If you're tired of piles of homework,would it help to imagine yourself as a hard-working emperor,buried in memorials and annotating imperial officials' reports?If so,adopting a xiexiu(meaning“unorthodox”)way...If you're tired of piles of homework,would it help to imagine yourself as a hard-working emperor,buried in memorials and annotating imperial officials' reports?If so,adopting a xiexiu(meaning“unorthodox”)way of studying may be for you.展开更多
In physics,our expectations for system behavior are often guided by intuitive arithmetic.For systems composed of identical units,we anticipate synergy of the contributions from these units,where 1+1=2.Conversely,for s...In physics,our expectations for system behavior are often guided by intuitive arithmetic.For systems composed of identical units,we anticipate synergy of the contributions from these units,where 1+1=2.Conversely,for systems built from opposing units,we expect cancellation of their contributions,where 1-1=0.This intuitive arithmetic has long underpinned our understanding of physical properties of materials,from electronic transport to optical responses.However,scientific breakthroughs often occur when nature reveals ways to circumvent these seemingly fundamental rules,opening new possibilities that challenge our deepest assumptions about material behavior.展开更多
By MAMADOU DIOUF,Seagull Books.Africa in the World’s Time.In this book,distinguished historian Mamadou Diouf repositions Africa at the centre of global historical imagination.Countering long-standing colonial narrati...By MAMADOU DIOUF,Seagull Books.Africa in the World’s Time.In this book,distinguished historian Mamadou Diouf repositions Africa at the centre of global historical imagination.Countering long-standing colonial narratives that relegated the continent to the margins,Diouf uncovers the intellectual,artistic,and cultural traditions through which Africans have continuously interpreted,debated,and rewritten their own histories.展开更多
Bloom’s taxonomy is widely used in educational research to categorize the cognitive skills required to answer exam questions.For this study,we analyzed how students categorize exam questions(high-level question or lo...Bloom’s taxonomy is widely used in educational research to categorize the cognitive skills required to answer exam questions.For this study,we analyzed how students categorize exam questions(high-level question or low-level question,)gathered data as to their rationale for categorization,and compared their categorizations to those of experts.We found that students consistently rank high-level questions incorrectly.We analyzed student reasons for their categorizations,and found that for many of the incorrectly categorized questions the students referred to reasons related to Cognitive Load Theory.This shows that cognitive load prevents students from accurately assessing the cognitive level of an exam question.Thus,extra cognitive load in exam questions may prevent those questions from accurately measuring the skills and knowledge of the student.This points to the need for instructors to eliminate cognitive load from their exams.展开更多
Wallace Stevens is a distinguished American modern poet.He come up with the idea of Supreme Fiction,in which he holds poetry as the union of reality and imagination,brings power,order,and wisdom to the world,which fea...Wallace Stevens is a distinguished American modern poet.He come up with the idea of Supreme Fiction,in which he holds poetry as the union of reality and imagination,brings power,order,and wisdom to the world,which features his work with philosophy and poetic wisdom.Stevens's perspectives on poetry writing and the needs of spiritual enrichment share some similarities with Friedrich Nietzsche on art and aesthetics-Art is the final form of sublimation of the souls of human beings.展开更多
Moral imagination is the ability that can help individuals overcome constraints of organizational mental models to develop fresh frameworks and to make ethical decisions on the basis of those frameworks.This study aim...Moral imagination is the ability that can help individuals overcome constraints of organizational mental models to develop fresh frameworks and to make ethical decisions on the basis of those frameworks.This study aimed to explore the moderated mediator role of organizational commitment between ethical leadership and moral imagination.Data of 281 employees were collected,and results showed that when the victim of a certain ethical issue is their own company,organizational commitment fully mediated the effect of ethical leadership on moral imagination;however,when the victim is other company,ethical leadership and organizational commitment hadn't any effect on moral imagination.Those results showed the process that ethical leadership uses to influence moral imagination is not a social learning process but a social exchange process.展开更多
Bazin favored every means to increase the ＂reality coefficient＂ in cinema. He specially prized cinema showing events integrally, what means, on the one hand, to show simultaneously and fully all the characters and a...Bazin favored every means to increase the ＂reality coefficient＂ in cinema. He specially prized cinema showing events integrally, what means, on the one hand, to show simultaneously and fully all the characters and all the objects pertaining to an event, and on the other to show the event integrally as it develops in time. Additionally Bazin showed that such a procedure reduces the purely literary component in cinema, and, correspondingly, increases its illusory force--as to the fictional reality presented. Yet, Bazin＇s work is not systematic, giving us brilliant insights scattered through many essays. Following Bazin＇s main idea, this presentation attempts to systematically discuss the illusory potential of the shot presenting an event integrally as compared with the imaginary, that is, literary character introduced in cinema by suggesting an event by means of montage and fragmentary shots. We proceed by means of a detailed consideration of the belief-structure of the aesthetic experience corresponding to the single shot integrally showing an event and to montage suggesting an event by means of fragmentary shots. The core of the presentation lies in defining the concept of aesthetic belief as the propositional attitude having the structure accepting that P without believing that P is the case. We will carefully distinguish that structure in the case of illusion from the case of imagination as well as from illusion as sensory-based deception.展开更多
To see what lacks representation on stage is a fully creative act that the spectator performs thanks to his or her imagination, as （s）he is called to retrieve via memory what is objectively absent from the scene. Th...To see what lacks representation on stage is a fully creative act that the spectator performs thanks to his or her imagination, as （s）he is called to retrieve via memory what is objectively absent from the scene. The Renaissance audience accomplished such a creative act by making use of rhetoric and figurative arts. However, it is pre-eminently words that trigger and support the imagination, as Shakespeare＇s drama best exemplifies. Both in the Elizabethan drama and in the Italian Renaissance theatre, with its perspectival vision, the spectator＇s creative act takes place in an ideal space where the stage space turns into the locus of stereoscopic vision. Consequently, the creation and consumption of the vision originates first and foremost in drama （comedy and tragedy）. The psychological, aesthetic, and anthropological mechanisms at the heart of vision, and the fruition of the images deriving from words, can be found as operating within the dramatic text, from the point of view of both the playwright and of the spectator/listener, in a direct relationship of cause and effect. Religious and especially Jesuitical drama, whose theatrical experience aims at discovering a correspondence between words and images, testifies to the visual power of the theatre.展开更多
China culture centers and tourism offices overseas will host more than 250 cultural and tourism events in over 40 countries from May 15 to June 30.Through exhibitions, shows, lectures and forums, the global project,&q...China culture centers and tourism offices overseas will host more than 250 cultural and tourism events in over 40 countries from May 15 to June 30.Through exhibitions, shows, lectures and forums, the global project,"China Tourism and Culture Week", whose tagline is " China Beyond Your lmagination", aims to showcase a real China and its modern development, as well as promote tourism and cultural cooperation between China and the rest of the world.展开更多
This paper is born from the intimate belief that solutions for the future are to be found in the past. No transformation is irreversible enough to destroy the experiences of the past, unified as a core in tradition. T...This paper is born from the intimate belief that solutions for the future are to be found in the past. No transformation is irreversible enough to destroy the experiences of the past, unified as a core in tradition. Those come into light whenever the proper conditions are created. From the point of view of architecture, representation is the basis for the transmission of knowledge, ideas, feelings, etc. The method of the paper is to put in antithesis two concepts which define the present world of representation： real （associated to transcendent revelation） and virtual （understood as result of human imagination）. An itinerary through the philosophy of Plato and Plotin, ancient Greek, Byzantine, Gothic architecture, etc., is proposed, until encountering the moment of the death of revelation and the birth of the arbitrary, which is connected to the supremacy of the image. This journey through aesthetic conceptions brought major changes in art and society during the centuries. Recuperation of the involvement of all human senses into perception of space and understanding of the built environment of life as revelation, and not as a simple interface of images, may lead now to a revolution of urban spirit, based on a relationship with the city inspired from the values promoted by Socrates and later developed into Christianity, that proved their permanence across the millenniums.展开更多
My paper analyzes the issue of the alternation between two complementary concepts which can be analyzed in the novel The Heart Song of Charging Elk： imprisonment and freedom. In order to achieve this goal, I have use...My paper analyzes the issue of the alternation between two complementary concepts which can be analyzed in the novel The Heart Song of Charging Elk： imprisonment and freedom. In order to achieve this goal, I have used several critical theories of authors such as： Michel Foucault, Carl Jung, and Pierre Bourdieu. The analysis is concerned with exploring the alternation between the themes of freedom and imprisonment and the way in which these issues influence the evolution of the main character. I argue that the two themes are in a relation of interdependency and they can be interpreted as opposites from a rational point of view. The rational point of view, although valuable, is, however, incomplete without the exploration of the emotional and subjective factor. This factor can account for the ＂unreasonable＂ events from a broader perspective： that of the imagination. As Michel Foucault argues, power exists only in action. Power is also a rather elusive concept. In the same way, the perception of reality can be represented more accurately from a subjective point of view. More exactly, reality is constructed with every thought, emotion, and action of the individual. To sum up, I argue that, from a sociological point of view, the main character is striving to assimilate his personality in a new and hostile cultural environment. On the other hand, from a psychological point of view, he is confronting his inner shadow, as Carl Jung defines the hidden part of the personality. This has a result of the emergence of a genuine sense of self. As the critic Pierre Bourdieu argues, there are a set of common characteristics of taste which define the social belonging of an individual. In the analyzed novel the character manages to adapt to the new situation and to overcome the obstacles that he finds on his way.展开更多
文摘If you're tired of piles of homework,would it help to imagine yourself as a hard-working emperor,buried in memorials and annotating imperial officials' reports?If so,adopting a xiexiu(meaning“unorthodox”)way of studying may be for you.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12374109)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2023YFA1406600)。
文摘In physics,our expectations for system behavior are often guided by intuitive arithmetic.For systems composed of identical units,we anticipate synergy of the contributions from these units,where 1+1=2.Conversely,for systems built from opposing units,we expect cancellation of their contributions,where 1-1=0.This intuitive arithmetic has long underpinned our understanding of physical properties of materials,from electronic transport to optical responses.However,scientific breakthroughs often occur when nature reveals ways to circumvent these seemingly fundamental rules,opening new possibilities that challenge our deepest assumptions about material behavior.
文摘By MAMADOU DIOUF,Seagull Books.Africa in the World’s Time.In this book,distinguished historian Mamadou Diouf repositions Africa at the centre of global historical imagination.Countering long-standing colonial narratives that relegated the continent to the margins,Diouf uncovers the intellectual,artistic,and cultural traditions through which Africans have continuously interpreted,debated,and rewritten their own histories.
文摘Bloom’s taxonomy is widely used in educational research to categorize the cognitive skills required to answer exam questions.For this study,we analyzed how students categorize exam questions(high-level question or low-level question,)gathered data as to their rationale for categorization,and compared their categorizations to those of experts.We found that students consistently rank high-level questions incorrectly.We analyzed student reasons for their categorizations,and found that for many of the incorrectly categorized questions the students referred to reasons related to Cognitive Load Theory.This shows that cognitive load prevents students from accurately assessing the cognitive level of an exam question.Thus,extra cognitive load in exam questions may prevent those questions from accurately measuring the skills and knowledge of the student.This points to the need for instructors to eliminate cognitive load from their exams.
文摘Wallace Stevens is a distinguished American modern poet.He come up with the idea of Supreme Fiction,in which he holds poetry as the union of reality and imagination,brings power,order,and wisdom to the world,which features his work with philosophy and poetic wisdom.Stevens's perspectives on poetry writing and the needs of spiritual enrichment share some similarities with Friedrich Nietzsche on art and aesthetics-Art is the final form of sublimation of the souls of human beings.
基金supported by a grant from the Chinese National Scientific Foundation(71002112,71562017)
文摘Moral imagination is the ability that can help individuals overcome constraints of organizational mental models to develop fresh frameworks and to make ethical decisions on the basis of those frameworks.This study aimed to explore the moderated mediator role of organizational commitment between ethical leadership and moral imagination.Data of 281 employees were collected,and results showed that when the victim of a certain ethical issue is their own company,organizational commitment fully mediated the effect of ethical leadership on moral imagination;however,when the victim is other company,ethical leadership and organizational commitment hadn't any effect on moral imagination.Those results showed the process that ethical leadership uses to influence moral imagination is not a social learning process but a social exchange process.
文摘Bazin favored every means to increase the ＂reality coefficient＂ in cinema. He specially prized cinema showing events integrally, what means, on the one hand, to show simultaneously and fully all the characters and all the objects pertaining to an event, and on the other to show the event integrally as it develops in time. Additionally Bazin showed that such a procedure reduces the purely literary component in cinema, and, correspondingly, increases its illusory force--as to the fictional reality presented. Yet, Bazin＇s work is not systematic, giving us brilliant insights scattered through many essays. Following Bazin＇s main idea, this presentation attempts to systematically discuss the illusory potential of the shot presenting an event integrally as compared with the imaginary, that is, literary character introduced in cinema by suggesting an event by means of montage and fragmentary shots. We proceed by means of a detailed consideration of the belief-structure of the aesthetic experience corresponding to the single shot integrally showing an event and to montage suggesting an event by means of fragmentary shots. The core of the presentation lies in defining the concept of aesthetic belief as the propositional attitude having the structure accepting that P without believing that P is the case. We will carefully distinguish that structure in the case of illusion from the case of imagination as well as from illusion as sensory-based deception.
文摘To see what lacks representation on stage is a fully creative act that the spectator performs thanks to his or her imagination, as （s）he is called to retrieve via memory what is objectively absent from the scene. The Renaissance audience accomplished such a creative act by making use of rhetoric and figurative arts. However, it is pre-eminently words that trigger and support the imagination, as Shakespeare＇s drama best exemplifies. Both in the Elizabethan drama and in the Italian Renaissance theatre, with its perspectival vision, the spectator＇s creative act takes place in an ideal space where the stage space turns into the locus of stereoscopic vision. Consequently, the creation and consumption of the vision originates first and foremost in drama （comedy and tragedy）. The psychological, aesthetic, and anthropological mechanisms at the heart of vision, and the fruition of the images deriving from words, can be found as operating within the dramatic text, from the point of view of both the playwright and of the spectator/listener, in a direct relationship of cause and effect. Religious and especially Jesuitical drama, whose theatrical experience aims at discovering a correspondence between words and images, testifies to the visual power of the theatre.
文摘China culture centers and tourism offices overseas will host more than 250 cultural and tourism events in over 40 countries from May 15 to June 30.Through exhibitions, shows, lectures and forums, the global project,"China Tourism and Culture Week", whose tagline is " China Beyond Your lmagination", aims to showcase a real China and its modern development, as well as promote tourism and cultural cooperation between China and the rest of the world.
文摘This paper is born from the intimate belief that solutions for the future are to be found in the past. No transformation is irreversible enough to destroy the experiences of the past, unified as a core in tradition. Those come into light whenever the proper conditions are created. From the point of view of architecture, representation is the basis for the transmission of knowledge, ideas, feelings, etc. The method of the paper is to put in antithesis two concepts which define the present world of representation： real （associated to transcendent revelation） and virtual （understood as result of human imagination）. An itinerary through the philosophy of Plato and Plotin, ancient Greek, Byzantine, Gothic architecture, etc., is proposed, until encountering the moment of the death of revelation and the birth of the arbitrary, which is connected to the supremacy of the image. This journey through aesthetic conceptions brought major changes in art and society during the centuries. Recuperation of the involvement of all human senses into perception of space and understanding of the built environment of life as revelation, and not as a simple interface of images, may lead now to a revolution of urban spirit, based on a relationship with the city inspired from the values promoted by Socrates and later developed into Christianity, that proved their permanence across the millenniums.
文摘My paper analyzes the issue of the alternation between two complementary concepts which can be analyzed in the novel The Heart Song of Charging Elk： imprisonment and freedom. In order to achieve this goal, I have used several critical theories of authors such as： Michel Foucault, Carl Jung, and Pierre Bourdieu. The analysis is concerned with exploring the alternation between the themes of freedom and imprisonment and the way in which these issues influence the evolution of the main character. I argue that the two themes are in a relation of interdependency and they can be interpreted as opposites from a rational point of view. The rational point of view, although valuable, is, however, incomplete without the exploration of the emotional and subjective factor. This factor can account for the ＂unreasonable＂ events from a broader perspective： that of the imagination. As Michel Foucault argues, power exists only in action. Power is also a rather elusive concept. In the same way, the perception of reality can be represented more accurately from a subjective point of view. More exactly, reality is constructed with every thought, emotion, and action of the individual. To sum up, I argue that, from a sociological point of view, the main character is striving to assimilate his personality in a new and hostile cultural environment. On the other hand, from a psychological point of view, he is confronting his inner shadow, as Carl Jung defines the hidden part of the personality. This has a result of the emergence of a genuine sense of self. As the critic Pierre Bourdieu argues, there are a set of common characteristics of taste which define the social belonging of an individual. In the analyzed novel the character manages to adapt to the new situation and to overcome the obstacles that he finds on his way.
