Bodily gestures,facial expressions,and intonations are argued to be notably important features of spoken languagewhich are opposed to written language.Bodily gestures with or without spoken words can influence the cla...Bodily gestures,facial expressions,and intonations are argued to be notably important features of spoken languagewhich are opposed to written language.Bodily gestures with or without spoken words can influence the clarity and density of expres-sion and involvement of listeners.Facial expressions whether or not correspond with exact thought could be"decoded"to influencethe extent of intelligibility of expression.Intonation can always reflect the mutual beliefs concerning the propositional content andstates of consciousness relating to the expression and interpretation.Therefore,these can considerably improve or abate the accura-cy of expression and interpretation of thought.展开更多
Intonation refers to the use of supra-segmental features to convey pragmatic meanings at the sentence level in a linguistically structured way.The difference in intonation between the native language and a foreign lan...Intonation refers to the use of supra-segmental features to convey pragmatic meanings at the sentence level in a linguistically structured way.The difference in intonation between the native language and a foreign language may influence second language learners’acquisition of intonation.The purpose of this study is to explore the similarities and differences at the level of phonological representation between English and Chinese intonation systems.This study investigated English and Chinese intonation systems,respectively,from both form and meaning under the Auto-Segmental Metrical framework by referring to previous studies and illustrating examples.The results showed that in terms of form,there were notable differences in the structural elements and their inventories between the intonation systems of English and Chinese.In terms of meaning,assertions were represented by different structural elements in English and Chinese intonation systems;the types of structural elements in English intonation possessed the capability to convey complex and subtle meanings,contrasting with the comparatively simpler nature of Chinese intonation.The results reveal that Chinese EFL learners demonstrate considerable difficulties in the production of the structural elements of English intonation and their combinations due to L1 intonation interference.展开更多
Through the discussion and comparative research on theories, types and uses of English intonation, it is found that intonation is an indispensable part of oral communications. Proper use of intonation lies in knowing ...Through the discussion and comparative research on theories, types and uses of English intonation, it is found that intonation is an indispensable part of oral communications. Proper use of intonation lies in knowing their functions and in the ability to correctly utter the patterns. Therefore, intonation theoretical knowledge is crucial and helpful to the English phonology teaching; and teachers need to properly incorporate intonation knowledge into teaching practice.展开更多
Aiming at difficulties for Chinese students to learn English,based on phonology theory,this article compares the Chinese tone with English intonation from various aspects,the finding is that the two language families ...Aiming at difficulties for Chinese students to learn English,based on phonology theory,this article compares the Chinese tone with English intonation from various aspects,the finding is that the two language families have a great difference in intonation;intonation is put to use without high proficiency for students due to the influence of Chinese tone and its simplified pedagogy.展开更多
This piece of work analyses some learning difficulties in phonology and presents some teaching strategies on teaching phonology at supra-segmental level.
Speaking is a productive skill and it is acknowledged to be hard for learners to master.Certain elements related to phonetics in discourse analysis,which play a significant role in EFL teaching of speaking,seem to be ...Speaking is a productive skill and it is acknowledged to be hard for learners to master.Certain elements related to phonetics in discourse analysis,which play a significant role in EFL teaching of speaking,seem to be neglected.This paper analyses three of these elements:pause,intonation and tonic syllable,and their application in the teaching of speaking.展开更多
Starting from the traditional analysis of English intonation, the article discusses the Halliday＇s, Jackendoff＇s, and Brazil＇s views upon intonation. Then it explores the multiple meanings and its metonymic pattern...Starting from the traditional analysis of English intonation, the article discusses the Halliday＇s, Jackendoff＇s, and Brazil＇s views upon intonation. Then it explores the multiple meanings and its metonymic patterns of English high key in terms of the prototype theory.展开更多
This study is going to explore two questions: a) Do Chinese learners have awareness of what kind of pronunciation errors they make; b) What factors will affect Chinese learners' willingness to correct the pronunci...This study is going to explore two questions: a) Do Chinese learners have awareness of what kind of pronunciation errors they make; b) What factors will affect Chinese learners' willingness to correct the pronunciation errors they make. The instrument will consist of 4 questionnaires or 4 parts developed by four researchers(Luk and Sardegna, Lee, Kusey). The whole study will include 6 parts: background information about pronunciation; two research questions; the methodology; the results;the discussion and a conclusion.展开更多
In English,intonation is the main research object of supra-segmental phonology,it refers to the changes of tone and pitch.English intonation is non-tone language which means the word meaning will not changed with the ...In English,intonation is the main research object of supra-segmental phonology,it refers to the changes of tone and pitch.English intonation is non-tone language which means the word meaning will not changed with the changing of the independent word's tone,while Chinese is Tone language,in which tone often determinates the meaning of word,different tones are representative of different meanings.Chinese language function exerts differently in tone and intonation,and it is a bit complicated compared with English.展开更多
Corrective feedback is crucial for pronunciation teaching.However,in current pronunciation teaching practice,the corrective feedback provided usually fails to locate pronunciation problems and inform learners of the d...Corrective feedback is crucial for pronunciation teaching.However,in current pronunciation teaching practice,the corrective feedback provided usually fails to locate pronunciation problems and inform learners of the differences between their mispronunciations and the correct form.Based on the motor theory,this study attempted to explore a new way of corrective feedback for pronunciation teaching.Specifically,the learners’ speech output was modified and then was played back to them as an input model for learning.In this way,the learners can imitate the pronunciation model of their own voices,achieving self-imitation.This study included two experiments.The first explored the viability of obtaining one’s self-perceived voice through delayed feedback paradigm.The second experiment examined the effectiveness of self-imitation for English intonation learning.Results showed that imitating the pronunciation model of one’s own voice can reduce the learners’ phonological memory load,assist critical listening and facilitate accurate phonetic realizations of the target intonation.展开更多
It is often said that music has reached its supreme and highest level in the 18th and 19th centuries. One of the main reasons for this achievement seems to be the robust structure of compositions of music, somewhat re...It is often said that music has reached its supreme and highest level in the 18th and 19th centuries. One of the main reasons for this achievement seems to be the robust structure of compositions of music, somewhat remindful of robust structure of mathematics. One is reminded of the words of Goethe: Geometry is frozen music. Here, we may extend geometry to mathematics. For the Middle Age in Europe, there were seven main subjects in the universities or in higher education. They were grammar, logic and rhetoric—these three (tri) were regarded as more standard and called trivia (trivium), the origin of the word trivial. And the remaining four were arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music—these four (quadrus) were regarded as more advanced subjects and were called quadrivia (quadrivium). Thus for Goethe, geometry and mathematics seem to be equivocal. G. Leibniz expresses more in detail in his letter to C. Goldbach in 1712 (April 17): Musica est exercitium arithmeticae occultum nescientis se numerari animi (Music is a hidden arithmetic exercise of the soul, which doesn’t know that it is counting). Or in other respects, J. Sylvester expresses more in detail: Music is mathematics of senses. Mathematics is music of reasons. Thus, the title arises. This paper is a sequel to [1] and examines mathematical structure of musical scales entailing their harmony on expanding and elaborating material in [2] [3] [4] [5], etc. In statistics, the strong law of large numbers is well-known which claims that This means that the relative frequency of occurrences of an event A tends to the true probability p of the occurrences of A with probability 1. In music, harmony is achieved according to Pythagoras’ law of small numbers, which claims that only the small integer multiples of the fundamental notes can create harmony and consonance. We shall also mention the law of cyclotomic numbers according to Coxeter, which elaborates Pythagoras’ law and suggests a connection with construction of n-gons by ruler and compass. In the case of natural scales (just intonation), musical notes appear in the form 2p3q5r (multiples of the basic note), where p∈Z,?q=-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 and r=-1, 0, 1. We shall give mathematical details of the structure of various scales.展开更多
It has been commonly recognized by the academic community that Chinese English learners can be regarded as the trilingual learners in dialects,Mandarin,and then English.Thus the first two acquired languages seem to be...It has been commonly recognized by the academic community that Chinese English learners can be regarded as the trilingual learners in dialects,Mandarin,and then English.Thus the first two acquired languages seem to be unavoidable to result in some effects on the study of English,especially the prosody of English.At the same time,the fact that the English prosodic research has been a significant project in the linguistic study with the globalization and localization of English,draws the public’s attention to the further study of the prosody of English for which is of vital importance in English learning.Focusing on the intonation,stress,tone,pause,and so on,prosody is the fundamental element of speech and the core of English phonetics.Taking Shandong dialect as an example,the study investigates the influence of the dialects on the learning of English prosody from two aspects—intonation and stress,by the acoustic analysis and comparison of the English prosody of linguistic data from Shandong EFL learners and English native speakers based on IViE(Intonational Variation in English)and ToBI(Tone and Breaks Indices)systems using Praat software.In addition,the reasons why these effects and problems take place are discussed profoundly.Therefore the corresponding measures should be taken in order to help students eliminate the negative impacts of their dialects and deliver standard English.The study may have great references on the improvement and elevation of teaching methods on the dialectal regions and some implications on second language acquisition.展开更多
In this paper we present a simple way to convert a conventional sonometer into a simulated fretted instrument, such as a guitar or similar, by adding a fingerboard to the sonometer. In particular, we use this modified...In this paper we present a simple way to convert a conventional sonometer into a simulated fretted instrument, such as a guitar or similar, by adding a fingerboard to the sonometer. In particular, we use this modified apparatus in relation to the problem of the instrument intonation, i.e., how to obtain correctly tuned notes on these string instruments. The experimental procedures presented in this study can become a more structured laboratory activity to be used in general physics courses or acoustics classes.展开更多
The author outlines the matrix and parameters of the forms of basic intonation of Chinese texts, and, based on the traditional Chinese graphic expression Jiugong(nine squares), systematically describes the tonal range...The author outlines the matrix and parameters of the forms of basic intonation of Chinese texts, and, based on the traditional Chinese graphic expression Jiugong(nine squares), systematically describes the tonal ranges and various forms of basic intonation. She concludes that if we express the pitch and length of the texts by means of two coordinate axes, and each coordinate axis is divided into three levels, a Jiugong matrix of intonation will be established, and different two-dimensional acoustic features can be found at various points on the Jiugong diagram. The Jiugong matrix of intonation as expoundedin this paper serves as the rules for the combination of intonations and covers all the basic tones of Chinese texts.展开更多
文摘Bodily gestures,facial expressions,and intonations are argued to be notably important features of spoken languagewhich are opposed to written language.Bodily gestures with or without spoken words can influence the clarity and density of expres-sion and involvement of listeners.Facial expressions whether or not correspond with exact thought could be"decoded"to influencethe extent of intelligibility of expression.Intonation can always reflect the mutual beliefs concerning the propositional content andstates of consciousness relating to the expression and interpretation.Therefore,these can considerably improve or abate the accura-cy of expression and interpretation of thought.
文摘Intonation refers to the use of supra-segmental features to convey pragmatic meanings at the sentence level in a linguistically structured way.The difference in intonation between the native language and a foreign language may influence second language learners’acquisition of intonation.The purpose of this study is to explore the similarities and differences at the level of phonological representation between English and Chinese intonation systems.This study investigated English and Chinese intonation systems,respectively,from both form and meaning under the Auto-Segmental Metrical framework by referring to previous studies and illustrating examples.The results showed that in terms of form,there were notable differences in the structural elements and their inventories between the intonation systems of English and Chinese.In terms of meaning,assertions were represented by different structural elements in English and Chinese intonation systems;the types of structural elements in English intonation possessed the capability to convey complex and subtle meanings,contrasting with the comparatively simpler nature of Chinese intonation.The results reveal that Chinese EFL learners demonstrate considerable difficulties in the production of the structural elements of English intonation and their combinations due to L1 intonation interference.
文摘Through the discussion and comparative research on theories, types and uses of English intonation, it is found that intonation is an indispensable part of oral communications. Proper use of intonation lies in knowing their functions and in the ability to correctly utter the patterns. Therefore, intonation theoretical knowledge is crucial and helpful to the English phonology teaching; and teachers need to properly incorporate intonation knowledge into teaching practice.
文摘Aiming at difficulties for Chinese students to learn English,based on phonology theory,this article compares the Chinese tone with English intonation from various aspects,the finding is that the two language families have a great difference in intonation;intonation is put to use without high proficiency for students due to the influence of Chinese tone and its simplified pedagogy.
文摘This piece of work analyses some learning difficulties in phonology and presents some teaching strategies on teaching phonology at supra-segmental level.
文摘Speaking is a productive skill and it is acknowledged to be hard for learners to master.Certain elements related to phonetics in discourse analysis,which play a significant role in EFL teaching of speaking,seem to be neglected.This paper analyses three of these elements:pause,intonation and tonic syllable,and their application in the teaching of speaking.
文摘Starting from the traditional analysis of English intonation, the article discusses the Halliday＇s, Jackendoff＇s, and Brazil＇s views upon intonation. Then it explores the multiple meanings and its metonymic patterns of English high key in terms of the prototype theory.
文摘This study is going to explore two questions: a) Do Chinese learners have awareness of what kind of pronunciation errors they make; b) What factors will affect Chinese learners' willingness to correct the pronunciation errors they make. The instrument will consist of 4 questionnaires or 4 parts developed by four researchers(Luk and Sardegna, Lee, Kusey). The whole study will include 6 parts: background information about pronunciation; two research questions; the methodology; the results;the discussion and a conclusion.
文摘In English,intonation is the main research object of supra-segmental phonology,it refers to the changes of tone and pitch.English intonation is non-tone language which means the word meaning will not changed with the changing of the independent word's tone,while Chinese is Tone language,in which tone often determinates the meaning of word,different tones are representative of different meanings.Chinese language function exerts differently in tone and intonation,and it is a bit complicated compared with English.
文摘Corrective feedback is crucial for pronunciation teaching.However,in current pronunciation teaching practice,the corrective feedback provided usually fails to locate pronunciation problems and inform learners of the differences between their mispronunciations and the correct form.Based on the motor theory,this study attempted to explore a new way of corrective feedback for pronunciation teaching.Specifically,the learners’ speech output was modified and then was played back to them as an input model for learning.In this way,the learners can imitate the pronunciation model of their own voices,achieving self-imitation.This study included two experiments.The first explored the viability of obtaining one’s self-perceived voice through delayed feedback paradigm.The second experiment examined the effectiveness of self-imitation for English intonation learning.Results showed that imitating the pronunciation model of one’s own voice can reduce the learners’ phonological memory load,assist critical listening and facilitate accurate phonetic realizations of the target intonation.
文摘It is often said that music has reached its supreme and highest level in the 18th and 19th centuries. One of the main reasons for this achievement seems to be the robust structure of compositions of music, somewhat remindful of robust structure of mathematics. One is reminded of the words of Goethe: Geometry is frozen music. Here, we may extend geometry to mathematics. For the Middle Age in Europe, there were seven main subjects in the universities or in higher education. They were grammar, logic and rhetoric—these three (tri) were regarded as more standard and called trivia (trivium), the origin of the word trivial. And the remaining four were arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music—these four (quadrus) were regarded as more advanced subjects and were called quadrivia (quadrivium). Thus for Goethe, geometry and mathematics seem to be equivocal. G. Leibniz expresses more in detail in his letter to C. Goldbach in 1712 (April 17): Musica est exercitium arithmeticae occultum nescientis se numerari animi (Music is a hidden arithmetic exercise of the soul, which doesn’t know that it is counting). Or in other respects, J. Sylvester expresses more in detail: Music is mathematics of senses. Mathematics is music of reasons. Thus, the title arises. This paper is a sequel to [1] and examines mathematical structure of musical scales entailing their harmony on expanding and elaborating material in [2] [3] [4] [5], etc. In statistics, the strong law of large numbers is well-known which claims that This means that the relative frequency of occurrences of an event A tends to the true probability p of the occurrences of A with probability 1. In music, harmony is achieved according to Pythagoras’ law of small numbers, which claims that only the small integer multiples of the fundamental notes can create harmony and consonance. We shall also mention the law of cyclotomic numbers according to Coxeter, which elaborates Pythagoras’ law and suggests a connection with construction of n-gons by ruler and compass. In the case of natural scales (just intonation), musical notes appear in the form 2p3q5r (multiples of the basic note), where p∈Z,?q=-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 and r=-1, 0, 1. We shall give mathematical details of the structure of various scales.
基金major program of National Social Science Foundation of China(15ZDB103)Project of Shandong Social Science(No.17CYYJ12).
文摘It has been commonly recognized by the academic community that Chinese English learners can be regarded as the trilingual learners in dialects,Mandarin,and then English.Thus the first two acquired languages seem to be unavoidable to result in some effects on the study of English,especially the prosody of English.At the same time,the fact that the English prosodic research has been a significant project in the linguistic study with the globalization and localization of English,draws the public’s attention to the further study of the prosody of English for which is of vital importance in English learning.Focusing on the intonation,stress,tone,pause,and so on,prosody is the fundamental element of speech and the core of English phonetics.Taking Shandong dialect as an example,the study investigates the influence of the dialects on the learning of English prosody from two aspects—intonation and stress,by the acoustic analysis and comparison of the English prosody of linguistic data from Shandong EFL learners and English native speakers based on IViE(Intonational Variation in English)and ToBI(Tone and Breaks Indices)systems using Praat software.In addition,the reasons why these effects and problems take place are discussed profoundly.Therefore the corresponding measures should be taken in order to help students eliminate the negative impacts of their dialects and deliver standard English.The study may have great references on the improvement and elevation of teaching methods on the dialectal regions and some implications on second language acquisition.
文摘In this paper we present a simple way to convert a conventional sonometer into a simulated fretted instrument, such as a guitar or similar, by adding a fingerboard to the sonometer. In particular, we use this modified apparatus in relation to the problem of the instrument intonation, i.e., how to obtain correctly tuned notes on these string instruments. The experimental procedures presented in this study can become a more structured laboratory activity to be used in general physics courses or acoustics classes.
文摘The author outlines the matrix and parameters of the forms of basic intonation of Chinese texts, and, based on the traditional Chinese graphic expression Jiugong(nine squares), systematically describes the tonal ranges and various forms of basic intonation. She concludes that if we express the pitch and length of the texts by means of two coordinate axes, and each coordinate axis is divided into three levels, a Jiugong matrix of intonation will be established, and different two-dimensional acoustic features can be found at various points on the Jiugong diagram. The Jiugong matrix of intonation as expoundedin this paper serves as the rules for the combination of intonations and covers all the basic tones of Chinese texts.
