Objective: By observing body surface temperature variation of the intermediate structures of the Lung(Fei) and Large Intestine(Dachang) exterior-interior relationship in asthmatic patients, to investigate the patholog...Objective: By observing body surface temperature variation of the intermediate structures of the Lung(Fei) and Large Intestine(Dachang) exterior-interior relationship in asthmatic patients, to investigate the pathological response on the pathway of channels and to substantiate the objective existence of the intermediary structures. Methods: The study included 60 subjects meeting the bronchial asthma inclusion criteria(experimental group) and 60 healthy subjects(normal control group). ATIR-M301 infrared thermal imaging device was used for detecting body surface temperature of the subjects and collecting the infrared thermal images. The temperature values of the intermediate structures of Lung and Large Intestine exterior-interior relationship [throat, Quepen, elbow, nose, Lieque(LU 7), Pianli(LI 6)], control areas(0.2 cm lateral to the above structures) and Yintang(EX-HN 3) were measured on the infrared thermal image by infrared imaging system. Then, the above temperature values were compared and analyzed within and between two groups. Results: There were insignificant differences between the temperature on the left and right sides of the intermediate structures(Quepen, elbow, LU 7, LI 6) in normal control group(P>0.05). Except for that of Quepen, there were insignificant differences between the temperature of the intermediate structures and their corresponding control areas in normal control group(P>0.05). In the experimental group, the temperature on the left and right sides of the intermediate structures(Quepen, elbow, LU 7, LI 6) showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05 or P<0.01); the temperature difference between intermediate structure(throat, Quepen, elbow, nose, LI 6) and their respective control areas were also significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The temperature of the intermediate structures(throat, Quepen, elbow, LU7, LI 6) between the experimental group and normal control group showed significant differences(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: This study is an initial step to validate the objective existence of Lung and Large Intestine exterior-interior relationship intermediate structures, as described in the Chinese classical medical literatures, through the functional imaging angle. The intermediate structures are the pathological reaction areas of the bronchial asthmatic patients.展开更多
The intermediate fluid vaporizer (IFV), different from other liquefied natural gas (LNG) vaporizers, has many advantages and has shown a great potential for future applications. In this present paper, studies of IFV a...The intermediate fluid vaporizer (IFV), different from other liquefied natural gas (LNG) vaporizers, has many advantages and has shown a great potential for future applications. In this present paper, studies of IFV and its heat transfer characteristics in the LNG vaporization unit E2 are systematically reviewed. The research methods involved include theoretical analysis, experimental investigation, numerical simulation, and process simulation. First, relevant studies on the overall calculation and system design of IFV are summarized, including the structural innovation design, the thermal calculation model, and the selection of different intermediate fluids. Moreover, studies on the fluid flow and heat transfer behaviors of the supercritical LNG inside the tubes and the condensation heat transfer of the intermediate fluid outside the tubes are summarized. In the thermal calculations of the IFV, the selections of the existing heat transfer correlations about the intermediate fluids are inconsistent in different studies, and there lacks the accuracy evaluation of those correlations or comparison with experimental data. Furthermore, corresponding experiments or numerical simulations on the cryogenic condensation heat transfer outside the tubes in the IFV need to be further improved, compared to those in the refrigeration and air-conditioning temperature range. Therefore, suggestions for further studies of IFV are provided as well.展开更多
This paper presents a compact and high-performance piezoelectric micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)fast steering mirror(FSM)designed for use in laser inter-satellite links(ISLs).The FSM features a large optical ape...This paper presents a compact and high-performance piezoelectric micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)fast steering mirror(FSM)designed for use in laser inter-satellite links(ISLs).The FSM features a large optical aperture of 10 mm and is batch fabricated using an 8-inch wafer-level eutectic bonding process,packaged into a volume of 26×22×3 mm3.Notably,the piezoresistive(PZR)sensor is integrated on the spring of the FSM to facilitate precise beam control.Furthermore,an intermediate directional defect structure is novelly designed to create a Stress Concentration Region(SCR),effectively improving PZR sensitivity from 3.3 mV/(V∙mrad)to 5.4 mV/(V∙mrad).In this article,various performance metrics of the FSM are tested,including the mechanical characteristics,PZR sensor properties,and mirror optical quality,which all meet the requirements for laser ISLs.Results indicate that the FSM achieves a high resonant frequency(>1 kHz)and a low nonlinearity of 0.05%@±2.1 mrad.A remarkable minimum angular resolution of 0.3μrad and a repeated positioning accuracy of 1.11μrad ensure exceptional pointing precision.The open-loop control is driven by the double-step algorithm,resulting in a step response time of 0.41 ms and achieving a control bandwidth over 2 kHz.Additionally,the integrated angular sensor demonstrates a nonlinearity of 0.09%@±1.05 mrad,a sensitivity of 5.1 mV/(V∙mrad),and a minimum angular resolution of 0.3μrad.Under quasi-static driven conditions(500 Hz@±2 mrad),the maximum dynamic deformation of the mirror surface is merely 2 nm.展开更多
基金Supported by National Basic Research and Development Program(973 Program,No.2009CB522708)
文摘Objective: By observing body surface temperature variation of the intermediate structures of the Lung(Fei) and Large Intestine(Dachang) exterior-interior relationship in asthmatic patients, to investigate the pathological response on the pathway of channels and to substantiate the objective existence of the intermediary structures. Methods: The study included 60 subjects meeting the bronchial asthma inclusion criteria(experimental group) and 60 healthy subjects(normal control group). ATIR-M301 infrared thermal imaging device was used for detecting body surface temperature of the subjects and collecting the infrared thermal images. The temperature values of the intermediate structures of Lung and Large Intestine exterior-interior relationship [throat, Quepen, elbow, nose, Lieque(LU 7), Pianli(LI 6)], control areas(0.2 cm lateral to the above structures) and Yintang(EX-HN 3) were measured on the infrared thermal image by infrared imaging system. Then, the above temperature values were compared and analyzed within and between two groups. Results: There were insignificant differences between the temperature on the left and right sides of the intermediate structures(Quepen, elbow, LU 7, LI 6) in normal control group(P>0.05). Except for that of Quepen, there were insignificant differences between the temperature of the intermediate structures and their corresponding control areas in normal control group(P>0.05). In the experimental group, the temperature on the left and right sides of the intermediate structures(Quepen, elbow, LU 7, LI 6) showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05 or P<0.01); the temperature difference between intermediate structure(throat, Quepen, elbow, nose, LI 6) and their respective control areas were also significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The temperature of the intermediate structures(throat, Quepen, elbow, LU7, LI 6) between the experimental group and normal control group showed significant differences(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: This study is an initial step to validate the objective existence of Lung and Large Intestine exterior-interior relationship intermediate structures, as described in the Chinese classical medical literatures, through the functional imaging angle. The intermediate structures are the pathological reaction areas of the bronchial asthmatic patients.
文摘The intermediate fluid vaporizer (IFV), different from other liquefied natural gas (LNG) vaporizers, has many advantages and has shown a great potential for future applications. In this present paper, studies of IFV and its heat transfer characteristics in the LNG vaporization unit E2 are systematically reviewed. The research methods involved include theoretical analysis, experimental investigation, numerical simulation, and process simulation. First, relevant studies on the overall calculation and system design of IFV are summarized, including the structural innovation design, the thermal calculation model, and the selection of different intermediate fluids. Moreover, studies on the fluid flow and heat transfer behaviors of the supercritical LNG inside the tubes and the condensation heat transfer of the intermediate fluid outside the tubes are summarized. In the thermal calculations of the IFV, the selections of the existing heat transfer correlations about the intermediate fluids are inconsistent in different studies, and there lacks the accuracy evaluation of those correlations or comparison with experimental data. Furthermore, corresponding experiments or numerical simulations on the cryogenic condensation heat transfer outside the tubes in the IFV need to be further improved, compared to those in the refrigeration and air-conditioning temperature range. Therefore, suggestions for further studies of IFV are provided as well.
基金the support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2023YFB3209900).
文摘This paper presents a compact and high-performance piezoelectric micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)fast steering mirror(FSM)designed for use in laser inter-satellite links(ISLs).The FSM features a large optical aperture of 10 mm and is batch fabricated using an 8-inch wafer-level eutectic bonding process,packaged into a volume of 26×22×3 mm3.Notably,the piezoresistive(PZR)sensor is integrated on the spring of the FSM to facilitate precise beam control.Furthermore,an intermediate directional defect structure is novelly designed to create a Stress Concentration Region(SCR),effectively improving PZR sensitivity from 3.3 mV/(V∙mrad)to 5.4 mV/(V∙mrad).In this article,various performance metrics of the FSM are tested,including the mechanical characteristics,PZR sensor properties,and mirror optical quality,which all meet the requirements for laser ISLs.Results indicate that the FSM achieves a high resonant frequency(>1 kHz)and a low nonlinearity of 0.05%@±2.1 mrad.A remarkable minimum angular resolution of 0.3μrad and a repeated positioning accuracy of 1.11μrad ensure exceptional pointing precision.The open-loop control is driven by the double-step algorithm,resulting in a step response time of 0.41 ms and achieving a control bandwidth over 2 kHz.Additionally,the integrated angular sensor demonstrates a nonlinearity of 0.09%@±1.05 mrad,a sensitivity of 5.1 mV/(V∙mrad),and a minimum angular resolution of 0.3μrad.Under quasi-static driven conditions(500 Hz@±2 mrad),the maximum dynamic deformation of the mirror surface is merely 2 nm.
