As global trade networks deepen and trade patterns evolve,supply chain dynamics have emerged as a critical driver of high-quality development-particularly as reflected in firms’capacity to export higher-quality produ...As global trade networks deepen and trade patterns evolve,supply chain dynamics have emerged as a critical driver of high-quality development-particularly as reflected in firms’capacity to export higher-quality products.Drawing on new-new trade theory,this study incorporates supply chain behavior-specifically,the use of intermediate goods-into the analytical framework for determining export product quality.Theoretically,it posits that technical regulations on the supply chain influence export quality through two key channels:improvements in the quality of intermediate inputs and changes in their associated costs.Empirically,the study exploits China’s imposition of technical barriers to trade(TBT)on intermediate goods imports as a quasi-natural experiment,applying a difference-in-differences approach to firm-level export data from 2000 to 2014.The results show that supply chain technical regulations lead to significant improvements in the quality of exported final products.Mechanistically,the regulations raise the quality of imported intermediates,which in turn drive upgrades in final outputs,while leaving import costs largely unchanged-since compliance expenses are absorbed by foreign exporters rather than passed on to Chinese firms.Further analysis reveals substantial heterogeneity in these effects,depending on both the type of regulation and firm characteristics.These variations reflect differences in regulatory intensity and in firms’sensitivity to supply chain changes,adaptability,and capacity to convert input quality into product upgrades.Overall,the findings suggest that strengthening supply-side regulatory standards-when properly designed-represents a strategic lever for improving product quality and enhancing firms’international competitiveness,offering valuable insights for trade policy and global supply chain governance.展开更多
Firms actively participate in the production of the global value chain(GVC),which is an important driving force for economic development.Using a difference-in-difference method,our research shows that industries that ...Firms actively participate in the production of the global value chain(GVC),which is an important driving force for economic development.Using a difference-in-difference method,our research shows that industries that are relatively more human-capital intensive experienced a larger GVC position upgrading after 2003 than they had in prior years.Second,mechanism analysis shows that human capital expansion increases firms’GVC position not only through an imported intermediate input effect but also through an innovation effect.Third,this study shows that increases in the college-educated labor force have a heterogeneous effect on a firm's GVC position across firms’various characteristics.Human capital expansion has the largest positive effect on state-owned firms relative to foreign and domestic private firms.Human capital expansion has also significantly improved the GVC position of firms located in China's eastern and central regions.The findings of this study indicate that it helps upgrading the GVC position of Chinese firms.展开更多
After the formation of the World Trade Organization(WTO)in 1995,most countries gradually reduced their import tariffs to a fairly low level.However,the reduced tariffs could not he simply read as a reduction in trade ...After the formation of the World Trade Organization(WTO)in 1995,most countries gradually reduced their import tariffs to a fairly low level.However,the reduced tariffs could not he simply read as a reduction in trade barriers.Indeed,many suspect that countries tend to use more non-tariff measures(NTMs),substituting them for tariff barriers,to protect their domestic economies.This paper uses newly compiled and detailed Chinese NTM data,together with highly disaggregated firm import data and manufacturing firm operational data,to investigate the impact of China s import-related NTMs on firm imports.The main empirical results show that,as in the case of tariff barriers,China s trade policy NTMs mainly inhibit firms'intermediate imports.In contrast,China s public policy NTMs significantly improve the intensive and extensive margins of firm s intermediate imports and raise the prices and quality of imported inputs.The greater the extent to which a firm engages in processing trade,the larger is the promoting effect of public policy NTMs on the firm s import margins far intermediate inputs,and the greater is the restricting ejfect on the prices and the quality of the firm's imported inputs.展开更多
基金supported by a major project from the Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education,“Research on Open Development and High-Quality Integrated Development of the Yangtze River Delta Region”(Grant No.22JJD790035).
文摘As global trade networks deepen and trade patterns evolve,supply chain dynamics have emerged as a critical driver of high-quality development-particularly as reflected in firms’capacity to export higher-quality products.Drawing on new-new trade theory,this study incorporates supply chain behavior-specifically,the use of intermediate goods-into the analytical framework for determining export product quality.Theoretically,it posits that technical regulations on the supply chain influence export quality through two key channels:improvements in the quality of intermediate inputs and changes in their associated costs.Empirically,the study exploits China’s imposition of technical barriers to trade(TBT)on intermediate goods imports as a quasi-natural experiment,applying a difference-in-differences approach to firm-level export data from 2000 to 2014.The results show that supply chain technical regulations lead to significant improvements in the quality of exported final products.Mechanistically,the regulations raise the quality of imported intermediates,which in turn drive upgrades in final outputs,while leaving import costs largely unchanged-since compliance expenses are absorbed by foreign exporters rather than passed on to Chinese firms.Further analysis reveals substantial heterogeneity in these effects,depending on both the type of regulation and firm characteristics.These variations reflect differences in regulatory intensity and in firms’sensitivity to supply chain changes,adaptability,and capacity to convert input quality into product upgrades.Overall,the findings suggest that strengthening supply-side regulatory standards-when properly designed-represents a strategic lever for improving product quality and enhancing firms’international competitiveness,offering valuable insights for trade policy and global supply chain governance.
基金This research was financially supported by the Key Research Institutes of Humanities and Social of the Ministry of Education of China(No.17JJD790014)the Major Program of the National Social Science Foundation of China(Nos.13&ZD167 and 17ZDA114)。
文摘Firms actively participate in the production of the global value chain(GVC),which is an important driving force for economic development.Using a difference-in-difference method,our research shows that industries that are relatively more human-capital intensive experienced a larger GVC position upgrading after 2003 than they had in prior years.Second,mechanism analysis shows that human capital expansion increases firms’GVC position not only through an imported intermediate input effect but also through an innovation effect.Third,this study shows that increases in the college-educated labor force have a heterogeneous effect on a firm's GVC position across firms’various characteristics.Human capital expansion has the largest positive effect on state-owned firms relative to foreign and domestic private firms.Human capital expansion has also significantly improved the GVC position of firms located in China's eastern and central regions.The findings of this study indicate that it helps upgrading the GVC position of Chinese firms.
基金The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71903041)the Humanity and Social Science Youth Foundation(No.17YJC790142)+2 种基金Key Project of Ministry of Education of China(No.16JZD018)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2021 Al515012018)the National Social Science Foundation(Nos.21AZD064 and 19BJL074)。
文摘After the formation of the World Trade Organization(WTO)in 1995,most countries gradually reduced their import tariffs to a fairly low level.However,the reduced tariffs could not he simply read as a reduction in trade barriers.Indeed,many suspect that countries tend to use more non-tariff measures(NTMs),substituting them for tariff barriers,to protect their domestic economies.This paper uses newly compiled and detailed Chinese NTM data,together with highly disaggregated firm import data and manufacturing firm operational data,to investigate the impact of China s import-related NTMs on firm imports.The main empirical results show that,as in the case of tariff barriers,China s trade policy NTMs mainly inhibit firms'intermediate imports.In contrast,China s public policy NTMs significantly improve the intensive and extensive margins of firm s intermediate imports and raise the prices and quality of imported inputs.The greater the extent to which a firm engages in processing trade,the larger is the promoting effect of public policy NTMs on the firm s import margins far intermediate inputs,and the greater is the restricting ejfect on the prices and the quality of the firm's imported inputs.
