Curcumin metabolism by the human gut microbiota results in bioactive metabolites,but the transformation process and its variability among individuals remain poorly understood.This study aimed to investigate the metabo...Curcumin metabolism by the human gut microbiota results in bioactive metabolites,but the transformation process and its variability among individuals remain poorly understood.This study aimed to investigate the metabolic transformation of curcumin by gut microbiota from different donors using in vitro anaerobic fermentation.Metabolites were identified and quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)-orbitrap fusion tribrid mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).Sixteen metabolites were identified,including novel methylated and acetylated derivatives reported for the first time.Time-course analyses revealed significant differences in both the types and concentrations of curcumin metabolites produced in fecal fermentation cultures from different donors.For instance,methylated and acetylated metabolites were exclusively detected in donor 5,while donor 2 exhibited the highest production of didemethylated metabolites.Correlation analysis further demonstrated associations between the production of curcumin metabolites and specific bacterial taxa.For example,didemethylated metabolites were strongly correlated with Olsenella,Aldercreutizia,Slackia,Blautia,Roseburia,and Coprococcus.2.In summary,these findings uncover new curcumin metabolites,emphasize the variability among donors in curcumin metabolite production,and provide valuable insights into understanding gut microbiota-curcumin interactions.展开更多
Recent developments allowed establishing virtual-reality (VR) setups to study multiple aspects of visual learning in honey bees under controlled experimental conditions. Here, we adopted a VR environment to investigat...Recent developments allowed establishing virtual-reality (VR) setups to study multiple aspects of visual learning in honey bees under controlled experimental conditions. Here, we adopted a VR environment to investigate the visual learning in the buff-tailed bumble bee Bombus terrestris. Based on responses to appetitive and aversive reinforcements used for conditioning, we show that bumble bees had the proper appetitive motivation to engage in the VR experiments and that they learned efficiently elemental color discriminations. In doing so, they reduced the latency to make a choice, increased the proportion of direct paths toward the virtual stimuli and walked faster toward them. Performance in a short-term retention test showed that bumble bees chose and fixated longer on the correct stimulus in the absence of reinforcement. Body size and weight, although variable across individuals, did not affect cognitive performances and had a mild impact on motor performances. Overall, we show that bumble bees are suitable experimental subjects for experiments on visual learning under VR conditions, which opens important perspectives for invasive studies on the neural and molecular bases of such learning given the robustness of these insects and the accessibility of their brain.展开更多
基金partially supported by the National Institutes of Health(R01AT010229)the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA NIFA grants 2020-67017-30835,2020-67017-30844)USDA Hatch Multistate (MAS00606).
文摘Curcumin metabolism by the human gut microbiota results in bioactive metabolites,but the transformation process and its variability among individuals remain poorly understood.This study aimed to investigate the metabolic transformation of curcumin by gut microbiota from different donors using in vitro anaerobic fermentation.Metabolites were identified and quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)-orbitrap fusion tribrid mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).Sixteen metabolites were identified,including novel methylated and acetylated derivatives reported for the first time.Time-course analyses revealed significant differences in both the types and concentrations of curcumin metabolites produced in fecal fermentation cultures from different donors.For instance,methylated and acetylated metabolites were exclusively detected in donor 5,while donor 2 exhibited the highest production of didemethylated metabolites.Correlation analysis further demonstrated associations between the production of curcumin metabolites and specific bacterial taxa.For example,didemethylated metabolites were strongly correlated with Olsenella,Aldercreutizia,Slackia,Blautia,Roseburia,and Coprococcus.2.In summary,these findings uncover new curcumin metabolites,emphasize the variability among donors in curcumin metabolite production,and provide valuable insights into understanding gut microbiota-curcumin interactions.
文摘Recent developments allowed establishing virtual-reality (VR) setups to study multiple aspects of visual learning in honey bees under controlled experimental conditions. Here, we adopted a VR environment to investigate the visual learning in the buff-tailed bumble bee Bombus terrestris. Based on responses to appetitive and aversive reinforcements used for conditioning, we show that bumble bees had the proper appetitive motivation to engage in the VR experiments and that they learned efficiently elemental color discriminations. In doing so, they reduced the latency to make a choice, increased the proportion of direct paths toward the virtual stimuli and walked faster toward them. Performance in a short-term retention test showed that bumble bees chose and fixated longer on the correct stimulus in the absence of reinforcement. Body size and weight, although variable across individuals, did not affect cognitive performances and had a mild impact on motor performances. Overall, we show that bumble bees are suitable experimental subjects for experiments on visual learning under VR conditions, which opens important perspectives for invasive studies on the neural and molecular bases of such learning given the robustness of these insects and the accessibility of their brain.
