Objectives:College students face increasing mental health challenges.Although Acceptance and CommitmentTherapy(ACT)is effective,the efficacy of Internet-based ACT(iACT)needs further exploration.Methods:This study exam...Objectives:College students face increasing mental health challenges.Although Acceptance and CommitmentTherapy(ACT)is effective,the efficacy of Internet-based ACT(iACT)needs further exploration.Methods:This study examines the efficacy of iACT on college students’mental health through a randomized controlled trial.We recruited 90 college students(19.16±1.02 years old)and randomly divided them into the iACT group,face-to-face ACT group,and control group.The effects of the interventions were evaluated using the comprehensive assessment of ACT processes(CompACT)and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales(DASS-21).Results:Two-factor repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant time main effect of iACT.Face-to-face ACT and iACT effectively improved college students’psychological flexibility[F(2,83)=18.78,p<0.001,η^(2)=0.18]and alleviated their negative emotions[F(2,82)=41.17,p<0.001,η^(2)=0.36].Face-to-face ACT exhibited sustained effects on improving participants’psychological flexibility and alleviating their negative emotions(p<0.001),while iACT showed no sustained effect on improving participants’psychological flexibility(p>0.05).Conclusion:While iACT and face-to-face ACT are effective shortterm interventions,face-to-face ACT demonstrates superior sustainability.Integrating guided sessions into iACT may enhance long-term outcomes.These findings advocate for blended interventions to address college students’mental health needs,particularly in resource-limited settings.展开更多
With the development of internet technology, customers play more and more important roles in new product development. The paper defines customer knowledge; then analyses the modes of customer knowledge transferring ba...With the development of internet technology, customers play more and more important roles in new product development. The paper defines customer knowledge; then analyses the modes of customer knowledge transferring based on SECI model and information emission model. Finally customer knowledge transferring mechanism is discussed.展开更多
Teleoperation system plays an important role in executing task under hazard environment. As the computer networks such as the Internet are being used as the communication channel of teleoperation system, varying time ...Teleoperation system plays an important role in executing task under hazard environment. As the computer networks such as the Internet are being used as the communication channel of teleoperation system, varying time delay causes the overall system unstable and reduces the performance of transparency. This paper proposed twelve operation modes with different control schemes for teleoperation on the Internet with time delay. And an optimal operation mode with control scheme was specified for teleoperation with time delay, based on the tradeoff between passivity and transparency properties. It experimentally confirmed the validity of the proposed optimal mode and control scheme by using a simple one DOF master-slave manipulator system.展开更多
The synthesis of high-quality heteroepitaxial diamond films on iridium composite substrates is a critical step toward advancing diamond for electronic and optical applications.Microwave plasma chemical vapor depositio...The synthesis of high-quality heteroepitaxial diamond films on iridium composite substrates is a critical step toward advancing diamond for electronic and optical applications.Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition,combined with in situ optical emission spectroscopy,enables precise control over growth modes through plasma parameter tuning.In this study,we examine how methane concentration,microwave power,and gas pressure influence plasma species and,consequently,the growth modes of heteroepitaxial diamond by optical emission spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope.At low nucleation densities,increased methane concentrations promote the transition from faceted polyhedral to ballas structures,driven by elevated C_(2) radical concentrations in the plasma.Conversely,at higher nucleation densities,gas pressure,and substrate temperature dominate growth mode determination,leading to diverse morphologies,such as planar,polycrystalline,octahedral,and step-flow growth.These findings elucidate the interplay among plasma species,growth parameters,and growth mode,offering critical insights for optimizing growth conditions and preparing heteroepitaxial diamond films in a specific growth mode.展开更多
Auroral kilometric radiation(AKR),a fundamental plasma emission in Earth's magnetosphere,exhibits three characteristic modes:the right-handed extraordinary(R-X),left-handed ordinary(L-O)and left-handed extraordina...Auroral kilometric radiation(AKR),a fundamental plasma emission in Earth's magnetosphere,exhibits three characteristic modes:the right-handed extraordinary(R-X),left-handed ordinary(L-O)and left-handed extraordinary(L-X)modes.The role of AKR in magnetosphere−ionosphere−atmosphere coupling depends sensitively on its wave mode.While previous studies have primarily focused on the dominant R-X mode,we present the first systematic identification of all three modes using a practical polarization analysis method based on Arase satellite observations.This method employs a spin-axis-relative Ratio:when the satellite's spin axis aligns with the background magnetic field,a positive(negative)Ratio indicates the right-handed(left-handed)polarization,with reversal under anti-parallel conditions.Combined polarization-frequency analysis reveals that R-X,L-O,and L-X modes can exist in both dayside and nightside regions,with power spectral densities up to 10^(-6)mV^(2)m^(-2)Hz^(-1).This study resolves long-standing ambiguities in AKR mode classification and has implications for understanding AKR-induced electron dynamics.展开更多
Using multi-source reanalysis data,this study examines the relationship between the tropical Pacific-Atlantic SST Dipole Mode(TPA-DM)and summer precipitation in North China(NCSP)on the interannual timescale during the...Using multi-source reanalysis data,this study examines the relationship between the tropical Pacific-Atlantic SST Dipole Mode(TPA-DM)and summer precipitation in North China(NCSP)on the interannual timescale during the period of 1979-2022.The results show that the TPA-DM,the dominant pattern of interannual variability in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic regions,exhibits a significant negative correlation with NCSP.The positive phase of TPA-DM induces subsidence over the Maritime Continent through a zonal circulation pattern,which initiates a Pacific-Japan-like wave train along the East Asian coast.The circulation anomalies lead to moisture deficits and convergence subsidence over North China,leading to below-normal rainfall.Further analysis reveals that cooler SST in the Southern Tropical Atlantic facilitates the persistence of the TPA-DM by stimulating the anomalous Walker circulation associated with wind-evaporation-SST-convection feedback.展开更多
Mycorrhizal symbioses are prevalent in terrestrial ecosystems and play essential roles in plant nutrition and health.However,the relative importance of plant evolutionary history,physiology,and eco-geographical factor...Mycorrhizal symbioses are prevalent in terrestrial ecosystems and play essential roles in plant nutrition and health.However,the relative importance of plant evolutionary history,physiology,and eco-geographical factors in shaping mycorrhizal fungal community assembly remains poorly understood.Here,we investigate how plant phylogeny,trophic mode,biogeographic distribution and environmental niche collectively influence the diversity and composition of mycorrhizal fungal communities across the Orchidaceae,spanning broad phylogenetic and ecological scales.By using family-wide orchid-fungal associations and global occurrence data,our analyses showed that the variation in fungal diversity and community structure can be partially explained by orchids’trophic mode,biogeographic distribution and environmental niche,but not by their overall phylogenetic relatedness.Among trophic modes,partially mycoheterotrophic orchids exhibited the highest level of fungal diversity(the lowest level of fungal specificity)in association with a broad range of phylogenetically dispersed fungal partners.Between biogeographical regions,a significantly higher level of fungal specificity was found for orchid species distributed in Australia than those in Eurasia and Africa.Furthermore,multivariate analyses showed that a small portion of the variation in fungal community structure was significantly related to broad climate,soil and vegetation variables,indicating the existence of large-scale habitat filtering on orchid mycorrhizal communities.Altogether,our findings indicate that mycorrhizal communities in the orchid family are likely shaped by multiple,intertwined factors related to orchid ecophysiology and biogeography on a global scale.展开更多
This paper introduces a framework for modeling random fields,with a particular emphasis on analyzing anisotropic spatial variability.It establishes a clear connection between the correlation function and the Kriging v...This paper introduces a framework for modeling random fields,with a particular emphasis on analyzing anisotropic spatial variability.It establishes a clear connection between the correlation function and the Kriging variogram across various anisotropic modes,providing mathematical models to enhance our understanding of random fields.A new anisotropy index,called LSAI,is introduced to quantify anisotropy based on the autocorrelation length and the orientation of the principal axes within the variogram.An LSAI value closer to one indicates a lower degree of anisotropy.The present study examines how the degree of anisotropy varies with different autocorrelation lengths and angles between the principal axes,providing valuable insights into these relationships.To improve the accuracy of parameter probability distribution estimations,this study integrates limited field test data using a Bayesian inference approach.Additionally,the Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation method is employed to develop a conditional random field(CRF)for the deformation modulus.By incorporating data from field bearing plate tests,the posterior variance data for the deformation modulus are derived.This process facilitates the construction of a detailed and reliable CRF for the deformation modulus.展开更多
Climate models are essential for understanding past,present,and future changes in atmospheric circulation,with circulation modes providing key sources of seasonal predictability and prediction uncertainties for both g...Climate models are essential for understanding past,present,and future changes in atmospheric circulation,with circulation modes providing key sources of seasonal predictability and prediction uncertainties for both global and regional climates.This study assesses the performance of models participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project in simulating interannual variability modes of Northern Hemisphere 500-hPa geopotential height during winter and summer,distinguishing predictable(potentially predictable on seasonal or longer timescales)and unpredictable(intraseasonal and essentially unpredictable at long range)components,using reanalysis data and a variance decomposition method.Although most models effectively capture unpredictable modes in reanalysis,their ability to reproduce dominant predictable modes-specifically the Pacific-North American pattern,Arctic Oscillation,and Western Pacific Oscillation in winter,and the East Atlantic and North Atlantic Oscillations in summer-varies notably.An optimal ensemble is identified to distinguish(a)predictable-external modes,dominated by external forcing,and(b)predictable-internal modes,associated with slow internal variability,during the historical period(1950-2014)and the SSP5-8.5 scenario(2036-2100).Under increased radiative forcing,the leading winter/summer predictable-external mode exhibits a more uniform spatial distribution,remarkably larger trend and annual variance,and enhanced height-sea surface temperature(SST)covariance under SSP5-8.5 compared to historical conditions.The dominant winter/summer predictable-internal modes also exhibit increased variance and height-SST covariance under SSP5-8.5,along with localized changes in spatial configuration.Minimal changes are observed in spatial distribution or variance for dominant winter/summer unpredictable modes under SSP5-8.5.This study,from a predictive perspective,deepens our understanding of model uncertainties and projected changes in circulations.展开更多
The subantarctic mode water(SAMW)represents a large water mass in the Southern Ocean.This body of water forms through deep convection(subduction)in winter and contributes to the uptake and storage of anthropogenic hea...The subantarctic mode water(SAMW)represents a large water mass in the Southern Ocean.This body of water forms through deep convection(subduction)in winter and contributes to the uptake and storage of anthropogenic heat.However,its longterm changes in subduction rate and volume in response to shifting climate conditions are unclear.In this study,we investigated the long-term trend of the subduction rate and volume of the South Pacific–SAMW(SPSAMW)using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation outputs during 1980–2017.The results show the overall increasing trend of the subduction rate of the SPSAMW.The increased subduction of the SPSAMW directly contributes to the volume variation in the SPSAMW.The increased subduction in the South Pacific reached(0.28±0.16)Sv-1 per year,which explains nearly 68%of the volume increase in the SPSAMW.This variability in the SPSAMW reflects alterations in the overlying atmosphere.The positive to negative phase change of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation(IPO)in 1980–2017 deepened the Amundsen Sea Low(ASL)via atmospheric teleconnections over the South Pacific.Further analysis reveals that the increased westerly winds during the deepening of ASL resulted in more cold water transport from the south,which deepened the winter mixed layer and thus increased subduction and volume within the SPSAMW subduction region.This finding suggests the association of the long-term trends of SPSAMW subduction and volume with the phase change of the IPO.展开更多
The spatial organization of urban-rural systems is fundamentally shaped by the agglomeration and diffusion effects inherent in human-Earth processes,giving rise to distinct gradient-based and hierarchical structures.U...The spatial organization of urban-rural systems is fundamentally shaped by the agglomeration and diffusion effects inherent in human-Earth processes,giving rise to distinct gradient-based and hierarchical structures.Understanding the complexity of these interactions and their multidimensional drivers is essential for deciphering the mechanisms of integrated urban-rural development.Here,we apply a novel hierarchical spatial system framework based on the human-Earth system,combining social network analysis and multi-level modeling,to examine the evolution of the socio-spatial structure in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2000 to 2020.We developed a comprehensive evaluation system spanning economic,social,environmental,and infrastructural dimensions to characterize spatial patterns across multiple network levels,including city clusters,metropolitan areas,municipal-counties,towns,and villages.Our analysis reveals three key findings:First,the density of foundational network connections increased significantly,reflecting a trend toward spatial concentration driven by policy-led regional integration.Second,network structures at the city-cluster and metropolitan scales exhibited a pattern of“initial expansion followed by convergence”,accompanied by notable shifts in their spatial centers of gravity.In parallel,differentiated patterns of agglomeration and expansion were evident in the township-and village-level networks of Baoding,Tangshan,and Handan,while village-level networks in Anxin,Quyang,and other locations demonstrated distinct developmental trends.Third,community structures demonstrated strong functional homophily and interactive cohesion across multiple dimensions,with metropolitan and township communities undergoing restructuring that reflects a reconfiguration of cross-level influence and functional coupling.Spatially,the system manifests as a gradient structure of interwoven point,line,and area networks,establishing a mechanism for functional differentiation and transmission from rural to urban areas.This study provides theoretical foundations and methodological support for understanding the spatial organization logic of integrated urban-rural development,offering practical reference value for advancing regional coordination and rural revitalization in a scientifically informed manner.展开更多
Flexible materials play a crucial role in protecting against behind armour blunt trauma(BABT).However,their compliance complicates the understanding of failure mechanisms and energy absorption.This study used a combin...Flexible materials play a crucial role in protecting against behind armour blunt trauma(BABT).However,their compliance complicates the understanding of failure mechanisms and energy absorption.This study used a combined experimental and numerical approach to investigate the response and failure modes of a flexible ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)foam protective sandwich structure(UFPSS)under low-velocity impact(LVI).A finite element(FE)model,accounting for nonlinear large deformation and strain-rate-dependent material behavior,was developed for a woven-UFPSS(featuring a plain-woven fabric structure)subjected to a 50 J impact.Experimental and numerical results showed strong agreement in peak force(error<5%),maximum displacement(error<6%),and buffer time(error<8%).The impact's kinetic energy was mainly converted into internal energy of the fabric and foam materials(~50%),viscous dissipation in the foam core(12%-15%),frictional work at the contact interfaces(5%-6%),and work by the pneumatic fixture clamping force(~38%).This study provides the first investigation of the LVI performance of sandwich structures with all soft material layers,offering significant insights for the application of compliant materials in protective fields.展开更多
In dry-coupled ultrasonic thickness measurement,thick rubber layers introduce high-amplitude parasitic echoes that obscure defect signals and degrade thickness accuracy.Existing methods struggle to resolve overlap-pin...In dry-coupled ultrasonic thickness measurement,thick rubber layers introduce high-amplitude parasitic echoes that obscure defect signals and degrade thickness accuracy.Existing methods struggle to resolve overlap-ping echoes under variable coupling conditions and non-stationary noise.This study proposes a novel dual-criterion framework integrating energy contribution and statistical impulsivity metrics to isolate specimen re-flections from coupling-layer interference.By decomposing A-scan signals into Intrinsic Mode Functions(IMFs),the framework employs energy contribution thresholds(>85%)and kurtosis indices(>3)to autonomously select IMFs containing valid specimen echoes.Hybrid time-frequency thresholding further suppresses interference through amplitude filtering and spectral focusing.Experimental results demonstrate the framework’s robustness,achieving 92.3%thickness accuracy for 5 mm steel specimens with 5 mm rubber coupling,outperforming conventional methods by up to 18.7%.The dual-criterion approach reduces operator dependency by 37%and maintainsΔT<0.03 mm under surface roughness up to 6.3μm,offering a practical solution for industrial nondestructive testing with thick dry-coupled interfaces.展开更多
Background:The easy accessibility,increasing usage,and low cost of internet make it a desirable way of providing health information and delivering interventions for health consumers.Studies in other countries have ver...Background:The easy accessibility,increasing usage,and low cost of internet make it a desirable way of providing health information and delivering interventions for health consumers.Studies in other countries have verified and confirmed the effectiveness of internet-based interventions among people with mental health problems.Similar programs have yet to commence in China.Purpose:This study investigated the willingness for,and attitude toward internet-based intervention in Chinese mental health service users and explored the feasibility of such an intervention.Methods:A cross-sectional survey utilizing a self-developed questionnaire was administered to 186 mental health service users in Beijing,between April and May 2011.Results:Most participants held a positive attitude toward online information and expressed interest in getting assistance from the internet.Some advice and suggestions were provided such as more ways of getting assistance,setting up more professional websites,increasing interaction,as well as having government funding and guidance.Conclusion:Internet-based programs are feasible and applicable,and worth implementing with Chinese people with mental illness.展开更多
Manufacture is facing more furiously competition in the new century. It tends to be globalized. Rapid response and technology innovation have become the key factor to the success of manufacture enterprise. At present,...Manufacture is facing more furiously competition in the new century. It tends to be globalized. Rapid response and technology innovation have become the key factor to the success of manufacture enterprise. At present, internet-based manufacturing develops rapidly. With the development of engineering material and machining techniques, better cutting properties of metal cutting tools are required. The world is paying more attention to the study of indexable carbide inserts with three-dimensional complex grooves which can affect cutting properties directly and chip-controlling. So the variety and specification of indexable insert develop quickly and the application of insert with three-dimensional complex chip-former becomes wider and wider. Because milling is an interrupted cutting, the process of milling is complicated and the failure of the milling inserts is severe. It is important to choose suitable milling inserts groove for particular machining conditions before actual machining, it will extend tool life and raise productivity. Optimization and choice of inserts with complex groove via internet may serve for manufacture enterprises all over the world. The milling inserts with three-dimensional complex grooves are optimized and chosen via Internet in this paper. The face-milling process is studied, with the mathematics models of cutting force for different shape of cutting edges established, the cutting forces predicted and stress-fields of different insert grooves analyzed by FEM, according to the predictable results and the most suitable insert groove for particular machining conditions are optimized and chosen. The complex groove optimization and choice are based on a client/server model, with the client and server being on different machines across the internet. Communication between the client and server uses the TCP/IP. The result of optimization and choice will be sent to the users via Internet. Manufacturers all over the world can get the desired insert groove without paying for expensive experiments. Thus, the cost and lead time of products are reduced.展开更多
There is a documented and often unmet need for interventions aimed at supporting young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in their transition between adol...There is a documented and often unmet need for interventions aimed at supporting young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in their transition between adolescence and adulthood. Difficulties with social interaction, initiation difficulties, and impairments in executive function can complicate visits at a clinic, i.e. traditional treatment, for individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD). A model for internet-based support and coaching aimed at young people with ASD and/or ADHD was developed and tested at three treatment sites in western Sweden. The implementation was analyzed against an inventory according to which implementations are more likely to be successful if an intervention: 1) has advantages compared to other existing methods, 2) matches the individual and organizational values, norms and work practices of its recipients, 3) is perceived as easy to use, and 4) is adaptable to local conditions and the recipients’ needs. Data were collected through group interviews with professionals involved in the implementation of the intervention. The implementation of the intervention showed promising results on measures such as access, delivery/quality of healthcare services, and equality of distribution of healthcare services. The identified impediments to successful implementation related to a wide range of factors and levels, including the design of the intervention, technical issues, attitudes of staff, organizational culture, and organizational structure at the implementation sites in terms of patient stock, work division, and resource allocation. The results are consistent with previous studies that stress the need for multi-component implementation strategies.展开更多
Based on QoS (quality of service) parameters: time delay, jitter, bandwidth and package loss. As time delay in the Internet is variable, it is hard to compensate it by traditional methods. Event synchronization commun...Based on QoS (quality of service) parameters: time delay, jitter, bandwidth and package loss. As time delay in the Internet is variable, it is hard to compensate it by traditional methods. Event synchronization communication driven method is proposed to overcome the negative effects induced by time delay. This method is a non-time based method and it can get rid of the effects of time in the control loop of telerobotics. Stability, transparency and synchronization can be maintained in it by event-driven method. Multimodal enhanced telerobotics is put forward with its feedback including force, video, audio and temperature etc. The use of multimodal feedback improves the efficiency and safety of the whole system. Synchronization in multimodal feedback is hard to ensure and event-driven method is also good for it. Experiments on an Internet-based shaft-hole assemblage system show good results by using event synchronization communication driven method and UDP protocol.展开更多
Objectives:This study reviewed published randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and evaluated the efficacy of internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy(IACT)on adolescent mental health.Methods:Searches were conducte...Objectives:This study reviewed published randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and evaluated the efficacy of internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy(IACT)on adolescent mental health.Methods:Searches were conducted in PubMed,ProQuest,APA(PsycNET/PsycINFO),and Web of Science from inception to Jan-uary 2022 to identify RCTs evaluating the effects of IACT on adolescents.The included studies were assessed for quality and risk of bias.This study was performed using the standard mean difference and associated 95%confidence interval of effective measures.Review Manager 5.4 software was adopted to calculate the effect size.Results:Compared to adolescents in control groups,those in the IACT groups showed some improvement in the efficacy of depression symptoms(SMD=−0.24,95%CI=[−0.44,−0.05],p=0.01)and had a small but sig-nificant effect on reducing experiential avoidance(SMD=−0.24,95%CI=[−0.46,−0.01],p=0.04).However,the effect size on anxiety did not reach the threshold(SMD=−0.18,95%CI=[−0.27,−0.09],p<0.0001).In addition,there were no significant differences in stress and well-being compared to those of the control group.Compared with universal adolescents,IACT was found to have a more significant therapeutic effect on targeted adolescents.Conclusions:IACT is effective in adolescent mental health interventions,but its clinical reliability and significant efficacy are limited,and more rigorous RCTs are needed in future studies.展开更多
Two significant issues in Internet-based networked control systems （ INCSs）, transport performance of different protocols and security breach from Internet side, are investigated. First, for improving the performanc...Two significant issues in Internet-based networked control systems （ INCSs）, transport performance of different protocols and security breach from Internet side, are investigated. First, for improving the performance of data transmission, user datagram protocol （UDP） is adopted as the main stand for controllers and plants using INCSs. Second, a dual-channel secure transmission scheme （DCSTS）based on data transmission characteristics of INCSs is proposed, in which a raw UDP channel and a secure TCP （transmission control protocol） connection making use of SSL/TLS （secure sockets layer/transport layer security） are included. Further, a networked control protocol （NCP） at application layer for supporting DCSTS between the controllers and plants in INCSs is designed, and it also aims at providing a universal communication mechanism for interoperability of devices among the networked control laboratories in Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Central South University of China and Tokyo University of Technology of Japan. By means of a networked single-degree-of-free- dom robot arm, an INCS under the new protocol and security environment is created. Compared with systems such as IPSec or SSL/TLS, which may cause more than 91% network throughput deduction, the new DCSTS protocol may yield results ten times better, being just 5.67%.展开更多
基金funded by the Education and Teaching Reform Research Major Project of Anhui Province(2022xqhz023)(2023sx170).
文摘Objectives:College students face increasing mental health challenges.Although Acceptance and CommitmentTherapy(ACT)is effective,the efficacy of Internet-based ACT(iACT)needs further exploration.Methods:This study examines the efficacy of iACT on college students’mental health through a randomized controlled trial.We recruited 90 college students(19.16±1.02 years old)and randomly divided them into the iACT group,face-to-face ACT group,and control group.The effects of the interventions were evaluated using the comprehensive assessment of ACT processes(CompACT)and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales(DASS-21).Results:Two-factor repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant time main effect of iACT.Face-to-face ACT and iACT effectively improved college students’psychological flexibility[F(2,83)=18.78,p<0.001,η^(2)=0.18]and alleviated their negative emotions[F(2,82)=41.17,p<0.001,η^(2)=0.36].Face-to-face ACT exhibited sustained effects on improving participants’psychological flexibility and alleviating their negative emotions(p<0.001),while iACT showed no sustained effect on improving participants’psychological flexibility(p>0.05).Conclusion:While iACT and face-to-face ACT are effective shortterm interventions,face-to-face ACT demonstrates superior sustainability.Integrating guided sessions into iACT may enhance long-term outcomes.These findings advocate for blended interventions to address college students’mental health needs,particularly in resource-limited settings.
文摘With the development of internet technology, customers play more and more important roles in new product development. The paper defines customer knowledge; then analyses the modes of customer knowledge transferring based on SECI model and information emission model. Finally customer knowledge transferring mechanism is discussed.
基金Foundation for U niversity Key Teacher bythe Ministry of Education and National Natural Science Founda-tion of China ( No.69875 0 0 4) and 863 High-Tech Plan ( No.2 0 0 1AA42 3 2 40 )
文摘Teleoperation system plays an important role in executing task under hazard environment. As the computer networks such as the Internet are being used as the communication channel of teleoperation system, varying time delay causes the overall system unstable and reduces the performance of transparency. This paper proposed twelve operation modes with different control schemes for teleoperation on the Internet with time delay. And an optimal operation mode with control scheme was specified for teleoperation with time delay, based on the tradeoff between passivity and transparency properties. It experimentally confirmed the validity of the proposed optimal mode and control scheme by using a simple one DOF master-slave manipulator system.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3608602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62404215 and 62574199)Instrument and Equipment Development Project of CAS(Grant No.PTYQ2024TD0003)。
文摘The synthesis of high-quality heteroepitaxial diamond films on iridium composite substrates is a critical step toward advancing diamond for electronic and optical applications.Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition,combined with in situ optical emission spectroscopy,enables precise control over growth modes through plasma parameter tuning.In this study,we examine how methane concentration,microwave power,and gas pressure influence plasma species and,consequently,the growth modes of heteroepitaxial diamond by optical emission spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope.At low nucleation densities,increased methane concentrations promote the transition from faceted polyhedral to ballas structures,driven by elevated C_(2) radical concentrations in the plasma.Conversely,at higher nucleation densities,gas pressure,and substrate temperature dominate growth mode determination,leading to diverse morphologies,such as planar,polycrystalline,octahedral,and step-flow growth.These findings elucidate the interplay among plasma species,growth parameters,and growth mode,offering critical insights for optimizing growth conditions and preparing heteroepitaxial diamond films in a specific growth mode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 42374215,42230209,42374199,42304183,42422406,42174185,72061147004 and 72342001)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(File no.0042/2024/RIA1 and 0008/2024/AKP)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant 2023JJ20038)the Research Project of Science and Technology of Hunan Province(2025JJ10009,2022RC4025,2025QK1004,2023JJ50312,2023JJ50010 and 2024RC9012).
文摘Auroral kilometric radiation(AKR),a fundamental plasma emission in Earth's magnetosphere,exhibits three characteristic modes:the right-handed extraordinary(R-X),left-handed ordinary(L-O)and left-handed extraordinary(L-X)modes.The role of AKR in magnetosphere−ionosphere−atmosphere coupling depends sensitively on its wave mode.While previous studies have primarily focused on the dominant R-X mode,we present the first systematic identification of all three modes using a practical polarization analysis method based on Arase satellite observations.This method employs a spin-axis-relative Ratio:when the satellite's spin axis aligns with the background magnetic field,a positive(negative)Ratio indicates the right-handed(left-handed)polarization,with reversal under anti-parallel conditions.Combined polarization-frequency analysis reveals that R-X,L-O,and L-X modes can exist in both dayside and nightside regions,with power spectral densities up to 10^(-6)mV^(2)m^(-2)Hz^(-1).This study resolves long-standing ambiguities in AKR mode classification and has implications for understanding AKR-induced electron dynamics.
基金jointly supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program[grant number-ber 2019QZKK0103]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42293294]the China Meteorological Admin-istration Climate Change Special Program[grant number QBZ202303]。
文摘Using multi-source reanalysis data,this study examines the relationship between the tropical Pacific-Atlantic SST Dipole Mode(TPA-DM)and summer precipitation in North China(NCSP)on the interannual timescale during the period of 1979-2022.The results show that the TPA-DM,the dominant pattern of interannual variability in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic regions,exhibits a significant negative correlation with NCSP.The positive phase of TPA-DM induces subsidence over the Maritime Continent through a zonal circulation pattern,which initiates a Pacific-Japan-like wave train along the East Asian coast.The circulation anomalies lead to moisture deficits and convergence subsidence over North China,leading to below-normal rainfall.Further analysis reveals that cooler SST in the Southern Tropical Atlantic facilitates the persistence of the TPA-DM by stimulating the anomalous Walker circulation associated with wind-evaporation-SST-convection feedback.
基金the funding provided by the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.201804910634)the Ecology Fund of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences(KNAWWF/807/19039)to Deyi Wang.
文摘Mycorrhizal symbioses are prevalent in terrestrial ecosystems and play essential roles in plant nutrition and health.However,the relative importance of plant evolutionary history,physiology,and eco-geographical factors in shaping mycorrhizal fungal community assembly remains poorly understood.Here,we investigate how plant phylogeny,trophic mode,biogeographic distribution and environmental niche collectively influence the diversity and composition of mycorrhizal fungal communities across the Orchidaceae,spanning broad phylogenetic and ecological scales.By using family-wide orchid-fungal associations and global occurrence data,our analyses showed that the variation in fungal diversity and community structure can be partially explained by orchids’trophic mode,biogeographic distribution and environmental niche,but not by their overall phylogenetic relatedness.Among trophic modes,partially mycoheterotrophic orchids exhibited the highest level of fungal diversity(the lowest level of fungal specificity)in association with a broad range of phylogenetically dispersed fungal partners.Between biogeographical regions,a significantly higher level of fungal specificity was found for orchid species distributed in Australia than those in Eurasia and Africa.Furthermore,multivariate analyses showed that a small portion of the variation in fungal community structure was significantly related to broad climate,soil and vegetation variables,indicating the existence of large-scale habitat filtering on orchid mycorrhizal communities.Altogether,our findings indicate that mycorrhizal communities in the orchid family are likely shaped by multiple,intertwined factors related to orchid ecophysiology and biogeography on a global scale.
基金supported by the Doctoral Research Funds for Nanchang HangKong University,China(Grant No.EA202411211)support is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘This paper introduces a framework for modeling random fields,with a particular emphasis on analyzing anisotropic spatial variability.It establishes a clear connection between the correlation function and the Kriging variogram across various anisotropic modes,providing mathematical models to enhance our understanding of random fields.A new anisotropy index,called LSAI,is introduced to quantify anisotropy based on the autocorrelation length and the orientation of the principal axes within the variogram.An LSAI value closer to one indicates a lower degree of anisotropy.The present study examines how the degree of anisotropy varies with different autocorrelation lengths and angles between the principal axes,providing valuable insights into these relationships.To improve the accuracy of parameter probability distribution estimations,this study integrates limited field test data using a Bayesian inference approach.Additionally,the Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation method is employed to develop a conditional random field(CRF)for the deformation modulus.By incorporating data from field bearing plate tests,the posterior variance data for the deformation modulus are derived.This process facilitates the construction of a detailed and reliable CRF for the deformation modulus.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2342210 and 42275043)the National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of China(Grant Nos.J2223806,ZDJ2024-25 and ZDJ2025-34)。
文摘Climate models are essential for understanding past,present,and future changes in atmospheric circulation,with circulation modes providing key sources of seasonal predictability and prediction uncertainties for both global and regional climates.This study assesses the performance of models participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project in simulating interannual variability modes of Northern Hemisphere 500-hPa geopotential height during winter and summer,distinguishing predictable(potentially predictable on seasonal or longer timescales)and unpredictable(intraseasonal and essentially unpredictable at long range)components,using reanalysis data and a variance decomposition method.Although most models effectively capture unpredictable modes in reanalysis,their ability to reproduce dominant predictable modes-specifically the Pacific-North American pattern,Arctic Oscillation,and Western Pacific Oscillation in winter,and the East Atlantic and North Atlantic Oscillations in summer-varies notably.An optimal ensemble is identified to distinguish(a)predictable-external modes,dominated by external forcing,and(b)predictable-internal modes,associated with slow internal variability,during the historical period(1950-2014)and the SSP5-8.5 scenario(2036-2100).Under increased radiative forcing,the leading winter/summer predictable-external mode exhibits a more uniform spatial distribution,remarkably larger trend and annual variance,and enhanced height-sea surface temperature(SST)covariance under SSP5-8.5 compared to historical conditions.The dominant winter/summer predictable-internal modes also exhibit increased variance and height-SST covariance under SSP5-8.5,along with localized changes in spatial configuration.Minimal changes are observed in spatial distribution or variance for dominant winter/summer unpredictable modes under SSP5-8.5.This study,from a predictive perspective,deepens our understanding of model uncertainties and projected changes in circulations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42406256,42376034,and 42430402)the Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Project(No.QDBSH20220202152)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFA0605701)the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration(No.IRASCC2020-2022-02-01-03)。
文摘The subantarctic mode water(SAMW)represents a large water mass in the Southern Ocean.This body of water forms through deep convection(subduction)in winter and contributes to the uptake and storage of anthropogenic heat.However,its longterm changes in subduction rate and volume in response to shifting climate conditions are unclear.In this study,we investigated the long-term trend of the subduction rate and volume of the South Pacific–SAMW(SPSAMW)using Simple Ocean Data Assimilation outputs during 1980–2017.The results show the overall increasing trend of the subduction rate of the SPSAMW.The increased subduction of the SPSAMW directly contributes to the volume variation in the SPSAMW.The increased subduction in the South Pacific reached(0.28±0.16)Sv-1 per year,which explains nearly 68%of the volume increase in the SPSAMW.This variability in the SPSAMW reflects alterations in the overlying atmosphere.The positive to negative phase change of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation(IPO)in 1980–2017 deepened the Amundsen Sea Low(ASL)via atmospheric teleconnections over the South Pacific.Further analysis reveals that the increased westerly winds during the deepening of ASL resulted in more cold water transport from the south,which deepened the winter mixed layer and thus increased subduction and volume within the SPSAMW subduction region.This finding suggests the association of the long-term trends of SPSAMW subduction and volume with the phase change of the IPO.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42293270,42530712)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42401334).
文摘The spatial organization of urban-rural systems is fundamentally shaped by the agglomeration and diffusion effects inherent in human-Earth processes,giving rise to distinct gradient-based and hierarchical structures.Understanding the complexity of these interactions and their multidimensional drivers is essential for deciphering the mechanisms of integrated urban-rural development.Here,we apply a novel hierarchical spatial system framework based on the human-Earth system,combining social network analysis and multi-level modeling,to examine the evolution of the socio-spatial structure in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2000 to 2020.We developed a comprehensive evaluation system spanning economic,social,environmental,and infrastructural dimensions to characterize spatial patterns across multiple network levels,including city clusters,metropolitan areas,municipal-counties,towns,and villages.Our analysis reveals three key findings:First,the density of foundational network connections increased significantly,reflecting a trend toward spatial concentration driven by policy-led regional integration.Second,network structures at the city-cluster and metropolitan scales exhibited a pattern of“initial expansion followed by convergence”,accompanied by notable shifts in their spatial centers of gravity.In parallel,differentiated patterns of agglomeration and expansion were evident in the township-and village-level networks of Baoding,Tangshan,and Handan,while village-level networks in Anxin,Quyang,and other locations demonstrated distinct developmental trends.Third,community structures demonstrated strong functional homophily and interactive cohesion across multiple dimensions,with metropolitan and township communities undergoing restructuring that reflects a reconfiguration of cross-level influence and functional coupling.Spatially,the system manifests as a gradient structure of interwoven point,line,and area networks,establishing a mechanism for functional differentiation and transmission from rural to urban areas.This study provides theoretical foundations and methodological support for understanding the spatial organization logic of integrated urban-rural development,offering practical reference value for advancing regional coordination and rural revitalization in a scientifically informed manner.
基金supported by the Zhenjiang Key R&D Plan(GY2021009)Lianyungang City Major Technology Breakthrough(CGJBGS2104)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(12302456)National Key Laboratory Foundation of Science and Technology on Materials under Shock and Impact under Grant(6142902241601)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grants(2025M774217)。
文摘Flexible materials play a crucial role in protecting against behind armour blunt trauma(BABT).However,their compliance complicates the understanding of failure mechanisms and energy absorption.This study used a combined experimental and numerical approach to investigate the response and failure modes of a flexible ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)foam protective sandwich structure(UFPSS)under low-velocity impact(LVI).A finite element(FE)model,accounting for nonlinear large deformation and strain-rate-dependent material behavior,was developed for a woven-UFPSS(featuring a plain-woven fabric structure)subjected to a 50 J impact.Experimental and numerical results showed strong agreement in peak force(error<5%),maximum displacement(error<6%),and buffer time(error<8%).The impact's kinetic energy was mainly converted into internal energy of the fabric and foam materials(~50%),viscous dissipation in the foam core(12%-15%),frictional work at the contact interfaces(5%-6%),and work by the pneumatic fixture clamping force(~38%).This study provides the first investigation of the LVI performance of sandwich structures with all soft material layers,offering significant insights for the application of compliant materials in protective fields.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number U24A20135Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation major project,grant number 2023ZD12+7 种基金Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region key research and development and achievement transformation plan project,grant number 2023YFHH0090Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia,grant number 2022MS05006Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Talent Development FundUniversity basic research business expenses,grant number 2023RCTD012University basic research business expenses,grant number 2023QNJS075Postgraduate Research Innovation Program and of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,grant number KC2024053BUniversity basic research business expenses,grant number 2024YXXS012National Key Laboratory of Special Vehicle Design and Manufacturing Integration Technology,grant number GZ2023KF012.
文摘In dry-coupled ultrasonic thickness measurement,thick rubber layers introduce high-amplitude parasitic echoes that obscure defect signals and degrade thickness accuracy.Existing methods struggle to resolve overlap-ping echoes under variable coupling conditions and non-stationary noise.This study proposes a novel dual-criterion framework integrating energy contribution and statistical impulsivity metrics to isolate specimen re-flections from coupling-layer interference.By decomposing A-scan signals into Intrinsic Mode Functions(IMFs),the framework employs energy contribution thresholds(>85%)and kurtosis indices(>3)to autonomously select IMFs containing valid specimen echoes.Hybrid time-frequency thresholding further suppresses interference through amplitude filtering and spectral focusing.Experimental results demonstrate the framework’s robustness,achieving 92.3%thickness accuracy for 5 mm steel specimens with 5 mm rubber coupling,outperforming conventional methods by up to 18.7%.The dual-criterion approach reduces operator dependency by 37%and maintainsΔT<0.03 mm under surface roughness up to 6.3μm,offering a practical solution for industrial nondestructive testing with thick dry-coupled interfaces.
文摘Background:The easy accessibility,increasing usage,and low cost of internet make it a desirable way of providing health information and delivering interventions for health consumers.Studies in other countries have verified and confirmed the effectiveness of internet-based interventions among people with mental health problems.Similar programs have yet to commence in China.Purpose:This study investigated the willingness for,and attitude toward internet-based intervention in Chinese mental health service users and explored the feasibility of such an intervention.Methods:A cross-sectional survey utilizing a self-developed questionnaire was administered to 186 mental health service users in Beijing,between April and May 2011.Results:Most participants held a positive attitude toward online information and expressed interest in getting assistance from the internet.Some advice and suggestions were provided such as more ways of getting assistance,setting up more professional websites,increasing interaction,as well as having government funding and guidance.Conclusion:Internet-based programs are feasible and applicable,and worth implementing with Chinese people with mental illness.
文摘Manufacture is facing more furiously competition in the new century. It tends to be globalized. Rapid response and technology innovation have become the key factor to the success of manufacture enterprise. At present, internet-based manufacturing develops rapidly. With the development of engineering material and machining techniques, better cutting properties of metal cutting tools are required. The world is paying more attention to the study of indexable carbide inserts with three-dimensional complex grooves which can affect cutting properties directly and chip-controlling. So the variety and specification of indexable insert develop quickly and the application of insert with three-dimensional complex chip-former becomes wider and wider. Because milling is an interrupted cutting, the process of milling is complicated and the failure of the milling inserts is severe. It is important to choose suitable milling inserts groove for particular machining conditions before actual machining, it will extend tool life and raise productivity. Optimization and choice of inserts with complex groove via internet may serve for manufacture enterprises all over the world. The milling inserts with three-dimensional complex grooves are optimized and chosen via Internet in this paper. The face-milling process is studied, with the mathematics models of cutting force for different shape of cutting edges established, the cutting forces predicted and stress-fields of different insert grooves analyzed by FEM, according to the predictable results and the most suitable insert groove for particular machining conditions are optimized and chosen. The complex groove optimization and choice are based on a client/server model, with the client and server being on different machines across the internet. Communication between the client and server uses the TCP/IP. The result of optimization and choice will be sent to the users via Internet. Manufacturers all over the world can get the desired insert groove without paying for expensive experiments. Thus, the cost and lead time of products are reduced.
文摘There is a documented and often unmet need for interventions aimed at supporting young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in their transition between adolescence and adulthood. Difficulties with social interaction, initiation difficulties, and impairments in executive function can complicate visits at a clinic, i.e. traditional treatment, for individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD). A model for internet-based support and coaching aimed at young people with ASD and/or ADHD was developed and tested at three treatment sites in western Sweden. The implementation was analyzed against an inventory according to which implementations are more likely to be successful if an intervention: 1) has advantages compared to other existing methods, 2) matches the individual and organizational values, norms and work practices of its recipients, 3) is perceived as easy to use, and 4) is adaptable to local conditions and the recipients’ needs. Data were collected through group interviews with professionals involved in the implementation of the intervention. The implementation of the intervention showed promising results on measures such as access, delivery/quality of healthcare services, and equality of distribution of healthcare services. The identified impediments to successful implementation related to a wide range of factors and levels, including the design of the intervention, technical issues, attitudes of staff, organizational culture, and organizational structure at the implementation sites in terms of patient stock, work division, and resource allocation. The results are consistent with previous studies that stress the need for multi-component implementation strategies.
文摘Based on QoS (quality of service) parameters: time delay, jitter, bandwidth and package loss. As time delay in the Internet is variable, it is hard to compensate it by traditional methods. Event synchronization communication driven method is proposed to overcome the negative effects induced by time delay. This method is a non-time based method and it can get rid of the effects of time in the control loop of telerobotics. Stability, transparency and synchronization can be maintained in it by event-driven method. Multimodal enhanced telerobotics is put forward with its feedback including force, video, audio and temperature etc. The use of multimodal feedback improves the efficiency and safety of the whole system. Synchronization in multimodal feedback is hard to ensure and event-driven method is also good for it. Experiments on an Internet-based shaft-hole assemblage system show good results by using event synchronization communication driven method and UDP protocol.
基金the Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Base Project of Anhui Province(SK2017A0278).
文摘Objectives:This study reviewed published randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and evaluated the efficacy of internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy(IACT)on adolescent mental health.Methods:Searches were conducted in PubMed,ProQuest,APA(PsycNET/PsycINFO),and Web of Science from inception to Jan-uary 2022 to identify RCTs evaluating the effects of IACT on adolescents.The included studies were assessed for quality and risk of bias.This study was performed using the standard mean difference and associated 95%confidence interval of effective measures.Review Manager 5.4 software was adopted to calculate the effect size.Results:Compared to adolescents in control groups,those in the IACT groups showed some improvement in the efficacy of depression symptoms(SMD=−0.24,95%CI=[−0.44,−0.05],p=0.01)and had a small but sig-nificant effect on reducing experiential avoidance(SMD=−0.24,95%CI=[−0.46,−0.01],p=0.04).However,the effect size on anxiety did not reach the threshold(SMD=−0.18,95%CI=[−0.27,−0.09],p<0.0001).In addition,there were no significant differences in stress and well-being compared to those of the control group.Compared with universal adolescents,IACT was found to have a more significant therapeutic effect on targeted adolescents.Conclusions:IACT is effective in adolescent mental health interventions,but its clinical reliability and significant efficacy are limited,and more rigorous RCTs are needed in future studies.
文摘Two significant issues in Internet-based networked control systems （ INCSs）, transport performance of different protocols and security breach from Internet side, are investigated. First, for improving the performance of data transmission, user datagram protocol （UDP） is adopted as the main stand for controllers and plants using INCSs. Second, a dual-channel secure transmission scheme （DCSTS）based on data transmission characteristics of INCSs is proposed, in which a raw UDP channel and a secure TCP （transmission control protocol） connection making use of SSL/TLS （secure sockets layer/transport layer security） are included. Further, a networked control protocol （NCP） at application layer for supporting DCSTS between the controllers and plants in INCSs is designed, and it also aims at providing a universal communication mechanism for interoperability of devices among the networked control laboratories in Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Central South University of China and Tokyo University of Technology of Japan. By means of a networked single-degree-of-free- dom robot arm, an INCS under the new protocol and security environment is created. Compared with systems such as IPSec or SSL/TLS, which may cause more than 91% network throughput deduction, the new DCSTS protocol may yield results ten times better, being just 5.67%.
