Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of interferential stimulation on pain and motion after shoulder surgery. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: 102 patients undergoing arthr...Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of interferential stimulation on pain and motion after shoulder surgery. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: 102 patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair or labral repair were prospectively randomized to receive either an interferential stimulation unit immediately after surgery (STIM) or not to receive the unit (NO-STIM). Each patient was measured for the range of motion (ROM) in forward flexion (FF), abduction (ABD), internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER). These measurements were taken prior to surgery and at the 6 weeks post-operative time point. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores (0 - 10) and the amount of narcotic taken (standardized to 10 mg equivalents of hydrocodone) were measured and compared between the two groups at 2 days and 4 weeks post-operatively. 51 patients were excluded due to failure to document VAS scores and medication usage, lack of follow-up at the 6 weeks post-operative time point or hospitalization after surgery. This left 27 patients in the STIM group and 24 patients in the NO-STIM group. Results: No difference was found in the amount of narcotic taken after 2 days (STIM 14.37 ± 1.02, NO-STIM 15.88 ± 1.22, p = 0.34) or after 4 weeks (STIM 45.32 ± 4.36, NO-STIM 48.96 ± 5.50, p = 0.60). No difference in mean VAS scores were found at 2 days (STIM 5.56 ± 0.53, NO-STIM 4.63 ± 0.57, p = 0.24) or 4 weeks (STIM 1.68 ± 0.39, NO-STIM 1.38 ± 0.34, p = 0.57). At 6 weeks post-operatively, a difference was found in ER (STIM 62.5 ± 4.09, NO-STIM 50.4 ± 4.09, p = 0.04), and no differences found in FF (STIM 134.2 ± 5.29, NO-STIM 133.3 ± 4.85, p = 0.60), ABD (STIM 124.8 ± 6.22, NO-STIM 119.6 ± 5.42, p = 0.53) or IR (STIM 60.0 ± 3.69, NO-STIM 55.9 ± 3.03, p = 0.39). A post-hoc power analysis performed using an á = 0.05 revealed the study to be 90% powered to identify a difference of one narcotic equivalent between groups and 90% powered to identify a 0.3 difference in VAS scores. Conclusions: The use of an interferential stimulator in the immediate post-operative period had no effect on pain or narcotic usage following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair or labral repair. External rotation was significantly greater in the interferential stimulator group while no differences were found in other motion parameters.展开更多
We examined the changes in numerous skin conditions before and after the ap-plication of interferential current therapy to various regions of healthy male bodies. In this study, we assessed the differences in the skin...We examined the changes in numerous skin conditions before and after the ap-plication of interferential current therapy to various regions of healthy male bodies. In this study, we assessed the differences in the skin’s sebum, moisture levels, pores, wrinkles, pigmentation, and elasticity on the shoulders, lower back, and the knees of Korean males in their 20s. A total of 30 healthy males were in-cluded in the study. We used a skin diagnosis meter as a device for measuring the state of the skin. A statistical difference was found when comparing the pre- and post-measurement values in regards to the moisture levels, wrinkles, and pig-mentation. In the correlation analysis results, the sebum and pigmentation, moisture levels and wrinkles, moisture levels and pigmentation, and moisture levels and elasticity were all positively correlated, respectively. The results of this study partially suggest that a change in skin condition is associated with ex-ternal stimulation. The study also found that the effects of the application of in-terferential current therapy on the various skin conditions may differ depending on the region of the body that the application is conducted as well.展开更多
Distributed source coding （DSC） is applied to interferential multispectral image compression owing to strong correlation among the image frames. Many DSC systems in the literature use feedback channel （FC） to cont...Distributed source coding （DSC） is applied to interferential multispectral image compression owing to strong correlation among the image frames. Many DSC systems in the literature use feedback channel （FC） to control rate at the decoder, which limits the application of DSC. Upon an analysis of the image data, a rate control approach is proposed to avoid FC. Low-complexity motion compensation is applied first to estimate side information at the encoder. Using a polynomial fitting method, a new mathematical model is then derived to estimate rate based on the correlation between the source and side information. The experimental results show that our estimated rate is a good approximation to the actual rate required by FC while incurring a little bit-rate overhead. Our compression scheme performs comparable with the FC based DSC system and outperforms JPEG2000 significantly.展开更多
We studied the muscle fatigue and recovery of thirty male sprinters(aged 18–22 years)using the Frequency Analysis Method(FAM).The interferential currents(ICs)with different thresholds for sensory,motor and pain respo...We studied the muscle fatigue and recovery of thirty male sprinters(aged 18–22 years)using the Frequency Analysis Method(FAM).The interferential currents(ICs)with different thresholds for sensory,motor and pain responses,the maximal voluntary contraction(MVC),and the amplitude of the surface EMG(aEMG,sEMG)were assessed prior to and immediately after an acute explosive fatigue training session,and during one-week recovery.We found that IC increased on average from 32.38.9 mA to 37.57.5 mA in sensory response at 10 Hz immediately post training(p=0.004)but decreased at 24-hr post training(p=0.008)and returned to pre-levels thereafter.Motor and pain response patterns at 10 Hz were similar(motor:p=0.033 and 0.040;pain:p=0.022 and 0.019,respectively).The change patterns of ICs were similar to but prior to the changes of sEMG.The agreement between IC assessment and amplitude of sEMG(aEMG)/MVC ratio was good(>95%).The present study suggested that the changes in ICs were prior to the changes in both the aEMG and force during fatigue.These changes may reflect the physiological sensory change due to peripheral fatigue.FAM may be useful as an effective early detection and simple tool for monitoring muscle fatigue during training and recovery in athletes.展开更多
In recent work,adversarial stickers are widely used to attack face recognition(FR)systems in the physical world.However,it is difficult to evaluate the performance of physical attacks because of the lack of volunteers...In recent work,adversarial stickers are widely used to attack face recognition(FR)systems in the physical world.However,it is difficult to evaluate the performance of physical attacks because of the lack of volunteers in the experiment.In this paper,a simple attack method called incomplete physical adversarial attack(IPAA)is proposed to simulate physical attacks.Different from the process of physical attacks,when an IPAA is conducted,a photo of the adversarial sticker is embedded into a facial image as the input to attack FR systems,which can obtain results similar to those of physical attacks without inviting any volunteers.The results show that IPAA has a higher similarity with physical attacks than digital attacks,indicating that IPAA is able to evaluate the performance of physical attacks.IPAA is effective in quantitatively measuring the impact of the sticker location on the results of attacks.展开更多
文摘Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of interferential stimulation on pain and motion after shoulder surgery. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: 102 patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair or labral repair were prospectively randomized to receive either an interferential stimulation unit immediately after surgery (STIM) or not to receive the unit (NO-STIM). Each patient was measured for the range of motion (ROM) in forward flexion (FF), abduction (ABD), internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER). These measurements were taken prior to surgery and at the 6 weeks post-operative time point. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores (0 - 10) and the amount of narcotic taken (standardized to 10 mg equivalents of hydrocodone) were measured and compared between the two groups at 2 days and 4 weeks post-operatively. 51 patients were excluded due to failure to document VAS scores and medication usage, lack of follow-up at the 6 weeks post-operative time point or hospitalization after surgery. This left 27 patients in the STIM group and 24 patients in the NO-STIM group. Results: No difference was found in the amount of narcotic taken after 2 days (STIM 14.37 ± 1.02, NO-STIM 15.88 ± 1.22, p = 0.34) or after 4 weeks (STIM 45.32 ± 4.36, NO-STIM 48.96 ± 5.50, p = 0.60). No difference in mean VAS scores were found at 2 days (STIM 5.56 ± 0.53, NO-STIM 4.63 ± 0.57, p = 0.24) or 4 weeks (STIM 1.68 ± 0.39, NO-STIM 1.38 ± 0.34, p = 0.57). At 6 weeks post-operatively, a difference was found in ER (STIM 62.5 ± 4.09, NO-STIM 50.4 ± 4.09, p = 0.04), and no differences found in FF (STIM 134.2 ± 5.29, NO-STIM 133.3 ± 4.85, p = 0.60), ABD (STIM 124.8 ± 6.22, NO-STIM 119.6 ± 5.42, p = 0.53) or IR (STIM 60.0 ± 3.69, NO-STIM 55.9 ± 3.03, p = 0.39). A post-hoc power analysis performed using an á = 0.05 revealed the study to be 90% powered to identify a difference of one narcotic equivalent between groups and 90% powered to identify a 0.3 difference in VAS scores. Conclusions: The use of an interferential stimulator in the immediate post-operative period had no effect on pain or narcotic usage following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair or labral repair. External rotation was significantly greater in the interferential stimulator group while no differences were found in other motion parameters.
文摘We examined the changes in numerous skin conditions before and after the ap-plication of interferential current therapy to various regions of healthy male bodies. In this study, we assessed the differences in the skin’s sebum, moisture levels, pores, wrinkles, pigmentation, and elasticity on the shoulders, lower back, and the knees of Korean males in their 20s. A total of 30 healthy males were in-cluded in the study. We used a skin diagnosis meter as a device for measuring the state of the skin. A statistical difference was found when comparing the pre- and post-measurement values in regards to the moisture levels, wrinkles, and pig-mentation. In the correlation analysis results, the sebum and pigmentation, moisture levels and wrinkles, moisture levels and pigmentation, and moisture levels and elasticity were all positively correlated, respectively. The results of this study partially suggest that a change in skin condition is associated with ex-ternal stimulation. The study also found that the effects of the application of in-terferential current therapy on the various skin conditions may differ depending on the region of the body that the application is conducted as well.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 60532060 60672117）, the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University （PCS1TR）.
文摘Distributed source coding （DSC） is applied to interferential multispectral image compression owing to strong correlation among the image frames. Many DSC systems in the literature use feedback channel （FC） to control rate at the decoder, which limits the application of DSC. Upon an analysis of the image data, a rate control approach is proposed to avoid FC. Low-complexity motion compensation is applied first to estimate side information at the encoder. Using a polynomial fitting method, a new mathematical model is then derived to estimate rate based on the correlation between the source and side information. The experimental results show that our estimated rate is a good approximation to the actual rate required by FC while incurring a little bit-rate overhead. Our compression scheme performs comparable with the FC based DSC system and outperforms JPEG2000 significantly.
基金The study was funded by National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFF0300904,2019YFF0301700)from Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China.
文摘We studied the muscle fatigue and recovery of thirty male sprinters(aged 18–22 years)using the Frequency Analysis Method(FAM).The interferential currents(ICs)with different thresholds for sensory,motor and pain responses,the maximal voluntary contraction(MVC),and the amplitude of the surface EMG(aEMG,sEMG)were assessed prior to and immediately after an acute explosive fatigue training session,and during one-week recovery.We found that IC increased on average from 32.38.9 mA to 37.57.5 mA in sensory response at 10 Hz immediately post training(p=0.004)but decreased at 24-hr post training(p=0.008)and returned to pre-levels thereafter.Motor and pain response patterns at 10 Hz were similar(motor:p=0.033 and 0.040;pain:p=0.022 and 0.019,respectively).The change patterns of ICs were similar to but prior to the changes of sEMG.The agreement between IC assessment and amplitude of sEMG(aEMG)/MVC ratio was good(>95%).The present study suggested that the changes in ICs were prior to the changes in both the aEMG and force during fatigue.These changes may reflect the physiological sensory change due to peripheral fatigue.FAM may be useful as an effective early detection and simple tool for monitoring muscle fatigue during training and recovery in athletes.
文摘In recent work,adversarial stickers are widely used to attack face recognition(FR)systems in the physical world.However,it is difficult to evaluate the performance of physical attacks because of the lack of volunteers in the experiment.In this paper,a simple attack method called incomplete physical adversarial attack(IPAA)is proposed to simulate physical attacks.Different from the process of physical attacks,when an IPAA is conducted,a photo of the adversarial sticker is embedded into a facial image as the input to attack FR systems,which can obtain results similar to those of physical attacks without inviting any volunteers.The results show that IPAA has a higher similarity with physical attacks than digital attacks,indicating that IPAA is able to evaluate the performance of physical attacks.IPAA is effective in quantitatively measuring the impact of the sticker location on the results of attacks.
