China's rapid population aging and remarkable family-level changes have raised concerns about the weakening of its family-based elderly care.The last decade indeed has seen a clear departure from multigenerational...China's rapid population aging and remarkable family-level changes have raised concerns about the weakening of its family-based elderly care.The last decade indeed has seen a clear departure from multigenerational living to alternative living arrangements such as living with spouse only and solo living.However,ample evidence suggests that Chinese families have demonstrated considerable resilience amidst profound sociodemographic changes.This review article highlights the importance of government–society cooperation in meeting the social challenges of population aging.A key factor is the persistient filial piety norms,which enable children living far or close,migrant or nonmigrant,to rearrange financial,instrumental,and emotional support to aging parents.Equally important is the step-in of the government to share elderly care responsibilities,provide support through deepening pension and healthcare reforms,and implement the active and healthy aging agenda.How the two factors play out over the next decade and beyond will have profound implications on the living arrangement,intergenerational support,and wellbeing of older adults in China.展开更多
The reduction of economic development inequality is widely recognized as a means of promoting household consumption.Using nighttime light data combined with household survey datasets from 2010 to 2020,this paper inves...The reduction of economic development inequality is widely recognized as a means of promoting household consumption.Using nighttime light data combined with household survey datasets from 2010 to 2020,this paper investigated the impact of inequality on household consumption in China.The results revealed a significant negative relationship,which remained robust after instrumental variable regressions and multiple robustness checks.The effect was strongest among married households with children and insignificant for those unmarried or without children.Further analysis showed that the inequality-consumption relationship varied with the gender composition,marital status,and the age of household heads,as well as the number and educational level of children,emphasizing the role of intergenerational support in shaping up the inequality-consumption nexus.The study found that increased government spending on education effectively alleviated the adverse impact of inequality on household consumption.展开更多
Based on two waves of CHARLS data,this paper uses descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression estimation model to analyze the effect of age on the intergenerational economic support for the rural elderly w...Based on two waves of CHARLS data,this paper uses descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression estimation model to analyze the effect of age on the intergenerational economic support for the rural elderly within the framework of three-generation lineal group families.The study found that the diffusion effect of age on the intergenerational economic support for the rural elderly still existed when using a five-year age group model as the measure.In the distribution of intergenerational economic support for the rural elderly by age group,there was a notable decline in economic support from the filial generation for those aged 85 and above.For the age group of 85 and above,it was the grandchild generation that gradually increased its economic support,the result of a form of intergenerational relay for the care of the elderly.Comparison of the two waves of data reveals that familism still exhibits a strong resilience and is behind the intergenerational cooperation in Chinese rural families.The culture of filial piety and respect for elders,which reflects China’s national characteristics as well as contemporary values,should continue to be promoted.To achieve this,it is necessary to maintain the supportive function of family-based care for the rural elderly through family-friendly policies and the systematic improvement of the current multi-tiered policies for the care of the rural elderly.展开更多
Singapore started to tackle the challenges of an aging society in the 1980s after its fertility declined to sub-replacement levels.A core component of the city-state’s aging policy is to foster intergenerational supp...Singapore started to tackle the challenges of an aging society in the 1980s after its fertility declined to sub-replacement levels.A core component of the city-state’s aging policy is to foster intergenerational support,which is based on the value of filial piety,harmonious intergenerational relations,and the elderly as a resource.This paper introduces the concept of state familism to capture Singapore’s comprehensive efforts to strengthen the role of the family in old-age support while promoting mutual assistance across generations.The relevant policies range from the Central Provident Fund,housing,taxation,to old-age support packages.These efforts distinguish Singapore from other Asian countries where the role of the family is sometimes stressed more in rhetoric than in action.State familism in Singapore has drawn criticisms as it is perceived as an attempt to reduce the government’s responsibility.In the recent decade,the Singapore state significantly increased direct financial support for the elderly while keeping the policy of fostering intergenerational support in place.The paper concludes by discussing the implications of Singapore’s state familism for China and other countries.展开更多
Intergenerational conflict coordination is the fundamental requirement and core of sustainable development. In this paper, through the analysis of the future generations-oriented management mechanisms for intergenerat...Intergenerational conflict coordination is the fundamental requirement and core of sustainable development. In this paper, through the analysis of the future generations-oriented management mechanisms for intergenerational conflict, the idea of mechanisms and institution building for the coordination and management of intergenerational conflict is put forward. Furthermore, the future generations-oriented virtual negotiation support system (NSS) for intergenerational conflict is developed, built on the analysis of the process simulation of intergenerational wealth transfer, intergenerational equilibrium allocation of resources, and strategies for the mitigation and avoidance of intergenerational conflict, through the application of advanced IT technology. The virtual NSS for intergenerational conflict is helpful to the practical application of the sustainable development theory; on the other hand, it can be applied directly to the intergenerational equilibrium allocation of resources, national economic accounting, formulation of sustainable development strategies and other urgent national economic and social development issues. Finally, the sustainable development theory can be enriched and extended. Therefore, the development of the future generations-oriented virtual NSS for intergenerational conflict has certain theoretical and practical effects on the theory of sustainable development.展开更多
Background: This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of family health status on the relationship between involvement in housework of two-side parents’ families and happiness of middle-aged women in Taiwan...Background: This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of family health status on the relationship between involvement in housework of two-side parents’ families and happiness of middle-aged women in Taiwan. Methods: The data used in this study were gathered from the Ministry of Science and Technology’s program—“Intergenerational expectation and collaboration: an inquiry on a new mechanism of continued tradition across generations”. The subjects (n = 512) were restricted to aged 45 - 64 years old who live with spouses and have children, and one of whose parent or parent-in-law is still alive. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate how family health status moderates the relationship between involvement in housework of parents’ families and parents-in-law’s families and the happiness of middle-aged women. Results: 1) Family health status is positively correlated with their happiness. 2) The parents’ health status can moderate the relationship between involvement in housework of parents’ families and happiness of the middle-aged women. 3) The middle-aged women’s health status can moderate the relationship between involvement in housework of parents-in-law’s families and those women’s happiness, and fathers-in-law’s health status can moderate the relationship between husbands’ involvement in housework of the women’s parents-in-law’s families and women’s happiness. Conclusions: In future, when policies and programs related to the well-being of middle-aged women are being planned, the effect of women’s health and family health status shall be considered as a key to improve those women’s quality of life.展开更多
文摘China's rapid population aging and remarkable family-level changes have raised concerns about the weakening of its family-based elderly care.The last decade indeed has seen a clear departure from multigenerational living to alternative living arrangements such as living with spouse only and solo living.However,ample evidence suggests that Chinese families have demonstrated considerable resilience amidst profound sociodemographic changes.This review article highlights the importance of government–society cooperation in meeting the social challenges of population aging.A key factor is the persistient filial piety norms,which enable children living far or close,migrant or nonmigrant,to rearrange financial,instrumental,and emotional support to aging parents.Equally important is the step-in of the government to share elderly care responsibilities,provide support through deepening pension and healthcare reforms,and implement the active and healthy aging agenda.How the two factors play out over the next decade and beyond will have profound implications on the living arrangement,intergenerational support,and wellbeing of older adults in China.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.72442019,72073102,and 72541001)the Ministry of Education's Major Program for Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Base in Universities(Nos.23JJD790001 and 22JJD790061).
文摘The reduction of economic development inequality is widely recognized as a means of promoting household consumption.Using nighttime light data combined with household survey datasets from 2010 to 2020,this paper investigated the impact of inequality on household consumption in China.The results revealed a significant negative relationship,which remained robust after instrumental variable regressions and multiple robustness checks.The effect was strongest among married households with children and insignificant for those unmarried or without children.Further analysis showed that the inequality-consumption relationship varied with the gender composition,marital status,and the age of household heads,as well as the number and educational level of children,emphasizing the role of intergenerational support in shaping up the inequality-consumption nexus.The study found that increased government spending on education effectively alleviated the adverse impact of inequality on household consumption.
基金the National Social Science Foundation of China’s general project“Research on the Enhancement of the Elderly Care Support of Rural Families under the Changing Intergenerational Relations”(Project No.:21BRK028)in 2021.
文摘Based on two waves of CHARLS data,this paper uses descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression estimation model to analyze the effect of age on the intergenerational economic support for the rural elderly within the framework of three-generation lineal group families.The study found that the diffusion effect of age on the intergenerational economic support for the rural elderly still existed when using a five-year age group model as the measure.In the distribution of intergenerational economic support for the rural elderly by age group,there was a notable decline in economic support from the filial generation for those aged 85 and above.For the age group of 85 and above,it was the grandchild generation that gradually increased its economic support,the result of a form of intergenerational relay for the care of the elderly.Comparison of the two waves of data reveals that familism still exhibits a strong resilience and is behind the intergenerational cooperation in Chinese rural families.The culture of filial piety and respect for elders,which reflects China’s national characteristics as well as contemporary values,should continue to be promoted.To achieve this,it is necessary to maintain the supportive function of family-based care for the rural elderly through family-friendly policies and the systematic improvement of the current multi-tiered policies for the care of the rural elderly.
基金The research for this study is supported by a Singapore Ministry of Education Tier 1 grant(RG81/17).
文摘Singapore started to tackle the challenges of an aging society in the 1980s after its fertility declined to sub-replacement levels.A core component of the city-state’s aging policy is to foster intergenerational support,which is based on the value of filial piety,harmonious intergenerational relations,and the elderly as a resource.This paper introduces the concept of state familism to capture Singapore’s comprehensive efforts to strengthen the role of the family in old-age support while promoting mutual assistance across generations.The relevant policies range from the Central Provident Fund,housing,taxation,to old-age support packages.These efforts distinguish Singapore from other Asian countries where the role of the family is sometimes stressed more in rhetoric than in action.State familism in Singapore has drawn criticisms as it is perceived as an attempt to reduce the government’s responsibility.In the recent decade,the Singapore state significantly increased direct financial support for the elderly while keeping the policy of fostering intergenerational support in place.The paper concludes by discussing the implications of Singapore’s state familism for China and other countries.
基金National Key Technol-ogy R&D Program (Grant No. 2006BAC02A15)the National Key Basic Research and Development Plan Projects (Grant No. 2006CB403403).
文摘Intergenerational conflict coordination is the fundamental requirement and core of sustainable development. In this paper, through the analysis of the future generations-oriented management mechanisms for intergenerational conflict, the idea of mechanisms and institution building for the coordination and management of intergenerational conflict is put forward. Furthermore, the future generations-oriented virtual negotiation support system (NSS) for intergenerational conflict is developed, built on the analysis of the process simulation of intergenerational wealth transfer, intergenerational equilibrium allocation of resources, and strategies for the mitigation and avoidance of intergenerational conflict, through the application of advanced IT technology. The virtual NSS for intergenerational conflict is helpful to the practical application of the sustainable development theory; on the other hand, it can be applied directly to the intergenerational equilibrium allocation of resources, national economic accounting, formulation of sustainable development strategies and other urgent national economic and social development issues. Finally, the sustainable development theory can be enriched and extended. Therefore, the development of the future generations-oriented virtual NSS for intergenerational conflict has certain theoretical and practical effects on the theory of sustainable development.
文摘Background: This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of family health status on the relationship between involvement in housework of two-side parents’ families and happiness of middle-aged women in Taiwan. Methods: The data used in this study were gathered from the Ministry of Science and Technology’s program—“Intergenerational expectation and collaboration: an inquiry on a new mechanism of continued tradition across generations”. The subjects (n = 512) were restricted to aged 45 - 64 years old who live with spouses and have children, and one of whose parent or parent-in-law is still alive. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate how family health status moderates the relationship between involvement in housework of parents’ families and parents-in-law’s families and the happiness of middle-aged women. Results: 1) Family health status is positively correlated with their happiness. 2) The parents’ health status can moderate the relationship between involvement in housework of parents’ families and happiness of the middle-aged women. 3) The middle-aged women’s health status can moderate the relationship between involvement in housework of parents-in-law’s families and those women’s happiness, and fathers-in-law’s health status can moderate the relationship between husbands’ involvement in housework of the women’s parents-in-law’s families and women’s happiness. Conclusions: In future, when policies and programs related to the well-being of middle-aged women are being planned, the effect of women’s health and family health status shall be considered as a key to improve those women’s quality of life.
