In this paper, based on the idea of finite element method, the initial parametric method in bending, problem of a beam is extended to analyse the bar-system structure by employing Dirac function and llcavisidc step fu...In this paper, based on the idea of finite element method, the initial parametric method in bending, problem of a beam is extended to analyse the bar-system structure by employing Dirac function and llcavisidc step function.Then a new method for analysing the internal forces and deformations of bar-system structure in space is suggested by improving the mixed method in statically indeterminate structure.The inferred process and obtained answer will be more succinct and accurate when the problem of internal forces and deformations of bar-system structure is analysed by using the new method provided in this paper.展开更多
Released in September 2024 by an oversight committee of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA),a safety report about the International Space Station(ISS)cited,in addition to 50 other“areas of conc...Released in September 2024 by an oversight committee of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA),a safety report about the International Space Station(ISS)cited,in addition to 50 other“areas of concern,”a troublesome leak first detected six years ago in one of the station’s modules[1].Given the persistent leak,called“a top safety risk”[2],and the fact that the space sta-tion has outlived its original life expectancy by more than 10 years,the agency’s current plans call for decommissioning the ISS in 2031 by dragging it into the Pacific Ocean[3].展开更多
On 5 June 2024,after many delays,Boeing(Arlington,VA,USA)launched the inaugural crewed flight of its conical Starliner space-craft(Fig.1)[1].But the mission did not finish as planned.Multiple technical problems emerge...On 5 June 2024,after many delays,Boeing(Arlington,VA,USA)launched the inaugural crewed flight of its conical Starliner space-craft(Fig.1)[1].But the mission did not finish as planned.Multiple technical problems emerged,and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)three months later had the spacecraft return from the International Space Station(ISS)empty,further stranding its crew of two astronauts at the orbital outpost until they could be rescued with another craft.展开更多
As space activities become increasingly central to global technological and strategic agendas,developing countries are expressing growing interest in acquiring indigenous space capabilities.However,traditional models ...As space activities become increasingly central to global technological and strategic agendas,developing countries are expressing growing interest in acquiring indigenous space capabilities.However,traditional models of international space cooperation-such as satellite exports and technical joint ventures-often fail to align with the resource constraints and capacity needs of these nations.In response,spacefaring countries like Japan and India have implemented innovative,small-scale capacity-building initiatives that offer training,satellite design experience,and in-orbit deployment opportunities to emerging space actors.This study systematically examines these representative programs,identifies their defining characteristics-including cost-efficiency,full financial support,and strong international legitimacy-and assesses their broader diplomatic and strategic impact.Building on this empirical foundation,the study argues for the strategic relevance of space capacity-building as a potential new model of China’s international space cooperation.Through a tripartite analytical framework of rationale,necessity,and feasibility,the study demonstrates that China possesses both the infrastructural foundation and imperative to adopt this model.It further proposes actionable recommendations to institutionalize capacity-building programs,integrate them into flagship national space missions,and align them with China’s broader foreign policy visions.Ultimately,space capacity-building cooperation is positioned as a low-risk,high-impact approach to fostering trust,expanding influence,and promoting global space governance.展开更多
As humanity ventures deeper into space,our challenges become increasingly complex.Space medicine,once confi ned to ensuring the health and safety of astronauts on low-Earth orbit missions,is now tasked with ensuring t...As humanity ventures deeper into space,our challenges become increasingly complex.Space medicine,once confi ned to ensuring the health and safety of astronauts on low-Earth orbit missions,is now tasked with ensuring the health and safety of astronauts embarking on extended missions to the Moon,Mars,and beyond.Th e advancement of space medicine and the conduct of in-orbit medical experiments not only determine the boundaries of human exploration of the cosmos but also provide new insights that can benefi t human health on Earth.展开更多
The experience of the mankind in studying the planet of our own, is long and the progress is accelerated. From the numerous geographic adventures organized in the past thousand years came only the brief knowledge of t...The experience of the mankind in studying the planet of our own, is long and the progress is accelerated. From the numerous geographic adventures organized in the past thousand years came only the brief knowledge of the outline of the land and ocean; with the scientific explorations and topographic mapping activities done in the 300-plus years that followed, only about 30% of the land got mapped. But things have been changed greatly since the beginning of the century, when the air planes were put into use for mapping: up to 1950’s, the mapped areas had gone up to 70%; From 1957, a series of resource and environment satellites have been launched one after another,observing the globe, giving coverage of it and providing endlessly varieties of information about the seas and the lands day and night.展开更多
The slow progress and lack of fundamental breakthroughs in legislative practices are an important subject for China's space legislation. Oriented by the idea to formulate China's space law as soon as possible,...The slow progress and lack of fundamental breakthroughs in legislative practices are an important subject for China's space legislation. Oriented by the idea to formulate China's space law as soon as possible, it is necessary to solve five key issues. In the national policy, it is needful not only to implement China's space policy and promote the development of the space industry in depth, but also to advance the deep integration of military and civil application in space field. In terms of legal orientation, three features should be reflected upon, including the functional integration of public and private laws, the balance of regulation by substantive and procedural laws, and the effective coordination of domestic and international laws. To this end, both top-level design and implementation should be paid close attention to in order to achieve significant progress in China's space legislation.展开更多
(November 2009 Beijing, China) STUDY THE TECHNOLOGY OF SPACE INFORMATION EXPLORE THE FUTURE OF HUMAN KINDSponsored by China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) Co-sponsored by The Second Academy of China Aerospace Scie...(November 2009 Beijing, China) STUDY THE TECHNOLOGY OF SPACE INFORMATION EXPLORE THE FUTURE OF HUMAN KINDSponsored by China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) Co-sponsored by The Second Academy of China Aerospace Science and展开更多
Mr. Chairman, distinguished colleagues and vips, ladies and gentlemen, It is a great pleasure, also a privilege for me to address this august body which is a high-level gathering attended by top experts of the world...Mr. Chairman, distinguished colleagues and vips, ladies and gentlemen, It is a great pleasure, also a privilege for me to address this august body which is a high-level gathering attended by top experts of the world and practitioners with authority in management, operational, business matters in both air and space utilization and their legal aspects. Your presence will undoubtedly increase the brilliance of展开更多
At the Third Deep Space Exploration(Tiandu)International Conference in Hefei,Anhui province,on September 5,Wu Weiren,chief designer of China's lunar exploration program and a member of the Chinese Academy of Engin...At the Third Deep Space Exploration(Tiandu)International Conference in Hefei,Anhui province,on September 5,Wu Weiren,chief designer of China's lunar exploration program and a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,revealed plans for the country to conduct a kinetic impact demonstration mission targeting an asteroid.The mission,which will follow a“fly-by,impact and follow-up fly-by”model,will use AI to help execute the operation.展开更多
It is been shown that spaceflight-induced molecular,cellular,and physiologic changes cause alterations across many modalities of the human body,including cardiovascular,musculoskeletal,hematological,immunological,ocul...It is been shown that spaceflight-induced molecular,cellular,and physiologic changes cause alterations across many modalities of the human body,including cardiovascular,musculoskeletal,hematological,immunological,ocular,and neurological systems.The Twin Study,a multi-year,multi-omic study of human response to spaceflight,provided detailed and comprehensive molecular and cellular maps of the human response to radiation,microgravity,isolation,and stress.These rich data identified epigenetic,gene expression,inflammatory,and metabolic responses to spaceflight,facilitating a better biomedical roadmap of features that should be monitored and safe-guarded in upcoming missions.Further,by exploring new developments in pre-clinical models and clinical trials,we can begin to design potential cellular interventions for exploration-class missions to Mars and potentially farther.This paper will discuss the overall risks astronauts face during spaceflight,what is currently known about human response to these risks,what pharmaceutical interventions exist for use in space,and which tools of precision medicine and cellular engineering could be applied to aerospace and astronaut medicine.展开更多
Many simulated micro-gravity(micro-G)experiments on earth suggest that micro-G conditions are not compatible with early mammalian embryo development.Recently,the first two“space embryo”studies have been published sh...Many simulated micro-gravity(micro-G)experiments on earth suggest that micro-G conditions are not compatible with early mammalian embryo development.Recently,the first two“space embryo”studies have been published showing that early mouse embryo development can occur in real microgravity(real micro-G)conditions in orbit.In the first of these studies,published in 2020,Lei and collaborators developed automated mini-incubator(AMI)devices for mouse embryos facilitating cultivation,microscopic observation,and fixation1.Within these AMI apparatuses,3400 non-frozen 2-cell embryos were launched in a recoverable satellite,experiencing sustained microgravity(~0.001G)for 64 h post-orbit before fixation in space and recovery on earth.In a subsequent study,in 2023,Wakayama and colleagues2 devised Embryo Thawing and Culturing(ETC)devices,enabling manual thawing,cultivation,and fixation of frozen 2-cell mouse embryos by a trained astronaut aboard the International Space Station(ISS).Within the ETCs,a total of 7202-cell mouse embryos underwent thawing and cultivation for 4 days on the ISS,subject to either microgravity(n=360)and simulated-1G(n=360)conditions.The primary findings from both space embryo experiments indicate that mouse embryos can progress through embryogenesis from the 2-cell stage to the blastocyst stage under real micro-G conditions with few defects.Collectively,these studies propose the potential for mammalian reproduction under real micro-G conditions,challenging earlier simulated micro-G research suggesting otherwise.展开更多
High-temperature warnings frequently occurred at the Power Distribution System(PDS)of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer(AMS).To investigate the fundamental reasons,a theoretical model for the AMS PDS was established und...High-temperature warnings frequently occurred at the Power Distribution System(PDS)of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer(AMS).To investigate the fundamental reasons,a theoretical model for the AMS PDS was established under the International Space Station(ISS)normal and special operating conditions.With the model,the study investigated the external heat fluxes and the temperature responses of the PDS.The effects of ISS special operations on the PDS’s thermal environment were also investigated.Results reveal that the total external heat flux at the PDS reaches its maximum value when the angleβis around–25°,where high-temperature warning frequently occurs.Under the ISS normal operating condition,the temperature response hysteresis at the PDS varies from 116 s to 230 s.When the ISS performed special operations,locking the ISS solar arrays had the greatest influence on the PDS’s external heat fluxes,and the average temperature at the PDS fell by 1.7°C.When the ISS performed multiple special operations,simultaneously locking the ISS solar arrays and adjusting the ISS flight attitude were the most frequent operations,of which the influences on the PDS temperature were the largest,i.e.,the changes in peak temperature reached up to+2.5°C.展开更多
文摘In this paper, based on the idea of finite element method, the initial parametric method in bending, problem of a beam is extended to analyse the bar-system structure by employing Dirac function and llcavisidc step function.Then a new method for analysing the internal forces and deformations of bar-system structure in space is suggested by improving the mixed method in statically indeterminate structure.The inferred process and obtained answer will be more succinct and accurate when the problem of internal forces and deformations of bar-system structure is analysed by using the new method provided in this paper.
文摘Released in September 2024 by an oversight committee of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA),a safety report about the International Space Station(ISS)cited,in addition to 50 other“areas of concern,”a troublesome leak first detected six years ago in one of the station’s modules[1].Given the persistent leak,called“a top safety risk”[2],and the fact that the space sta-tion has outlived its original life expectancy by more than 10 years,the agency’s current plans call for decommissioning the ISS in 2031 by dragging it into the Pacific Ocean[3].
文摘On 5 June 2024,after many delays,Boeing(Arlington,VA,USA)launched the inaugural crewed flight of its conical Starliner space-craft(Fig.1)[1].But the mission did not finish as planned.Multiple technical problems emerged,and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)three months later had the spacecraft return from the International Space Station(ISS)empty,further stranding its crew of two astronauts at the orbital outpost until they could be rescued with another craft.
文摘As space activities become increasingly central to global technological and strategic agendas,developing countries are expressing growing interest in acquiring indigenous space capabilities.However,traditional models of international space cooperation-such as satellite exports and technical joint ventures-often fail to align with the resource constraints and capacity needs of these nations.In response,spacefaring countries like Japan and India have implemented innovative,small-scale capacity-building initiatives that offer training,satellite design experience,and in-orbit deployment opportunities to emerging space actors.This study systematically examines these representative programs,identifies their defining characteristics-including cost-efficiency,full financial support,and strong international legitimacy-and assesses their broader diplomatic and strategic impact.Building on this empirical foundation,the study argues for the strategic relevance of space capacity-building as a potential new model of China’s international space cooperation.Through a tripartite analytical framework of rationale,necessity,and feasibility,the study demonstrates that China possesses both the infrastructural foundation and imperative to adopt this model.It further proposes actionable recommendations to institutionalize capacity-building programs,integrate them into flagship national space missions,and align them with China’s broader foreign policy visions.Ultimately,space capacity-building cooperation is positioned as a low-risk,high-impact approach to fostering trust,expanding influence,and promoting global space governance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2192933).
文摘As humanity ventures deeper into space,our challenges become increasingly complex.Space medicine,once confi ned to ensuring the health and safety of astronauts on low-Earth orbit missions,is now tasked with ensuring the health and safety of astronauts embarking on extended missions to the Moon,Mars,and beyond.Th e advancement of space medicine and the conduct of in-orbit medical experiments not only determine the boundaries of human exploration of the cosmos but also provide new insights that can benefi t human health on Earth.
文摘The experience of the mankind in studying the planet of our own, is long and the progress is accelerated. From the numerous geographic adventures organized in the past thousand years came only the brief knowledge of the outline of the land and ocean; with the scientific explorations and topographic mapping activities done in the 300-plus years that followed, only about 30% of the land got mapped. But things have been changed greatly since the beginning of the century, when the air planes were put into use for mapping: up to 1950’s, the mapped areas had gone up to 70%; From 1957, a series of resource and environment satellites have been launched one after another,observing the globe, giving coverage of it and providing endlessly varieties of information about the seas and the lands day and night.
文摘The slow progress and lack of fundamental breakthroughs in legislative practices are an important subject for China's space legislation. Oriented by the idea to formulate China's space law as soon as possible, it is necessary to solve five key issues. In the national policy, it is needful not only to implement China's space policy and promote the development of the space industry in depth, but also to advance the deep integration of military and civil application in space field. In terms of legal orientation, three features should be reflected upon, including the functional integration of public and private laws, the balance of regulation by substantive and procedural laws, and the effective coordination of domestic and international laws. To this end, both top-level design and implementation should be paid close attention to in order to achieve significant progress in China's space legislation.
文摘(November 2009 Beijing, China) STUDY THE TECHNOLOGY OF SPACE INFORMATION EXPLORE THE FUTURE OF HUMAN KINDSponsored by China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) Co-sponsored by The Second Academy of China Aerospace Science and
文摘Mr. Chairman, distinguished colleagues and vips, ladies and gentlemen, It is a great pleasure, also a privilege for me to address this august body which is a high-level gathering attended by top experts of the world and practitioners with authority in management, operational, business matters in both air and space utilization and their legal aspects. Your presence will undoubtedly increase the brilliance of
文摘At the Third Deep Space Exploration(Tiandu)International Conference in Hefei,Anhui province,on September 5,Wu Weiren,chief designer of China's lunar exploration program and a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,revealed plans for the country to conduct a kinetic impact demonstration mission targeting an asteroid.The mission,which will follow a“fly-by,impact and follow-up fly-by”model,will use AI to help execute the operation.
基金We would like to thank the Epigenomics Core Facility at Weill Cornell Medicine,the Scientific Computing Unit(SCU),as well as the Starr Cancer Consortium(I9-A9-071)funding from the Irma T.Hirschl and MoniqueWeill-Caulier Charitable Trusts,Bert L and N Kuggie Vallee Foundation,the WorldQuant Foundation,the Pershing Square Sohn Cancer Research Alliance,NASA(Grants No.NNX14AH50G,NNX17AB26G)+4 种基金the National Institutes of Health(Grants No.R25EB020393,R01NS076465,R01AI125416,R01ES021006,1R21AI129851,P01HD067244,1R01MH117406)TRISH(Grants No.NNX16AO69A:0107,NNX16AO69A:0061)the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation(Grants No.OPP1151054)the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society(LLS)grants(No.LLS 9238-16,Mak,No.LLS-MCL-982,Chen-Kiang)and the NSF(Grants No.1840275)the Alfred P.Sloan Foundation(Grants No.G-2015-13964).We thank Francine Garrett-Bakelman for her comments on the study and development of the protocols.
文摘It is been shown that spaceflight-induced molecular,cellular,and physiologic changes cause alterations across many modalities of the human body,including cardiovascular,musculoskeletal,hematological,immunological,ocular,and neurological systems.The Twin Study,a multi-year,multi-omic study of human response to spaceflight,provided detailed and comprehensive molecular and cellular maps of the human response to radiation,microgravity,isolation,and stress.These rich data identified epigenetic,gene expression,inflammatory,and metabolic responses to spaceflight,facilitating a better biomedical roadmap of features that should be monitored and safe-guarded in upcoming missions.Further,by exploring new developments in pre-clinical models and clinical trials,we can begin to design potential cellular interventions for exploration-class missions to Mars and potentially farther.This paper will discuss the overall risks astronauts face during spaceflight,what is currently known about human response to these risks,what pharmaceutical interventions exist for use in space,and which tools of precision medicine and cellular engineering could be applied to aerospace and astronaut medicine.
基金supported by an NIH ECHO grant to DMR,UG3 OD023285.
文摘Many simulated micro-gravity(micro-G)experiments on earth suggest that micro-G conditions are not compatible with early mammalian embryo development.Recently,the first two“space embryo”studies have been published showing that early mouse embryo development can occur in real microgravity(real micro-G)conditions in orbit.In the first of these studies,published in 2020,Lei and collaborators developed automated mini-incubator(AMI)devices for mouse embryos facilitating cultivation,microscopic observation,and fixation1.Within these AMI apparatuses,3400 non-frozen 2-cell embryos were launched in a recoverable satellite,experiencing sustained microgravity(~0.001G)for 64 h post-orbit before fixation in space and recovery on earth.In a subsequent study,in 2023,Wakayama and colleagues2 devised Embryo Thawing and Culturing(ETC)devices,enabling manual thawing,cultivation,and fixation of frozen 2-cell mouse embryos by a trained astronaut aboard the International Space Station(ISS).Within the ETCs,a total of 7202-cell mouse embryos underwent thawing and cultivation for 4 days on the ISS,subject to either microgravity(n=360)and simulated-1G(n=360)conditions.The primary findings from both space embryo experiments indicate that mouse embryos can progress through embryogenesis from the 2-cell stage to the blastocyst stage under real micro-G conditions with few defects.Collectively,these studies propose the potential for mammalian reproduction under real micro-G conditions,challenging earlier simulated micro-G research suggesting otherwise.
基金support from Shandong Universitysponsored by the Fundamental Research Fund of Shandong University,China。
文摘High-temperature warnings frequently occurred at the Power Distribution System(PDS)of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer(AMS).To investigate the fundamental reasons,a theoretical model for the AMS PDS was established under the International Space Station(ISS)normal and special operating conditions.With the model,the study investigated the external heat fluxes and the temperature responses of the PDS.The effects of ISS special operations on the PDS’s thermal environment were also investigated.Results reveal that the total external heat flux at the PDS reaches its maximum value when the angleβis around–25°,where high-temperature warning frequently occurs.Under the ISS normal operating condition,the temperature response hysteresis at the PDS varies from 116 s to 230 s.When the ISS performed special operations,locking the ISS solar arrays had the greatest influence on the PDS’s external heat fluxes,and the average temperature at the PDS fell by 1.7°C.When the ISS performed multiple special operations,simultaneously locking the ISS solar arrays and adjusting the ISS flight attitude were the most frequent operations,of which the influences on the PDS temperature were the largest,i.e.,the changes in peak temperature reached up to+2.5°C.
