The World Health Organization(WHO) called the recent monkeypox(MPX)outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on July 23,2022.The United States of America(US) alarmed the recent MPX outbreak as the US...The World Health Organization(WHO) called the recent monkeypox(MPX)outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on July 23,2022.The United States of America(US) alarmed the recent MPX outbreak as the US public health emergency on August 4,2022.Since early May 2022,more than 35000 MPX cases and 12 deaths had been reported to WHO from 92 countries and territories by August 17,2022,and MPX cases continue rising rapidly with improved surveillance,access to diagnosis,and continuous virus spreading globally.Approximately 99% MPX cases are men,of which 95% cases are men who have sex with man.No evidence of MPX being sexually transmitted infections(STIs) is found;however,a high percentage(25%) of concurrent STIs and frequent anogenital symptoms suggest transmission through local inoculation during close intimate contact or sexual activity.Many approaches including a comprehensive international vaccination strategy and adequate supplies are mandatory to prevent MPX pandemic.Education,vaccination,MPX scrutiny and careful monitoring,and crossborder collaborations with international sectors are practical strategy to contain MPX outbreaks.People are educated to reduce the risk of exposure and to reduce the number of sexual partners especially new ones,to avoid contacting travelers from epidemic regions or animals that may carry MPX virus,and avoid traveling to endemic areas.展开更多
BACKGROUND Monkeypox(Mpox),is a disease of global public health concern,as it does not affect only countries in western and central Africa.AIM To assess Burundi healthcare workers(HCWs)s’level of knowledge and confid...BACKGROUND Monkeypox(Mpox),is a disease of global public health concern,as it does not affect only countries in western and central Africa.AIM To assess Burundi healthcare workers(HCWs)s’level of knowledge and confidence in the diagnosis and management of Mpox.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study via an online survey designed mainly from the World Health Organization course distributed among Burundi HCWs from June-July 2023.The questionnaire comprises 8 socioprofessional-related questions,22 questions about Mpox disease knowledge,and 3 questions to assess confidence in Mpox diagnosis and management.The data were analyzed via SPSS software version 25.0.A P value<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.RESULTS The study sample comprised 471 HCWs who were mainly medical doctors(63.9%)and nurses(30.1%).None of the 22 questions concerning Mpox knowledge had at least 50%correct responses.A very low number of HCWs(17.4%)knew that Mpox has a vaccine.The confidence level to diagnose(21.20%),treat(18.00%)or prevent(23.30%)Mpox was low among HCWs.The confidence level in the diagnosis of Mpox was associated with the HCWs’age(P value=0.009),sex(P value<0.001),work experience(P value=0.002),and residence(P value<0.001).The confidence level to treat Mpox was significantly associated with the HCWs’age(P value=0.050),sex(P value<0.001),education(P value=0.033)and occupation(P value=0.005).The confidence level to prevent Mpox was associated with the HCWs’education(P value<0.001),work experience(P value=0.002),residence(P value<0.001)and type of work institution(P value=0.003).CONCLUSION This study revealed that HCWs have the lowest level of knowledge regarding Mpox and a lack of confidence in the ability to diagnose,treat or prevent it.There is an urgent need to organize continuing medical education programs on Mpox epidemiology and preparedness for Burundi HCWs.We encourage future researchers to assess potential hesitancy toward Mpox vaccination and its associated factors.展开更多
The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a global health emergency owing to its magnitude, attributed deaths, and its propensity to spread across the world. In-fact, owing to its quick spread across...The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a global health emergency owing to its magnitude, attributed deaths, and its propensity to spread across the world. In-fact, owing to its quick spread across international boundaries and the resulting caseload, the disease has been declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020. It is worth noting that out of the 395 cases detected in other nations, 165 (41.8%) have a positive history of travel to China. As of now, the World Health Organization has not recommended for any restrictions on the travel or trade aspects, but has clearly specified that implementation of International Health Regulations should be strictly done at the airports and seaports. In conclusion, the COVID-19 outbreak has created an alarm across the globe as the causative virus is novel in nature. However, strengthening of standard infection control practices and adoption of preventive measures for travelers can significantly minimize the threat of further transmission of the disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)happened in early December and it has affected China in more ways than one.The societal response to the pandemic restricted medical students to their homes....BACKGROUND The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)happened in early December and it has affected China in more ways than one.The societal response to the pandemic restricted medical students to their homes.Although students cannot learn about COVID-19 through clinical practice,they can still pay attention to news of COVID-19 through various channels.Although,as suggested by previous studies,some medical students have already volunteered to serve during the COVID-19 pandemic,the overall willingness of Chinese medical students to volunteer for such has not been systematically examined.AIM To study Chinese medical students’interest in the relevant knowledge on COVID-19 and what roles they want to play in the pandemic.METHODS Medical students at Peking Union Medical College were surveyed via a webbased questionnaire to obtain data on the extent of interest in the relevant knowledge on COVID-19,attitude towards volunteerism in the pandemic,and career preference.Logistic regression modeling was used to investigate possible factors that could encourage volunteerism among this group in a pandemic.RESULTS A total of 552 medical students responded.Most medical students showed a huge interest in COVID-19.The extent of students’interest in COVID-19 varied among different student-classes(P<0.05).Senior students had higher scores than the other two classes.The number of people who were‘glad to volunteer’in COVID-19 represented 85.6%of the respondents.What these students expressed willingness to undertake involved direct,indirect,and administrative job activities.Logistic regression analysis identified two factors that negatively influenced volunteering in the pandemic:Student-class and hazards of the voluntary job.Factors that positively influenced volunteering were time to watch COVID-19 news,predictable impact on China,and moral responsibility.CONCLUSION More innovative methods can be explored to increase Chinese medical students’interest in reading about the relevant knowledge on COVID-19 and doing voluntary jobs during the pandemic.展开更多
"The International Conference on Environmental Concerns and Emerging Abatement Technologies" co-sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), th..."The International Conference on Environmental Concerns and Emerging Abatement Technologies" co-sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the Netherlands Organization for展开更多
Human mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)historically received little attention until its emergence beyond African countries in 2022.As of September 30,2024,a total of 109,699 laboratory-confirmed mpox cases have been r...Human mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)historically received little attention until its emergence beyond African countries in 2022.As of September 30,2024,a total of 109,699 laboratory-confirmed mpox cases have been reported to the World Health Organization(WHO).[1]It has been more than one year since the WHO announced on May 11,2023 that the mpox epidemic did not constitute a public health emergency of international concern(PHEIC).However,on August 14,2024,the WHO declared that the upsurge of mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC)and an increasing number of countries in Africa constituted a PHEIC once again.Although the WHO has proposed the“Strategic Framework for Enhancing Prevention and Control of Mpox 2024–2027”,controlling and eliminating the mpox from 2024 to 2025,as planned,appears to be a significant challenge.[2]Additionally,various vulnerable populations(such as children,pregnant women,and immunosuppressed individuals),adverse outcomes(such as myocarditis),and hospital management strategies for mpox complicate prevention and control efforts.[3–5]To effectively prevent and control mpox in the public,it is critical to understand the epidemic trends,the threat posed by Clade Ib,and the necessary control measures.展开更多
On Aug 14,2024,the World Health Organization(WHO)declared the second public health emergency of international concern(PHEIC)on mpox spread,considering the upsurge of mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and a ...On Aug 14,2024,the World Health Organization(WHO)declared the second public health emergency of international concern(PHEIC)on mpox spread,considering the upsurge of mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and a growing number of countries in Africa[1].Mpox has been mainly confinedwithin Africa since its first isolation in Denmark inmonkeys kept for research in 1958 and the first reported human mpox case of an infant boy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1970[2].The spillover spread outside of Africa to America in 2003 caused approximately 70 infections[3].Fortunately,the endemic caused no deaths but alerted society to the potential threat of mpox.In Jul 2022,WHO once declared the first PHEIC on mpox since quickly reported mpox-infected cases in Europe,America,and Asia.The rapid increase of mpox in 2024 calls for urgent collaborative efforts to address the disease’s evolving epidemiology and transmission dynamics[4],emphasizing the potential threat from mpox and the need for caution and preparedness.展开更多
Mpox virus(MPXV)is the only pathogen that triggered two Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)declarations,first in July 2022 and then again in August 2024.The 2022 outbreak was attributed primarily t...Mpox virus(MPXV)is the only pathogen that triggered two Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)declarations,first in July 2022 and then again in August 2024.The 2022 outbreak was attributed primarily to clade IIb MPXV,specifically lineage B.1.However,the 2024 global outbreak was largely due to the emergence of clade Ib MPXV,which was first identified in the Sud Kivu region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2023.During this period,the transmission route of MPXV transitioned from primarily zoonotic spillovers to sustained human-to-human transmission,disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups such as men-who-have-sex-with-men,immunocompromised individuals and marginalized populations with limited access to healthcare.This shift has been driven by critical mutations in genes associated with viral fitness,immune evasion and transmission dynamics.Moreover,these changes correspond with atypical and often milder yet more transmissible clinical presentations,complicating the detection and management of cases.Despite these challenges,health system preparedness has remained uneven.High-income countries leverage existing infrastructure to facilitate rapid responses through proactive policies and financial commitments.However,many low-and middle-income countries struggle with delayed case detection,limited surge capacity,community unawareness and fragmented outbreak governance.Although diagnostics,vaccines and antivirals have advanced,issues such as accessibility,affordability and distribution have persisted,hindering global solidarity efforts.This narrative review integrates evidence on the evolution of MPXV clades,clinical heterogeneity,and public health responses.Furthermore,by learning from past outbreaks,this review proposes actionable,time-sensitive recommendations to strengthen surveillance,ensure equitable deployment of countermeasures,secure supply chains and embed One Health approaches for increased resilience.展开更多
Mpox,or Monkeypox,as previously known,is a zoonotic viral disease that mostly remains endemic and is present within the countries of West and Central Africa.In July 2022,the World Health Organization declared Mpox a P...Mpox,or Monkeypox,as previously known,is a zoonotic viral disease that mostly remains endemic and is present within the countries of West and Central Africa.In July 2022,the World Health Organization declared Mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)after the virus crossed borders,consequently drawing global attention.The PHEIC designation was lifted in May 2023,but the resurgence of 2024(marked by the virulent clade 1b variant)has brought focused attention to critical gaps in surveillance and intervention[1].The resistance of the variant to tecovirimat,the only approved antiviral,has raised heightened concerns,particularly as a recent NIH study revealed that the drug is safe but inefective in improving Mpox resolution or pain,which coincides with an alarming increase in cases and fatalities among children in the Congo Basin[2].While the disease in recent outbreaks has afected primarily adults,the fast-moving clade 1b strain has disproportionately afected children in the Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC)and Burundi.These two countries accounted for 92%of all Mpox cases in Africa in 2024.展开更多
The mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)by the World Health Organization(WHO)on two separate occasions,with the PHEIC status remaining in eff...The mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)by the World Health Organization(WHO)on two separate occasions,with the PHEIC status remaining in effect following the second declaration on August 14,2024[1,2].The causative agent,mpox virus(MPXV),is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus within the family Poxviridae[3].MPXV produce two antigenically distinct infectious virion forms:intracellular mature virions(IMVs)and extracellular enveloped virions(EEVs).Currently,the prevention and control of mpox have several challenges,including sustained human-to-human transmission,the increasing frequency and geographic spread of outbreaks,and ongoing viral adaptive evolution[4].These challenges are likely driven by the discontinuation of smallpox vaccination and the waning immunity in current population cohorts.展开更多
文摘The World Health Organization(WHO) called the recent monkeypox(MPX)outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on July 23,2022.The United States of America(US) alarmed the recent MPX outbreak as the US public health emergency on August 4,2022.Since early May 2022,more than 35000 MPX cases and 12 deaths had been reported to WHO from 92 countries and territories by August 17,2022,and MPX cases continue rising rapidly with improved surveillance,access to diagnosis,and continuous virus spreading globally.Approximately 99% MPX cases are men,of which 95% cases are men who have sex with man.No evidence of MPX being sexually transmitted infections(STIs) is found;however,a high percentage(25%) of concurrent STIs and frequent anogenital symptoms suggest transmission through local inoculation during close intimate contact or sexual activity.Many approaches including a comprehensive international vaccination strategy and adequate supplies are mandatory to prevent MPX pandemic.Education,vaccination,MPX scrutiny and careful monitoring,and crossborder collaborations with international sectors are practical strategy to contain MPX outbreaks.People are educated to reduce the risk of exposure and to reduce the number of sexual partners especially new ones,to avoid contacting travelers from epidemic regions or animals that may carry MPX virus,and avoid traveling to endemic areas.
文摘BACKGROUND Monkeypox(Mpox),is a disease of global public health concern,as it does not affect only countries in western and central Africa.AIM To assess Burundi healthcare workers(HCWs)s’level of knowledge and confidence in the diagnosis and management of Mpox.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study via an online survey designed mainly from the World Health Organization course distributed among Burundi HCWs from June-July 2023.The questionnaire comprises 8 socioprofessional-related questions,22 questions about Mpox disease knowledge,and 3 questions to assess confidence in Mpox diagnosis and management.The data were analyzed via SPSS software version 25.0.A P value<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.RESULTS The study sample comprised 471 HCWs who were mainly medical doctors(63.9%)and nurses(30.1%).None of the 22 questions concerning Mpox knowledge had at least 50%correct responses.A very low number of HCWs(17.4%)knew that Mpox has a vaccine.The confidence level to diagnose(21.20%),treat(18.00%)or prevent(23.30%)Mpox was low among HCWs.The confidence level in the diagnosis of Mpox was associated with the HCWs’age(P value=0.009),sex(P value<0.001),work experience(P value=0.002),and residence(P value<0.001).The confidence level to treat Mpox was significantly associated with the HCWs’age(P value=0.050),sex(P value<0.001),education(P value=0.033)and occupation(P value=0.005).The confidence level to prevent Mpox was associated with the HCWs’education(P value<0.001),work experience(P value=0.002),residence(P value<0.001)and type of work institution(P value=0.003).CONCLUSION This study revealed that HCWs have the lowest level of knowledge regarding Mpox and a lack of confidence in the ability to diagnose,treat or prevent it.There is an urgent need to organize continuing medical education programs on Mpox epidemiology and preparedness for Burundi HCWs.We encourage future researchers to assess potential hesitancy toward Mpox vaccination and its associated factors.
文摘The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a global health emergency owing to its magnitude, attributed deaths, and its propensity to spread across the world. In-fact, owing to its quick spread across international boundaries and the resulting caseload, the disease has been declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020. It is worth noting that out of the 395 cases detected in other nations, 165 (41.8%) have a positive history of travel to China. As of now, the World Health Organization has not recommended for any restrictions on the travel or trade aspects, but has clearly specified that implementation of International Health Regulations should be strictly done at the airports and seaports. In conclusion, the COVID-19 outbreak has created an alarm across the globe as the causative virus is novel in nature. However, strengthening of standard infection control practices and adoption of preventive measures for travelers can significantly minimize the threat of further transmission of the disease.
基金the Education Reforming Program,Peking Union Medical College,No.2015zlgc0111.
文摘BACKGROUND The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)happened in early December and it has affected China in more ways than one.The societal response to the pandemic restricted medical students to their homes.Although students cannot learn about COVID-19 through clinical practice,they can still pay attention to news of COVID-19 through various channels.Although,as suggested by previous studies,some medical students have already volunteered to serve during the COVID-19 pandemic,the overall willingness of Chinese medical students to volunteer for such has not been systematically examined.AIM To study Chinese medical students’interest in the relevant knowledge on COVID-19 and what roles they want to play in the pandemic.METHODS Medical students at Peking Union Medical College were surveyed via a webbased questionnaire to obtain data on the extent of interest in the relevant knowledge on COVID-19,attitude towards volunteerism in the pandemic,and career preference.Logistic regression modeling was used to investigate possible factors that could encourage volunteerism among this group in a pandemic.RESULTS A total of 552 medical students responded.Most medical students showed a huge interest in COVID-19.The extent of students’interest in COVID-19 varied among different student-classes(P<0.05).Senior students had higher scores than the other two classes.The number of people who were‘glad to volunteer’in COVID-19 represented 85.6%of the respondents.What these students expressed willingness to undertake involved direct,indirect,and administrative job activities.Logistic regression analysis identified two factors that negatively influenced volunteering in the pandemic:Student-class and hazards of the voluntary job.Factors that positively influenced volunteering were time to watch COVID-19 news,predictable impact on China,and moral responsibility.CONCLUSION More innovative methods can be explored to increase Chinese medical students’interest in reading about the relevant knowledge on COVID-19 and doing voluntary jobs during the pandemic.
文摘"The International Conference on Environmental Concerns and Emerging Abatement Technologies" co-sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the Netherlands Organization for
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72122001).
文摘Human mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)historically received little attention until its emergence beyond African countries in 2022.As of September 30,2024,a total of 109,699 laboratory-confirmed mpox cases have been reported to the World Health Organization(WHO).[1]It has been more than one year since the WHO announced on May 11,2023 that the mpox epidemic did not constitute a public health emergency of international concern(PHEIC).However,on August 14,2024,the WHO declared that the upsurge of mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC)and an increasing number of countries in Africa constituted a PHEIC once again.Although the WHO has proposed the“Strategic Framework for Enhancing Prevention and Control of Mpox 2024–2027”,controlling and eliminating the mpox from 2024 to 2025,as planned,appears to be a significant challenge.[2]Additionally,various vulnerable populations(such as children,pregnant women,and immunosuppressed individuals),adverse outcomes(such as myocarditis),and hospital management strategies for mpox complicate prevention and control efforts.[3–5]To effectively prevent and control mpox in the public,it is critical to understand the epidemic trends,the threat posed by Clade Ib,and the necessary control measures.
基金approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital,Guangzhou Medical University(IACUC-LF-2024-05).
文摘On Aug 14,2024,the World Health Organization(WHO)declared the second public health emergency of international concern(PHEIC)on mpox spread,considering the upsurge of mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and a growing number of countries in Africa[1].Mpox has been mainly confinedwithin Africa since its first isolation in Denmark inmonkeys kept for research in 1958 and the first reported human mpox case of an infant boy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1970[2].The spillover spread outside of Africa to America in 2003 caused approximately 70 infections[3].Fortunately,the endemic caused no deaths but alerted society to the potential threat of mpox.In Jul 2022,WHO once declared the first PHEIC on mpox since quickly reported mpox-infected cases in Europe,America,and Asia.The rapid increase of mpox in 2024 calls for urgent collaborative efforts to address the disease’s evolving epidemiology and transmission dynamics[4],emphasizing the potential threat from mpox and the need for caution and preparedness.
文摘Mpox virus(MPXV)is the only pathogen that triggered two Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)declarations,first in July 2022 and then again in August 2024.The 2022 outbreak was attributed primarily to clade IIb MPXV,specifically lineage B.1.However,the 2024 global outbreak was largely due to the emergence of clade Ib MPXV,which was first identified in the Sud Kivu region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2023.During this period,the transmission route of MPXV transitioned from primarily zoonotic spillovers to sustained human-to-human transmission,disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups such as men-who-have-sex-with-men,immunocompromised individuals and marginalized populations with limited access to healthcare.This shift has been driven by critical mutations in genes associated with viral fitness,immune evasion and transmission dynamics.Moreover,these changes correspond with atypical and often milder yet more transmissible clinical presentations,complicating the detection and management of cases.Despite these challenges,health system preparedness has remained uneven.High-income countries leverage existing infrastructure to facilitate rapid responses through proactive policies and financial commitments.However,many low-and middle-income countries struggle with delayed case detection,limited surge capacity,community unawareness and fragmented outbreak governance.Although diagnostics,vaccines and antivirals have advanced,issues such as accessibility,affordability and distribution have persisted,hindering global solidarity efforts.This narrative review integrates evidence on the evolution of MPXV clades,clinical heterogeneity,and public health responses.Furthermore,by learning from past outbreaks,this review proposes actionable,time-sensitive recommendations to strengthen surveillance,ensure equitable deployment of countermeasures,secure supply chains and embed One Health approaches for increased resilience.
文摘Mpox,or Monkeypox,as previously known,is a zoonotic viral disease that mostly remains endemic and is present within the countries of West and Central Africa.In July 2022,the World Health Organization declared Mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)after the virus crossed borders,consequently drawing global attention.The PHEIC designation was lifted in May 2023,but the resurgence of 2024(marked by the virulent clade 1b variant)has brought focused attention to critical gaps in surveillance and intervention[1].The resistance of the variant to tecovirimat,the only approved antiviral,has raised heightened concerns,particularly as a recent NIH study revealed that the drug is safe but inefective in improving Mpox resolution or pain,which coincides with an alarming increase in cases and fatalities among children in the Congo Basin[2].While the disease in recent outbreaks has afected primarily adults,the fast-moving clade 1b strain has disproportionately afected children in the Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC)and Burundi.These two countries accounted for 92%of all Mpox cases in Africa in 2024.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2025YFC2311800 to H.W.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 32270157 to H.W.)the Beijing Nova Program(to H.W.).
文摘The mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)by the World Health Organization(WHO)on two separate occasions,with the PHEIC status remaining in effect following the second declaration on August 14,2024[1,2].The causative agent,mpox virus(MPXV),is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus within the family Poxviridae[3].MPXV produce two antigenically distinct infectious virion forms:intracellular mature virions(IMVs)and extracellular enveloped virions(EEVs).Currently,the prevention and control of mpox have several challenges,including sustained human-to-human transmission,the increasing frequency and geographic spread of outbreaks,and ongoing viral adaptive evolution[4].These challenges are likely driven by the discontinuation of smallpox vaccination and the waning immunity in current population cohorts.
