The hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)as a new type of porous framework materials have been widely studied in various areas.However,the lack of appropriate active sites,low intrinsic conductivity,and poor stabil...The hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)as a new type of porous framework materials have been widely studied in various areas.However,the lack of appropriate active sites,low intrinsic conductivity,and poor stability limited their performance in the field of electrocatalysis.Herein,we designed two 2D metal hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(2D–M–HOF,M=Cu^(2+)or Ni^(2+))with coordination compounds based on 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexahydroxyl cyclotricatechylene and transition metal ions(Cu^(2+)and Ni^(2+)),respectively.The crystal structure of 2D–Cu–HOF is determined by continuous rotation electron diffraction,indicating an undulated 2D hydrogen-bond network with interlayeredπ-πstacking.The flexible structure of 2D–M–HOF leads to the formation of self-adaption interlayered sites,resulting in superior activity and selectivity in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) to C_(2) products,achieving a total Faradaic efficiency exceeding 80%due to the high-efficiency C–C coupling.The experimental results and density functional calculations verify that the undulated 2D–M–HOF enables the energetically favorable formation of*OCCHO intermediate.This work provides a promising strategy for designing HOF catalysts in electrocatalysis and related processes.展开更多
The complex distribution of gas hydrate in sediments makes understanding the mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments a challenging task.The mechanical behaviors of hydrate-bearing interlayered sediments are...The complex distribution of gas hydrate in sediments makes understanding the mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments a challenging task.The mechanical behaviors of hydrate-bearing interlayered sediments are still poorly known.A series of triaxial shearing tests were conducted to investigate the strength parameters and deformation properties of methane hydrate-bearing interlayered sediments at the effective pressure of 1 MPa.The results indicate that the stress-strain curves of hydrate-bearing interlayered sediments are significantly different from that of hydrate-bearing sediments.The peak strength,Young's modulus,initial yielding modulus,and failure mode are deeply affected by the methane hydrate distribution.The failure behaviors and mechanism of strain softening and hardening patterns of the interlayered specimens are more complicated than those of the integrated specimens.This study compares the different mechanical behaviors between integrated and interlayered specimens containing gas hydrate,which can serve as a reference for the prediction and analysis of the deformation behaviors of natural gas hydrate reservoirs.展开更多
TC21 titanium alloy,as an important metal to fabricate the aircraft structural components,has attracted great attentions recently.A TC21 titanium alloy with widmanst?tten structure was isothermally compressed.Based on...TC21 titanium alloy,as an important metal to fabricate the aircraft structural components,has attracted great attentions recently.A TC21 titanium alloy with widmanst?tten structure was isothermally compressed.Based on the microstructure observation,the evolution of initialβgrain,Grain Boundaryαphase(α;),lamellar a and interlayeredβwas systematically investigated.The results showed that,with the increasing of height reduction,theα;underwent an evolution process from bending/kinking to breaking inducing the corresponding blurring of initial coarse b grain outline.Meanwhile,a significant phase transformation from a to b took place at the terminations of brokenα;.The evolution of lamellarαand interlayeredβin the colony was closely related to their deformation compatibility.In the a colony,the interlayered b experienced a larger deformation amount than lamellarα.The higher distortion energy promoted the occurrence of Dynamic Recovery(DRV)and Dynamic Recrystallization(DRX)to generate many Low Angle Boundaries(LABs)and High Angle Boundaries(HABs)in interlayered b,which induced an apparent grain refinement of b phase.On the contrary,the lower distortion energy and low deformation temperature suppressed the occurrence of DRV/DRX and restrained the globularization of lamellarα.Furthermore,the microstructure observation clearly revealed that the shearing separation mechanism dominated the evolution of the a phase from lamellar to short bar-like morphology.展开更多
Al-pillared interlayered montmorillonite (Al-PILM) was prepared using the artificial Na-montmorillonite from the Qingfengshan bentonite mine as a starting material mixed with Al-pillaring solutions.The microstructure ...Al-pillared interlayered montmorillonite (Al-PILM) was prepared using the artificial Na-montmorillonite from the Qingfengshan bentonite mine as a starting material mixed with Al-pillaring solutions.The microstructure of the materials was studied by an X-ray powder diffractometer and a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer.The results indicated that the basal spacing [d(001) value] of the materials was increased significantly to 1.9194 nm relative to Na-montmorillonite (1.2182 nm).After calcined for 2 h at 300℃,the basal spacing was stabilized at 1.8394 nm and the layered structure of the materials was not destroyed.Thermal analysis was conducted by a thermal gravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) instrument,it showed that Al-PILM lost physically adsorbed water below 230.6℃ and water formed by dehydroxylation of the pillars at around 497.1℃, with a peak of the phase transformation at 903.0℃.展开更多
The strong vertical discontinuities pose a fundamental challenge to optimizing stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)in multilayered reservoirs.This research proposes a radial borehole-assisted horizontal well fracturing te...The strong vertical discontinuities pose a fundamental challenge to optimizing stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)in multilayered reservoirs.This research proposes a radial borehole-assisted horizontal well fracturing technology,which is expected to achieve effective vertical stimulation and commingled production across multiple pay zones.Under different geological and engineering conditions,the vertical propagation behavior of hydraulic fractures guided by radial boreholes can be determined by adjusting the interlayered lithologies and radial borehole configurations in experimental samples.Experimental results reveal four fracture network patterns:passivated,cross-layer,skip-layer,and hybrid fractures in the radial borehole fracturing.The radial boreholes perform better fracture guiding performances in the high-brittleness interlayers,which form cross-layer and hybrid fracture networks to improve the growth height.Hydraulic fractures tend to propagate from high-strength to low-strength layers under radial borehole guidance.When radial boreholes interconnect multiple lithology layers,hydraulic fractures initiate preferentially in lower-strength zones rather than remaining confined to borehole root ends.Increased radial borehole length and diameter facilitate fracture skip-layer initiation and cross-layer propagation,while multiple borehole branches enhance fracture penetration across high-strength interlayers.Radial boreholes with inclination angles below 30°enhance fracture height by generating cross-layer and hybrid fracture networks.Furthermore,an inter-borehole phase angle of less than 180°facilitates single-wing fracture cross-layer propagation.Fracture height is primarily governed by radial borehole length,followed by quantity,inclination angle,and diameter.Based on the geometric similarity criteria,the recommended parameters for radial borehole-assisted fracturing in a 5 1/2-inch horizontal well include a length>15 m,an inclination angle<30°,and a diameter>52 mm to ensure effective stimulation across three or more pay zones.Finally,the field-scale numerical model was developed to simulate the optimized radial borehole fracturing and demonstrate the technical superiority.These findings are expected to provide an in-depth understanding of the effective stimulation in multilayered reservoirs.展开更多
Herein,3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was used to modify F‑containing silica slag(SS)by simple grafting and served as a multifunctional barrier layer.The amino group(—NH2)in the amino‑modified SS(NH2‑SS)forms lig...Herein,3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was used to modify F‑containing silica slag(SS)by simple grafting and served as a multifunctional barrier layer.The amino group(—NH2)in the amino‑modified SS(NH2‑SS)forms ligand bonds or hydrogen bonds with sulfur ions in lithium polysulfides(LiPSs),thus inhibiting the shuttle effect.Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that lithium‑sulfur(Li‑S)batteries employing the NH2‑SS interlayer exhibited discharge specific capacities of 1048 and 789 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.2C and 2C,respectively,and even at 4C,the initial discharge specific capacity remained at 590 mAh·g^(-1),outperforming the Li‑S battery with unmodified SS as the interlayer.展开更多
NaCu_(0.2)Fe_(0.3)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) (NCFM) cathode material was synthesized using a simple solid-state reaction, and the effect of calcination temperature on its interlayer spacing and oxygen vacancies concentration was i...NaCu_(0.2)Fe_(0.3)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) (NCFM) cathode material was synthesized using a simple solid-state reaction, and the effect of calcination temperature on its interlayer spacing and oxygen vacancies concentration was investigated. Through electrochemical testing and material characterizations, higher calcination temperatures increase the electrostatic repulsion between oxygen atoms in adjacent layers, resulting in an expansion of Na layer spacing. This structural change enhances the diffusion kinetics of Na^(+), thereby significantly improving the rate performance of NCFM. Furthermore, elevated calcination temperatures facilitate the reduction of oxygen vacancies, leading to improved crystallinity. This enhancement in crystallinity mitigates structural strain during phase transitions, contributing to improved cyclic stability. Consequently, the optimized NCFM shows an initial discharge specific capacity of 143.3 mA·h/g at 0.1C, with a capacity retention rate of 79.28% after 100 cycles at 1C.展开更多
Thermoelectric (TE) materials enable precise, noiseless, and moving-part-free waste heat recovery and solid-state refrigeration through the Seebeck and Peltier effects [1–3]. The efficiency of TE materials is typical...Thermoelectric (TE) materials enable precise, noiseless, and moving-part-free waste heat recovery and solid-state refrigeration through the Seebeck and Peltier effects [1–3]. The efficiency of TE materials is typically evaluated by a dimensionless figure of merit (ZT = S2σT/(κe+ κl)), which depends on the delicate interplay among the electrical conductivity (σ), Seebeck coefficient (S), lattice thermal conductivity (κl), and electronic thermal conductivity (κe) [4].展开更多
Driven by the trend of device miniaturization and high-density integration,the interaction between adjacent electrodes has become a critical factor affecting the interfacial reliability of thermoelectric(TE)structures...Driven by the trend of device miniaturization and high-density integration,the interaction between adjacent electrodes has become a critical factor affecting the interfacial reliability of thermoelectric(TE)structures.This study investigates the influence of adjoining electrode interactions on the interfacial response of a multi-electrode/TE substrate structure,including interfacial stresses and stress intensity factors at the electrode ends.To solve the corresponding boundary-value problem,the Fourier transforms are adopted to derive a governing integro-differential equation for the interfacial shear stress in multi-electrode systems,incorporating the TE effects as generalized forces on the right-hand side.The results show that both the interfacial tension and transverse stress in the electrodes are significantly affected by the presence of adjacent electrodes.The interaction between neighboring electrodes diminishes as their spacing increases or when an adhesive interlayer is introduced.Furthermore,the softer and thinner electrodes,the softer and thicker adhesive interlayer,and the smaller TE loads are found to be beneficial for improving the interfacial performance.These findings may contribute to the accurate measurement in surface sensors and layout design of multi-point health monitoring systems for TE structures.展开更多
Based on the Smit-Suhl formula,we propose a universal approach for solving the magnon-magnon coupling problem in bilayer coupled systems(e.g.,antiferromagnets).This method requires only the energy expression,enabling ...Based on the Smit-Suhl formula,we propose a universal approach for solving the magnon-magnon coupling problem in bilayer coupled systems(e.g.,antiferromagnets).This method requires only the energy expression,enabling the automatic derivation of analytical expressions for the eigenmatrix elements via symbolic computation,eliminating the need for tedious manual calculations.Using this approach,we investigate the impact of magnetic hysteresis on magnon-magnon coupling in a system with interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI).The magnetic hysteresis leads to an asymmetric magnetic field dependence of the resonance frequency and alters the number of degeneracy points between the pure optical and acoustic modes.Moreover,it can result in the coupling strength at the gap of the f–H phase diagram being nearly vanishing,contrary to the conventionally expected maximum.These results deepen the understanding of the effect of interlayer DMI on magnon–magnon coupling and the proposed universal method significantly streamlines the solving process of magnon–magnon coupling problems.展开更多
Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)are a promising technology for water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen.However,there are still challenges related key materials and anode/electrolyte interface.P-SO...Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)are a promising technology for water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen.However,there are still challenges related key materials and anode/electrolyte interface.P-SOECs with Zr-rich electrolyte,called Zr-rich side P-SOECs,possess high thermodynamically stability under high steam concentrations but the large reaction resistances and the current leakage,thus the inferior performances.In this study,an efficient functional interlayer Ba_(0.95)La_(0.05)Fe_(0.8)Zn_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BLFZ)in-between the anode and the electrolyte is developed.The electrochemical performances of P-SOECs are greatly enhanced because the BLFZ can greatly increase the interface contact,boost anode reaction kinetics,and increase proton injection into electrolyte.As a result,the P-SOEC yields high current density of 0.83 A cm^(-2) at 600℃ in 1.3 Vamong all the reported Zr-rich side cells.This work not only offers an efficient functional interlayer for P-SOECs but also holds the potential to achieve P-SOECs with high performances and long-term stability.展开更多
Regulating lithium(Li)plating/stripping behavior in three-dimensional(3D)conductive scaffolds is critical to stabilizing Li metal batteries(LMBs).Surface protrusions and roughness in these scaffolds can induce uneven ...Regulating lithium(Li)plating/stripping behavior in three-dimensional(3D)conductive scaffolds is critical to stabilizing Li metal batteries(LMBs).Surface protrusions and roughness in these scaffolds can induce uneven distributions of the electric fields and ionic concentrations,forming“hot spots.”Hot spots may cause uncontrollable Li dendrites growth,presenting significant challenges to the cycle stability and safety of LMBs.To address these issues,we construct a Li ionic conductive-dielectric gradient bifunctional interlayer(ICDL)onto a 3D Li-injected graphene/carbon nanotube scaffold(LGCF)via in situ reaction of exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride(fhBN)and molten Li.Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses reveal that ICDL consists of fhBN-rich outer layer and inner layer enriched with Li_(3)N and Li-boron composites(Li-B).The outer layer utilizes dielectric properties to effectively homogenize the electric field,while the inner layer ensures high Li ion conductivity.Moreover,DFT calculations indicate that ICDL can effectively adsorb Li and decrease the Li diffusion barrier,promoting enhanced Li ion transport.The modulation of Li kinetics by ICDL increases the critical length of the Li nucleus,enabling suppression of Li dendrite growth.Attributing to these advantages,the ICDL-coated LGCF(ICDL@LGCF)demonstrates impressive long-term cycle performances in both symmetric cells and full cells.展开更多
As artificial intelligence and big data become increasingly prevalent, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) has become one of the most promising alternatives for storing massive amounts of data. In this study, we emp...As artificial intelligence and big data become increasingly prevalent, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) has become one of the most promising alternatives for storing massive amounts of data. In this study, we employed high-quality crystalline TiN/Al_(2)O_(3)/BaTiO_(3)/Pt RRAM with an optimized thin Al_(2)O_(3) interlayer around 12 nm thick prepared using atomic layer deposition since the thickness of the interlayer affects the memory window size. After insertion of the Al_(2)O_(3) interlayer, the novel RRAM exhibited outstanding uniform resistive switching voltage and the ON/OFF memory window drastically increased from 10 to 103 without any discernible decline in performance. Moreover, the low-resistance state and high-resistance state operating current values decreased by almost one order and three orders of magnitude, respectively, thereby decreasing the power consumption for the RESET and SET processes by more than three and almost one order of magnitude, respectively. The device also exhibits multilevel resistive switching behavior when varying the applied voltage. Finally, we also developed a 6 6 crossbar array which demonstrated consistent and reliable resistive switching behavior with minimal variation. Hence, our approach holds great promise for producing state-of-the-art non-volatile resistive switching devices.展开更多
A functional interlayer based on two-dimensional(2D)porous modified vermiculite nanosheets(PVS)was obtained by acid-etching vermiculite nanosheets.The as-obtained 2D porous nanosheets exhibited a high specific surface...A functional interlayer based on two-dimensional(2D)porous modified vermiculite nanosheets(PVS)was obtained by acid-etching vermiculite nanosheets.The as-obtained 2D porous nanosheets exhibited a high specific surface area of 427 m^(2)·g^(-1)and rich surface active sites,which help restrain polysulfides(LiPSs)through good physi-cal and chemical adsorption,while simultaneously accelerating the nucleation and dissolution kinetics of Li_(2)S,effec-tively suppressing the shuttle effect.The assembled lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)employing the PVS-based inter-layer delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 1386 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1C(167.5 mAh·g^(-1)),long-term cycling stabil-ity,and good rate property.展开更多
Due to its unique layered structure and excellent electrochemical properties,molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))demonstrates significant potential for applications in the energy storage field,particularly in supercapacitors...Due to its unique layered structure and excellent electrochemical properties,molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))demonstrates significant potential for applications in the energy storage field,particularly in supercapacitors.It is widely regarded as one of the most representative transition metal dichalcogenides.MoS_(2)possesses a high theoretical specific capacitance,abundant edge active sites,and favorable tunability and structural diversity,which provide it with a distinct advantage in the construction of advanced electrode structures.Additionally,the anisotropic characteristics of MoS_(2)concerning electron and ion transport offer more dimensions for regulating its electrochemical behavior.This work will systematically review various synthesis strategies for MoS_(2)and its recent advancements in energy storage,with a particular focus on the mechanisms by which interlayer spacing modulation affects energy storage behavior in supercapacitor configurations.The discussion will encompass a comprehensive logical framework that spans material structure modifications,electronic configuration evolution,and enhancements in macroscopic device performance.This review aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the application of MoS_(2)in the next generation of highperformance energy storage devices.展开更多
The transient liquid-phase(TLP)diffusion bonding of GH5188 with a BNi-5 interlayer was focused on.Parameters were chosen and optimized for GH5188 alloy according to the TLP joining mechanism.The microstructure evoluti...The transient liquid-phase(TLP)diffusion bonding of GH5188 with a BNi-5 interlayer was focused on.Parameters were chosen and optimized for GH5188 alloy according to the TLP joining mechanism.The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the joints were studied.Results show that the relatively complete isothermal solidification zone(ISZ)ensures a reliable connection of the base metal(BM).Within the temperature range of 1110–1190°C,higher bonding temperatures can widen ISZ and promote joint composition homogenization,thus improving mechanical properties.However,the increase in precipitated phase has an adverse effect on the mechanical properties of the joint.The maximum shear strength,reaching 482 MPa,is achieved at 1130°C,representing 84.6%of BM strength.Within the pressure range of 5–15 MPa,both precipitated phases in adiabatic solidification zone(ASZ)and voids generated by partial melting increase.On the contrary,their sizes decrease significantly under higher bonding pressure,resulting in an upward trend in alloy mechanical properties.The maximum shear strength of 490 MPa is attained at a bonding pressure of 15 MPa.The joint exhibits a typical mixed fracture pattern,with the small brittle M_(23)C_(6) phase and voids significantly impacting mechanical properties.Nano-indentation tests indicate that ASZ is a potential source of cracks.展开更多
Due to the weak interlayer interactions,the binary Ⅲ-Ⅵ chalcogenides Ga Se can exist in several distinct polymorphs.Among them,the so-called β-and ε-phases simultaneously exhibit favorable total energies and moder...Due to the weak interlayer interactions,the binary Ⅲ-Ⅵ chalcogenides Ga Se can exist in several distinct polymorphs.Among them,the so-called β-and ε-phases simultaneously exhibit favorable total energies and moderate band gaps,which offer a good platform to explore their thermoelectric properties.Here,we demonstrate by first-principles calculations that the two systems have very similar band structures and phonon dispersions,despite different stacking sequences between adjacent layers.Interestingly,the lattice thermal conductivity of ε-GaSe is obviously lower than that of β-GaSe,which is inherently tied to stronger lattice anharmonicity caused by bonding heterogeneity.Besides,both systems exhibit higher p-type power factors due to doubly degenerate bands with weaker dispersions around the valence band maximum.As a consequence,a significantly enhanced p-type figure-of-merit of 2.1 can be realized at 700 K along the out-of-plane direction of theε-phase.展开更多
Earth-abundant,layered birnessite is promising cathode for electrochemical capacitors due to the presence of confined nanofluids in interlayers for rapid ion storage.Previous work has demonstrated the capacitive co-in...Earth-abundant,layered birnessite is promising cathode for electrochemical capacitors due to the presence of confined nanofluids in interlayers for rapid ion storage.Previous work has demonstrated the capacitive co-intercalation of water and K+ions into birnessite in aqueous electrolytes,but in-depth quantitative investigations of the interactions between confined water and an external organic electrolyte are still lacking.In this work,we reveal the intercalation pseudocapacitance of hydrated birnessite(Na_(0.4)MnO_(2)·0.53H_(2)O)in sodium-based organic electrolytes via operando electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance(EQCM),and ex situ X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.The Na+ions are completely desolvated at the Na_(0.4)MnO_(2)·0.53H_(2)O-organic electrolyte interfaces and intercalate into the interlayers,while the confined water does not co-extract.The net Na+intercalation is a pseudocapacitive behavior without phase changes,displaying a high capacitive contribution of 85.6%at 1.0 m V/s.Additionally,EQCM results indicate the contributions of cation-dominated electric double layer(EDL)adsorption to the total charge storage.By replacing different solvents and anions in sodium-based organic electrolytes,we verify that Na+pseudocapacitive intercalation dominates the charge storage properties.展开更多
The potential of the vertical-horizontal well hybrid SAGD technique for developing shallow heavy oil reservoirs is gradually being realized.However,challenges remain in terms of low thermal efficiency and high carbon ...The potential of the vertical-horizontal well hybrid SAGD technique for developing shallow heavy oil reservoirs is gradually being realized.However,challenges remain in terms of low thermal efficiency and high carbon emissions in reservoirs with interlayers.Currently,there is limited research on the low-carbon strategy of coupling exhaust gas from steam boilers with the VH-SAGD technique.Herein,considering heterogeneity,a series of flue gas-assisted VH-SAGD experiments were conducted employing a high-performance 2D visualization model.The mechanism of enhanced recovery of flue gas in VH-SAGD and the effect of its injection methods were studied,with a focus on steam chamber development and oil saturation distribution.Crucially,the interlayer length was optimized to enhance oil recovery,providing a new perspective for well location design in heavy oil reservoirs with interlayers.The results showed that flue gas,as an additive,could fully exploit the well-type advantage of VH-SAGD.By supplementing energy at the reservoir top,flue gas effectively promoted steam chamber development,expanded the oil drainage area of VH-SAGD,and increased the oil recovery from 58.9%to 71.7%.The flow channels formed by pre-injection flue gas accelerated the early-stage expansion of the steam chamber while also inducing lateral migration of steam,slowing steam rise,and consequently increasing the heating range within the low-permeability layer.When the distance between the vertical and horizontal wells was set to twice the interlayer length,the negative effects of the interlayer were more effectively turned into advantages.Because when the lateral development distance of the steam chamber in the low-permeability layer slightly exceeds the interlayer,enhanced heating of the lower part of the reservoir occurred through vertical convection of rising steam and returning condensate.The research results contribute to reducing carbon emissions from steam-based heavy oil extraction while advancing the maturity of VH-SAGD.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21971012,61933002,21601015,21625102,21674012,and 81601549)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB1506300)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars。
文摘The hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)as a new type of porous framework materials have been widely studied in various areas.However,the lack of appropriate active sites,low intrinsic conductivity,and poor stability limited their performance in the field of electrocatalysis.Herein,we designed two 2D metal hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(2D–M–HOF,M=Cu^(2+)or Ni^(2+))with coordination compounds based on 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexahydroxyl cyclotricatechylene and transition metal ions(Cu^(2+)and Ni^(2+)),respectively.The crystal structure of 2D–Cu–HOF is determined by continuous rotation electron diffraction,indicating an undulated 2D hydrogen-bond network with interlayeredπ-πstacking.The flexible structure of 2D–M–HOF leads to the formation of self-adaption interlayered sites,resulting in superior activity and selectivity in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) to C_(2) products,achieving a total Faradaic efficiency exceeding 80%due to the high-efficiency C–C coupling.The experimental results and density functional calculations verify that the undulated 2D–M–HOF enables the energetically favorable formation of*OCCHO intermediate.This work provides a promising strategy for designing HOF catalysts in electrocatalysis and related processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41976074)National Key Research and Development Plan (No. 2017YFC030 7600)+2 种基金the Taishan Scholar Special Experts Project (No. ts201712079)Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (No. QNLM2016ORP0207)the Graduate School Innovation Program of China University of Petroleum (East China) (No. YCX2019020)
文摘The complex distribution of gas hydrate in sediments makes understanding the mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments a challenging task.The mechanical behaviors of hydrate-bearing interlayered sediments are still poorly known.A series of triaxial shearing tests were conducted to investigate the strength parameters and deformation properties of methane hydrate-bearing interlayered sediments at the effective pressure of 1 MPa.The results indicate that the stress-strain curves of hydrate-bearing interlayered sediments are significantly different from that of hydrate-bearing sediments.The peak strength,Young's modulus,initial yielding modulus,and failure mode are deeply affected by the methane hydrate distribution.The failure behaviors and mechanism of strain softening and hardening patterns of the interlayered specimens are more complicated than those of the integrated specimens.This study compares the different mechanical behaviors between integrated and interlayered specimens containing gas hydrate,which can serve as a reference for the prediction and analysis of the deformation behaviors of natural gas hydrate reservoirs.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51971046)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2020CDJGFCL005)。
文摘TC21 titanium alloy,as an important metal to fabricate the aircraft structural components,has attracted great attentions recently.A TC21 titanium alloy with widmanst?tten structure was isothermally compressed.Based on the microstructure observation,the evolution of initialβgrain,Grain Boundaryαphase(α;),lamellar a and interlayeredβwas systematically investigated.The results showed that,with the increasing of height reduction,theα;underwent an evolution process from bending/kinking to breaking inducing the corresponding blurring of initial coarse b grain outline.Meanwhile,a significant phase transformation from a to b took place at the terminations of brokenα;.The evolution of lamellarαand interlayeredβin the colony was closely related to their deformation compatibility.In the a colony,the interlayered b experienced a larger deformation amount than lamellarα.The higher distortion energy promoted the occurrence of Dynamic Recovery(DRV)and Dynamic Recrystallization(DRX)to generate many Low Angle Boundaries(LABs)and High Angle Boundaries(HABs)in interlayered b,which induced an apparent grain refinement of b phase.On the contrary,the lower distortion energy and low deformation temperature suppressed the occurrence of DRV/DRX and restrained the globularization of lamellarα.Furthermore,the microstructure observation clearly revealed that the shearing separation mechanism dominated the evolution of the a phase from lamellar to short bar-like morphology.
文摘Al-pillared interlayered montmorillonite (Al-PILM) was prepared using the artificial Na-montmorillonite from the Qingfengshan bentonite mine as a starting material mixed with Al-pillaring solutions.The microstructure of the materials was studied by an X-ray powder diffractometer and a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer.The results indicated that the basal spacing [d(001) value] of the materials was increased significantly to 1.9194 nm relative to Na-montmorillonite (1.2182 nm).After calcined for 2 h at 300℃,the basal spacing was stabilized at 1.8394 nm and the layered structure of the materials was not destroyed.Thermal analysis was conducted by a thermal gravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) instrument,it showed that Al-PILM lost physically adsorbed water below 230.6℃ and water formed by dehydroxylation of the pillars at around 497.1℃, with a peak of the phase transformation at 903.0℃.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U24B6001,52421002,52474016,and 52020105001)Research on Key Technologies for Exploration and Development of Dry Geothermal Resources(No.2022DJ5503)Deep-land National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2024ZD1003504).
文摘The strong vertical discontinuities pose a fundamental challenge to optimizing stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)in multilayered reservoirs.This research proposes a radial borehole-assisted horizontal well fracturing technology,which is expected to achieve effective vertical stimulation and commingled production across multiple pay zones.Under different geological and engineering conditions,the vertical propagation behavior of hydraulic fractures guided by radial boreholes can be determined by adjusting the interlayered lithologies and radial borehole configurations in experimental samples.Experimental results reveal four fracture network patterns:passivated,cross-layer,skip-layer,and hybrid fractures in the radial borehole fracturing.The radial boreholes perform better fracture guiding performances in the high-brittleness interlayers,which form cross-layer and hybrid fracture networks to improve the growth height.Hydraulic fractures tend to propagate from high-strength to low-strength layers under radial borehole guidance.When radial boreholes interconnect multiple lithology layers,hydraulic fractures initiate preferentially in lower-strength zones rather than remaining confined to borehole root ends.Increased radial borehole length and diameter facilitate fracture skip-layer initiation and cross-layer propagation,while multiple borehole branches enhance fracture penetration across high-strength interlayers.Radial boreholes with inclination angles below 30°enhance fracture height by generating cross-layer and hybrid fracture networks.Furthermore,an inter-borehole phase angle of less than 180°facilitates single-wing fracture cross-layer propagation.Fracture height is primarily governed by radial borehole length,followed by quantity,inclination angle,and diameter.Based on the geometric similarity criteria,the recommended parameters for radial borehole-assisted fracturing in a 5 1/2-inch horizontal well include a length>15 m,an inclination angle<30°,and a diameter>52 mm to ensure effective stimulation across three or more pay zones.Finally,the field-scale numerical model was developed to simulate the optimized radial borehole fracturing and demonstrate the technical superiority.These findings are expected to provide an in-depth understanding of the effective stimulation in multilayered reservoirs.
文摘Herein,3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was used to modify F‑containing silica slag(SS)by simple grafting and served as a multifunctional barrier layer.The amino group(—NH2)in the amino‑modified SS(NH2‑SS)forms ligand bonds or hydrogen bonds with sulfur ions in lithium polysulfides(LiPSs),thus inhibiting the shuttle effect.Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that lithium‑sulfur(Li‑S)batteries employing the NH2‑SS interlayer exhibited discharge specific capacities of 1048 and 789 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.2C and 2C,respectively,and even at 4C,the initial discharge specific capacity remained at 590 mAh·g^(-1),outperforming the Li‑S battery with unmodified SS as the interlayer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12175089)the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province,China(No.202103AF140006)+2 种基金Basic Research Programs of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department,China(Nos.202001AW070004,202301AS070051,202401AV070008)Yunnan Industrial Innovative Talents Program for“Xingdian Talent Support Plan”,China(No.KKXY202252001)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects,China(No.202202AG050003)。
文摘NaCu_(0.2)Fe_(0.3)Mn_(0.5)O_(2) (NCFM) cathode material was synthesized using a simple solid-state reaction, and the effect of calcination temperature on its interlayer spacing and oxygen vacancies concentration was investigated. Through electrochemical testing and material characterizations, higher calcination temperatures increase the electrostatic repulsion between oxygen atoms in adjacent layers, resulting in an expansion of Na layer spacing. This structural change enhances the diffusion kinetics of Na^(+), thereby significantly improving the rate performance of NCFM. Furthermore, elevated calcination temperatures facilitate the reduction of oxygen vacancies, leading to improved crystallinity. This enhancement in crystallinity mitigates structural strain during phase transitions, contributing to improved cyclic stability. Consequently, the optimized NCFM shows an initial discharge specific capacity of 143.3 mA·h/g at 0.1C, with a capacity retention rate of 79.28% after 100 cycles at 1C.
基金supports from the Department of Education of Liaoning Province (LJ242510147006)
文摘Thermoelectric (TE) materials enable precise, noiseless, and moving-part-free waste heat recovery and solid-state refrigeration through the Seebeck and Peltier effects [1–3]. The efficiency of TE materials is typically evaluated by a dimensionless figure of merit (ZT = S2σT/(κe+ κl)), which depends on the delicate interplay among the electrical conductivity (σ), Seebeck coefficient (S), lattice thermal conductivity (κl), and electronic thermal conductivity (κe) [4].
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12502117,12272269,11972257)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia of China(No.2024AAC03018)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Shanghai Gaofeng Project for University Academic Program Development。
文摘Driven by the trend of device miniaturization and high-density integration,the interaction between adjacent electrodes has become a critical factor affecting the interfacial reliability of thermoelectric(TE)structures.This study investigates the influence of adjoining electrode interactions on the interfacial response of a multi-electrode/TE substrate structure,including interfacial stresses and stress intensity factors at the electrode ends.To solve the corresponding boundary-value problem,the Fourier transforms are adopted to derive a governing integro-differential equation for the interfacial shear stress in multi-electrode systems,incorporating the TE effects as generalized forces on the right-hand side.The results show that both the interfacial tension and transverse stress in the electrodes are significantly affected by the presence of adjacent electrodes.The interaction between neighboring electrodes diminishes as their spacing increases or when an adhesive interlayer is introduced.Furthermore,the softer and thinner electrodes,the softer and thicker adhesive interlayer,and the smaller TE loads are found to be beneficial for improving the interfacial performance.These findings may contribute to the accurate measurement in surface sensors and layout design of multi-point health monitoring systems for TE structures.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (MOST)(Grant No.2022YFA1402800)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Presidents International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI)(Grant No.2025PG0006)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(Grant Nos.51831012,12274437,and 52161160334)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (Grant No.YSBR-084)the CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Teamthe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2025M773402)。
文摘Based on the Smit-Suhl formula,we propose a universal approach for solving the magnon-magnon coupling problem in bilayer coupled systems(e.g.,antiferromagnets).This method requires only the energy expression,enabling the automatic derivation of analytical expressions for the eigenmatrix elements via symbolic computation,eliminating the need for tedious manual calculations.Using this approach,we investigate the impact of magnetic hysteresis on magnon-magnon coupling in a system with interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI).The magnetic hysteresis leads to an asymmetric magnetic field dependence of the resonance frequency and alters the number of degeneracy points between the pure optical and acoustic modes.Moreover,it can result in the coupling strength at the gap of the f–H phase diagram being nearly vanishing,contrary to the conventionally expected maximum.These results deepen the understanding of the effect of interlayer DMI on magnon–magnon coupling and the proposed universal method significantly streamlines the solving process of magnon–magnon coupling problems.
基金financial support from the JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B),No.21H02035KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research(Exploratory),No.21K19017+2 种基金KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas(B),No.21H05100National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.22409033 and No.22409035Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2022A1515110470.
文摘Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)are a promising technology for water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen.However,there are still challenges related key materials and anode/electrolyte interface.P-SOECs with Zr-rich electrolyte,called Zr-rich side P-SOECs,possess high thermodynamically stability under high steam concentrations but the large reaction resistances and the current leakage,thus the inferior performances.In this study,an efficient functional interlayer Ba_(0.95)La_(0.05)Fe_(0.8)Zn_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BLFZ)in-between the anode and the electrolyte is developed.The electrochemical performances of P-SOECs are greatly enhanced because the BLFZ can greatly increase the interface contact,boost anode reaction kinetics,and increase proton injection into electrolyte.As a result,the P-SOEC yields high current density of 0.83 A cm^(-2) at 600℃ in 1.3 Vamong all the reported Zr-rich side cells.This work not only offers an efficient functional interlayer for P-SOECs but also holds the potential to achieve P-SOECs with high performances and long-term stability.
基金the financial support from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2023R1A2C2007699 and 2022R1A6A1A0306303912)the Nano Material Technology Development Program through the NRF funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF-2015M3A7B6027970)the Technology Innovation Program by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (RS-202300236794)
文摘Regulating lithium(Li)plating/stripping behavior in three-dimensional(3D)conductive scaffolds is critical to stabilizing Li metal batteries(LMBs).Surface protrusions and roughness in these scaffolds can induce uneven distributions of the electric fields and ionic concentrations,forming“hot spots.”Hot spots may cause uncontrollable Li dendrites growth,presenting significant challenges to the cycle stability and safety of LMBs.To address these issues,we construct a Li ionic conductive-dielectric gradient bifunctional interlayer(ICDL)onto a 3D Li-injected graphene/carbon nanotube scaffold(LGCF)via in situ reaction of exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride(fhBN)and molten Li.Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses reveal that ICDL consists of fhBN-rich outer layer and inner layer enriched with Li_(3)N and Li-boron composites(Li-B).The outer layer utilizes dielectric properties to effectively homogenize the electric field,while the inner layer ensures high Li ion conductivity.Moreover,DFT calculations indicate that ICDL can effectively adsorb Li and decrease the Li diffusion barrier,promoting enhanced Li ion transport.The modulation of Li kinetics by ICDL increases the critical length of the Li nucleus,enabling suppression of Li dendrite growth.Attributing to these advantages,the ICDL-coated LGCF(ICDL@LGCF)demonstrates impressive long-term cycle performances in both symmetric cells and full cells.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Korean Government(grant No.RS-2023-00208801).
文摘As artificial intelligence and big data become increasingly prevalent, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) has become one of the most promising alternatives for storing massive amounts of data. In this study, we employed high-quality crystalline TiN/Al_(2)O_(3)/BaTiO_(3)/Pt RRAM with an optimized thin Al_(2)O_(3) interlayer around 12 nm thick prepared using atomic layer deposition since the thickness of the interlayer affects the memory window size. After insertion of the Al_(2)O_(3) interlayer, the novel RRAM exhibited outstanding uniform resistive switching voltage and the ON/OFF memory window drastically increased from 10 to 103 without any discernible decline in performance. Moreover, the low-resistance state and high-resistance state operating current values decreased by almost one order and three orders of magnitude, respectively, thereby decreasing the power consumption for the RESET and SET processes by more than three and almost one order of magnitude, respectively. The device also exhibits multilevel resistive switching behavior when varying the applied voltage. Finally, we also developed a 6 6 crossbar array which demonstrated consistent and reliable resistive switching behavior with minimal variation. Hence, our approach holds great promise for producing state-of-the-art non-volatile resistive switching devices.
文摘A functional interlayer based on two-dimensional(2D)porous modified vermiculite nanosheets(PVS)was obtained by acid-etching vermiculite nanosheets.The as-obtained 2D porous nanosheets exhibited a high specific surface area of 427 m^(2)·g^(-1)and rich surface active sites,which help restrain polysulfides(LiPSs)through good physi-cal and chemical adsorption,while simultaneously accelerating the nucleation and dissolution kinetics of Li_(2)S,effec-tively suppressing the shuttle effect.The assembled lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)employing the PVS-based inter-layer delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 1386 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1C(167.5 mAh·g^(-1)),long-term cycling stabil-ity,and good rate property.
文摘Due to its unique layered structure and excellent electrochemical properties,molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))demonstrates significant potential for applications in the energy storage field,particularly in supercapacitors.It is widely regarded as one of the most representative transition metal dichalcogenides.MoS_(2)possesses a high theoretical specific capacitance,abundant edge active sites,and favorable tunability and structural diversity,which provide it with a distinct advantage in the construction of advanced electrode structures.Additionally,the anisotropic characteristics of MoS_(2)concerning electron and ion transport offer more dimensions for regulating its electrochemical behavior.This work will systematically review various synthesis strategies for MoS_(2)and its recent advancements in energy storage,with a particular focus on the mechanisms by which interlayer spacing modulation affects energy storage behavior in supercapacitor configurations.The discussion will encompass a comprehensive logical framework that spans material structure modifications,electronic configuration evolution,and enhancements in macroscopic device performance.This review aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the application of MoS_(2)in the next generation of highperformance energy storage devices.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52075449,5197052086)。
文摘The transient liquid-phase(TLP)diffusion bonding of GH5188 with a BNi-5 interlayer was focused on.Parameters were chosen and optimized for GH5188 alloy according to the TLP joining mechanism.The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the joints were studied.Results show that the relatively complete isothermal solidification zone(ISZ)ensures a reliable connection of the base metal(BM).Within the temperature range of 1110–1190°C,higher bonding temperatures can widen ISZ and promote joint composition homogenization,thus improving mechanical properties.However,the increase in precipitated phase has an adverse effect on the mechanical properties of the joint.The maximum shear strength,reaching 482 MPa,is achieved at 1130°C,representing 84.6%of BM strength.Within the pressure range of 5–15 MPa,both precipitated phases in adiabatic solidification zone(ASZ)and voids generated by partial melting increase.On the contrary,their sizes decrease significantly under higher bonding pressure,resulting in an upward trend in alloy mechanical properties.The maximum shear strength of 490 MPa is attained at a bonding pressure of 15 MPa.The joint exhibits a typical mixed fracture pattern,with the small brittle M_(23)C_(6) phase and voids significantly impacting mechanical properties.Nano-indentation tests indicate that ASZ is a potential source of cracks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62074114 and 12474019)。
文摘Due to the weak interlayer interactions,the binary Ⅲ-Ⅵ chalcogenides Ga Se can exist in several distinct polymorphs.Among them,the so-called β-and ε-phases simultaneously exhibit favorable total energies and moderate band gaps,which offer a good platform to explore their thermoelectric properties.Here,we demonstrate by first-principles calculations that the two systems have very similar band structures and phonon dispersions,despite different stacking sequences between adjacent layers.Interestingly,the lattice thermal conductivity of ε-GaSe is obviously lower than that of β-GaSe,which is inherently tied to stronger lattice anharmonicity caused by bonding heterogeneity.Besides,both systems exhibit higher p-type power factors due to doubly degenerate bands with weaker dispersions around the valence band maximum.As a consequence,a significantly enhanced p-type figure-of-merit of 2.1 can be realized at 700 K along the out-of-plane direction of theε-phase.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22179113)the Guangdong High-Level Innovation Institute Project(No.2021B0909050001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.20720230028)。
文摘Earth-abundant,layered birnessite is promising cathode for electrochemical capacitors due to the presence of confined nanofluids in interlayers for rapid ion storage.Previous work has demonstrated the capacitive co-intercalation of water and K+ions into birnessite in aqueous electrolytes,but in-depth quantitative investigations of the interactions between confined water and an external organic electrolyte are still lacking.In this work,we reveal the intercalation pseudocapacitance of hydrated birnessite(Na_(0.4)MnO_(2)·0.53H_(2)O)in sodium-based organic electrolytes via operando electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance(EQCM),and ex situ X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.The Na+ions are completely desolvated at the Na_(0.4)MnO_(2)·0.53H_(2)O-organic electrolyte interfaces and intercalate into the interlayers,while the confined water does not co-extract.The net Na+intercalation is a pseudocapacitive behavior without phase changes,displaying a high capacitive contribution of 85.6%at 1.0 m V/s.Additionally,EQCM results indicate the contributions of cation-dominated electric double layer(EDL)adsorption to the total charge storage.By replacing different solvents and anions in sodium-based organic electrolytes,we verify that Na+pseudocapacitive intercalation dominates the charge storage properties.
基金support for this work is received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22B20144).
文摘The potential of the vertical-horizontal well hybrid SAGD technique for developing shallow heavy oil reservoirs is gradually being realized.However,challenges remain in terms of low thermal efficiency and high carbon emissions in reservoirs with interlayers.Currently,there is limited research on the low-carbon strategy of coupling exhaust gas from steam boilers with the VH-SAGD technique.Herein,considering heterogeneity,a series of flue gas-assisted VH-SAGD experiments were conducted employing a high-performance 2D visualization model.The mechanism of enhanced recovery of flue gas in VH-SAGD and the effect of its injection methods were studied,with a focus on steam chamber development and oil saturation distribution.Crucially,the interlayer length was optimized to enhance oil recovery,providing a new perspective for well location design in heavy oil reservoirs with interlayers.The results showed that flue gas,as an additive,could fully exploit the well-type advantage of VH-SAGD.By supplementing energy at the reservoir top,flue gas effectively promoted steam chamber development,expanded the oil drainage area of VH-SAGD,and increased the oil recovery from 58.9%to 71.7%.The flow channels formed by pre-injection flue gas accelerated the early-stage expansion of the steam chamber while also inducing lateral migration of steam,slowing steam rise,and consequently increasing the heating range within the low-permeability layer.When the distance between the vertical and horizontal wells was set to twice the interlayer length,the negative effects of the interlayer were more effectively turned into advantages.Because when the lateral development distance of the steam chamber in the low-permeability layer slightly exceeds the interlayer,enhanced heating of the lower part of the reservoir occurred through vertical convection of rising steam and returning condensate.The research results contribute to reducing carbon emissions from steam-based heavy oil extraction while advancing the maturity of VH-SAGD.
