One novel cobalt coordination polymer, {[Co（HTCB）（4,4＇btb）]＇HzO}n （1, H3TCB = 1,3,5-tris（4-carboxyphenyl）benzene, 4,4＇-btb = 4,4＇-bis（1,2,4-triazol-3-yl）biphenyl）, has been synthesized and characterized ...One novel cobalt coordination polymer, {[Co（HTCB）（4,4＇btb）]＇HzO}n （1, H3TCB = 1,3,5-tris（4-carboxyphenyl）benzene, 4,4＇-btb = 4,4＇-bis（1,2,4-triazol-3-yl）biphenyl）, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, powder X-ray diffraction （PXRD）, and thermogravimetric （TG） analyses. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 is a 2D 2-fold interpenetrated {44,62}-sql [Co（HTCB）（4,4＇-btb）] sheet based on the 1D [Co（HTCB）]n chains and 1D [Co（4,4＇-btb）]n chains. The crystal of 1 crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 9.529（12）, b = 13.914（16）, c = 14.906（17） A, V= 1903（4） A3, Z = 2, C45H34N6CoO71 Mr= 829.71, Dc = 1.448 g/cm3, F（000） = 858 andμ（MoKa） = 0.514 mm-1. The final R = 0.0655 and wR = 0.1136 for 6603 observed reflections with 1 〉 2a（/） and R = 0.1136 and wR = 0.1747 for all data.展开更多
A novel,porous and doubly interpenetrated MOF（FJU-29） was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR,TGA and X-ray single-crystal/powder diffraction.FJU-29 crystallizes in monoclinic,space group C2/c with a = 22.2890（7...A novel,porous and doubly interpenetrated MOF（FJU-29） was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR,TGA and X-ray single-crystal/powder diffraction.FJU-29 crystallizes in monoclinic,space group C2/c with a = 22.2890（7）,b = 10.9175（2）,c = 21.5601（7） ？,β = 112.908（4）o,V = 4832.7（3） ？~3,Z = 8,Mr = 450.26,D_c = 1.238 g/cm^3,F（000） = 1832,μ（CuKα） = 5.885 mm^（-1）,R = 0.0585 and wR = 0.1544 for 4789 observed reflections（I 〉 2s（I））,and R = 0.0726 and wR = 0.1627 for all data.FJU-29 possesses paddle-wheel {Co_2（COO）_4} clusters bridged by bi-pyrazolate naphthalene diimide ligands（H_2NDI） and H_2BDC to from a 3D framework with a pcu-topology.The desolvated FJU-29a shows the BET surface area of 560.44 m^2·g^（-1） accompanies with discriminating uptakes in CO_2 and N_2.The adsorption selectivity determined by ideal adsorbed solution theory（IAST） indicated that FJU-29 a has high CO_2/N_2（18/85） selectivity（75.5） at 296 K and 100 kPa.The relatively high selectivity further implies that FJU-29 a is a potential material for practical flue gas purification.展开更多
Interpenetrated polymer networks of chitosan (CHI), polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) were prepared by free radical polymerization. These hydrogels were either washed with double distilled water (CHI/PAA...Interpenetrated polymer networks of chitosan (CHI), polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) were prepared by free radical polymerization. These hydrogels were either washed with double distilled water (CHI/PAA/PAM) A or hydrolyzed with 1M sodium hydroxide (NaOH), (CHI/PAA/PAM) S. Both types of hydrogels were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, microstructural techniques and compressive mechanical testing. Finally, hydrogels were loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and release followed at different pHs. Infrared spectra analysis showed correspondence between hydrogels and monomer feed compositions. Hydrolyzed hydrogels, had increased water content and pH swelling dependence. Compression modulus of swelled hydrolyzed hydrogels decreased with increasing equilibrium water content. Higher BSA loadings were achieved on hydrolyzed hydrogels due to their high water content and porosity. Protein release from hydrogels was low (≤ 20% after 10 hours) at pH 1.2, but sustained release was observed at pH 6.8 and 7.4. The integrity of the protein released at 6.8 and 7.4 by hydrolyzed hydrogels was unaffected. The hydrogles showed no cytotoxic effects on human skin dermal fibroblasts as determined by MTT assay except for two compositions of (CHI/PAA/PAM) A samples, which after seven days presented a viability lower than 80% respect to the control.展开更多
The architectural design of electrodes offers new opportunities for next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices(EESDs)by increasing surface area,thickness,and active materials mass loading while maintaining...The architectural design of electrodes offers new opportunities for next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices(EESDs)by increasing surface area,thickness,and active materials mass loading while maintaining good ion diffusion through optimized electrode tortuosity.However,conventional thick electrodes increase ion diffusion length and cause larger ion concentration gradients,limiting reaction kinetics.We demonstrate a strategy for building interpenetrated structures that shortens ion diffusion length and reduces ion concentration inhomogeneity.This free-standing device structure also avoids short-circuiting without needing a separator.The feature size and number of interpenetrated units can be adjusted during printing to balance surface area and ion diffusion.Starting with a 3D-printed interpenetrated polymer substrate,we metallize it to make it conductive.This substrate has two individually addressable electrodes,allowing selective electrodeposition of energy storage materials.Using a Zn//MnO_(2)battery as a model system,the interpenetrated device outperforms conventional separate electrode configurations,improving volumetric energy density by 221%and exhibiting a higher capacity retention rate of 49%compared to 35%at temperatures from 20 to 0℃.Our study introduces a new EESD architecture applicable to Li-ion,Na-ion batteries,supercapacitors,etc.展开更多
A coordination polymer [Ni（pbc）2（H2O）]n（Hpbc = 3-pyrid-4-ylbenzoic acid） has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,IR and elemental analysis.The crystal is...A coordination polymer [Ni（pbc）2（H2O）]n（Hpbc = 3-pyrid-4-ylbenzoic acid） has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,IR and elemental analysis.The crystal is of monoclinic,space group C2/c with a=19.624（5）,b=12.029（5）,c=19.452（5）A,β=104.45（5）°,C24H18NiN2O5,Mr=473.11,V=4447（2）A^3,Dc=1.413 g/cm^3,F（000）=1952,μ = 0.91 cm^-1,Z = 8,the final R=0.0424 and wR=0.0871 for 3757 reflections with I〉2σ（I）.X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the pbc-ligands act as diconnectors to link two Ni（Ⅱ） centers and adopt two coordination modes of μ2-N,O and μ2-N,O,O to form infinite wavy nickel-carboxylate chains along the bc plane.The topological analysis of compound [Ni（pbc）2（H2O）]n reveals that it is a typical CdS framework.展开更多
A new three-dimensional（3D） coordination polymer, [Cd（L）2H2O]n·5nH2O 1 with 4-[（3-pyridyl）methylamino]benzoate acid（HL）, has been synthesized by slow evaporation solvent at room temperature, and structura...A new three-dimensional（3D） coordination polymer, [Cd（L）2H2O]n·5nH2O 1 with 4-[（3-pyridyl）methylamino]benzoate acid（HL）, has been synthesized by slow evaporation solvent at room temperature, and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, thermal analysis, fluorescence spectrum and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the tetragonal system, space group I-4, with a = 20.7937（16）, c = 13.515（2）, V = 5843.5（11） 3, C26H34CdN4O10, Mr = 674.97, Dc = 1.534 g/cm3, μ（MoKα） = 0.808 mm-1, F（000） = 2768, Z = 8, the final R = 0.0276 and wR = 0.0691 for 5323 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））. The result of thermal analysis shows that 1 is stable under 290 ℃. Moreover, it exhibits blue photoluminescence at room temperature.展开更多
A new Co（Ⅱ）-based coordination polymer, namely [Co（L）0.5（4,4?-bipy）0.5（H2 O）2]n（1,H4 L = 1,3-di（3?,5?-dicarboxylphenyl）benzene, 4,4?-bipy = 4,4?-bipyridine）, has been hydrothermally synthesized using the ...A new Co（Ⅱ）-based coordination polymer, namely [Co（L）0.5（4,4?-bipy）0.5（H2 O）2]n（1,H4 L = 1,3-di（3?,5?-dicarboxylphenyl）benzene, 4,4?-bipy = 4,4?-bipyridine）, has been hydrothermally synthesized using the mixed-ligands self-assembly strategy and further fully characterized. The crystal structure is of monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 18.9124（10）, b = 11.6150（5）, c =15.4380（6） ?, β = 110.989（5）°, V = 3166.2（2） ?3, C16 H13 CoNO6, Mr = 374.20, Z = 8, Dc = 1.570 g·cm–3, F（000） = 1496, μ = 1.116 mm–1, R = 0.0461 and wR = 0.1312 for 2328 observed reflections（I > 2s（I））. The crystal structure analysis revealed that 1 is a 4-fold interpenetrated three-dimensional（3D） framework with（3,4）-connected dmd-type topology. Moreover, the thermal stability and magnetic property of 1 were also investigated.展开更多
Two fascinating Zn（II）entangled coordination polymers,[Zn（eoba）(bbi)];·nH;O（1）and[Zn（boba）(bbi);];（2）,(bbi=1,1?-（1,4-butanediyl）-bis（imidazole）,H;eoba=4,4?-（ethane-1,2-diyldioxy）-dibenzoic acid,H;...Two fascinating Zn（II）entangled coordination polymers,[Zn（eoba）(bbi)];·nH;O（1）and[Zn（boba）(bbi);];（2）,(bbi=1,1?-（1,4-butanediyl）-bis（imidazole）,H;eoba=4,4?-（ethane-1,2-diyldioxy）-dibenzoic acid,H;boba=4,4?-（butane-1,4-diyldioxy）-dibenzoic acid),were obtained by hydrothermal technology and characterized by elemental analysis,infrared spectrum,thermogravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.1 is a rare 2D→3D example with a 3-fold parallel interpenetration and polycatenaned architecture.2 features a scarce2D→2D example with a 3-fold parallel interpenetrating network which possesses polyrotaxane and polycatenane characters.Moreover,the luminescent properties of 1 and 2 have been discussed.展开更多
The reaction of Cd（NO_3）_2·4H_2O with 4,4？-dipyridylacetylene（4,4？-DPA） and 2-nitroterephthalic acid（2-NO_2-H_2BDC） in DMF/H_2O mixed solvent has afforded a compound {[Cd（2-NO_2-BDC）（4,4？-DPA）]·...The reaction of Cd（NO_3）_2·4H_2O with 4,4？-dipyridylacetylene（4,4？-DPA） and 2-nitroterephthalic acid（2-NO_2-H_2BDC） in DMF/H_2O mixed solvent has afforded a compound {[Cd（2-NO_2-BDC）（4,4？-DPA）]·（DMF）}_n（1）. Compound 1 has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis, and IR spectrum. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n, with a = 12.1488（3）, b = 14.6689（3）, c = 13.1615（3） ？, β = 111.809（3）o, V = 2177.63（9） ？~3, Z = 4, C_（23）H_（18）N_4O_7 Cd, M_r = 574.81, D_c = 1.753 g/cm^3, μ = 8.523 mm^（-1）, F（000） = 1152, the final R = 0.0411 and wR = 0.1064 for 3589 observed reflections with I 〉 2s（I）. In compound 1, the Cd（Ⅱ） ions are linked by the carboxylate groups of 2-NO_2-BDC ligands to give a two-dimensional layered structure based on the centrosymmetric dinuclear Cd_2（COO）_2 units, which are further connected by the 4,4？-DPA ligands to produce a three-dimensional framework with pcu topology. Careful examination revealed that compound 1 is a 2-fold interpenetrating framework. Furthermore, the gas adsorption properties of 1 for N_2 and CO_2 have also been investigated.展开更多
A novel cadmium（Ⅱ） coordination polymer [Cd2（3-pa）4（4,4＇-bpy）（H2O）].3.08H2O 1 has been synthesized by pyridine-3-carboxylate （3-pall） and CdO with exo-bidentate rigid dipyridyl ligand 4,4＇-bipyridine （4,...A novel cadmium（Ⅱ） coordination polymer [Cd2（3-pa）4（4,4＇-bpy）（H2O）].3.08H2O 1 has been synthesized by pyridine-3-carboxylate （3-pall） and CdO with exo-bidentate rigid dipyridyl ligand 4,4＇-bipyridine （4,4＇-bpy） by using a hydrothermal method, its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and its luminescent property was also documented. Complex 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pbcn with a = 21.4074（14）, b = 27.1119（18）, c = 12.3879（8） A, V = 7189.9（8） A3, Z = 8, C34H32.16Cd2N6O12.08, Mr= 942.85, Dc = 1.742 g/cms, p = 1.255 mm-1 and F（000） = 3766. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.0353 and wR = 0.0891 for 6278 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. The most prominent structural feature is the mutual interpenetration of two identical 3-D open frameworks via filling the large void space, which gives a 2-fold interpenetrating architecture during the self-assembly process.展开更多
Two 3D 4-fold interpenetrated metal-organic frameworks, [Mn（L）（bpy）]n （1） and [Cu（HL）（bpy）]n （2）（H3L = 4,4＇,4＇＇-（benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tri（methyleneoxy）） tribenzoic acid, bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine）, we...Two 3D 4-fold interpenetrated metal-organic frameworks, [Mn（L）（bpy）]n （1） and [Cu（HL）（bpy）]n （2）（H3L = 4,4＇,4＇＇-（benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tri（methyleneoxy）） tribenzoic acid, bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine）, were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by element analyses, IR spectra, thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray powder diffraction and magnetic property studies. The single-crystal X-ray analyses revealed that 1 and 2 are homogeneous. 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group Cc with a = 26.794（2）, b = 11.6346（10）, c = 21.4614（18） ？, β = 91.570（2）°, V = 6687.9（10） A^3, Z = 8, Mr = 736.59, D = 1.463 g·cm^（-3）, μ = 0.458 mm^-1c, R（int） = 0.0524, F（000） = 3040, the final R = 0.0844 and wR = 0.2266 for 8092 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））. 2 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group Cc with a = 27.609（12）, b = 11.126（10）, c = 21.490（9） ？, β = 92.131（2）°, V = 6597（5） A^3, Z = 8, Mr = 746.21, Dc = 1503 g·cm^（-3）, μ = 0.726 mm^-1, R（int） = 0.0542, F（000） = 3080, the final R =0.0681 and wR = 0.1831 for 6777 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））. Two compounds are 3D [2＋2]-type 4-fold interpenetrated frameworks with（6^3）（6^9.8） hms topology. The magnetic study of compound 2 shows the presence of weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the Cu^Ⅱ ions in 2.展开更多
The title compound 1,4,7,10-tetrakis（2-（4-methoxyphenoxy）ethyl）-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane hydrobromide derivated from cyclen has been synthesized by 4-methoxyphenol via two steps and characterized by ^1H NMR ...The title compound 1,4,7,10-tetrakis（2-（4-methoxyphenoxy）ethyl）-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane hydrobromide derivated from cyclen has been synthesized by 4-methoxyphenol via two steps and characterized by ^1H NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group Pbcn with a = 17.3174（15）, b = 12.9891（11）, c = 19.3379（17） A, V = 4349.8（7） ？3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.304 g/cm3, Mr = 853.87, F（000） = 1808, μ = 1.001 mm^-1, Mo Ka radiation（λ = 0.71073 A）, R = 0.0467 and w R = 0.1045 for 2774 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. X-ray structural analysis reveals that the molecular structure of the title compound is stabilized by intramolecular C–H···O and C–H···Br hydrogen-bonding interactions, and a 3D 2-fold interpenetrated supramolecular framework is constructed by intermolecular C–H···O and C–H···Br hydrogen-bonding interactions.展开更多
Nickel foam(NF)-polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)interpenetrating phase composites(IPCs)were prepared via vacuum-assisted emulsion impregnation and free sintering.The effects of the pores per inch(PPI)of the NFs on the mi...Nickel foam(NF)-polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)interpenetrating phase composites(IPCs)were prepared via vacuum-assisted emulsion impregnation and free sintering.The effects of the pores per inch(PPI)of the NFs on the microstructure,mechanical properties,thermal conductivity,and tribological properties were investigated.The results indicated that the incorporation of a three-dimensional Ni skeleton inhibited heat accumulation at the friction interface,and the thermal conductivity and wear resistance of the composite significantly improved with increasing PPI.Compared with those of the PTFE matrix,the thermal conductivity of the 80 PPI NF-PTFE IPCs improved by~394%and the wear rate decreased by up to~66%.展开更多
A new coordination polymer,[Co_(2)(L)_(2)(4,4'-bipy)]_(n)·3nH_(2)O(1)based on 5-(3-methyl-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-tri-azol-4-yl)isophthalic acid(H_(2)L)and 4,4'-bipyridine(4,4'-bipy)has been hydrothermally ...A new coordination polymer,[Co_(2)(L)_(2)(4,4'-bipy)]_(n)·3nH_(2)O(1)based on 5-(3-methyl-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-tri-azol-4-yl)isophthalic acid(H_(2)L)and 4,4'-bipyridine(4,4'-bipy)has been hydrothermally synthesized and character-ized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,XRPD,IR,and elemental analysis.Temperature-dependent magnetic sus-ceptibility and thermal degradation for 1 were also studied.The asymmetric unit of compound 1 consists of two crystallographically independent Co(II)ion,two L^(2−)ligand,one 4,4'-bipy ligand,and three lattice water molecules.The 2D triangle networks were linked by the bridging 4,4'-bipy ligand to give rise to a 2-fold interpenetrated 3D architecture.The simplest cyclic motif of the 2D networks is a triangle ring consisting of three Co(II)cations and three L^(2−)ligands.So we can define Co(II)ions as 4-connected nodes and the L^(2−)ligands as 3-connected nodes.Thus,the 3D structure can be described as a 2-fold parallel interpenetrated ins InS 3,4-conn topology.展开更多
Metal-organic frameworks are a sort of rapid development crystal solids,which have greatly attracted a large amount of attention in recent decades.The construction of 3D[Ni(bcp)(bpp)]n(namely complex 1)displays a rare...Metal-organic frameworks are a sort of rapid development crystal solids,which have greatly attracted a large amount of attention in recent decades.The construction of 3D[Ni(bcp)(bpp)]n(namely complex 1)displays a rare[3+3+3]nine-fold interpenetrated diamond topology,which can be successfully synthesized by a mixed strategy of 1,3-bis(4-carboxyphenoxy)propane(H2bcp)and 1,4-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine(bpp).The interpenetrated network may be ascribed to these flexible bridging linkers to facilitate the penetration degree.In addition,the resultant sample was adequately characterized by elemental analysis,single-crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffraction,and thermal gravimetric analysis.Furthermore,the as-synthesized sample can be used as catalysis for chemical fixation of CO2 and epoxide to carbonate.展开更多
Three new CuⅡ coordination polymers,[Cu2(oba)2(H2O)(DMF)].3H2O(1),[Cu4(oba)4(DMF)4].4H2O.DMF(2) and [Cu2(oba)(hmp)2](3)(H2oba = 4,4'-oxybis(benzoic acid),Hhmp = 2-pyridine methanol,DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamid...Three new CuⅡ coordination polymers,[Cu2(oba)2(H2O)(DMF)].3H2O(1),[Cu4(oba)4(DMF)4].4H2O.DMF(2) and [Cu2(oba)(hmp)2](3)(H2oba = 4,4'-oxybis(benzoic acid),Hhmp = 2-pyridine methanol,DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide) were synthesized by solvothermal reactions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Both complexes 1 and 2 take three-dimensional(3D) three-fold interpenetrating PtS topology with 1D channels.In complex 3,Cu4 clusters were formed by the chelating hmp ligands,and then the clusters were further linked by oba ligands to form a 3D three-fold interpenetrating dia topology network.For 2,N2 sorption shows type I isotherm with BET surface areas of 562 m2 g-1 and Langmuir surface area of 747 m2 g-1,respectively.At 77 and 87 K,the hydrogen uptakes of complex 2 are 0.89 wt% and 0.57 wt%,respectively.Magnetic investigation showed the ferromagnetic coupling between CuII ions and very weak antiferromagnetic interaction between Cu4 clusters in complex 3.展开更多
Two novel interpenetrated coordination polymers,[Zn(IBA)2]n (1) and {[Cd(IBA)2(H2O)].4H2O}n (2),have been synthesized by using 4-imidazole-benzoic acid (HIBA) as ligand under hydrothermal con-ditions. Complex 1 crysta...Two novel interpenetrated coordination polymers,[Zn(IBA)2]n (1) and {[Cd(IBA)2(H2O)].4H2O}n (2),have been synthesized by using 4-imidazole-benzoic acid (HIBA) as ligand under hydrothermal con-ditions. Complex 1 crystallizes in a chiral space group and has a two-fold interpenetrated 2D network structure with (4,4) topology,while complex 2 is a 3D porous dia network with four nets interpene-trating each other. The SHG activity of 1 and the photoluminescent property of 2 have been investi-gated.展开更多
Controlling interpenetration and flexibility behaviors is intriguing and fundamental for porous coordination polymers.We report exceptional interpenetration behaviors involving controllable partial order–disorder str...Controlling interpenetration and flexibility behaviors is intriguing and fundamental for porous coordination polymers.We report exceptional interpenetration behaviors involving controllable partial order–disorder structural transformations.A new bis-benzotriazolate ligand(NaH2sbbta)with a twisted and anionic backbone was designed and synthesized.The solvothermal reaction of ZnCl_(2) and NaH_(2)sbbta yielded(Et_(2)NH_(2))_(3)[Zn_(5)Cl_(4)(sbbta)_(3)]·6DEF(2)possessing two-fold interpenetrated anionic pcu networks with symmetry,shape,and charge different from the known analogues.More interestingly,powder and single-crystal X-ray diffractions showed that 2 can undergo solvent-induced structural transformation to form a noninterpenetrated anionic pcu network with larger pores(1).Consequently,1/2 can selectively adsorb/exchange cationic dyes fromneutral and anionic dyes with tunable size selectivity.However,since the transformations are reversible without obvious change of crystal sizes,the network that disappeared in X-ray crystallography should be mainly disordered rather than decomposed.Further,the structural transformations can be suppressed by thermal decomposition/removal of Et_(2)NH_(2)^(+)/Et_(2)NH.Computational simulations indicate that the ordered and disordered structures are stabilized by relatively large and small solvent molecules,respectively.展开更多
As a highly promising candidate for hydrogen storage,crucial to vehicles powered by fuel cells,metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted the attention of chemists in recent decades.H_(2) uptake in an MOF is influe...As a highly promising candidate for hydrogen storage,crucial to vehicles powered by fuel cells,metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted the attention of chemists in recent decades.H_(2) uptake in an MOF is influenced by many factors such as pore size,ligand functionalization,and open metal sites.The synergistic effect of these factors can significantly enhance the H_(2) uptake in an MOF.Herein,we report a twofold interpenetrated MOF(UPC-501)based on a Zn_(4)O(COO)_(6)secondary building unit with the H_(2) uptake of 14.8 mmol g^(−1)(2.96 wt%)at 77 K and 0.1 MPa.This uptake is the highest among all the reported porous Zn-based MOF materials.Both experimental and theoretical results confirm that the reduced pore size derived from twofold interpenetration and the imidazole-functionalized ligand are responsible for the extremely high H_(2) uptake of UPC-501.展开更多
Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)reinforced copper(CNTs/Cu)is one of the most promising and extensively researched materials for replacing traditional Cu-based materials in high-load and high-current applications,particularly wi...Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)reinforced copper(CNTs/Cu)is one of the most promising and extensively researched materials for replacing traditional Cu-based materials in high-load and high-current applications,particularly within the aerospace industry.Amorphous carbon nanotubes(aCNTs)are a type of carbon nanotubes characterized by the presence of mesopores distributed across their amorphous sidewalls,facilitating connectivity between the hollow core and the external environment.Therefore,we propose utilizing aCNTs as a reinforcing agent for Cu.The mesoporous structure of aCNTs facilitates the interpenetration of Cu into the aCNTs,thereby maintaining the continuity of the matrix properties.Experimental results demonstrate that Cu effectively penetrates the mesoporous sidewalls of aCNTs.Both pure Cu and aCNTs-reinforced Cu exhibit comparable electrical conductivity,while the hardness of the aCNTs/Cu composite is significantly enhanced.Additionally,both the density and porosity of aCNTs/Cu are lower than those of pure Cu,and the introduction of aCNTs helps to reduce the sintering temperature.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20873150)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2010BQ023)
文摘One novel cobalt coordination polymer, {[Co（HTCB）（4,4＇btb）]＇HzO}n （1, H3TCB = 1,3,5-tris（4-carboxyphenyl）benzene, 4,4＇-btb = 4,4＇-bis（1,2,4-triazol-3-yl）biphenyl）, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, powder X-ray diffraction （PXRD）, and thermogravimetric （TG） analyses. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 is a 2D 2-fold interpenetrated {44,62}-sql [Co（HTCB）（4,4＇-btb）] sheet based on the 1D [Co（HTCB）]n chains and 1D [Co（4,4＇-btb）]n chains. The crystal of 1 crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 9.529（12）, b = 13.914（16）, c = 14.906（17） A, V= 1903（4） A3, Z = 2, C45H34N6CoO71 Mr= 829.71, Dc = 1.448 g/cm3, F（000） = 858 andμ（MoKa） = 0.514 mm-1. The final R = 0.0655 and wR = 0.1136 for 6603 observed reflections with 1 〉 2a（/） and R = 0.1136 and wR = 0.1747 for all data.
基金Financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21273033,21673039 and 21573042)
文摘A novel,porous and doubly interpenetrated MOF（FJU-29） was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR,TGA and X-ray single-crystal/powder diffraction.FJU-29 crystallizes in monoclinic,space group C2/c with a = 22.2890（7）,b = 10.9175（2）,c = 21.5601（7） ？,β = 112.908（4）o,V = 4832.7（3） ？~3,Z = 8,Mr = 450.26,D_c = 1.238 g/cm^3,F（000） = 1832,μ（CuKα） = 5.885 mm^（-1）,R = 0.0585 and wR = 0.1544 for 4789 observed reflections（I 〉 2s（I））,and R = 0.0726 and wR = 0.1627 for all data.FJU-29 possesses paddle-wheel {Co_2（COO）_4} clusters bridged by bi-pyrazolate naphthalene diimide ligands（H_2NDI） and H_2BDC to from a 3D framework with a pcu-topology.The desolvated FJU-29a shows the BET surface area of 560.44 m^2·g^（-1） accompanies with discriminating uptakes in CO_2 and N_2.The adsorption selectivity determined by ideal adsorbed solution theory（IAST） indicated that FJU-29 a has high CO_2/N_2（18/85） selectivity（75.5） at 296 K and 100 kPa.The relatively high selectivity further implies that FJU-29 a is a potential material for practical flue gas purification.
文摘Interpenetrated polymer networks of chitosan (CHI), polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAM) were prepared by free radical polymerization. These hydrogels were either washed with double distilled water (CHI/PAA/PAM) A or hydrolyzed with 1M sodium hydroxide (NaOH), (CHI/PAA/PAM) S. Both types of hydrogels were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, microstructural techniques and compressive mechanical testing. Finally, hydrogels were loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and release followed at different pHs. Infrared spectra analysis showed correspondence between hydrogels and monomer feed compositions. Hydrolyzed hydrogels, had increased water content and pH swelling dependence. Compression modulus of swelled hydrolyzed hydrogels decreased with increasing equilibrium water content. Higher BSA loadings were achieved on hydrolyzed hydrogels due to their high water content and porosity. Protein release from hydrogels was low (≤ 20% after 10 hours) at pH 1.2, but sustained release was observed at pH 6.8 and 7.4. The integrity of the protein released at 6.8 and 7.4 by hydrolyzed hydrogels was unaffected. The hydrogles showed no cytotoxic effects on human skin dermal fibroblasts as determined by MTT assay except for two compositions of (CHI/PAA/PAM) A samples, which after seven days presented a viability lower than 80% respect to the control.
基金financial support from the Center for Coastal Climate Resilience of the University of California,Santa Cruz(UCSC)This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No.DE-AC52-07NA27344 and supported by Laboratory Directed Research and Development award 23-SI-002.IM release number:LLNL-JRNL-862347。
文摘The architectural design of electrodes offers new opportunities for next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices(EESDs)by increasing surface area,thickness,and active materials mass loading while maintaining good ion diffusion through optimized electrode tortuosity.However,conventional thick electrodes increase ion diffusion length and cause larger ion concentration gradients,limiting reaction kinetics.We demonstrate a strategy for building interpenetrated structures that shortens ion diffusion length and reduces ion concentration inhomogeneity.This free-standing device structure also avoids short-circuiting without needing a separator.The feature size and number of interpenetrated units can be adjusted during printing to balance surface area and ion diffusion.Starting with a 3D-printed interpenetrated polymer substrate,we metallize it to make it conductive.This substrate has two individually addressable electrodes,allowing selective electrodeposition of energy storage materials.Using a Zn//MnO_(2)battery as a model system,the interpenetrated device outperforms conventional separate electrode configurations,improving volumetric energy density by 221%and exhibiting a higher capacity retention rate of 49%compared to 35%at temperatures from 20 to 0℃.Our study introduces a new EESD architecture applicable to Li-ion,Na-ion batteries,supercapacitors,etc.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No Y2007F68)
文摘A coordination polymer [Ni（pbc）2（H2O）]n（Hpbc = 3-pyrid-4-ylbenzoic acid） has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,IR and elemental analysis.The crystal is of monoclinic,space group C2/c with a=19.624（5）,b=12.029（5）,c=19.452（5）A,β=104.45（5）°,C24H18NiN2O5,Mr=473.11,V=4447（2）A^3,Dc=1.413 g/cm^3,F（000）=1952,μ = 0.91 cm^-1,Z = 8,the final R=0.0424 and wR=0.0871 for 3757 reflections with I〉2σ（I）.X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the pbc-ligands act as diconnectors to link two Ni（Ⅱ） centers and adopt two coordination modes of μ2-N,O and μ2-N,O,O to form infinite wavy nickel-carboxylate chains along the bc plane.The topological analysis of compound [Ni（pbc）2（H2O）]n reveals that it is a typical CdS framework.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Provincial Science & Technology Department(201205080)the Science and Technology Research Projects of the Education Office of Jilin Province(No.2013.384)
文摘A new three-dimensional（3D） coordination polymer, [Cd（L）2H2O]n·5nH2O 1 with 4-[（3-pyridyl）methylamino]benzoate acid（HL）, has been synthesized by slow evaporation solvent at room temperature, and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, thermal analysis, fluorescence spectrum and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the tetragonal system, space group I-4, with a = 20.7937（16）, c = 13.515（2）, V = 5843.5（11） 3, C26H34CdN4O10, Mr = 674.97, Dc = 1.534 g/cm3, μ（MoKα） = 0.808 mm-1, F（000） = 2768, Z = 8, the final R = 0.0276 and wR = 0.0691 for 5323 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））. The result of thermal analysis shows that 1 is stable under 290 ℃. Moreover, it exhibits blue photoluminescence at room temperature.
基金supported by the grants from Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
文摘A new Co（Ⅱ）-based coordination polymer, namely [Co（L）0.5（4,4?-bipy）0.5（H2 O）2]n（1,H4 L = 1,3-di（3?,5?-dicarboxylphenyl）benzene, 4,4?-bipy = 4,4?-bipyridine）, has been hydrothermally synthesized using the mixed-ligands self-assembly strategy and further fully characterized. The crystal structure is of monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 18.9124（10）, b = 11.6150（5）, c =15.4380（6） ?, β = 110.989（5）°, V = 3166.2（2） ?3, C16 H13 CoNO6, Mr = 374.20, Z = 8, Dc = 1.570 g·cm–3, F（000） = 1496, μ = 1.116 mm–1, R = 0.0461 and wR = 0.1312 for 2328 observed reflections（I > 2s（I））. The crystal structure analysis revealed that 1 is a 4-fold interpenetrated three-dimensional（3D） framework with（3,4）-connected dmd-type topology. Moreover, the thermal stability and magnetic property of 1 were also investigated.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Development plan of Jilin Province(20150520006JH)Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Jilin province(2016219,JJKH20180776KJ)Science and Technology Development plan of Siping City(2013055)
文摘Two fascinating Zn（II）entangled coordination polymers,[Zn（eoba）(bbi)];·nH;O（1）and[Zn（boba）(bbi);];（2）,(bbi=1,1?-（1,4-butanediyl）-bis（imidazole）,H;eoba=4,4?-（ethane-1,2-diyldioxy）-dibenzoic acid,H;boba=4,4?-（butane-1,4-diyldioxy）-dibenzoic acid),were obtained by hydrothermal technology and characterized by elemental analysis,infrared spectrum,thermogravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.1 is a rare 2D→3D example with a 3-fold parallel interpenetration and polycatenaned architecture.2 features a scarce2D→2D example with a 3-fold parallel interpenetrating network which possesses polyrotaxane and polycatenane characters.Moreover,the luminescent properties of 1 and 2 have been discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21361011 and 21101081)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20151BAB203002)
文摘The reaction of Cd（NO_3）_2·4H_2O with 4,4？-dipyridylacetylene（4,4？-DPA） and 2-nitroterephthalic acid（2-NO_2-H_2BDC） in DMF/H_2O mixed solvent has afforded a compound {[Cd（2-NO_2-BDC）（4,4？-DPA）]·（DMF）}_n（1）. Compound 1 has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis, and IR spectrum. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n, with a = 12.1488（3）, b = 14.6689（3）, c = 13.1615（3） ？, β = 111.809（3）o, V = 2177.63（9） ？~3, Z = 4, C_（23）H_（18）N_4O_7 Cd, M_r = 574.81, D_c = 1.753 g/cm^3, μ = 8.523 mm^（-1）, F（000） = 1152, the final R = 0.0411 and wR = 0.1064 for 3589 observed reflections with I 〉 2s（I）. In compound 1, the Cd（Ⅱ） ions are linked by the carboxylate groups of 2-NO_2-BDC ligands to give a two-dimensional layered structure based on the centrosymmetric dinuclear Cd_2（COO）_2 units, which are further connected by the 4,4？-DPA ligands to produce a three-dimensional framework with pcu topology. Careful examination revealed that compound 1 is a 2-fold interpenetrating framework. Furthermore, the gas adsorption properties of 1 for N_2 and CO_2 have also been investigated.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20771006)Education Committee of Anhui Province (KJ2008B005)
文摘A novel cadmium（Ⅱ） coordination polymer [Cd2（3-pa）4（4,4＇-bpy）（H2O）].3.08H2O 1 has been synthesized by pyridine-3-carboxylate （3-pall） and CdO with exo-bidentate rigid dipyridyl ligand 4,4＇-bipyridine （4,4＇-bpy） by using a hydrothermal method, its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and its luminescent property was also documented. Complex 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pbcn with a = 21.4074（14）, b = 27.1119（18）, c = 12.3879（8） A, V = 7189.9（8） A3, Z = 8, C34H32.16Cd2N6O12.08, Mr= 942.85, Dc = 1.742 g/cms, p = 1.255 mm-1 and F（000） = 3766. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.0353 and wR = 0.0891 for 6278 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. The most prominent structural feature is the mutual interpenetration of two identical 3-D open frameworks via filling the large void space, which gives a 2-fold interpenetrating architecture during the self-assembly process.
基金Supported by the Education Committee of Sichuan Province(12ZA090,13CZ0019 and 14ZB0220)Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Sichuan Institutes of High Education(LZJ14201)Sichuan University of Science and Engineering(Y2014018)
文摘Two 3D 4-fold interpenetrated metal-organic frameworks, [Mn（L）（bpy）]n （1） and [Cu（HL）（bpy）]n （2）（H3L = 4,4＇,4＇＇-（benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tri（methyleneoxy）） tribenzoic acid, bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine）, were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by element analyses, IR spectra, thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray powder diffraction and magnetic property studies. The single-crystal X-ray analyses revealed that 1 and 2 are homogeneous. 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group Cc with a = 26.794（2）, b = 11.6346（10）, c = 21.4614（18） ？, β = 91.570（2）°, V = 6687.9（10） A^3, Z = 8, Mr = 736.59, D = 1.463 g·cm^（-3）, μ = 0.458 mm^-1c, R（int） = 0.0524, F（000） = 3040, the final R = 0.0844 and wR = 0.2266 for 8092 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））. 2 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group Cc with a = 27.609（12）, b = 11.126（10）, c = 21.490（9） ？, β = 92.131（2）°, V = 6597（5） A^3, Z = 8, Mr = 746.21, Dc = 1503 g·cm^（-3）, μ = 0.726 mm^-1, R（int） = 0.0542, F（000） = 3080, the final R =0.0681 and wR = 0.1831 for 6777 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））. Two compounds are 3D [2＋2]-type 4-fold interpenetrated frameworks with（6^3）（6^9.8） hms topology. The magnetic study of compound 2 shows the presence of weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the Cu^Ⅱ ions in 2.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21572026 and 21002009)the Scientific and Technological Project of Changzhou(CE20135009)Changzhou University,Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center
文摘The title compound 1,4,7,10-tetrakis（2-（4-methoxyphenoxy）ethyl）-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane hydrobromide derivated from cyclen has been synthesized by 4-methoxyphenol via two steps and characterized by ^1H NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group Pbcn with a = 17.3174（15）, b = 12.9891（11）, c = 19.3379（17） A, V = 4349.8（7） ？3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.304 g/cm3, Mr = 853.87, F（000） = 1808, μ = 1.001 mm^-1, Mo Ka radiation（λ = 0.71073 A）, R = 0.0467 and w R = 0.1045 for 2774 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. X-ray structural analysis reveals that the molecular structure of the title compound is stabilized by intramolecular C–H···O and C–H···Br hydrogen-bonding interactions, and a 3D 2-fold interpenetrated supramolecular framework is constructed by intermolecular C–H···O and C–H···Br hydrogen-bonding interactions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3708000).
文摘Nickel foam(NF)-polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)interpenetrating phase composites(IPCs)were prepared via vacuum-assisted emulsion impregnation and free sintering.The effects of the pores per inch(PPI)of the NFs on the microstructure,mechanical properties,thermal conductivity,and tribological properties were investigated.The results indicated that the incorporation of a three-dimensional Ni skeleton inhibited heat accumulation at the friction interface,and the thermal conductivity and wear resistance of the composite significantly improved with increasing PPI.Compared with those of the PTFE matrix,the thermal conductivity of the 80 PPI NF-PTFE IPCs improved by~394%and the wear rate decreased by up to~66%.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21071083 and 20771062).
文摘A new coordination polymer,[Co_(2)(L)_(2)(4,4'-bipy)]_(n)·3nH_(2)O(1)based on 5-(3-methyl-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-tri-azol-4-yl)isophthalic acid(H_(2)L)and 4,4'-bipyridine(4,4'-bipy)has been hydrothermally synthesized and character-ized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,XRPD,IR,and elemental analysis.Temperature-dependent magnetic sus-ceptibility and thermal degradation for 1 were also studied.The asymmetric unit of compound 1 consists of two crystallographically independent Co(II)ion,two L^(2−)ligand,one 4,4'-bipy ligand,and three lattice water molecules.The 2D triangle networks were linked by the bridging 4,4'-bipy ligand to give rise to a 2-fold interpenetrated 3D architecture.The simplest cyclic motif of the 2D networks is a triangle ring consisting of three Co(II)cations and three L^(2−)ligands.So we can define Co(II)ions as 4-connected nodes and the L^(2−)ligands as 3-connected nodes.Thus,the 3D structure can be described as a 2-fold parallel interpenetrated ins InS 3,4-conn topology.
文摘Metal-organic frameworks are a sort of rapid development crystal solids,which have greatly attracted a large amount of attention in recent decades.The construction of 3D[Ni(bcp)(bpp)]n(namely complex 1)displays a rare[3+3+3]nine-fold interpenetrated diamond topology,which can be successfully synthesized by a mixed strategy of 1,3-bis(4-carboxyphenoxy)propane(H2bcp)and 1,4-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine(bpp).The interpenetrated network may be ascribed to these flexible bridging linkers to facilitate the penetration degree.In addition,the resultant sample was adequately characterized by elemental analysis,single-crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffraction,and thermal gravimetric analysis.Furthermore,the as-synthesized sample can be used as catalysis for chemical fixation of CO2 and epoxide to carbonate.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2007CB815305)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21031002,51073079 & 20801029)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China(10JCZDJC22100)
文摘Three new CuⅡ coordination polymers,[Cu2(oba)2(H2O)(DMF)].3H2O(1),[Cu4(oba)4(DMF)4].4H2O.DMF(2) and [Cu2(oba)(hmp)2](3)(H2oba = 4,4'-oxybis(benzoic acid),Hhmp = 2-pyridine methanol,DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide) were synthesized by solvothermal reactions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Both complexes 1 and 2 take three-dimensional(3D) three-fold interpenetrating PtS topology with 1D channels.In complex 3,Cu4 clusters were formed by the chelating hmp ligands,and then the clusters were further linked by oba ligands to form a 3D three-fold interpenetrating dia topology network.For 2,N2 sorption shows type I isotherm with BET surface areas of 562 m2 g-1 and Langmuir surface area of 747 m2 g-1,respectively.At 77 and 87 K,the hydrogen uptakes of complex 2 are 0.89 wt% and 0.57 wt%,respectively.Magnetic investigation showed the ferromagnetic coupling between CuII ions and very weak antiferromagnetic interaction between Cu4 clusters in complex 3.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 20731004 & 20721002)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB925103)
文摘Two novel interpenetrated coordination polymers,[Zn(IBA)2]n (1) and {[Cd(IBA)2(H2O)].4H2O}n (2),have been synthesized by using 4-imidazole-benzoic acid (HIBA) as ligand under hydrothermal con-ditions. Complex 1 crystallizes in a chiral space group and has a two-fold interpenetrated 2D network structure with (4,4) topology,while complex 2 is a 3D porous dia network with four nets interpene-trating each other. The SHG activity of 1 and the photoluminescent property of 2 have been investi-gated.
基金supported by NSFC(nos.21731007,22090061,21821003,and 22071272)the Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(no.2017BT01C161).The。
文摘Controlling interpenetration and flexibility behaviors is intriguing and fundamental for porous coordination polymers.We report exceptional interpenetration behaviors involving controllable partial order–disorder structural transformations.A new bis-benzotriazolate ligand(NaH2sbbta)with a twisted and anionic backbone was designed and synthesized.The solvothermal reaction of ZnCl_(2) and NaH_(2)sbbta yielded(Et_(2)NH_(2))_(3)[Zn_(5)Cl_(4)(sbbta)_(3)]·6DEF(2)possessing two-fold interpenetrated anionic pcu networks with symmetry,shape,and charge different from the known analogues.More interestingly,powder and single-crystal X-ray diffractions showed that 2 can undergo solvent-induced structural transformation to form a noninterpenetrated anionic pcu network with larger pores(1).Consequently,1/2 can selectively adsorb/exchange cationic dyes fromneutral and anionic dyes with tunable size selectivity.However,since the transformations are reversible without obvious change of crystal sizes,the network that disappeared in X-ray crystallography should be mainly disordered rather than decomposed.Further,the structural transformations can be suppressed by thermal decomposition/removal of Et_(2)NH_(2)^(+)/Et_(2)NH.Computational simulations indicate that the ordered and disordered structures are stabilized by relatively large and small solvent molecules,respectively.
基金supported by the NSFC(grant no.21875285)Taishan Scholar Foundation(grant no.ts201511019)+3 种基金Key Research and Development Projects of Shandong Province(grant no.2019JZZY010331)the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(grant no.XDB20000000)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(grant no.QYZDB-SSW-SLH019)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant no.18CX02047A).
文摘As a highly promising candidate for hydrogen storage,crucial to vehicles powered by fuel cells,metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted the attention of chemists in recent decades.H_(2) uptake in an MOF is influenced by many factors such as pore size,ligand functionalization,and open metal sites.The synergistic effect of these factors can significantly enhance the H_(2) uptake in an MOF.Herein,we report a twofold interpenetrated MOF(UPC-501)based on a Zn_(4)O(COO)_(6)secondary building unit with the H_(2) uptake of 14.8 mmol g^(−1)(2.96 wt%)at 77 K and 0.1 MPa.This uptake is the highest among all the reported porous Zn-based MOF materials.Both experimental and theoretical results confirm that the reduced pore size derived from twofold interpenetration and the imidazole-functionalized ligand are responsible for the extremely high H_(2) uptake of UPC-501.
文摘Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)reinforced copper(CNTs/Cu)is one of the most promising and extensively researched materials for replacing traditional Cu-based materials in high-load and high-current applications,particularly within the aerospace industry.Amorphous carbon nanotubes(aCNTs)are a type of carbon nanotubes characterized by the presence of mesopores distributed across their amorphous sidewalls,facilitating connectivity between the hollow core and the external environment.Therefore,we propose utilizing aCNTs as a reinforcing agent for Cu.The mesoporous structure of aCNTs facilitates the interpenetration of Cu into the aCNTs,thereby maintaining the continuity of the matrix properties.Experimental results demonstrate that Cu effectively penetrates the mesoporous sidewalls of aCNTs.Both pure Cu and aCNTs-reinforced Cu exhibit comparable electrical conductivity,while the hardness of the aCNTs/Cu composite is significantly enhanced.Additionally,both the density and porosity of aCNTs/Cu are lower than those of pure Cu,and the introduction of aCNTs helps to reduce the sintering temperature.
