are also available in the developing countries.
文摘Aseptic necrosis of the head of femur falls into the category of "Gushi" (corroded bone) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Its pathogenesis is due to pathogenic factors invading channels,
基金Project(50678174) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Invading track of chloride ions and chloride ion distribution rule in cement-based materials were investigated by partially soaking in 3.5% （mass fraction） NaCl solution and fully immerging in 3.5% and 5.0% （mass fraction） NaC1 solution, respectively, and relevant invading mechanisms were discussed. Results indicate that under full immerging condition, the invading track of chloride ions in cement mortar is similar to beeline that is vertical to chloride ion invading direction, and chloride ion content decreases rapidly with the increase of chloride ion invading depth. Under partial soaking condition, the invading track of chloride ion in cement mortar is similar to the shape of concave parabola, and chloride ion content decreases slowly along the lengthway direction of cement mortar samples in the distance of 20-80 mm from the bottom. Lots of chloride ions accumulate in cement mortar surface layer under the effect of capillary rise and evaporation and then invade cement mortar by diffusion effect. Under partial soaking condition, cement mortar is distinguished by four areas, i.e., immerging area, wet area, crystallization area and dry area.
文摘we treated 278 cases of bronchiectasic hemoptysis with point injection ofHerba Houttuynia solution.The injected points,among which Kongzui(LU6)was the mainpoint,were selected according to the differentiation of syndromes.As a result,217 caseswere improved,40 markedly cured ,40 markedly improved.12 improved and 9 not improved.The total effective rate reached 95.5%.
文摘The presence and growth cycle of the browse Elaeagnus angustifolia(olivillo,Russian olive),naturalized in the Mid Valley,Rio Negro,Argentina,must be considered in the yearly schedule of rangeland management.Field observations showed that cattle prefer the leaves of this species that are included on the reproductive branches which develop as a thyrse inflorescence.In this trial,authors studied the incidence of E.angustifolia in the breeding cow’s diet as determined by microhistological analysis of cow feces;mapped the distribution patterns in a cattle farm and quantified its abundance in different parcels;estimated the volume of forage produced by this species and determined the nutritive value of the edible parts of the plants.The quality and quantity of the thyrses accessible for cow’s browse suggest that E.angustifolia must be considered as an important feed input.The results are used to schedule grazing periods in a valley farm divided into plots with different abundances of E.angustifolia and a known floristic composition.
文摘Also if rarely, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and metastatic carcinoma can invade the retrohepatic portion of the inferior vena cava （IVC）, because of the proximity of this vessel to the liver.
文摘Dear Sir, I am Dong Hyun Ji, from the Department of Ophthalmology of St. Vincent’s Hospital, Suwon, Korea. I write to present a very severely recurrent basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in lower lid invading left orbit and whole hemiface,
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hunan Province,China(2019NK4170)The Project for Quality Postgraduate Courses of Hunan Province,China(XJT[2019]No.370).
文摘Spodoptera frugiperda is becoming more and more widely distributed in various regions of the world,and it does more and more harm to agriculture,which seriously affects the growth and development of crops.In this paper,focuses were laid on the harm,reproduction,invasion and control of Spodoptera frugiperda,with the aim to provide more scientific bases for agricultural departments to guide agricultural production and pest control.
