With the advent of the digital economy,there has been a rapid proliferation of small-scale Internet data centers(SIDCs).By leveraging their spatiotemporal load regulation potential through data workload balancing,aggr...With the advent of the digital economy,there has been a rapid proliferation of small-scale Internet data centers(SIDCs).By leveraging their spatiotemporal load regulation potential through data workload balancing,aggregated SIDCs have emerged as promising demand response(DR)resources for future power distribution systems.This paper presents an innovative framework for assessing capacity value(CV)by aggregating SIDCs participating in DR programs(SIDC-DR).Initially,we delineate the concept of CV tailored for aggregated SIDC scenarios and establish a metric for the assessment.Considering the effects of the data load dynamics,equipment constraints,and user behavior,we developed a sophisticated DR model for aggregated SIDCs using a data network aggregation method.Unlike existing studies,the proposed model captures the uncertainties associated with end tenant decisions to opt into an SIDC-DR program by utilizing a novel uncertainty modeling approach called Z-number formulation.This approach accounts for both the uncertainty in user participation intentions and the reliability of basic information during the DR process,enabling high-resolution profiling of the SIDC-DR potential in the CV evaluation.Simulation results from numerical studies conducted on a modified IEEE-33 node distribution system confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach and highlighted the potential benefits of SIDC-DR utilization in the efficient operation of future power systems.展开更多
The development of cloud computing has accel-erated the worldwide growth of internet data centers(IDCs).While a large portion of the energy consumption generated by intense computation introduces greater operation exp...The development of cloud computing has accel-erated the worldwide growth of internet data centers(IDCs).While a large portion of the energy consumption generated by intense computation introduces greater operation expenditures to the IDC enterprises.To manage the overall costs and utilize resources to their fullest extent,this paper introduces the concept of spatio-temporal workload allocation among the geographically distributed IDCs within a cloud,with the guarantee of the workload completion time and the consideration of computing service delay penalties by introducing the cost of inconvenience.Apart from the effort of the workload migration,the spatio-temporal variance of the renewable energies in the data center microgrids(DMGs)is fully considered in this paper.What's more,as the power consumed by the IDCs are primarily converted into heat,the waste heat recovery process is embedded in each IDC to demonstrate the effectiveness of the repurposed heat,which can be used by the residential heating demand in the thermal system,for total cost reduction and energy usage efficiency in the whole operating system.Applying real-life data traces of the electricity price,renewable energies and heating demand,these extensive evaluations demonstrate that both spatial and temporal complementary attempts on the supply side and demand side,along with power and thermal complementary efforts,can significantly reduce the overall cost for the IDC enterprise.展开更多
Internet data center buildings have great importance for maintaining the post-earthquake functionality of telecommunication networks.It is essential to maintain the functionality of internet data center buildings duri...Internet data center buildings have great importance for maintaining the post-earthquake functionality of telecommunication networks.It is essential to maintain the functionality of internet data center buildings during earthquakes or recover immediately after earthquakes,which is referred to as seismic resilience.In this study,a seismic resilience assessment framework based on the Chinese code GB/T 38591-2020 is introduced first.The seismic damage and post-earthquake repair of both structural components and non-structural components are considered in the resilience assessment framework.A method for post-earthquake functionality loss quantification is proposed based on damage state and functionality loss of component.The subsystem level and system level functionality loss can be obtained by an integration principle.The seismic resilience of a typical internet data center building was evaluated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.To enhance the seismic resilience level,different disaster mitigation techniques including the energy dissipation technology using buckling restrained braces and the base-isolation technology using lead-rubber bearings are adopted.The seismic resilience is quantified and the corresponding seismic resilience curves under different earthquake intensities are developed based on evaluation results.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52177082in part by the Beijing Nova Program under Grant 20220484007.
文摘With the advent of the digital economy,there has been a rapid proliferation of small-scale Internet data centers(SIDCs).By leveraging their spatiotemporal load regulation potential through data workload balancing,aggregated SIDCs have emerged as promising demand response(DR)resources for future power distribution systems.This paper presents an innovative framework for assessing capacity value(CV)by aggregating SIDCs participating in DR programs(SIDC-DR).Initially,we delineate the concept of CV tailored for aggregated SIDC scenarios and establish a metric for the assessment.Considering the effects of the data load dynamics,equipment constraints,and user behavior,we developed a sophisticated DR model for aggregated SIDCs using a data network aggregation method.Unlike existing studies,the proposed model captures the uncertainties associated with end tenant decisions to opt into an SIDC-DR program by utilizing a novel uncertainty modeling approach called Z-number formulation.This approach accounts for both the uncertainty in user participation intentions and the reliability of basic information during the DR process,enabling high-resolution profiling of the SIDC-DR potential in the CV evaluation.Simulation results from numerical studies conducted on a modified IEEE-33 node distribution system confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach and highlighted the potential benefits of SIDC-DR utilization in the efficient operation of future power systems.
基金This work was supported in part by the Support Project by the Ministry of Science and Technology of State Grid Corporation of China under Grant SGBJDK00KJJS1900085the World Bank China Renewable Energy Development Project Management Office.
文摘The development of cloud computing has accel-erated the worldwide growth of internet data centers(IDCs).While a large portion of the energy consumption generated by intense computation introduces greater operation expenditures to the IDC enterprises.To manage the overall costs and utilize resources to their fullest extent,this paper introduces the concept of spatio-temporal workload allocation among the geographically distributed IDCs within a cloud,with the guarantee of the workload completion time and the consideration of computing service delay penalties by introducing the cost of inconvenience.Apart from the effort of the workload migration,the spatio-temporal variance of the renewable energies in the data center microgrids(DMGs)is fully considered in this paper.What's more,as the power consumed by the IDCs are primarily converted into heat,the waste heat recovery process is embedded in each IDC to demonstrate the effectiveness of the repurposed heat,which can be used by the residential heating demand in the thermal system,for total cost reduction and energy usage efficiency in the whole operating system.Applying real-life data traces of the electricity price,renewable energies and heating demand,these extensive evaluations demonstrate that both spatial and temporal complementary attempts on the supply side and demand side,along with power and thermal complementary efforts,can significantly reduce the overall cost for the IDC enterprise.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Plan,China(2019YFE0112700)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M701937)+2 种基金National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(52125806)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51908519)Shuimu Tsinghua Scholar Program(2021SM005)。
文摘Internet data center buildings have great importance for maintaining the post-earthquake functionality of telecommunication networks.It is essential to maintain the functionality of internet data center buildings during earthquakes or recover immediately after earthquakes,which is referred to as seismic resilience.In this study,a seismic resilience assessment framework based on the Chinese code GB/T 38591-2020 is introduced first.The seismic damage and post-earthquake repair of both structural components and non-structural components are considered in the resilience assessment framework.A method for post-earthquake functionality loss quantification is proposed based on damage state and functionality loss of component.The subsystem level and system level functionality loss can be obtained by an integration principle.The seismic resilience of a typical internet data center building was evaluated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.To enhance the seismic resilience level,different disaster mitigation techniques including the energy dissipation technology using buckling restrained braces and the base-isolation technology using lead-rubber bearings are adopted.The seismic resilience is quantified and the corresponding seismic resilience curves under different earthquake intensities are developed based on evaluation results.
