An internal-external fixator for stabilization in three cases with unstable pelvic fractures were reported. Compared with external fixation, the internal-external fixator, which is placed in the subcutaneous layer, de...An internal-external fixator for stabilization in three cases with unstable pelvic fractures were reported. Compared with external fixation, the internal-external fixator, which is placed in the subcutaneous layer, decreased the risk of pin-track infection, pin site pain, and bowel obstruction; meanwhile, it had the advantage of external fixation： it was easy to apply, controlled damage, and resulted in minimal injury.展开更多
According to the combination of the complementary medium and transformation optics, the shape of two-dimensional (2D) internal-external cloaks has been generalized into any geometry to adapt to the variety of object s...According to the combination of the complementary medium and transformation optics, the shape of two-dimensional (2D) internal-external cloaks has been generalized into any geometry to adapt to the variety of object shapes. In order to adapt to the practical application, some approximations have been introduced to eliminate the infinite singularity of the parameters in the compressed region by adjusting the principle sketch out of the plane. Firstly, the general parameter equations of the nonsingular cloak with arbitrary cross-section are deduced strictly by the mathematical method based on coordinate transformations in the cylindrical coordinate system. Secondly, taking into account the discontinuous property of the curve functions of arbitrary polygons, a supplementary investigation is given for the nonsingular cloak with arbitrary polygonal cross-section. The transformations in the supplementary study are carried out in the Cartesian coordinate system directly and referred to the coordinates of the polygon's vertices rather than the curve function of the polygon. Last, the invisibility effect of the corresponding cloak is studied by full-wave simulations based on the finite element method. The applicable scope of the 2D internal-external cloak is expanded greatly by the methods and results given in this paper.展开更多
BACKGROUND Palliative endoscopic biliary drainage is the primary treatment option for the management of patients with jaundice which results from distal malignant biliary obstruction(DMBO).In this group of patients,de...BACKGROUND Palliative endoscopic biliary drainage is the primary treatment option for the management of patients with jaundice which results from distal malignant biliary obstruction(DMBO).In this group of patients,decompression of the bile duct(BD)allows for pain reduction,symptom relief,chemotherapy administration,improved quality of life,and increased survival rate.To reduce the unfavorable effects of BD decompression,minimally invasive surgical techniques require continuous improvement.AIM To develop a technique for internal-external biliary-jejunal drainage(IEBJD)and assess its effectiveness in comparison to other minimally invasive procedures in the palliative treatment of patients with DMBO.METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed,which included 134 patients with DMBO who underwent palliative BD decompression.Biliary-jejunal drainage was developed to divert bile from the BD directly into the initial loops of the small intestine to prevent duodeno-biliary reflux.IEBJD was carried out using percutaneous transhepatic access.Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD),endoscopic retrograde biliary stenting(ERBS),and internal-external transpapillary biliary drainage (IETBD) were used for the treatment of studypatients. Endpoints of the study were the clinical success of the procedure, the frequency andnature of complications, and the cumulative survival rate.RESULTSThere were no significant differences in the frequency of minor complications between the studygroups. Significant complications occurred in 5 (17.2%) patients in the IEBJD group, in 16 (64.0%)in the ERBS group, in 9 (47.4%) in the IETBD group, and in 12 (17.4%) in the PTBD group.Cholangitis was the most common severe complication. In the IEBJD group, the course ofcholangitis was characterized by a delayed onset and shorter duration as compared to other studygroups. The cumulative survival rate of patients who underwent IEBJD was 2.6 times higher incomparison to those of the PTBD and IETBD groups and 20% higher in comparison to that of theERBS group.CONCLUSIONIEBJD has advantages over other minimally invasive BD decompression techniques and can berecommended for the palliative treatment of patients with DMBO.展开更多
文摘An internal-external fixator for stabilization in three cases with unstable pelvic fractures were reported. Compared with external fixation, the internal-external fixator, which is placed in the subcutaneous layer, decreased the risk of pin-track infection, pin site pain, and bowel obstruction; meanwhile, it had the advantage of external fixation： it was easy to apply, controlled damage, and resulted in minimal injury.
文摘According to the combination of the complementary medium and transformation optics, the shape of two-dimensional (2D) internal-external cloaks has been generalized into any geometry to adapt to the variety of object shapes. In order to adapt to the practical application, some approximations have been introduced to eliminate the infinite singularity of the parameters in the compressed region by adjusting the principle sketch out of the plane. Firstly, the general parameter equations of the nonsingular cloak with arbitrary cross-section are deduced strictly by the mathematical method based on coordinate transformations in the cylindrical coordinate system. Secondly, taking into account the discontinuous property of the curve functions of arbitrary polygons, a supplementary investigation is given for the nonsingular cloak with arbitrary polygonal cross-section. The transformations in the supplementary study are carried out in the Cartesian coordinate system directly and referred to the coordinates of the polygon's vertices rather than the curve function of the polygon. Last, the invisibility effect of the corresponding cloak is studied by full-wave simulations based on the finite element method. The applicable scope of the 2D internal-external cloak is expanded greatly by the methods and results given in this paper.
文摘BACKGROUND Palliative endoscopic biliary drainage is the primary treatment option for the management of patients with jaundice which results from distal malignant biliary obstruction(DMBO).In this group of patients,decompression of the bile duct(BD)allows for pain reduction,symptom relief,chemotherapy administration,improved quality of life,and increased survival rate.To reduce the unfavorable effects of BD decompression,minimally invasive surgical techniques require continuous improvement.AIM To develop a technique for internal-external biliary-jejunal drainage(IEBJD)and assess its effectiveness in comparison to other minimally invasive procedures in the palliative treatment of patients with DMBO.METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed,which included 134 patients with DMBO who underwent palliative BD decompression.Biliary-jejunal drainage was developed to divert bile from the BD directly into the initial loops of the small intestine to prevent duodeno-biliary reflux.IEBJD was carried out using percutaneous transhepatic access.Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD),endoscopic retrograde biliary stenting(ERBS),and internal-external transpapillary biliary drainage (IETBD) were used for the treatment of studypatients. Endpoints of the study were the clinical success of the procedure, the frequency andnature of complications, and the cumulative survival rate.RESULTSThere were no significant differences in the frequency of minor complications between the studygroups. Significant complications occurred in 5 (17.2%) patients in the IEBJD group, in 16 (64.0%)in the ERBS group, in 9 (47.4%) in the IETBD group, and in 12 (17.4%) in the PTBD group.Cholangitis was the most common severe complication. In the IEBJD group, the course ofcholangitis was characterized by a delayed onset and shorter duration as compared to other studygroups. The cumulative survival rate of patients who underwent IEBJD was 2.6 times higher incomparison to those of the PTBD and IETBD groups and 20% higher in comparison to that of theERBS group.CONCLUSIONIEBJD has advantages over other minimally invasive BD decompression techniques and can berecommended for the palliative treatment of patients with DMBO.
