Operating an Agilent 7700X ICP-MS spectrometer under robust plasma conditions (1550 W) with a He-filled octopole collision cell and analysing solutions (?1 total dissolved solids) still suffered analyte peak suppressi...Operating an Agilent 7700X ICP-MS spectrometer under robust plasma conditions (1550 W) with a He-filled octopole collision cell and analysing solutions (?1 total dissolved solids) still suffered analyte peak suppression due to matrix effects. International reference rocks BCR-1, BHVO-1, AGV-1, G-2 and BCR-2 all showed count rate reductions for 36 elements (mass range 7Li to 238U) averaging ~10% but with no dependence on isotope mass. Use of an internal standard (103Rh) and/or using a ten-fold dilution of sample solutions reduced these effects but problems with reduced count rates combined with larger errors for some elements introduced other problems. The best approach was to normalise the count rates for each element in the other samples against those for BCR-1 as an external standard;thus the count suppression due to the matrix effect is corrected for each individual element. This approach provides standardization “traceability” in line with the ERM ISO/IEC requirement. Experiments are also reported on quantifying the proportions of Ba and selected REE oxide/hydroxide components versus parent isotopes (XO/X and XOH/X). This information is essential for correcting peak interferences on higher mass number REE for the rock samples, and equations are developed to use measured CeO/Ce and CeOH/Ce ratios to predict such values for any other member of the REE suite. Concentrations obtained show excellent agreement with recommended values for the international reference materials especially for the REE. Robust data are also provided for two other standard rocks: nepheline syenite STM-1 and quartz syenite CAAS-1;the latter shows exceptional enrichments of Zr, REE, Th, and U.展开更多
RNA interference(RNAi)is a post-transcriptional gene-silencing technique induced by the introduction of double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)or small interfering RNA(siRNA)[1].RNAi-based strategies have been extensively applied ...RNA interference(RNAi)is a post-transcriptional gene-silencing technique induced by the introduction of double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)or small interfering RNA(siRNA)[1].RNAi-based strategies have been extensively applied in the treatment of human diseases and crop protection against insect pests[2-4].With the availability of the full genome sequences of major mosquito vectors,RNAi has become increasingly used as a novel means of mosquito control[5].展开更多
Wave-particle duality is one of the key features of quantum physics,characterized by the interference pattern.Meanwhile,Floquet spectroscopy is typically studied in the high-frequency region because the Floquet sideba...Wave-particle duality is one of the key features of quantum physics,characterized by the interference pattern.Meanwhile,Floquet spectroscopy is typically studied in the high-frequency region because the Floquet sidebands are very sharp,behaving like“particles”in frequency space,and no interference phenomena are observed.Here,we consider the larger quantum fluctuation region where the Floquet sidebands are broader,making interference between them possible.With the help of an optical lattice clock experimental platform and numerical simulations,such interference of Floquet modes in frequency space is clearly observed.Additionally,it exhibits many exotic phenomena,such as large Floquet sidebands between integer ones,sensitivity to the initial phase,and corresponding emergent symmetries.To analytically elucidate this,we propose the Floquet channel interference hypothesis,which surprisingly matches quantitatively well with both experimental and numerical results.Our research paves the way for developing a new type of interferometer that could be applicable to other Floquet systems.展开更多
Quantum photonic integrated circuits offer enhanced stability and scalability for quantum communications,sensing, and computing. Transverse modes in multimode waveguides enable high-dimensional scalability and versati...Quantum photonic integrated circuits offer enhanced stability and scalability for quantum communications,sensing, and computing. Transverse modes in multimode waveguides enable high-dimensional scalability and versatile photon manipulation, but practical adoption requires compact and fabrication-tolerant quantum interference devices. Here, we present an ultra-compact taper-stepped beamsplitter that enables quantum interference between photon pairs in different transverse modes, and cascade it to realize NOON state interferometry. We experimentally achieve high visibilities of 93.9% for HOM interference and 86.5% for NOON state interference,demonstrating that efficient mode interference with active tuning can be realized on this platform.展开更多
Brain lesions,such as those caused by stroke or traumatic brain injury(TBI),frequently result in persistent motor and cognitive impairments that significantly affect the individual patient's quality of life.Despit...Brain lesions,such as those caused by stroke or traumatic brain injury(TBI),frequently result in persistent motor and cognitive impairments that significantly affect the individual patient's quality of life.Despite differences in the mechanisms of injury,both conditions share a high prevalence of motor and cognitive impairments.These deficits show only limited natural recovery.展开更多
This paper focuses on advanced analysis techniques and design considerations of DC interference generated by HVDC electrodes during normal bipolar and temporary monopolar operations on neighboring metallic utilities, ...This paper focuses on advanced analysis techniques and design considerations of DC interference generated by HVDC electrodes during normal bipolar and temporary monopolar operations on neighboring metallic utilities, with a special emphasis on buried gas and oil pipelines. This study examines the level of pipeline corrosion, the safety status in the vicinity of exposed appurtenances and the impact of DC interference on the integrity of insulating flanges and impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems. Computation results obtained for different soil models show that different soils can lead to completely different DC interference effects. The results and conclusions presented here can be used as a reference to analyze the severity of DC interference on pipelines due to proximate HVDC electrodes.展开更多
In order to identify the tilt direction of the self-mixing signals under weak feedback regime interfered by noise,a deep learning method is proposed.The one-dimensional U-Net(1D U-Net)neural network can identify the d...In order to identify the tilt direction of the self-mixing signals under weak feedback regime interfered by noise,a deep learning method is proposed.The one-dimensional U-Net(1D U-Net)neural network can identify the direction of the self-mixing fringes accurately and quickly.In the process of measurement,the measurement signal can be normalized and then the neural network can be used to discriminate the direction.Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is suitable for self-mixing interference signals with noise in the whole weak feedback regime,and can maintain a high discrimination accuracy for signals interfered by 5 dB large noise.Combined with fringe counting method,accurate and rapid displacement reconstruction can be realized.展开更多
Power grid is an indispensable infrastructure in modern society,in order to ensure the normal operation of the grid,online non-contact monitoring of high-voltage lines is essential.In this work,a‘capacitor-laser diod...Power grid is an indispensable infrastructure in modern society,in order to ensure the normal operation of the grid,online non-contact monitoring of high-voltage lines is essential.In this work,a‘capacitor-laser diode(LD)-capacitor’structure,namely,laser diode in capacitors(LDIC),that can be used for non-contact monitoring of high-voltage(HV)line status by directly transferring the status information of the HV line to modulated laser pulses is proposed.The proposed LDIC can accurately extract the real-time voltage changes on the HV line with an accuracy level of 0.959%.Because the LDIC is sensitive to high-frequency electromagnetic field,the LDIC is successfully utilised to detect the external electromagnetic interference(EMI)to obtain the intensity and frequency of the external EMI.Additionally,the amplitude and frequency of the HV line vibration can be accurately monitored by using the LDIC.For the third-order curve fitting of vibration amplitude,the average error is only 0.00867,and the average error of linear fitting of vibration frequency is as low as 0.00655.This work provides a novel approach for the online monitoring of the HV line status and a new supplement for the development of power grid technology.展开更多
We proposed and demonstrated the ultra-compact 1310/1550 nm wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer assisted by subwavelength grating(SWG)using particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm in silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platfo...We proposed and demonstrated the ultra-compact 1310/1550 nm wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer assisted by subwavelength grating(SWG)using particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm in silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platform.Through the self-imaging effect of multimode interference(MMI)coupler,the demultiplexing function for 1310 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths is implemented.After that,three parallel SWG-based slots are inserted into the MMI section so that the effective refractive index of the modes can be engineered and thus the beat length can be adjusted.Importantly,these three SWG slots significantly reduce the length of the device,which is much shorter than the length of traditional MMI-based wavelength demultiplexers.Ultimately,by using the PSO algorithm,the equivalent refractive index and width of the SWG in a certain range are optimized to achieve the best performance of the wavelength demultiplexer.It has been verified that the device footprint is only 2×30.68μm^(2),and 1 dB bandwidths of larger than 120 nm are acquired at 1310 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths.Meanwhile,the transmitted spectrum shows that the insertion loss(IL)values are below 0.47 dB at both wavelengths when the extinction ratio(ER)values are above 12.65 dB.This inverse design approach has been proved to be efficient in increasing bandwidth and reducing device length.展开更多
In this study,we design and numerically investigate a novel all optical D flip-flop(AODFF)based on linear photonic crystal(LPhC)structure that is composed of optical waveguides using the finite difference time domain(...In this study,we design and numerically investigate a novel all optical D flip-flop(AODFF)based on linear photonic crystal(LPhC)structure that is composed of optical waveguides using the finite difference time domain(FDTD)method.The proposed structure has the hexagonal close packed of 16×20 circular rods that are suspended in the air substrate with a lattice constant of 606 nm.The plane wave expansion(PWE)method is used to obtain the band diagram for AODFF at an operating wavelength of 1550 nm.The proposed optical flip-flop achieves a low delay time of 0.2 ps and a high contrast ratio(CR)of 10.33 dB.The main advantage of this design is that the input power as low as 1 mW/μm^(2) is sufficient for its operation,since no nonlinear rods are included.In addition,the footprint of the proposed AODFF is 100μm^(2),which is smaller compared to the structures reported in the literature,and it has a fast switching frequency of 5 Tbit/s.展开更多
Viruses are extremely heterogeneous entities; the size and the nature of their genetic information, as well as the strategies employed to amplify and propagate their genomes, are highly variable. However, as obligator...Viruses are extremely heterogeneous entities; the size and the nature of their genetic information, as well as the strategies employed to amplify and propagate their genomes, are highly variable. However, as obligatory intracellular parasites, replication of all viruses relies on the host cell. Having co-evolved with their host for several million years, viruses have developed very sophisticated strategies to hijack cellular factors that promote virus uptake, replication, and spread. Identification of host cell factors(HCFs) required for these processes is a major challenge for researchers, but it enables the identification of new, highly selective targets for anti viral therapeutics. To this end, the establishment of platforms enabling genome-wide high-throughput RNA interference(HT-RNAi) screens has led to the identification of several key factors involved in the viral lifecycle. A number of genome-wide HT-RNAi screens have been performed for major human pathogens. These studies enable first inter-viral comparisons related to HCF requirements. Although several cellular functions appear to be uniformly required for the life cycle of most viruses tested(such as the proteasome and the Golgi-mediated secretory pathways), some factors, like the lipid kinase Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase Ⅲα in the case of hepatitis C virus, are selectively required for individual viruses. However, despite the amount of data available, we are still far away from a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between viruses and host factors. Major limitations towards this goal are the low sensitivity and specificity of such screens, resulting in limited overlap between different screens performed with the same virus. This review focuses on how statistical and bioinformatic analysis methods applied to HTRNAi screens can help overcoming these issues thus increasing the reliability and impact of such studies.展开更多
With the advancement of electronic countermeasures,airborne synthetic aperture radar(SAR)systems are facing increasing challenges in maintaining effective performance in hostile environments.In particular,high-power i...With the advancement of electronic countermeasures,airborne synthetic aperture radar(SAR)systems are facing increasing challenges in maintaining effective performance in hostile environments.In particular,high-power interference can severely degrade SAR imaging and signal processing,often rendering target detection impossible.This highlights the urgent need for robust anti-interference solutions in both the signal processing and image processing domains.While current methods address interference across various domains,techniques such as waveform modification and spatial filtering typically increase the system costs and complexity.To overcome these limitations,we propose a novel approach that leverages the multi-domain characteristics of interference to efficiently suppress narrowband interference and repeater modulation interference.Specifically,narrowband interference is mitigated using notch filtering,a signal processing technique that effectively filters out unwanted frequencies,while repeater modulation interference is addressed through strong signal amplitude normalization,which enhances both the signal and image processing quality.These methods were validated through tests on real SAR data,demonstrating significant improvements in the imaging performance and system robustness.Our approach offers valuable insights for advancing anti-interference technologies in SAR systems and provides a cost-effective solution to enhance their resilience in complex electronic warfare environments.展开更多
This paper analyses frequency tracking characteristics of a complex-coefficient adaptive infinite-impulse response (IIR) notch filter used for suppression of narrow-band interference (NBI) with a randomly-varying freq...This paper analyses frequency tracking characteristics of a complex-coefficient adaptive infinite-impulse response (IIR) notch filter used for suppression of narrow-band interference (NBI) with a randomly-varying frequency in a quadriphase shift keying (QPSK) modulated direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) communication system. The QPSK DS-CDMA signals are transmitted over a frequency non-selective Rayleigh fading channel. The analysis is based on a first-order real-coefficient difference equation with respect to steady-state instantaneous frequency tracking error from which a closed-form expression that relates frequency tracking mean square error (MSE) with number of DS-CDMA active users and NBI power is obtained. Closed-form expressions for optimum notch bandwidth coefficient and step size constant that minimize the frequency tracking MSE are also derived. Computer simulations are included to substantiate the accuracy of the analyses.展开更多
A measurement system for the scattering characteristics of warhead fragments based on high-speed imaging systems offers advantages such as simple deployment,flexible maneuverability,and high spatiotemporal resolution,...A measurement system for the scattering characteristics of warhead fragments based on high-speed imaging systems offers advantages such as simple deployment,flexible maneuverability,and high spatiotemporal resolution,enabling the acquisition of full-process data of the fragment scattering process.However,mismatches between camera frame rates and target velocities can lead to long motion blur tails of high-speed fragment targets,resulting in low signal-to-noise ratios and rendering conventional detection algorithms ineffective in dynamic strong interference testing environments.In this study,we propose a detection framework centered on dynamic strong interference disturbance signal separation and suppression.We introduce a mixture Gaussian model constrained under a joint spatialtemporal-transform domain Dirichlet process,combined with total variation regularization to achieve disturbance signal suppression.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed disturbance suppression method can be integrated with certain conventional motion target detection tasks,enabling adaptation to real-world data to a certain extent.Moreover,we provide a specific implementation of this process,which achieves a detection rate close to 100%with an approximate 0%false alarm rate in multiple sets of real target field test data.This research effectively advances the development of the field of damage parameter testing.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bioabsorbable interference screws are a widely used option for graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction.Their ability to degrade over time and avoid secondary hardware removal makes t...BACKGROUND Bioabsorbable interference screws are a widely used option for graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction.Their ability to degrade over time and avoid secondary hardware removal makes them advantageous.However,complications such as breakage and intra-articular migration of screws can cause significant clinical issues,including joint pain,swelling,and cartilage damage.Early diagnosis and management are critical in such cases.CASE SUMMARY A 26-year-old male presented with knee pain and swelling one year after ACL reconstruction using a hamstring graft and bioabsorbable tibial interference screw.The patient had been engaged in rigorous physical activity as part of military training.Clinical examination revealed mild effusion without instability,and imaging showed screw breakage with intra-articular migration.Therapeutic arthroscopy confirmed intact graft tension,and broken screw fragments were removed successfully.The patient resumed normal activity two weeks after surgery.CONCLUSION This case highlights the potential complications associated with bioabsorbable screws,emphasizing the need for meticulous surgical technique,postoperative monitoring,and timely intervention.A comprehensive review of the literature illustrates the mechanisms,risk factors,and preventive strategies associated with screw-related complications.展开更多
Robust, ultra-flexible, and multifunctional MXene-basedelectromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding nanocomposite filmsexhibit enormous potential for applications in artificial intelligence,wireless telecommunication,...Robust, ultra-flexible, and multifunctional MXene-basedelectromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding nanocomposite filmsexhibit enormous potential for applications in artificial intelligence,wireless telecommunication, and portable/wearable electronic equipment.In this work, a nacre-inspired multifunctional heterocyclic aramid(HA)/MXene@polypyrrole (PPy) (HMP) nanocomposite paper withlarge-scale, high strength, super toughness, and excellent tolerance tocomplex conditions is fabricated through the strategy of HA/MXenehydrogel template-assisted in-situ assembly of PPy. Benefiting from the"brick-and-mortar" layered structure and the strong hydrogen-bondinginteractions among MXene, HA, and PPy, the paper exhibits remarkable mechanical performances, including high tensile strength (309.7 MPa),outstanding toughness (57.6 MJ m−3), exceptional foldability, and structural stability against ultrasonication. By using the template effect ofHA/MXene to guide the assembly of conductive polymers, the synthesized paper obtains excellent electronic conductivity. More importantly,the highly continuous conductive path enables the nanocomposite paper to achieve a splendid EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 54.1 dBat an ultra-thin thickness (25.4 μm) and a high specific EMI SE of 17,204.7 dB cm2g−1. In addition, the papers also have excellent applicationsin electromagnetic protection, electro-/photothermal de-icing, thermal therapy, and fire safety. These findings broaden the ideas for developinghigh-performance and multifunctional MXene-based films with enormous application potential in EMI shielding and thermal management.展开更多
New electric power systems characterized by a high proportion of renewable energy and power electronics equipment face significant challenges due to high-frequency(HF)electromagnetic interference from the high-speed s...New electric power systems characterized by a high proportion of renewable energy and power electronics equipment face significant challenges due to high-frequency(HF)electromagnetic interference from the high-speed switching of power converters.To address this situation,this paper offers an in-depth review of HF interference problems and challenges originating from power electronic devices.First,the root cause of HF electromagnetic interference,i.e.,the resonant response of the parasitic parameters of the system to high-speed switching transients,is analyzed,and various scenarios of HF interference in power systems are highlighted.Next,the types of HF interference are summarized,with a focus on common-mode interference in grounding systems.This paper thoroughly reviews and compares various suppression methods for conducted HF interference.Finally,the challenges involved and suggestions for addressing emerging HF interference problems from the perspective of both power electronics equipment and power systems are discussed.This review aims to offer a structured understanding of HF interference problems and their suppression techniques for researchers and practitioners.展开更多
In the future the fifth generation( 5 G) communication systems,channel models may be very complicated and it is difficult to calculate equivalent signal to interference plus noise ratio( SINR)of a random fading channe...In the future the fifth generation( 5 G) communication systems,channel models may be very complicated and it is difficult to calculate equivalent signal to interference plus noise ratio( SINR)of a random fading channel. Therefore,methods for the calculation of equivalent SINR of a random fading channel are very necessary.In this paper,an enhanced algorithm on the exponential effective SINR mapping( EESM) model for random fading channels was proposed. First, the optimal adjustment parameters of typical channel fading models including extended pedestrian A( EPA)model,extended vehicular A( EVA) model and extended typical urban( ETU) model were obtained by simulation. Then the proposed solution was used to actualize channel classification according to the maximum multipath delay and the average power of the random channel. The solution can determine the typical channel closest to random channel for obtaining the optimal adjustment value of EESM. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed one can improve the whole system throughput significantly and meanwhile the accuracy of the link prediction algorithm is also guaranteed.展开更多
Background:Lipemia,characterized by elevated triglyceride levels in blood samples,is a prevalent preanalytical interferent in clinical hematology.It leads to erroneous measurements of key complete blood count(CBC)para...Background:Lipemia,characterized by elevated triglyceride levels in blood samples,is a prevalent preanalytical interferent in clinical hematology.It leads to erroneous measurements of key complete blood count(CBC)parameters,including falsely elevated hemoglobin(Hgb)and platelet(PLT)counts.These inaccuracies can compromise diagnostic reliability and patient management.Objective:This review systematically evaluates existing correction methods for lipemic interference in CBC analysis,comparing their efficacy,limitations,and applicability in clinical settings.Methods:We analyze saline replacement,formula-based correction,instrument-specific algorithms,and emerging technologies,supported by experimental and clinical validation data.Conclusion:An optimized,context-dependent strategy is proposed,integrating multiple correction approaches based on lipemia severity.Future research directions,including artificial intelligence(AI)-enhanced corrections and standardized protocols,are discussed to advance hematology testing accuracy.展开更多
Transcranial temporal interference stimulation(tTIS)is a novel non-invasive neuromodulation technique with the potential to precisely target deep brain structures.This study explores the neural and behavioral effects ...Transcranial temporal interference stimulation(tTIS)is a novel non-invasive neuromodulation technique with the potential to precisely target deep brain structures.This study explores the neural and behavioral effects of tTIS on the superior colliculus(SC),a region involved in eye movement control,in mice.Computational modeling revealed that tTIS delivers more focused stimulation to the SC than traditional transcranial alternating current stimulation.In vivo experiments,including Ca^(2+)signal recordings and eye movement tracking,showed that tTIS effectively modulates SC neural activity and induces eye movements.A significant correlation was found between stimulation frequency and saccade frequency,suggesting direct tTIS-induced modulation of SC activity.These results demonstrate the precision of tTIS in targeting deep brain regions and regulating eye movements,highlighting its potential for neuroscientific research and therapeutic applications.展开更多
文摘Operating an Agilent 7700X ICP-MS spectrometer under robust plasma conditions (1550 W) with a He-filled octopole collision cell and analysing solutions (?1 total dissolved solids) still suffered analyte peak suppression due to matrix effects. International reference rocks BCR-1, BHVO-1, AGV-1, G-2 and BCR-2 all showed count rate reductions for 36 elements (mass range 7Li to 238U) averaging ~10% but with no dependence on isotope mass. Use of an internal standard (103Rh) and/or using a ten-fold dilution of sample solutions reduced these effects but problems with reduced count rates combined with larger errors for some elements introduced other problems. The best approach was to normalise the count rates for each element in the other samples against those for BCR-1 as an external standard;thus the count suppression due to the matrix effect is corrected for each individual element. This approach provides standardization “traceability” in line with the ERM ISO/IEC requirement. Experiments are also reported on quantifying the proportions of Ba and selected REE oxide/hydroxide components versus parent isotopes (XO/X and XOH/X). This information is essential for correcting peak interferences on higher mass number REE for the rock samples, and equations are developed to use measured CeO/Ce and CeOH/Ce ratios to predict such values for any other member of the REE suite. Concentrations obtained show excellent agreement with recommended values for the international reference materials especially for the REE. Robust data are also provided for two other standard rocks: nepheline syenite STM-1 and quartz syenite CAAS-1;the latter shows exceptional enrichments of Zr, REE, Th, and U.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFE0113600).
文摘RNA interference(RNAi)is a post-transcriptional gene-silencing technique induced by the introduction of double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)or small interfering RNA(siRNA)[1].RNAi-based strategies have been extensively applied in the treatment of human diseases and crop protection against insect pests[2-4].With the availability of the full genome sequences of major mosquito vectors,RNAi has become increasingly used as a novel means of mosquito control[5].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12274045)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274046,11874094,12147102,and 12347101)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.CSTB2022NSCQ-JQX0018)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2021CDJZYJH-003)the Xiaomi Foundation/Xiaomi Young Talents Program。
文摘Wave-particle duality is one of the key features of quantum physics,characterized by the interference pattern.Meanwhile,Floquet spectroscopy is typically studied in the high-frequency region because the Floquet sidebands are very sharp,behaving like“particles”in frequency space,and no interference phenomena are observed.Here,we consider the larger quantum fluctuation region where the Floquet sidebands are broader,making interference between them possible.With the help of an optical lattice clock experimental platform and numerical simulations,such interference of Floquet modes in frequency space is clearly observed.Additionally,it exhibits many exotic phenomena,such as large Floquet sidebands between integer ones,sensitivity to the initial phase,and corresponding emergent symmetries.To analytically elucidate this,we propose the Floquet channel interference hypothesis,which surprisingly matches quantitatively well with both experimental and numerical results.Our research paves the way for developing a new type of interferometer that could be applicable to other Floquet systems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFB2803100)the National Major Scientific Research Instrument Development Project(Grant No.22127901)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.62305367)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.25ZR1401379)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China (Grant No.LZ24F050001)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant Nos.2021ZD0301500 and 2021ZD0303200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.T2325022,U23A2074,62061160487,and 62275240)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-049)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Quantum photonic integrated circuits offer enhanced stability and scalability for quantum communications,sensing, and computing. Transverse modes in multimode waveguides enable high-dimensional scalability and versatile photon manipulation, but practical adoption requires compact and fabrication-tolerant quantum interference devices. Here, we present an ultra-compact taper-stepped beamsplitter that enables quantum interference between photon pairs in different transverse modes, and cascade it to realize NOON state interferometry. We experimentally achieve high visibilities of 93.9% for HOM interference and 86.5% for NOON state interference,demonstrating that efficient mode interference with active tuning can be realized on this platform.
基金supported by the Defitech Foundation(Morges,CH)to FCHthe Bertarelli Foundation-Catalyst program(Gstaad,CH)to FCH+2 种基金the Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering the Lighthouse Partnership for AI-guided Neuromodulation to FCHthe Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Sante(FRQS#342969)to CEPthe Neuro X Postdoctoral Fellowship Program to CEP。
文摘Brain lesions,such as those caused by stroke or traumatic brain injury(TBI),frequently result in persistent motor and cognitive impairments that significantly affect the individual patient's quality of life.Despite differences in the mechanisms of injury,both conditions share a high prevalence of motor and cognitive impairments.These deficits show only limited natural recovery.
文摘This paper focuses on advanced analysis techniques and design considerations of DC interference generated by HVDC electrodes during normal bipolar and temporary monopolar operations on neighboring metallic utilities, with a special emphasis on buried gas and oil pipelines. This study examines the level of pipeline corrosion, the safety status in the vicinity of exposed appurtenances and the impact of DC interference on the integrity of insulating flanges and impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems. Computation results obtained for different soil models show that different soils can lead to completely different DC interference effects. The results and conclusions presented here can be used as a reference to analyze the severity of DC interference on pipelines due to proximate HVDC electrodes.
文摘In order to identify the tilt direction of the self-mixing signals under weak feedback regime interfered by noise,a deep learning method is proposed.The one-dimensional U-Net(1D U-Net)neural network can identify the direction of the self-mixing fringes accurately and quickly.In the process of measurement,the measurement signal can be normalized and then the neural network can be used to discriminate the direction.Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is suitable for self-mixing interference signals with noise in the whole weak feedback regime,and can maintain a high discrimination accuracy for signals interfered by 5 dB large noise.Combined with fringe counting method,accurate and rapid displacement reconstruction can be realized.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2021YFB3600400Mindu Innovation Laboratory Project under Grant No.2020ZZ113.
文摘Power grid is an indispensable infrastructure in modern society,in order to ensure the normal operation of the grid,online non-contact monitoring of high-voltage lines is essential.In this work,a‘capacitor-laser diode(LD)-capacitor’structure,namely,laser diode in capacitors(LDIC),that can be used for non-contact monitoring of high-voltage(HV)line status by directly transferring the status information of the HV line to modulated laser pulses is proposed.The proposed LDIC can accurately extract the real-time voltage changes on the HV line with an accuracy level of 0.959%.Because the LDIC is sensitive to high-frequency electromagnetic field,the LDIC is successfully utilised to detect the external electromagnetic interference(EMI)to obtain the intensity and frequency of the external EMI.Additionally,the amplitude and frequency of the HV line vibration can be accurately monitored by using the LDIC.For the third-order curve fitting of vibration amplitude,the average error is only 0.00867,and the average error of linear fitting of vibration frequency is as low as 0.00655.This work provides a novel approach for the online monitoring of the HV line status and a new supplement for the development of power grid technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61505160)the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(No.2018KJXX-042)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(No.2019JM-084)the State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics(No.SKLST202108)the Graduate Innovation and Practical Ability Training Project of Xi’an Shiyou University(No.YCS22213190)。
文摘We proposed and demonstrated the ultra-compact 1310/1550 nm wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer assisted by subwavelength grating(SWG)using particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm in silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platform.Through the self-imaging effect of multimode interference(MMI)coupler,the demultiplexing function for 1310 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths is implemented.After that,three parallel SWG-based slots are inserted into the MMI section so that the effective refractive index of the modes can be engineered and thus the beat length can be adjusted.Importantly,these three SWG slots significantly reduce the length of the device,which is much shorter than the length of traditional MMI-based wavelength demultiplexers.Ultimately,by using the PSO algorithm,the equivalent refractive index and width of the SWG in a certain range are optimized to achieve the best performance of the wavelength demultiplexer.It has been verified that the device footprint is only 2×30.68μm^(2),and 1 dB bandwidths of larger than 120 nm are acquired at 1310 nm and 1550 nm wavelengths.Meanwhile,the transmitted spectrum shows that the insertion loss(IL)values are below 0.47 dB at both wavelengths when the extinction ratio(ER)values are above 12.65 dB.This inverse design approach has been proved to be efficient in increasing bandwidth and reducing device length.
文摘In this study,we design and numerically investigate a novel all optical D flip-flop(AODFF)based on linear photonic crystal(LPhC)structure that is composed of optical waveguides using the finite difference time domain(FDTD)method.The proposed structure has the hexagonal close packed of 16×20 circular rods that are suspended in the air substrate with a lattice constant of 606 nm.The plane wave expansion(PWE)method is used to obtain the band diagram for AODFF at an operating wavelength of 1550 nm.The proposed optical flip-flop achieves a low delay time of 0.2 ps and a high contrast ratio(CR)of 10.33 dB.The main advantage of this design is that the input power as low as 1 mW/μm^(2) is sufficient for its operation,since no nonlinear rods are included.In addition,the footprint of the proposed AODFF is 100μm^(2),which is smaller compared to the structures reported in the literature,and it has a fast switching frequency of 5 Tbit/s.
文摘Viruses are extremely heterogeneous entities; the size and the nature of their genetic information, as well as the strategies employed to amplify and propagate their genomes, are highly variable. However, as obligatory intracellular parasites, replication of all viruses relies on the host cell. Having co-evolved with their host for several million years, viruses have developed very sophisticated strategies to hijack cellular factors that promote virus uptake, replication, and spread. Identification of host cell factors(HCFs) required for these processes is a major challenge for researchers, but it enables the identification of new, highly selective targets for anti viral therapeutics. To this end, the establishment of platforms enabling genome-wide high-throughput RNA interference(HT-RNAi) screens has led to the identification of several key factors involved in the viral lifecycle. A number of genome-wide HT-RNAi screens have been performed for major human pathogens. These studies enable first inter-viral comparisons related to HCF requirements. Although several cellular functions appear to be uniformly required for the life cycle of most viruses tested(such as the proteasome and the Golgi-mediated secretory pathways), some factors, like the lipid kinase Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase Ⅲα in the case of hepatitis C virus, are selectively required for individual viruses. However, despite the amount of data available, we are still far away from a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between viruses and host factors. Major limitations towards this goal are the low sensitivity and specificity of such screens, resulting in limited overlap between different screens performed with the same virus. This review focuses on how statistical and bioinformatic analysis methods applied to HTRNAi screens can help overcoming these issues thus increasing the reliability and impact of such studies.
文摘With the advancement of electronic countermeasures,airborne synthetic aperture radar(SAR)systems are facing increasing challenges in maintaining effective performance in hostile environments.In particular,high-power interference can severely degrade SAR imaging and signal processing,often rendering target detection impossible.This highlights the urgent need for robust anti-interference solutions in both the signal processing and image processing domains.While current methods address interference across various domains,techniques such as waveform modification and spatial filtering typically increase the system costs and complexity.To overcome these limitations,we propose a novel approach that leverages the multi-domain characteristics of interference to efficiently suppress narrowband interference and repeater modulation interference.Specifically,narrowband interference is mitigated using notch filtering,a signal processing technique that effectively filters out unwanted frequencies,while repeater modulation interference is addressed through strong signal amplitude normalization,which enhances both the signal and image processing quality.These methods were validated through tests on real SAR data,demonstrating significant improvements in the imaging performance and system robustness.Our approach offers valuable insights for advancing anti-interference technologies in SAR systems and provides a cost-effective solution to enhance their resilience in complex electronic warfare environments.
文摘This paper analyses frequency tracking characteristics of a complex-coefficient adaptive infinite-impulse response (IIR) notch filter used for suppression of narrow-band interference (NBI) with a randomly-varying frequency in a quadriphase shift keying (QPSK) modulated direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) communication system. The QPSK DS-CDMA signals are transmitted over a frequency non-selective Rayleigh fading channel. The analysis is based on a first-order real-coefficient difference equation with respect to steady-state instantaneous frequency tracking error from which a closed-form expression that relates frequency tracking mean square error (MSE) with number of DS-CDMA active users and NBI power is obtained. Closed-form expressions for optimum notch bandwidth coefficient and step size constant that minimize the frequency tracking MSE are also derived. Computer simulations are included to substantiate the accuracy of the analyses.
文摘A measurement system for the scattering characteristics of warhead fragments based on high-speed imaging systems offers advantages such as simple deployment,flexible maneuverability,and high spatiotemporal resolution,enabling the acquisition of full-process data of the fragment scattering process.However,mismatches between camera frame rates and target velocities can lead to long motion blur tails of high-speed fragment targets,resulting in low signal-to-noise ratios and rendering conventional detection algorithms ineffective in dynamic strong interference testing environments.In this study,we propose a detection framework centered on dynamic strong interference disturbance signal separation and suppression.We introduce a mixture Gaussian model constrained under a joint spatialtemporal-transform domain Dirichlet process,combined with total variation regularization to achieve disturbance signal suppression.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed disturbance suppression method can be integrated with certain conventional motion target detection tasks,enabling adaptation to real-world data to a certain extent.Moreover,we provide a specific implementation of this process,which achieves a detection rate close to 100%with an approximate 0%false alarm rate in multiple sets of real target field test data.This research effectively advances the development of the field of damage parameter testing.
文摘BACKGROUND Bioabsorbable interference screws are a widely used option for graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction.Their ability to degrade over time and avoid secondary hardware removal makes them advantageous.However,complications such as breakage and intra-articular migration of screws can cause significant clinical issues,including joint pain,swelling,and cartilage damage.Early diagnosis and management are critical in such cases.CASE SUMMARY A 26-year-old male presented with knee pain and swelling one year after ACL reconstruction using a hamstring graft and bioabsorbable tibial interference screw.The patient had been engaged in rigorous physical activity as part of military training.Clinical examination revealed mild effusion without instability,and imaging showed screw breakage with intra-articular migration.Therapeutic arthroscopy confirmed intact graft tension,and broken screw fragments were removed successfully.The patient resumed normal activity two weeks after surgery.CONCLUSION This case highlights the potential complications associated with bioabsorbable screws,emphasizing the need for meticulous surgical technique,postoperative monitoring,and timely intervention.A comprehensive review of the literature illustrates the mechanisms,risk factors,and preventive strategies associated with screw-related complications.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.YQ2020E009).
文摘Robust, ultra-flexible, and multifunctional MXene-basedelectromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding nanocomposite filmsexhibit enormous potential for applications in artificial intelligence,wireless telecommunication, and portable/wearable electronic equipment.In this work, a nacre-inspired multifunctional heterocyclic aramid(HA)/MXene@polypyrrole (PPy) (HMP) nanocomposite paper withlarge-scale, high strength, super toughness, and excellent tolerance tocomplex conditions is fabricated through the strategy of HA/MXenehydrogel template-assisted in-situ assembly of PPy. Benefiting from the"brick-and-mortar" layered structure and the strong hydrogen-bondinginteractions among MXene, HA, and PPy, the paper exhibits remarkable mechanical performances, including high tensile strength (309.7 MPa),outstanding toughness (57.6 MJ m−3), exceptional foldability, and structural stability against ultrasonication. By using the template effect ofHA/MXene to guide the assembly of conductive polymers, the synthesized paper obtains excellent electronic conductivity. More importantly,the highly continuous conductive path enables the nanocomposite paper to achieve a splendid EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 54.1 dBat an ultra-thin thickness (25.4 μm) and a high specific EMI SE of 17,204.7 dB cm2g−1. In addition, the papers also have excellent applicationsin electromagnetic protection, electro-/photothermal de-icing, thermal therapy, and fire safety. These findings broaden the ideas for developinghigh-performance and multifunctional MXene-based films with enormous application potential in EMI shielding and thermal management.
基金supported by the science and technology project of State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company(No.52094023003L).
文摘New electric power systems characterized by a high proportion of renewable energy and power electronics equipment face significant challenges due to high-frequency(HF)electromagnetic interference from the high-speed switching of power converters.To address this situation,this paper offers an in-depth review of HF interference problems and challenges originating from power electronic devices.First,the root cause of HF electromagnetic interference,i.e.,the resonant response of the parasitic parameters of the system to high-speed switching transients,is analyzed,and various scenarios of HF interference in power systems are highlighted.Next,the types of HF interference are summarized,with a focus on common-mode interference in grounding systems.This paper thoroughly reviews and compares various suppression methods for conducted HF interference.Finally,the challenges involved and suggestions for addressing emerging HF interference problems from the perspective of both power electronics equipment and power systems are discussed.This review aims to offer a structured understanding of HF interference problems and their suppression techniques for researchers and practitioners.
基金Institute of Nonlinear Science of Donghua University,China
文摘In the future the fifth generation( 5 G) communication systems,channel models may be very complicated and it is difficult to calculate equivalent signal to interference plus noise ratio( SINR)of a random fading channel. Therefore,methods for the calculation of equivalent SINR of a random fading channel are very necessary.In this paper,an enhanced algorithm on the exponential effective SINR mapping( EESM) model for random fading channels was proposed. First, the optimal adjustment parameters of typical channel fading models including extended pedestrian A( EPA)model,extended vehicular A( EVA) model and extended typical urban( ETU) model were obtained by simulation. Then the proposed solution was used to actualize channel classification according to the maximum multipath delay and the average power of the random channel. The solution can determine the typical channel closest to random channel for obtaining the optimal adjustment value of EESM. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed one can improve the whole system throughput significantly and meanwhile the accuracy of the link prediction algorithm is also guaranteed.
文摘Background:Lipemia,characterized by elevated triglyceride levels in blood samples,is a prevalent preanalytical interferent in clinical hematology.It leads to erroneous measurements of key complete blood count(CBC)parameters,including falsely elevated hemoglobin(Hgb)and platelet(PLT)counts.These inaccuracies can compromise diagnostic reliability and patient management.Objective:This review systematically evaluates existing correction methods for lipemic interference in CBC analysis,comparing their efficacy,limitations,and applicability in clinical settings.Methods:We analyze saline replacement,formula-based correction,instrument-specific algorithms,and emerging technologies,supported by experimental and clinical validation data.Conclusion:An optimized,context-dependent strategy is proposed,integrating multiple correction approaches based on lipemia severity.Future research directions,including artificial intelligence(AI)-enhanced corrections and standardized protocols,are discussed to advance hematology testing accuracy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2394533,32222036,82030038,and 62472206)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0701400)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(2022410129,KJZD20230923115221044,and KCXFZ20201221173400001).
文摘Transcranial temporal interference stimulation(tTIS)is a novel non-invasive neuromodulation technique with the potential to precisely target deep brain structures.This study explores the neural and behavioral effects of tTIS on the superior colliculus(SC),a region involved in eye movement control,in mice.Computational modeling revealed that tTIS delivers more focused stimulation to the SC than traditional transcranial alternating current stimulation.In vivo experiments,including Ca^(2+)signal recordings and eye movement tracking,showed that tTIS effectively modulates SC neural activity and induces eye movements.A significant correlation was found between stimulation frequency and saccade frequency,suggesting direct tTIS-induced modulation of SC activity.These results demonstrate the precision of tTIS in targeting deep brain regions and regulating eye movements,highlighting its potential for neuroscientific research and therapeutic applications.
