Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that extends beyond joint inflammation,affecting pulmonary and metabolic pathways.Interstitial lung disease(ILD)is one of its most serious extra-articul...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that extends beyond joint inflammation,affecting pulmonary and metabolic pathways.Interstitial lung disease(ILD)is one of its most serious extra-articular complications,while type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)frequently coexists with RA and may exacerbate inflammatory and fibrotic processes.This editorial discusses the study by Sutton et al,the largest population-based analysis to date exploring the link between T2DM and ILD in patients with RA,and reflects on its mechanistic and clinical implications.In a nationwide cohort of more than 120000 hospitalized RA patients,Sutton et al demonstrated that the coexistence of T2DM nearly doubles the odds of developing ILD(odds ratio=2.02;95%confidence interval:1.84-2.22),with additional increases in pulmonary hypertension,pneumothorax,and length of stay.These findings reinforce the concept of a metabolic-pulmonary-autoimmune axis,in which chronic inflammation promotes insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction,while hyperglycaemia and advanced glycation end-products amplify oxidative stress and fibrogenesis.This reciprocal interaction may induce a self-perpetuating cycle of“metaflammation”,fibrosis,and organ damage.Conclusion:Recognizing diabetes as a silent amplifier of RA-associated ILD redefines the interface between rheumatology,pulmonology,and endocrinology.Early detection and integrated management of metabolic and pulmonary comorbidities should be prioritized,while future studies must determine whether optimizing glycemic control can attenuate pulmonary fibrosis and improve longterm outcomes.展开更多
The bone marrow microenvironment is critical for the maintenance and functionality of stem/progenitor cells,which are essential for bone development and regeneration.However,the composition and potential use of bone m...The bone marrow microenvironment is critical for the maintenance and functionality of stem/progenitor cells,which are essential for bone development and regeneration.However,the composition and potential use of bone marrow interstitial fluid have not been well explored.In this study,we report the role of neonatal bovine bone marrow interstitial fluid(NBIF)in enhancing the bone regeneration capacity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hBMSCs).Unlike adult bovine bone marrow interstitial fluid(ABIF),NBIF-fed hBMSCs exhibit enhanced self-renewal and osteogenic potential and bone marrow homing ability,along with transcriptome changes as compared to hBMSCs cultured in standard fetal bovine serum(FBS)supplemented medium.Mass spectrometry analysis reveals that multiple secreted factors associated with tissue repair and bone development are enriched in NBIF compared to FBS and ABIF.The combined use of NBIF-enriched Nerve Growth Factor(NGF),Lactoferrin(LTF),and High Mobility Group Protein B1(HMGB1),together with Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1(IGF1)for culturing hBMSCs in the presence of FBS can enhance osteogenic potential and bone marrow homing ability,mimicking NBIF's effects.These findings highlight the role of interstitial fluid in the bone marrow microenvironment and its potential to optimize stem cell-based therapies.展开更多
Bacterial infection is a major threat to global public health,and can cause serious diseases such as bacterial skin infection and foodborne diseases.It is essential to develop a new method to rapidly diagnose clinical...Bacterial infection is a major threat to global public health,and can cause serious diseases such as bacterial skin infection and foodborne diseases.It is essential to develop a new method to rapidly diagnose clinical multiple bacterial infections and monitor food microbial contamination in production sites in real-time.In this work,we developed a 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid gold nanoparticles(4-MPBA-AuNPs)-functionalized hydrogel microneedle(MPBA-H-MN)for bacteria detection in skin interstitial fluid.MPBA-H-MN could conveniently capture and enrich a variety of bacteria within 5 min.Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)detection was then performed and combined with machine learning technology to distinguish and identify a variety of bacteria.Overall,the capture efficiency of this method exceeded 50%.In the concentration range of 1×10_(7) to 1×10^(10) colony-forming units/mL(CFU/mL),the corresponding SERS intensity showed a certain linear relationship with the bacterial concentration.Using random forest(RF)-based machine learning,bacteria were effectively distinguished with an accuracy of 97.87%.In addition,the harmless disposal of used MNs by photothermal ablation was convenient,environmentally friendly,and inexpensive.This technique provided a potential method for rapid and real-time diagnosis of multiple clinical bacterial infections and for monitoring microbial contamination of food in production sites.展开更多
1.Introduction.Ni-Mn-X(X=Ga,In,Sn,or Sb)Heusler alloys have versatile properties[1-4],such as shape memory effect[1],superelastic-ity[5],magnetocaloric effect[3],elastocaloric effect[6],and even multicaloric effect[7]...1.Introduction.Ni-Mn-X(X=Ga,In,Sn,or Sb)Heusler alloys have versatile properties[1-4],such as shape memory effect[1],superelastic-ity[5],magnetocaloric effect[3],elastocaloric effect[6],and even multicaloric effect[7],that indicate their potential for use in actu-ators,sensors,micropumps,energy harvesters,and solid-state re-frigeration[8-10].Among the alloys,Ni-Mn-Sn-based alloys are environment-friendly and cost-effective[6,7,11],and hence,they have received widespread attention.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of the neutrophil⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and the systemic immune⁃inflammation index(SII)in predicting patients with anti⁃melanoma differentiation⁃associated gene 5⁃positive(...Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of the neutrophil⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and the systemic immune⁃inflammation index(SII)in predicting patients with anti⁃melanoma differentiation⁃associated gene 5⁃positive(anti⁃MDA5+)dermatomyositis(DM)develop into the rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease(RPILD).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of 124 anti⁃MDA5+DM patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between March 2019 and September 2023.We identified independent risk factors associated with the development and mortality of RPILD with the Cox regression analysis,and determined the optimal cut⁃off values for predicting adverse outcomes with the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results:Among the 124 patients,36 patients(29.03%)developed RPILD,and 39 patients(31.45%)died during the follow⁃up period.The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the elevated NLR was an independent risk factor for RPILD development,while the elevated SII expression was independently associated with the increased mortality of RPILD.Based on the ROC curve analysis,NLR>6.12 was a predictor for RPILD,and SII>875.79 was associated with increased mortality risk of RPILD.Conclusion:Both NLR and SII are accessible,cost⁃effective,and reliable prognostic indicators for the prognosis of patients with anti⁃MDA5^(+)DM,providing a valuable guidance for clinical management and risk stratification of the disease.展开更多
Objective:To assess whether there is a correlation between CT scan severity score and pulmonary function in Interstitial Lung Disease,and provide a more reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Materials an...Objective:To assess whether there is a correlation between CT scan severity score and pulmonary function in Interstitial Lung Disease,and provide a more reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Materials and Methods:Sixty patients with clinical diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease(ILD)were collected,and chest CT and pulmonary function tests were performed at the same time.Here DLCO%and FEV1%were used as the pulmonary function indexes.The severity of the patients was assessed by CT scores as mild(range,1~10),moderate(range 11~20),and severe(range 21~30).Correlation analysis was carried out between CT score and pulmonary function index,and the lung function parameters of patients at three grades were compared between groups and pairwise among the means.Results:As per the CT severity classification,there were 13 mild cases,31 moderate cases,and 16 severe cases.CT score was negatively correlated with DLCO%and FEV1%.R value was-0.814 and-0.797,respectively;The comparison of the mean value of DLCO%and FEV1%among the three groups and the pairings of the mean value of DLCO%and FEV1%were statistically significant.Conclusion:There was good correlation between CT score of ILD and the pulmonary function index.The pulmonary function index of patients with different CT severity grading was statistically significant,which can provide a new basis for the clinical evaluation and diagnosis of the disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Most non-small cell lung cancer patients have epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)activating mutations,such as exon 19 deletion and exon 21 replacement mutations.Osimertinib is a third-generation EGFR-tyr...BACKGROUND Most non-small cell lung cancer patients have epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)activating mutations,such as exon 19 deletion and exon 21 replacement mutations.Osimertinib is a third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors ap-proved for the treatment of lung cancer patients carrying EGFR activating mu-tations.Osimertinib-induced interstitial lung disease(ILD)is a rare and poten-tially fatal pulmonary toxic manifestation of drug therapy.At present,there is no international consensus on the risks and treatment of the osimertinib-induced ILD.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 56-year-old woman who was diagnosed with lung adenocar-cinoma with lung hilum,mediastinal lymph nodes and brain metastases(T4N3-M1c stage IVB).The patient received targeted treatment with osimertinib after radiotherapy and chemotherapy.But she developed ILD after osimertinib treat-ment.Following active symptomatic treatment and hormone treatment,the lung injury alleviated.The patient was retreated with furmonertinib combined with prednisone and did not experience ILD again.So far,she has survived for 14 months without disease progression.CONCLUSION Retreatment with furmonertinib under prednisone could be considered as an effective therapeutic option after risk-benefit assessment for EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients.展开更多
The discovery of pressure-induced superconducting electrides has sparked a intense wave of interest in novel superconductors.However,opinions vary regarding the relationship between non-nuclear attractors(NNAs)and sup...The discovery of pressure-induced superconducting electrides has sparked a intense wave of interest in novel superconductors.However,opinions vary regarding the relationship between non-nuclear attractors(NNAs)and superconductivity,with two opposing views currently represented by the materials Li_(6)P and Li_(6)C.Here,we choose the ternary Li–C–P as a model system and reveal the underlying mechanism by which NNAs contribute to superconductivity.The loosely bound NNAs in the superlithide Li_(14)CP covalently bond with Li and form unique satellite interstitial electrons(SIEs)around Li near the Fermi level,dominating the superconductivity.First-principles calculations show that the SIEs progressively increase in number and couple strongly with phonons at high pressure.Moreover,the Fermi surface nesting associated with SIEs induces phonon softening,further enhancing the electron–phonon coupling and giving the superlithide Li_(14)CP a T_(c)of 10.6 K at 300 GPa.The leading role of SIEs in superconductivity is a general one and is also relevant to the recently predicted Li_(6)P and Li_(6)C.Our work presented here reshapes the understanding of NNA-dominated superconductivity and holds promise for guiding future discoveries and designs of novel high-temperature superconductors.展开更多
Interstitial alloying has emerged as a powerful strategy to tune microstructure and microproperties of high-entropy alloys(HEAs) due to the strong interaction of interstitials with constituent elements and crystal def...Interstitial alloying has emerged as a powerful strategy to tune microstructure and microproperties of high-entropy alloys(HEAs) due to the strong interaction of interstitials with constituent elements and crystal defects,which enables the development of advanced alloys with superior mechanical and functional properties. The paper reviews the latest progress in the atomic-scale understanding of the effects of various interstitials, including carbon, boron, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen, on the microstructure, stability, mechanical properties, and deformation behavior of HEAs. Emphases are placed on the in-depth insights on the interaction of interstitials with constituent elements and crystal defects, such as vacancies,stacking faults, and grain boundaries. Key parameters for rapid prediction of intrinsic properties of HEAs are also discussed. Finally, we highlight some unsolved issues and provide perspectives for future research directions.展开更多
In a recent publication in Nature,Zhou and colleagues identified cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP),a canonical phosphodiesterase 5(PDE5)substrate,as a key modulator of dendritic cell(DC)interstitial motility throug...In a recent publication in Nature,Zhou and colleagues identified cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP),a canonical phosphodiesterase 5(PDE5)substrate,as a key modulator of dendritic cell(DC)interstitial motility through Rho kinase(ROCK)-dependent modulation of myosin-II activity.展开更多
BACKGROUND This study investigates the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)on the risk of interstitial lung disease(ILD)and its subtypes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).RA is often complicated by ILD.T2D...BACKGROUND This study investigates the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)on the risk of interstitial lung disease(ILD)and its subtypes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).RA is often complicated by ILD.T2DM has systemic proinflam-matory effects,but its impact on RA-related ILD is unclear.This research aims to elucidate the interplay between these conditions to inform clinical management and patient care strategies.AIM To determine if RA patients with T2DM have a higher occurrence of ILD compar-ed to RA patients without T2DM.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the 2019-2020 National Inpa-tient Sample.Adult RA patients with and without T2DM were identified via International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision(ICD-10)codes.Propensity score matching(1:1)balanced 15+confounders.Logistic regression assessed the association of T2DM with ILD(overall and by subtype)and secondary outcomes(acute respiratory distress syndrome,pneumothorax,pleural effusion,pulmonary hypertension).Missing data were excluded.ILD subtypes were included based on ICD-10 codes and case count.RESULTS Among 199380 RA inpatients,ILD was more common in those with T2DM(2.25%)vs without(1.11%).After matching(n=121046),ILD remained higher in RA+T2DM[odds ratio(OR)=2.02,95%CI:1.84-2.22,P<0.001],with an absolute risk increase of about 1.14%.T2DM was associated with higher odds of ILD subtypes including usual interstitial pneumonia(OR=3.20)and non-specific interstitial pneumonia(OR=3.50).Other subtypes showed elevated ORs;eosinophilic pneumonia showed an inverse association(OR=0.23).PAH and pneumo-thorax were also more common in RA+T2DM(OR=1.40 and 1.85,respectively).Acute respiratory distress syn-drome and pleural effusion rates did not differ by T2DM status.Rare subtype findings should be interpreted cautiously.CONCLUSION T2DM increases ILD risk in RA and is linked to higher rates of pulmonary hypertension and pneumothorax,suggesting a role in exacerbating RA-related lung complications.展开更多
Objective To investigate the curative effect of the Qifangfeixian granule on interstitial lung disease(ILD).Methods This study combined animal experiments and clinical trials.Pathological changes in bleomycin(BLM)-ind...Objective To investigate the curative effect of the Qifangfeixian granule on interstitial lung disease(ILD).Methods This study combined animal experiments and clinical trials.Pathological changes in bleomycin(BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin(H&E),Masson,and Sirius Red staining.In the clinical study,40 ILD patients were enrolled,with 20 in the control group and 20 in the treatment group.The treatment group received Qifangfeixian granules in addition to standard therapy for 12 weeks.Pulmonary function parameters,including forced vital capacity(FVC,L),FVCpred%,diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide(DLCO,mmol/min/kPa),and DLCOpred%,were measured before and after treatment.Results Compared with those of the control group,the inflammatory infiltration and collagen fibres in the BLM group were significantly increased,and the inflammatory infiltration and collagen fibres in the BLM group were significantly reduced after Qifangfeixian granule treatment.Compared with those in the control group,the lung function parameters in the treatment group were significantly improved.Specifically,the FVC increased by+0.10±0.18 L in the treatment group,whereas the control group showed a decrease of–0.05±0.21 L(P=0.008).Additionally,FVC_(pred%)was improved significantly in the treatment group(+2.6%±5.3%)compared with the control group(–2.0%±6.7%,P=0.009).Conclusion Qifangfeixian granules can improve not only the pulmonary fibrosis of BLM-induced model mice but also the pulmonary function of patients with ILD in practice,and their clinical efficacy is accurate.展开更多
Interstitial lung diseases(ILD)encompass a diverse group of over 200 chronic pulmonary disorders characterized by varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis,which can lead to severe respiratory impairment.Lung trans...Interstitial lung diseases(ILD)encompass a diverse group of over 200 chronic pulmonary disorders characterized by varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis,which can lead to severe respiratory impairment.Lung transplantation offers a crucial therapeutic option for patients with advanced ILD,extending survival and improving quality of life.This review explores optimal management strategies in both the pre-and post-transplant phases to enhance patient outcomes.Comprehensive pre-transplant evaluation,including pulmonary function testing,imaging,and comorbidity assessment,is critical for determining transplant eligibility and timing.Post-transplant care must focus on preventing complications such as primary graft dysfunction and chronic lung allograft dysfunction,managed through tailored immunosuppression and proactive monitoring.Recent advancements in diagnostic techniques and therapeutic approaches,including emerging technologies like ex vivo lung perfusion and precision medicine,promise to further improve outcomes.The ultimate goal is to establish an evidencebased,multidisciplinary framework for optimizing ILD management and lung transplantation.展开更多
BACKGROUND The high mortality rate and recurrence/metastasis remain major challenges in the clinical management of gastric cancer(GC)patients.To optimize treatment stratification and management,there is an urgent need...BACKGROUND The high mortality rate and recurrence/metastasis remain major challenges in the clinical management of gastric cancer(GC)patients.To optimize treatment stratification and management,there is an urgent need for efficient and non-invasive biomarkers.A meta-analysis on the prognostic role of circulating tumor cells(CTCs)in GC revealed a strong association between CTCs and patient prognosis.Among CTC subtypes,Interstitial CTCs(I-CTCs)exhibited the strongest invasiveness.This study innovatively investigated the expression profile of I-CTCs in advanced GC patients to evaluate their clinical utility.AIM To evaluate the clinical utility of I-CTCs as a non-invasive prognostic biomarker in advanced GC.To investigate the correlation between I-CTC count thresholds and chemotherapy efficacy in advanced GC patients.To establish the potential of preoperative I-CTC profiling for optimizing treatment stratification and postoperative surveillance.METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed 59 patients with advanced GC treated at the General Surgery Clinical Medical Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital between October 2019 and October 2020.The expression levels of I-CTCs were measured,and patient survival was monitored.The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to determine the optimal cut-off value for I-CTCs expression levels.Based on this cut-off value,59 GC patients were grouped into positive and negative groups.The differences in clinicopathological characteristics between the two groups were analyzed.Patient survival was follow-up and recorded until October 2022.Plotting survival curves and performing univariate and multifactorial analyses of patient prognostic factors.The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model were used,respectively.RESULTS A total of 59 patients were included in this study,and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the best cut-off value for I-CTCs was 5,with an area under the curve of 0.8356(95%CI:0.7122-0.9590).The I-CTC count of≥5 defines the positive group,while counts<5 are classified as the negative group.Positive I-CTCs correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation and disease progression(P<0.05).16 of 59 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy.There were divided into progressive disease and disease control groups based on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Patients in the I-CTCs-negative group had longer overall survival and disease-free survival than those in the positive group(P<0.05).Multifactorial analysis revealed that I-CTCs positivity(HR=13.323,95%CI:1.675-105.962,P=0.014)was an independent risk factor for survival in patients with advanced GC.CONCLUSION In patients with advanced GC,an I-CTC count of≥5 is associated with both poor prognosis and reduced chemotherapy efficacy.I-CTCs may serve as a valuable preoperative biomarker for predicting the prognosis of advanced GC.展开更多
The development of highly active and easily coupled non-noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great significance for the H_(2) production by water ele...The development of highly active and easily coupled non-noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great significance for the H_(2) production by water electrolysis.Here,we have shown an anion-modulated HER and OER activity of 1D Co-Mo based interstitial compound heterojunctions for effective overall water splitting.The Co-Mo based complex nanowires from a one-pot route with high yields can be converted into MoC-Co heterojunction nanowires under N_(2) atmosphere,while a pyrolysis under NH_(3) can give CoMoN-CoN heterostructures.The work function revealed Mott-Schottky effect between interfaces of two heterostructures,which can introduce electron redistribution and thus promote the HER/OER process.The MoC-Co heterojunction nanowires delivers good HER activity at a low overpotential of 39mV to afford a current density of 10mA/cm^(2).Density functional theory calculations show that the heterogeneous interface formed between the Co and MoC optimizes the hydrogen adsorption free energy.Concurrently,CoMoN-CoN heterojunction nanowires exhibits good OER performance with a low overpotential of 260mV to reach 10mA/cm^(2),being superior to RuO_(2).The two catalysts can be coupled to assemble a two-electrode cell with a solarto-hydrogen efficiency of 12.3%at 1.54 V.This work provides an effective means to design easily coupled HER and OER catalysts for H_(2) production by water electrolysis.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of interstitial carbon doping on the microstructural and magnetocaloric properties of off-stoichiometric La_(1.2)Fe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)Cx(x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1)alloys.The alloys were prepa...This study investigated the effects of interstitial carbon doping on the microstructural and magnetocaloric properties of off-stoichiometric La_(1.2)Fe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)Cx(x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1)alloys.The alloys were prepared by melt-spinning following vacuum arc-melting.For the as-prepared and annealed samples,the carbon existed in the La_(2)Fe_(2)Si_(2)C and NaZn_(13)-type La(Fe,Si)_(13)(denoted by 1:13)phases,respectively.During the annealing process,the C atoms inhibited the diffusion reaction and depressed the generation of 1:13 phase,reducing mass fraction of the 1:13 phase in annealed La_(1.2)Fe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)Cx compounds.The introduction of carbon resulted in lattice expansion and increased the Curie temperature(T_(C))from 192 K to 273 K with x=0.5.The first-order magnetic transition was gradually transformed into the second-order magnetic transition with increasing carbon content,which induced the significant reduction of thermal and magnetic hysteresis,as well as the maximum magnetic entropy change and adiabatic temperature change vary from 18.92 J/(kg·K)to 4.60 J/(kg·K)and from 4.9 K to 2.2 K under an applied field change of 0-2 T.The results demonstrate that interstitial carbon doping is an effective strategy to improve the magnetocaloric performance of La(Fe,Si)_(13)alloys.展开更多
Recent work analysing magnesium hydrogenation using Reflecting Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy(REELS)and Density Function Theory(DFT)has indicated interfacial polarisation and interstitial hydrogen clustering influe...Recent work analysing magnesium hydrogenation using Reflecting Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy(REELS)and Density Function Theory(DFT)has indicated interfacial polarisation and interstitial hydrogen clustering influence the reaction rate.The site availability model has been modified to include interstitial hydrogen clustering within the site availability factor and interface polarisation using interface treatment.The new model,SAM-CV-S,has demonstrated improved modelling of magnesium hydrogenation across wide operating conditions,such as temperatures from 330 to 400℃and pressures up to 40 bar.This wide applicability makes it a robust model that can be used to simulate bed performance in solid-state hydrogen stores.Thus,the site availability factor successfully combines interstitial hydrogen clustering with thermal resistance effects,which are known to strongly influence metal hydride reactor designs at scale.The next phase of the model is to incorporate a predictive hydrogen capacity method into the model.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of high glucose staining on human renal tubular epithelial cells(HKC)and to investigate the role of Tisp40/Smad2 protein in diabetes-induced renal fibrosis.Methods:Human renal tubular e...Objective:To observe the effect of high glucose staining on human renal tubular epithelial cells(HKC)and to investigate the role of Tisp40/Smad2 protein in diabetes-induced renal fibrosis.Methods:Human renal tubular epithelial cells(HKC)were cultured in vitro and cells were incubated with a final concentration of 25,50,and 100 mM high glucose for 24 h.The cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 assay;cells were treated with a final concentration of 50 mM high glucose for 6,8,12,24,48,and 72 h,and the degree of cell damage by high glucose at different time points was detected.Cells were treated with final concentrations of 25,50,and 100 mM glucose for 24 h.Tisp40 protein expression was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and Tisp40 mRNA expression was detected by polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).To observe the effect of high glucose on Tisp40/Smads signaling proteins,the Tisp40 cells were divided into six groups:(1)the normal control group;(2)the 25 mM high glucose group;(3)50 mM high glucose group;(4)100 mM high glucose group;(5)Tisp40-positive control group;(6)Tisp40-stimulated group(100 mM high glucose+50 mM Tisp40),and the expression level of phosphorylated Smad2 protein(p-Smad2)was detected by immunoblotting(Western blot).Results:Compared with the control group,the survival rate of HKC cells decreased significantly with the increase of high glucose staining dose and time(P<0.05)in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner.ELISA results showed that the expression of Tisp40 protein was elevated to 44.3,63.7,and 82.6μg/ml after 24 h of high glucose action on HKC cells and the induction was in a dose-dependent manner.RT-PCR showed that the expression level of Tisp40 mRNA increased significantly with increasing glucose concentration,which was 2.75,5.42 and 9.67 times higher than that of the control group,respectively,and the induction was in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05).The Western blot showed that the expression level of p-Smad2 protein increased significantly after 24h of glucose action in the cells at concentrations of 25,50 and 100 mM glucose(P<0.05),and the amount of p-Smad2 protein reached the maximum under the co-stimulation of 100 mM high glucose+50 mM Tisp40 given to the cells(P<0.05).Conclusion:Abnormal expression of Tisp40 and p-Smad2 was involved in the process of high glucose-induced HKC cell injury and Tisp40-induced high expression of Smads proteins played an important role in high glucose-induced renal fibrosis.展开更多
Interstitial lung disease(ILD)is typically managed on an outpatient basis.Critical care physicians manage patients with ILD in the setting of an acute exacerbation(ILD flare)causing severe hypoxia.The principles of ma...Interstitial lung disease(ILD)is typically managed on an outpatient basis.Critical care physicians manage patients with ILD in the setting of an acute exacerbation(ILD flare)causing severe hypoxia.The principles of management of acute exacerbation of ILD are different from those used to manage patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome from sepsis,etc.Selected patients may be candidates for aggressive measures like extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and lung transplantation,while almost all patients will benefit from early palliative care.This review focused on the types of ILD,diagnosis,and management pathways for this challenging condition.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the inhibitory effects of combination chemotherapy of Carboplatin （CBP）, Teniposide （Vm-26）, Methasquin （MTX）, and Nimodipine （NIM） on glioma, and to explore the sensitivity of gliom...Objective： To investigate the inhibitory effects of combination chemotherapy of Carboplatin （CBP）, Teniposide （Vm-26）, Methasquin （MTX）, and Nimodipine （NIM） on glioma, and to explore the sensitivity of glioma cells to different treatment regimens so as to provide some clues for clinical usage of interstitial combination chemotherapy. Methods： MTT assay and 3H-TdR incorporation assay were performed to evaluate the inhibitory effects upon the proliferation of glioma cells, and to compare the sen- sitivity of glioma cells to administration of CBP, Vm-26, MTX, and NIM with that of the administration of CBP＋NIM, Vm-26＋NIM, MTX＋NIM, CBP＋Vm-26＋MTX, or CBP＋Vm-26＋MTX＋NIM, respectively. Results： The inhibition rate of CBP＋Vm-26＋MTX＋NIM combination administration against glioma cells was 96.64%, higher than that of CBP＋NIM （69.03%）, Vm-26＋NIM （71.53%）, MTX＋NIM （52.75%）, CBP＋Vm-26＋MTX （78.59%） （P〈0.01）, and the dosage of CBP, Vm-26, and MTX was declined to 1/10- 1/100 that of respective use of CBP, Vm-26, and MTX. Conclusion： The curative effect of combination administration of CBP, Vm-26, MTX, and NIM was much better than that of respective administration, suggesting a higher inhibition rate and a lower dosage use.展开更多
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that extends beyond joint inflammation,affecting pulmonary and metabolic pathways.Interstitial lung disease(ILD)is one of its most serious extra-articular complications,while type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)frequently coexists with RA and may exacerbate inflammatory and fibrotic processes.This editorial discusses the study by Sutton et al,the largest population-based analysis to date exploring the link between T2DM and ILD in patients with RA,and reflects on its mechanistic and clinical implications.In a nationwide cohort of more than 120000 hospitalized RA patients,Sutton et al demonstrated that the coexistence of T2DM nearly doubles the odds of developing ILD(odds ratio=2.02;95%confidence interval:1.84-2.22),with additional increases in pulmonary hypertension,pneumothorax,and length of stay.These findings reinforce the concept of a metabolic-pulmonary-autoimmune axis,in which chronic inflammation promotes insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction,while hyperglycaemia and advanced glycation end-products amplify oxidative stress and fibrogenesis.This reciprocal interaction may induce a self-perpetuating cycle of“metaflammation”,fibrosis,and organ damage.Conclusion:Recognizing diabetes as a silent amplifier of RA-associated ILD redefines the interface between rheumatology,pulmonology,and endocrinology.Early detection and integrated management of metabolic and pulmonary comorbidities should be prioritized,while future studies must determine whether optimizing glycemic control can attenuate pulmonary fibrosis and improve longterm outcomes.
基金financially supported by the Guangzhou National Laboratory(grant#GZNL2025C02022,A.M.#QNPG2317,J.Z.)partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31988101)。
文摘The bone marrow microenvironment is critical for the maintenance and functionality of stem/progenitor cells,which are essential for bone development and regeneration.However,the composition and potential use of bone marrow interstitial fluid have not been well explored.In this study,we report the role of neonatal bovine bone marrow interstitial fluid(NBIF)in enhancing the bone regeneration capacity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hBMSCs).Unlike adult bovine bone marrow interstitial fluid(ABIF),NBIF-fed hBMSCs exhibit enhanced self-renewal and osteogenic potential and bone marrow homing ability,along with transcriptome changes as compared to hBMSCs cultured in standard fetal bovine serum(FBS)supplemented medium.Mass spectrometry analysis reveals that multiple secreted factors associated with tissue repair and bone development are enriched in NBIF compared to FBS and ABIF.The combined use of NBIF-enriched Nerve Growth Factor(NGF),Lactoferrin(LTF),and High Mobility Group Protein B1(HMGB1),together with Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1(IGF1)for culturing hBMSCs in the presence of FBS can enhance osteogenic potential and bone marrow homing ability,mimicking NBIF's effects.These findings highlight the role of interstitial fluid in the bone marrow microenvironment and its potential to optimize stem cell-based therapies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82204340,82173954,and 82073815)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.:BK20221048)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent,China(Grant No.:2022ZB295)Key Laboratory Project of Quality Control of Chinese Herbal Medicines and Decoction Pieces,Gansu Institute for Drug Control,China(Grant No.:2024GSMPA-KL02).
文摘Bacterial infection is a major threat to global public health,and can cause serious diseases such as bacterial skin infection and foodborne diseases.It is essential to develop a new method to rapidly diagnose clinical multiple bacterial infections and monitor food microbial contamination in production sites in real-time.In this work,we developed a 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid gold nanoparticles(4-MPBA-AuNPs)-functionalized hydrogel microneedle(MPBA-H-MN)for bacteria detection in skin interstitial fluid.MPBA-H-MN could conveniently capture and enrich a variety of bacteria within 5 min.Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)detection was then performed and combined with machine learning technology to distinguish and identify a variety of bacteria.Overall,the capture efficiency of this method exceeded 50%.In the concentration range of 1×10_(7) to 1×10^(10) colony-forming units/mL(CFU/mL),the corresponding SERS intensity showed a certain linear relationship with the bacterial concentration.Using random forest(RF)-based machine learning,bacteria were effectively distinguished with an accuracy of 97.87%.In addition,the harmless disposal of used MNs by photothermal ablation was convenient,environmentally friendly,and inexpensive.This technique provided a potential method for rapid and real-time diagnosis of multiple clinical bacterial infections and for monitoring microbial contamination of food in production sites.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Pro-gram of China(No.2022YFB3805701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.52371182,51701052,52192592,52192593)+1 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2019QNRC001)the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program.
文摘1.Introduction.Ni-Mn-X(X=Ga,In,Sn,or Sb)Heusler alloys have versatile properties[1-4],such as shape memory effect[1],superelastic-ity[5],magnetocaloric effect[3],elastocaloric effect[6],and even multicaloric effect[7],that indicate their potential for use in actu-ators,sensors,micropumps,energy harvesters,and solid-state re-frigeration[8-10].Among the alloys,Ni-Mn-Sn-based alloys are environment-friendly and cost-effective[6,7,11],and hence,they have received widespread attention.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of the neutrophil⁃to⁃lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and the systemic immune⁃inflammation index(SII)in predicting patients with anti⁃melanoma differentiation⁃associated gene 5⁃positive(anti⁃MDA5+)dermatomyositis(DM)develop into the rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease(RPILD).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of 124 anti⁃MDA5+DM patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between March 2019 and September 2023.We identified independent risk factors associated with the development and mortality of RPILD with the Cox regression analysis,and determined the optimal cut⁃off values for predicting adverse outcomes with the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results:Among the 124 patients,36 patients(29.03%)developed RPILD,and 39 patients(31.45%)died during the follow⁃up period.The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the elevated NLR was an independent risk factor for RPILD development,while the elevated SII expression was independently associated with the increased mortality of RPILD.Based on the ROC curve analysis,NLR>6.12 was a predictor for RPILD,and SII>875.79 was associated with increased mortality risk of RPILD.Conclusion:Both NLR and SII are accessible,cost⁃effective,and reliable prognostic indicators for the prognosis of patients with anti⁃MDA5^(+)DM,providing a valuable guidance for clinical management and risk stratification of the disease.
基金providing by the Shenzhen City Nanshan District Science and Technology Plan Project(Medical and Health Category)(Grant No.2018073)。
文摘Objective:To assess whether there is a correlation between CT scan severity score and pulmonary function in Interstitial Lung Disease,and provide a more reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Materials and Methods:Sixty patients with clinical diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease(ILD)were collected,and chest CT and pulmonary function tests were performed at the same time.Here DLCO%and FEV1%were used as the pulmonary function indexes.The severity of the patients was assessed by CT scores as mild(range,1~10),moderate(range 11~20),and severe(range 21~30).Correlation analysis was carried out between CT score and pulmonary function index,and the lung function parameters of patients at three grades were compared between groups and pairwise among the means.Results:As per the CT severity classification,there were 13 mild cases,31 moderate cases,and 16 severe cases.CT score was negatively correlated with DLCO%and FEV1%.R value was-0.814 and-0.797,respectively;The comparison of the mean value of DLCO%and FEV1%among the three groups and the pairings of the mean value of DLCO%and FEV1%were statistically significant.Conclusion:There was good correlation between CT score of ILD and the pulmonary function index.The pulmonary function index of patients with different CT severity grading was statistically significant,which can provide a new basis for the clinical evaluation and diagnosis of the disease.
基金Supported by Guangxi Guilin Science and Technology Fund,No.20190218-7-6.
文摘BACKGROUND Most non-small cell lung cancer patients have epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)activating mutations,such as exon 19 deletion and exon 21 replacement mutations.Osimertinib is a third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors ap-proved for the treatment of lung cancer patients carrying EGFR activating mu-tations.Osimertinib-induced interstitial lung disease(ILD)is a rare and poten-tially fatal pulmonary toxic manifestation of drug therapy.At present,there is no international consensus on the risks and treatment of the osimertinib-induced ILD.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 56-year-old woman who was diagnosed with lung adenocar-cinoma with lung hilum,mediastinal lymph nodes and brain metastases(T4N3-M1c stage IVB).The patient received targeted treatment with osimertinib after radiotherapy and chemotherapy.But she developed ILD after osimertinib treat-ment.Following active symptomatic treatment and hormone treatment,the lung injury alleviated.The patient was retreated with furmonertinib combined with prednisone and did not experience ILD again.So far,she has survived for 14 months without disease progression.CONCLUSION Retreatment with furmonertinib under prednisone could be considered as an effective therapeutic option after risk-benefit assessment for EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1406200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12374004 and 12174141)the High Performance Computing Center of Jilin University,China。
文摘The discovery of pressure-induced superconducting electrides has sparked a intense wave of interest in novel superconductors.However,opinions vary regarding the relationship between non-nuclear attractors(NNAs)and superconductivity,with two opposing views currently represented by the materials Li_(6)P and Li_(6)C.Here,we choose the ternary Li–C–P as a model system and reveal the underlying mechanism by which NNAs contribute to superconductivity.The loosely bound NNAs in the superlithide Li_(14)CP covalently bond with Li and form unique satellite interstitial electrons(SIEs)around Li near the Fermi level,dominating the superconductivity.First-principles calculations show that the SIEs progressively increase in number and couple strongly with phonons at high pressure.Moreover,the Fermi surface nesting associated with SIEs induces phonon softening,further enhancing the electron–phonon coupling and giving the superlithide Li_(14)CP a T_(c)of 10.6 K at 300 GPa.The leading role of SIEs in superconductivity is a general one and is also relevant to the recently predicted Li_(6)P and Li_(6)C.Our work presented here reshapes the understanding of NNA-dominated superconductivity and holds promise for guiding future discoveries and designs of novel high-temperature superconductors.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52171162)Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(Nos.15202824,15227121,C5002-24Y,C1017D21GF,and C1020D21GF)+4 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20210324142203009)the Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing Fund(No.P0046108)PolyU Fund(Nos.P0044243 and P0043467)Guangdong Science and Technology Innovation Foundation(No.2023A1515240061)Open access funding provided by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
文摘Interstitial alloying has emerged as a powerful strategy to tune microstructure and microproperties of high-entropy alloys(HEAs) due to the strong interaction of interstitials with constituent elements and crystal defects,which enables the development of advanced alloys with superior mechanical and functional properties. The paper reviews the latest progress in the atomic-scale understanding of the effects of various interstitials, including carbon, boron, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen, on the microstructure, stability, mechanical properties, and deformation behavior of HEAs. Emphases are placed on the in-depth insights on the interaction of interstitials with constituent elements and crystal defects, such as vacancies,stacking faults, and grain boundaries. Key parameters for rapid prediction of intrinsic properties of HEAs are also discussed. Finally, we highlight some unsolved issues and provide perspectives for future research directions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:32000799)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(grant number:2025C02058).
文摘In a recent publication in Nature,Zhou and colleagues identified cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP),a canonical phosphodiesterase 5(PDE5)substrate,as a key modulator of dendritic cell(DC)interstitial motility through Rho kinase(ROCK)-dependent modulation of myosin-II activity.
文摘BACKGROUND This study investigates the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)on the risk of interstitial lung disease(ILD)and its subtypes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).RA is often complicated by ILD.T2DM has systemic proinflam-matory effects,but its impact on RA-related ILD is unclear.This research aims to elucidate the interplay between these conditions to inform clinical management and patient care strategies.AIM To determine if RA patients with T2DM have a higher occurrence of ILD compar-ed to RA patients without T2DM.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the 2019-2020 National Inpa-tient Sample.Adult RA patients with and without T2DM were identified via International Classification of Diseases,10th Revision(ICD-10)codes.Propensity score matching(1:1)balanced 15+confounders.Logistic regression assessed the association of T2DM with ILD(overall and by subtype)and secondary outcomes(acute respiratory distress syndrome,pneumothorax,pleural effusion,pulmonary hypertension).Missing data were excluded.ILD subtypes were included based on ICD-10 codes and case count.RESULTS Among 199380 RA inpatients,ILD was more common in those with T2DM(2.25%)vs without(1.11%).After matching(n=121046),ILD remained higher in RA+T2DM[odds ratio(OR)=2.02,95%CI:1.84-2.22,P<0.001],with an absolute risk increase of about 1.14%.T2DM was associated with higher odds of ILD subtypes including usual interstitial pneumonia(OR=3.20)and non-specific interstitial pneumonia(OR=3.50).Other subtypes showed elevated ORs;eosinophilic pneumonia showed an inverse association(OR=0.23).PAH and pneumo-thorax were also more common in RA+T2DM(OR=1.40 and 1.85,respectively).Acute respiratory distress syn-drome and pleural effusion rates did not differ by T2DM status.Rare subtype findings should be interpreted cautiously.CONCLUSION T2DM increases ILD risk in RA and is linked to higher rates of pulmonary hypertension and pneumothorax,suggesting a role in exacerbating RA-related lung complications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82170081)the Tongji Hospital Clinical Research Flagship Program(No.2024TJCR005)+1 种基金the Tongji Hospital Formulation Research and Development Transformation Fund(No.24-2ZJZ08002-05)the Tongji Hospital“Challenge-and-Response”Project:Mechanism Decoding and Application Research on the Disruption of Autoimmune Tolerance in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by Viruses(25-2KYC13066-32).
文摘Objective To investigate the curative effect of the Qifangfeixian granule on interstitial lung disease(ILD).Methods This study combined animal experiments and clinical trials.Pathological changes in bleomycin(BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin(H&E),Masson,and Sirius Red staining.In the clinical study,40 ILD patients were enrolled,with 20 in the control group and 20 in the treatment group.The treatment group received Qifangfeixian granules in addition to standard therapy for 12 weeks.Pulmonary function parameters,including forced vital capacity(FVC,L),FVCpred%,diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide(DLCO,mmol/min/kPa),and DLCOpred%,were measured before and after treatment.Results Compared with those of the control group,the inflammatory infiltration and collagen fibres in the BLM group were significantly increased,and the inflammatory infiltration and collagen fibres in the BLM group were significantly reduced after Qifangfeixian granule treatment.Compared with those in the control group,the lung function parameters in the treatment group were significantly improved.Specifically,the FVC increased by+0.10±0.18 L in the treatment group,whereas the control group showed a decrease of–0.05±0.21 L(P=0.008).Additionally,FVC_(pred%)was improved significantly in the treatment group(+2.6%±5.3%)compared with the control group(–2.0%±6.7%,P=0.009).Conclusion Qifangfeixian granules can improve not only the pulmonary fibrosis of BLM-induced model mice but also the pulmonary function of patients with ILD in practice,and their clinical efficacy is accurate.
文摘Interstitial lung diseases(ILD)encompass a diverse group of over 200 chronic pulmonary disorders characterized by varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis,which can lead to severe respiratory impairment.Lung transplantation offers a crucial therapeutic option for patients with advanced ILD,extending survival and improving quality of life.This review explores optimal management strategies in both the pre-and post-transplant phases to enhance patient outcomes.Comprehensive pre-transplant evaluation,including pulmonary function testing,imaging,and comorbidity assessment,is critical for determining transplant eligibility and timing.Post-transplant care must focus on preventing complications such as primary graft dysfunction and chronic lung allograft dysfunction,managed through tailored immunosuppression and proactive monitoring.Recent advancements in diagnostic techniques and therapeutic approaches,including emerging technologies like ex vivo lung perfusion and precision medicine,promise to further improve outcomes.The ultimate goal is to establish an evidencebased,multidisciplinary framework for optimizing ILD management and lung transplantation.
基金Supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2024M751334.
文摘BACKGROUND The high mortality rate and recurrence/metastasis remain major challenges in the clinical management of gastric cancer(GC)patients.To optimize treatment stratification and management,there is an urgent need for efficient and non-invasive biomarkers.A meta-analysis on the prognostic role of circulating tumor cells(CTCs)in GC revealed a strong association between CTCs and patient prognosis.Among CTC subtypes,Interstitial CTCs(I-CTCs)exhibited the strongest invasiveness.This study innovatively investigated the expression profile of I-CTCs in advanced GC patients to evaluate their clinical utility.AIM To evaluate the clinical utility of I-CTCs as a non-invasive prognostic biomarker in advanced GC.To investigate the correlation between I-CTC count thresholds and chemotherapy efficacy in advanced GC patients.To establish the potential of preoperative I-CTC profiling for optimizing treatment stratification and postoperative surveillance.METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed 59 patients with advanced GC treated at the General Surgery Clinical Medical Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital between October 2019 and October 2020.The expression levels of I-CTCs were measured,and patient survival was monitored.The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to determine the optimal cut-off value for I-CTCs expression levels.Based on this cut-off value,59 GC patients were grouped into positive and negative groups.The differences in clinicopathological characteristics between the two groups were analyzed.Patient survival was follow-up and recorded until October 2022.Plotting survival curves and performing univariate and multifactorial analyses of patient prognostic factors.The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model were used,respectively.RESULTS A total of 59 patients were included in this study,and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the best cut-off value for I-CTCs was 5,with an area under the curve of 0.8356(95%CI:0.7122-0.9590).The I-CTC count of≥5 defines the positive group,while counts<5 are classified as the negative group.Positive I-CTCs correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation and disease progression(P<0.05).16 of 59 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy.There were divided into progressive disease and disease control groups based on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Patients in the I-CTCs-negative group had longer overall survival and disease-free survival than those in the positive group(P<0.05).Multifactorial analysis revealed that I-CTCs positivity(HR=13.323,95%CI:1.675-105.962,P=0.014)was an independent risk factor for survival in patients with advanced GC.CONCLUSION In patients with advanced GC,an I-CTC count of≥5 is associated with both poor prognosis and reduced chemotherapy efficacy.I-CTCs may serve as a valuable preoperative biomarker for predicting the prognosis of advanced GC.
基金support of this research by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91961111)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.ZD2021B003)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2572022BU05).
文摘The development of highly active and easily coupled non-noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great significance for the H_(2) production by water electrolysis.Here,we have shown an anion-modulated HER and OER activity of 1D Co-Mo based interstitial compound heterojunctions for effective overall water splitting.The Co-Mo based complex nanowires from a one-pot route with high yields can be converted into MoC-Co heterojunction nanowires under N_(2) atmosphere,while a pyrolysis under NH_(3) can give CoMoN-CoN heterostructures.The work function revealed Mott-Schottky effect between interfaces of two heterostructures,which can introduce electron redistribution and thus promote the HER/OER process.The MoC-Co heterojunction nanowires delivers good HER activity at a low overpotential of 39mV to afford a current density of 10mA/cm^(2).Density functional theory calculations show that the heterogeneous interface formed between the Co and MoC optimizes the hydrogen adsorption free energy.Concurrently,CoMoN-CoN heterojunction nanowires exhibits good OER performance with a low overpotential of 260mV to reach 10mA/cm^(2),being superior to RuO_(2).The two catalysts can be coupled to assemble a two-electrode cell with a solarto-hydrogen efficiency of 12.3%at 1.54 V.This work provides an effective means to design easily coupled HER and OER catalysts for H_(2) production by water electrolysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52272263)the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province,China(Grant No.GXXT-2022-008)+2 种基金the University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province,China(Grant No.2024AH050145)the Youth Foundation of Anhui University of Technology(Grant No.QZ202303)the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(Grant No.202310360018).
文摘This study investigated the effects of interstitial carbon doping on the microstructural and magnetocaloric properties of off-stoichiometric La_(1.2)Fe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)Cx(x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1)alloys.The alloys were prepared by melt-spinning following vacuum arc-melting.For the as-prepared and annealed samples,the carbon existed in the La_(2)Fe_(2)Si_(2)C and NaZn_(13)-type La(Fe,Si)_(13)(denoted by 1:13)phases,respectively.During the annealing process,the C atoms inhibited the diffusion reaction and depressed the generation of 1:13 phase,reducing mass fraction of the 1:13 phase in annealed La_(1.2)Fe_(11.6)Si_(1.4)Cx compounds.The introduction of carbon resulted in lattice expansion and increased the Curie temperature(T_(C))from 192 K to 273 K with x=0.5.The first-order magnetic transition was gradually transformed into the second-order magnetic transition with increasing carbon content,which induced the significant reduction of thermal and magnetic hysteresis,as well as the maximum magnetic entropy change and adiabatic temperature change vary from 18.92 J/(kg·K)to 4.60 J/(kg·K)and from 4.9 K to 2.2 K under an applied field change of 0-2 T.The results demonstrate that interstitial carbon doping is an effective strategy to improve the magnetocaloric performance of La(Fe,Si)_(13)alloys.
基金funded through Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)[grant numbers EP/W005131/1,EP/V042556/1].
文摘Recent work analysing magnesium hydrogenation using Reflecting Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy(REELS)and Density Function Theory(DFT)has indicated interfacial polarisation and interstitial hydrogen clustering influence the reaction rate.The site availability model has been modified to include interstitial hydrogen clustering within the site availability factor and interface polarisation using interface treatment.The new model,SAM-CV-S,has demonstrated improved modelling of magnesium hydrogenation across wide operating conditions,such as temperatures from 330 to 400℃and pressures up to 40 bar.This wide applicability makes it a robust model that can be used to simulate bed performance in solid-state hydrogen stores.Thus,the site availability factor successfully combines interstitial hydrogen clustering with thermal resistance effects,which are known to strongly influence metal hydride reactor designs at scale.The next phase of the model is to incorporate a predictive hydrogen capacity method into the model.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province of China(Project No.:2024AAC03287)First-class Discipline Incubation Programme of School of Nursing,Ningxia Medical University in 2024(Project No.:NYHLZD202401)。
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of high glucose staining on human renal tubular epithelial cells(HKC)and to investigate the role of Tisp40/Smad2 protein in diabetes-induced renal fibrosis.Methods:Human renal tubular epithelial cells(HKC)were cultured in vitro and cells were incubated with a final concentration of 25,50,and 100 mM high glucose for 24 h.The cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 assay;cells were treated with a final concentration of 50 mM high glucose for 6,8,12,24,48,and 72 h,and the degree of cell damage by high glucose at different time points was detected.Cells were treated with final concentrations of 25,50,and 100 mM glucose for 24 h.Tisp40 protein expression was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and Tisp40 mRNA expression was detected by polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).To observe the effect of high glucose on Tisp40/Smads signaling proteins,the Tisp40 cells were divided into six groups:(1)the normal control group;(2)the 25 mM high glucose group;(3)50 mM high glucose group;(4)100 mM high glucose group;(5)Tisp40-positive control group;(6)Tisp40-stimulated group(100 mM high glucose+50 mM Tisp40),and the expression level of phosphorylated Smad2 protein(p-Smad2)was detected by immunoblotting(Western blot).Results:Compared with the control group,the survival rate of HKC cells decreased significantly with the increase of high glucose staining dose and time(P<0.05)in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner.ELISA results showed that the expression of Tisp40 protein was elevated to 44.3,63.7,and 82.6μg/ml after 24 h of high glucose action on HKC cells and the induction was in a dose-dependent manner.RT-PCR showed that the expression level of Tisp40 mRNA increased significantly with increasing glucose concentration,which was 2.75,5.42 and 9.67 times higher than that of the control group,respectively,and the induction was in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05).The Western blot showed that the expression level of p-Smad2 protein increased significantly after 24h of glucose action in the cells at concentrations of 25,50 and 100 mM glucose(P<0.05),and the amount of p-Smad2 protein reached the maximum under the co-stimulation of 100 mM high glucose+50 mM Tisp40 given to the cells(P<0.05).Conclusion:Abnormal expression of Tisp40 and p-Smad2 was involved in the process of high glucose-induced HKC cell injury and Tisp40-induced high expression of Smads proteins played an important role in high glucose-induced renal fibrosis.
文摘Interstitial lung disease(ILD)is typically managed on an outpatient basis.Critical care physicians manage patients with ILD in the setting of an acute exacerbation(ILD flare)causing severe hypoxia.The principles of management of acute exacerbation of ILD are different from those used to manage patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome from sepsis,etc.Selected patients may be candidates for aggressive measures like extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and lung transplantation,while almost all patients will benefit from early palliative care.This review focused on the types of ILD,diagnosis,and management pathways for this challenging condition.
文摘Objective： To investigate the inhibitory effects of combination chemotherapy of Carboplatin （CBP）, Teniposide （Vm-26）, Methasquin （MTX）, and Nimodipine （NIM） on glioma, and to explore the sensitivity of glioma cells to different treatment regimens so as to provide some clues for clinical usage of interstitial combination chemotherapy. Methods： MTT assay and 3H-TdR incorporation assay were performed to evaluate the inhibitory effects upon the proliferation of glioma cells, and to compare the sen- sitivity of glioma cells to administration of CBP, Vm-26, MTX, and NIM with that of the administration of CBP＋NIM, Vm-26＋NIM, MTX＋NIM, CBP＋Vm-26＋MTX, or CBP＋Vm-26＋MTX＋NIM, respectively. Results： The inhibition rate of CBP＋Vm-26＋MTX＋NIM combination administration against glioma cells was 96.64%, higher than that of CBP＋NIM （69.03%）, Vm-26＋NIM （71.53%）, MTX＋NIM （52.75%）, CBP＋Vm-26＋MTX （78.59%） （P〈0.01）, and the dosage of CBP, Vm-26, and MTX was declined to 1/10- 1/100 that of respective use of CBP, Vm-26, and MTX. Conclusion： The curative effect of combination administration of CBP, Vm-26, MTX, and NIM was much better than that of respective administration, suggesting a higher inhibition rate and a lower dosage use.
