The cathode interfacial layer (CIL) in organicsolar cells (OSCs) is crucial for the transport and collection ofcharge carriers. However, many cathode interfacial materials(CIMs) are unsuitable for printing manufacturi...The cathode interfacial layer (CIL) in organicsolar cells (OSCs) is crucial for the transport and collection ofcharge carriers. However, many cathode interfacial materials(CIMs) are unsuitable for printing manufacturing due to theirsensitivity to thickness. To tackle this issue, researchers havedeveloped a series of CIMs with n-type conjugated frame-works, particularly the naphthalene diimide (NDI) unit, owingto its high electron mobility and complementary absorptionwith commonly used active layers. Despite this, individualNDI molecules have a strong tendency to form large crystallinedomains, which can lead to interfacial defects in CILs. In thiswork, a different approach from other NDI-based CIMs wasadopted by substituting amino polar groups at the core posi-tion of NDI and polymerizing them into ionene-type CIMs.We designed and synthesized three self-doped polymer CIMsnamed PN-Pi, PN-Pe and PN-Eh. Among them, PN-Pi notablyreduces the work function of the Ag electrode, aligns inter-facial energies appropriately, smooths the active layer film andsuppresses carrier injection. This results in an impressivepower conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.33% in the PM6:L8-BO system and maintains 90.4% PCE even at 127 nm thick-ness, ranking among the top film-thickness tolerance in theOSC field. This work demonstrates that combining conjugatedbackbone substitution with ionic polymerization is a promis-ing strategy for designing high-performance CIMs for OSCs.展开更多
Graphene dispersions in low-boiling-point green solvents have wide applications in coatings,conducting inks,batteries,electronics and solar cells.Two three-dimensional(3D)cathode interfacial materials(CIMs)(1,3,5,7,9,...Graphene dispersions in low-boiling-point green solvents have wide applications in coatings,conducting inks,batteries,electronics and solar cells.Two three-dimensional(3D)cathode interfacial materials(CIMs)(1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octa-(9-bis(30-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-vinylpentacyclo-octasiloxane)(POSSFN)and(1,3,5,7-tetra-(9-bis(30-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-adamantane)(ADMAFN)are excellent surfactants for dispersing graphene in ethanol at the concentration of 0.97–1.18 mg mL−1,in agreement with their calculated large adsorption energies on graphene.The results of electron spin resonance,Raman,scanning Kelvin probe microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that the amino groups could n-dope graphene or form dipole interaction with graphene.The two 3D-surfactant-based graphene composites(POSSFN-G and ADMAFN-G)can work as high-performance CIMs in organic solar cells(OSCs),which improve the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the OSCs based on PM6:Y6 to 15.9%–16.1%.ADMAFN forms dipole interaction with graphene in ADMAFN-G and the composite CIM delivers high PCE of 16.11%in the OSCs,while POSSFN forms n-doped composition with graphene in POSSFN-G which works well as thicker CIM film in the OSCs.展开更多
Water/alcohol soluble cathode interfacial materials(CIMs)are playing important roles in optoelectronic devices such as organic light emitting diodes,perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein,n-doped ...Water/alcohol soluble cathode interfacial materials(CIMs)are playing important roles in optoelectronic devices such as organic light emitting diodes,perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein,n-doped solution-processable single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)-containing CIMs for OSCs are developed by dispersing SWCNTs to the typical CIMs perylene diimide(PDI)derivatives PDIN and PDINO.The Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)measurement results illustrate the ndoped behavior of SWCNTs by PDIN/PDINO in the blend CIMs.The blended and n-doped SWCNTs can tune the work function and enhance the conductivity of the PDI-derivative/SWCNT(PDI-CNT)composite CIMs,and the composite CIMs can regulate and down-shift the work function of cathode,reduce the charge recombination,improve the charge extraction rate and enhance photovoltaic performance of the OSCs.High power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 17.1%and 17.7%are obtained for the OSCs based on PM6:Y6 and ternary PM6:Y6:PC_(71) BM respectively with the PDI-CNTcomposites CIMs.These results indicate that the ndoped SWCNT-containing composites,like other n-doped nanomaterials such as zero dimensional fullerenes and two dimensional graphenes,are excellent CIMs for OSCs and could find potential applications in other optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Organic solar cells(OSCs)have attracted much interest in the past few decades because of their advantages,such as being lightweight,low cost,simple preparation process,and environmental friendliness.While researchers ...Organic solar cells(OSCs)have attracted much interest in the past few decades because of their advantages,such as being lightweight,low cost,simple preparation process,and environmental friendliness.While researchers have made significant progress on the active layer materials of OSCs,the interface engineering is another entry point for upgrading the photovoltaic performance of OSCs.Significantly,the interface modification materials,including anode interfacial materials and cathode interfacial materials,are two essential parts of interfacial layers for OSCs,in which the excellent interfacial materials can realize the very high-performance photovoltaic cells.Among these interfacial materials,the anode interfacial layers(AILs)play a crucial role in improving photovoltaic performance.This review expresses a detailed conclusion of the development of anode interfacial materials and an outlook on future trends for OSCs.展开更多
The heterogeneous Fenton reaction can generate highly reactive hydroxyl radicals（·OH）from reactions between recyclable solid catalysts and H2O2 at acidic or even circumneutral pH.Hence,it can effectively oxidiz...The heterogeneous Fenton reaction can generate highly reactive hydroxyl radicals（·OH）from reactions between recyclable solid catalysts and H2O2 at acidic or even circumneutral pH.Hence,it can effectively oxidize refractory organics in water or soils and has become a promising environmentally friendly treatment technology.Due to the complex reaction system,the mechanism behind heterogeneous Fenton reactions remains unresolved but fascinating,and is crucial for understanding Fenton chemistry and the development and application of efficient heterogeneous Fenton technologies.Iron-based materials usually possess high catalytic activity,low cost,negligible toxicity and easy recovery,and are a superior type of heterogeneous Fenton catalysts.Therefore,this article reviews the fundamental but important interfacial mechanisms of heterogeneous Fenton reactions catalyzed by iron-based materials..OH,hydroperoxyl radicals/superoxide anions（HO2./O2^-.）and high-valent iron are the three main types of reactive oxygen species（ROS）,with different oxidation reactivity and selectivity.Based on the mechanisms of ROS generation,the interfacial mechanisms of heterogeneous Fenton systems can be classified as the homogeneous Fenton mechanism induced by surface-leached iron,the heterogeneous catalysis mechanism,and the heterogeneous reaction-induced homogeneous mechanism.Different heterogeneous Fenton systems catalyzed by characteristic iron-based materials are comprehensively reviewed.Finally,related future research directions are also suggested.展开更多
The interfacial performance of the Fiber Bragg grating（FGB） embedded in the composite was studied and the influence of interface modification on the final profile of the spectra of the FBG sensor was examined. A typ...The interfacial performance of the Fiber Bragg grating（FGB） embedded in the composite was studied and the influence of interface modification on the final profile of the spectra of the FBG sensor was examined. A type of polyamine（Pentaethylenehexamine, PEHA） was proposed to modify the coating of PI on FBG, and the interfacial performance was evaluated by a pull-out test. Sharp improvements of the interfacial shear strength（77%） were obtained by 40 min treatment of PEHA. Compared with untreated specimen, FGB spectra of treated specimen in the tensile tests show improved linearity within the test regime, which proves that the enhanced interface is beneficial for the sensing performance.展开更多
Numerical simulations based on a new regularized phase-field model were presented, to simulate the solidification of hexagonal close-packed materials with strong interfacial energy anisotropies. Results show that the ...Numerical simulations based on a new regularized phase-field model were presented, to simulate the solidification of hexagonal close-packed materials with strong interfacial energy anisotropies. Results show that the crystal grows into facet dendrites,displaying six-fold symmetry. The size of initial crystals has an effect on the branching-off of the principal branch tip along the<100> direction, which is eliminated by setting the b/a(a and b are the semi-major and semi-minor sizes in the initial elliptical crystals, respectively) value to be less than or equal to 1. With an increase in the undercooling value, the equilibrium morphology of the crystal changes from a star-like shape to facet dendrites without side branches. The steady-state tip velocity increases exponentially when the dimensionless undercooling is below the critical value. With a further increase in the undercooling value, the equilibrium morphology of the crystal grows into a developed side-branch structure, and the steady-state tip velocity of the facet dendrites increases linearly. The facet dendrite growth has controlled diffusion and kinetics.展开更多
The nanostructure of cementitious materials has important effects on concrete properties. The effects of rice husk ash（RHA） on cement hydration product phases and interfacial transition zone（ITZ） in mortar were in...The nanostructure of cementitious materials has important effects on concrete properties. The effects of rice husk ash（RHA） on cement hydration product phases and interfacial transition zone（ITZ） in mortar were investigated from the nano-scale structure perspective. The experimental results indicate that, with the increase of RHA dosages of samples, the volume fraction of high-density calcium-silicate-hydrate（HD C-S-H） in porosity and hydration product phases increases. The volume fractions of HD C-S-H in C-S-H of samples show an increasing trend with the increase of RHA dosages. RHA decreases the thickness of ITZ and increases the matrix elastic moduli of samples, however, the RHA dosoges hardly affect the thickness and elastic moduli.展开更多
The effect of coatings(Y_2O_3, Zr O_2 and Al_2O_3) on the interfacial reaction of Ti Al alloys was studied with molecular dynamics. The binding energy of coatings and the diffusion process of oxygen in the melt were s...The effect of coatings(Y_2O_3, Zr O_2 and Al_2O_3) on the interfacial reaction of Ti Al alloys was studied with molecular dynamics. The binding energy of coatings and the diffusion process of oxygen in the melt were simulated, and then the simulation results were compared with the experimental results. The simulation results indicate that for each of the three simulated coatings, inordinate interfacial reactions have occurred between the coating and the melt. The binding energy results show that Y_2O_3 has the best stability and is the most difficult to break down. Zr O_2 has the greatest decomposition energy and is the easiest to break down in the melt. Besides, the molecular dynamics indicate that the diffusion coefficient of the oxygen atom in Al_2O_3 is larger than that in the other two coatings, indicating that oxygen diffusion in Al_2O_3 is the fastest at a given temperature. The experimental results show that the oxygen concentration of the melt with Al_2O_3 coating is the highest, and the oxygen diffusion is of similar magnitude to the simulation values, from which the conclusion can be obtained that the oxygen concentration is significantly influenced by the coating materials.展开更多
The ballistic performance,and behaviour,of an armour system is governed by two major sets of variables,geometrical and material.Of these,the consistency of performance,especially against small arms ammunition,will dep...The ballistic performance,and behaviour,of an armour system is governed by two major sets of variables,geometrical and material.Of these,the consistency of performance,especially against small arms ammunition,will depend upon the consistency of the properties of the constituent materials.In a body armour system for example,fibre diameter,areal density of woven fabric,and bulk density of ceramic are examples of critical parameters and monitoring such parameters will form the backbone of associated quality control procedures.What is often overlooked,because it can fall into the User’s domain,are the interfaces that exist between the various products;the carrier,the Soft Armour Insert(SAI),and the one or two hard armour plates(HAP1 and HAP2).This is especially true if the various products are sourced from different suppliers.展开更多
For the further improvement of the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the buried interface between the perovskite and the electron transport layer is crucial.However,it is ch...For the further improvement of the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the buried interface between the perovskite and the electron transport layer is crucial.However,it is challenging to effectively optimize this interface as it is buried beneath the perovskite film.Herein,we have designed and synthesized a series of multifunctional organic-inorganic(OI)complexes as buried interfacial material to promote electron extraction,as well as the crystal growth of the perovskite.The OI complex with BF4−group not only eliminates oxygen vacancies on the SnO_(2) surface but also balances energy level alignment between SnO_(2) and perovskite,providing a favorable environment for charge carrier extraction.Moreover,OI complex with amine(−NH_(2))functional group can regulate the crystallization of the perovskite film via interaction with PbI2,resulting in highly crystallized perovskite film with large grains and low defect density.Consequently,with rational molecular design,the PSCs with optimal OI complex buried interface layer which contains both BF4−and−NH_(2) functional groups yield a champion device efficiency of 23.69%.More importantly,the resulting unencapsulated device performs excellent ambient stability,maintaining over 90%of its initial efficiency after 2000 h storage,and excellent light stability of 91.5%remaining PCE in the maximum power point tracking measurement(under continuous 100 mW cm−2 light illumination in N2 atmosphere)after 500 h.展开更多
Cathode interfacial materials(CIMs)stand as critical elemental in organic solar cells(OSCs),which can align energy levels,and foster ohmic contacts between the cathode and active layer of the OSCs.Nevertheless,the lag...Cathode interfacial materials(CIMs)stand as critical elemental in organic solar cells(OSCs),which can align energy levels,and foster ohmic contacts between the cathode and active layer of the OSCs.Nevertheless,the lagging advancement in CIMs has concurrently engendered the oversight of theoretical inquiries pertaining to the impact of molecular structure on their performance.Delving into this realm,we present two propeller-shaped isomers,4,4',4''-(benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-b'']trithiophene-2,5,8-triyl)tris(2-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione)(3ONIN)and 6,6',6''-(benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-b'']trithiophene-2,5,8-triyl)tris(2-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione)(3PNIN),distinguished by their molecular planarity,as a promising foundation for crafting highly efficient OSCs.This study illuminates the superiority of 3PNIN with more plane structure,exemplified by its enhanced molar extinction coefficient,deeper lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)and highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)energy levels,intensified self-doping effect,heightened electron mobility,and elevated conductivity,in comparison to its counterpart,3ONIN.As a result,3PNIN and 3ONIN-treated OSC devices yield efficiencies of 17.73%and 16.82%,respectively.This finding serves as a compelling validation of the critical role played by molecular planarity in influencing CIM performance.展开更多
Inflammatory cytokine storms can trigger disease exacerbation and even death and have reached a consensus in the clinical treatment of acute organ failure.However,the existing strategies remain a great challenge to ef...Inflammatory cytokine storms can trigger disease exacerbation and even death and have reached a consensus in the clinical treatment of acute organ failure.However,the existing strategies remain a great challenge to efficiently suppress inflammatory cytokine storms for promoting organ repair and regeneration.Herein,fully human umbilical cord(UC)-derived adhesive materials(UCAM)that integrate decellularized extracellular matrix(ECM)nanofiber hydrogel and homologous mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are demonstrated to greatly suppress inflammatory cytokine storms,demonstrating high efficacy in treating acute liver failure(ALF)in rats with 90%hepatectomy.The UC-derived adhesive materials have the capacity to secrete a significant quantity of cytokines by MSCs to recruit activated immune cells to migrate into their ECM nanofiber networks,segregating them away from the infection area and thereby greatly suppressing the inflammatory cytokine storms.As expected,the UC-derived adhesive materials can significantly promote hepatocyte proliferation to achieve functional recovery and regeneration of the liver,significantly improving the survival rate in rats.Our fully human UC-derived adhesive materials provide a new avenue in suppressing inflammatory cytokine storms for promoting organ regeneration that would be really utility in clinical organ transplantation-related treatment.展开更多
As an important and effective indicator of contact heat transfer,thermal contact resistance is a widespread phenomenon in engineering.It can directly affect product reliability,full-load performance,power consumption ...As an important and effective indicator of contact heat transfer,thermal contact resistance is a widespread phenomenon in engineering.It can directly affect product reliability,full-load performance,power consumption and even life cycle in energy,aerospace,electronic packaging,cryogenic refrigeration,etc.Therefore,enhancing the interface heat transfer and suppressing thermal contact resistance have become increasingly important.Against this background,this paper seeks to elaborate on conceptions of thermal contact resistance and the ways to reduce it.After reviewing the existing methods of measuring thermal contact resistance and characterizing the interface morphology,we highlight the theoretical underpinnings of thermal contact resistance,including the two-dimensional mathematic characteristics of the contact interface and the theoretical and empirical models for quantifying it.Three categories of influencing factors,i.e.,thermal,geometrical and mechanical states,are then presented.Based on the macroscopic formation mechanism,the paper summarizes the existing methods for suppressing thermal contact resistance,with close attention paid to polymer composite thermal interfacial materials and metal interfacial materials filled with high thermal conductivity filler.In light of the findings,this review provides five promising directions for future research on thermal contact resistance.It suggests that the failure modes and service life of interface materials are essential to apply such technologies to suppress thermal contact resistance in practice.This review will be a guide for future research in thermal contact resistance and for the widespread use of composite interface materials.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells represent a promising third-generation photovoltaic technology with low fabrication cost and high power conversion efficiency.In light of the rapid development of perovskite materials and device...Perovskite solar cells represent a promising third-generation photovoltaic technology with low fabrication cost and high power conversion efficiency.In light of the rapid development of perovskite materials and devices,a systematic survey on the latest advancements covering a broad range of related work is urgently needed.This review summarizes the recent major advances in the research of perovskite solar cells from a material science perspective.The discussed topics include the devices based on different type of perovskites(organic-inorganic hybrid,all-inorganic,and lead-free perovskite and perovskite quantum dots),the properties of perovskite defects,different type of charge transport materials(organic,polymeric,and inorganic hole transport materials and inorganic and organic electron transport materials),counter electrodes,and interfacial materials used to improve the efficiency and stability of devices.Most discussions focus on the key progresses reported within the recent five years.Meanwhile,the major issues limiting the production of perovskite solar cells and the prospects for the future development of related materials are discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (92256202, U22A20399, 22221001, and 52373185)the 111 Project 2.0 (BP1221004)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Major Program of Gansu Province of China (22ZD6FA006, 23ZDFA015, and 24ZD13FA017)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2022-kb01)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0133900)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M733198)。
文摘The cathode interfacial layer (CIL) in organicsolar cells (OSCs) is crucial for the transport and collection ofcharge carriers. However, many cathode interfacial materials(CIMs) are unsuitable for printing manufacturing due to theirsensitivity to thickness. To tackle this issue, researchers havedeveloped a series of CIMs with n-type conjugated frame-works, particularly the naphthalene diimide (NDI) unit, owingto its high electron mobility and complementary absorptionwith commonly used active layers. Despite this, individualNDI molecules have a strong tendency to form large crystallinedomains, which can lead to interfacial defects in CILs. In thiswork, a different approach from other NDI-based CIMs wasadopted by substituting amino polar groups at the core posi-tion of NDI and polymerizing them into ionene-type CIMs.We designed and synthesized three self-doped polymer CIMsnamed PN-Pi, PN-Pe and PN-Eh. Among them, PN-Pi notablyreduces the work function of the Ag electrode, aligns inter-facial energies appropriately, smooths the active layer film andsuppresses carrier injection. This results in an impressivepower conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.33% in the PM6:L8-BO system and maintains 90.4% PCE even at 127 nm thick-ness, ranking among the top film-thickness tolerance in theOSC field. This work demonstrates that combining conjugatedbackbone substitution with ionic polymerization is a promis-ing strategy for designing high-performance CIMs for OSCs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51820105003,51863002 and 51973042)the Excellent Young Scientific and Technological Talents of Guizhou,China(QKHPTRC[2019]5652)。
文摘Graphene dispersions in low-boiling-point green solvents have wide applications in coatings,conducting inks,batteries,electronics and solar cells.Two three-dimensional(3D)cathode interfacial materials(CIMs)(1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15-octa-(9-bis(30-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-vinylpentacyclo-octasiloxane)(POSSFN)and(1,3,5,7-tetra-(9-bis(30-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-adamantane)(ADMAFN)are excellent surfactants for dispersing graphene in ethanol at the concentration of 0.97–1.18 mg mL−1,in agreement with their calculated large adsorption energies on graphene.The results of electron spin resonance,Raman,scanning Kelvin probe microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that the amino groups could n-dope graphene or form dipole interaction with graphene.The two 3D-surfactant-based graphene composites(POSSFN-G and ADMAFN-G)can work as high-performance CIMs in organic solar cells(OSCs),which improve the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the OSCs based on PM6:Y6 to 15.9%–16.1%.ADMAFN forms dipole interaction with graphene in ADMAFN-G and the composite CIM delivers high PCE of 16.11%in the OSCs,while POSSFN forms n-doped composition with graphene in POSSFN-G which works well as thicker CIM film in the OSCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91633301,51863002,51973042)the Excellent Young Scientific and Technological Talents of Guizhou,China(QKHPTRC[2019]5652)the Cultivation and Innovation of New Academic Talents of Guizhou Institute of Technology(GZLGXM-05)。
文摘Water/alcohol soluble cathode interfacial materials(CIMs)are playing important roles in optoelectronic devices such as organic light emitting diodes,perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein,n-doped solution-processable single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)-containing CIMs for OSCs are developed by dispersing SWCNTs to the typical CIMs perylene diimide(PDI)derivatives PDIN and PDINO.The Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)measurement results illustrate the ndoped behavior of SWCNTs by PDIN/PDINO in the blend CIMs.The blended and n-doped SWCNTs can tune the work function and enhance the conductivity of the PDI-derivative/SWCNT(PDI-CNT)composite CIMs,and the composite CIMs can regulate and down-shift the work function of cathode,reduce the charge recombination,improve the charge extraction rate and enhance photovoltaic performance of the OSCs.High power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 17.1%and 17.7%are obtained for the OSCs based on PM6:Y6 and ternary PM6:Y6:PC_(71) BM respectively with the PDI-CNTcomposites CIMs.These results indicate that the ndoped SWCNT-containing composites,like other n-doped nanomaterials such as zero dimensional fullerenes and two dimensional graphenes,are excellent CIMs for OSCs and could find potential applications in other optoelectronic devices.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52373175High-level Innovative Talents Foundation of Guizhou Province,Grant/Award Number:QKHPTRC-GCC[2023]024+3 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Team of Higher Education Department of Guizhou Province,Grant/Award Number:QJJ[2023]053Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou University,Grant/Award Number:GZUTGH[2023]12National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Numbers:2022YFB3803300,2023YFE0116800Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant/Award Number:XDB36000000。
文摘Organic solar cells(OSCs)have attracted much interest in the past few decades because of their advantages,such as being lightweight,low cost,simple preparation process,and environmental friendliness.While researchers have made significant progress on the active layer materials of OSCs,the interface engineering is another entry point for upgrading the photovoltaic performance of OSCs.Significantly,the interface modification materials,including anode interfacial materials and cathode interfacial materials,are two essential parts of interfacial layers for OSCs,in which the excellent interfacial materials can realize the very high-performance photovoltaic cells.Among these interfacial materials,the anode interfacial layers(AILs)play a crucial role in improving photovoltaic performance.This review expresses a detailed conclusion of the development of anode interfacial materials and an outlook on future trends for OSCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21107125, 21577160, 51221892, 51290282 and 41201498)
文摘The heterogeneous Fenton reaction can generate highly reactive hydroxyl radicals（·OH）from reactions between recyclable solid catalysts and H2O2 at acidic or even circumneutral pH.Hence,it can effectively oxidize refractory organics in water or soils and has become a promising environmentally friendly treatment technology.Due to the complex reaction system,the mechanism behind heterogeneous Fenton reactions remains unresolved but fascinating,and is crucial for understanding Fenton chemistry and the development and application of efficient heterogeneous Fenton technologies.Iron-based materials usually possess high catalytic activity,low cost,negligible toxicity and easy recovery,and are a superior type of heterogeneous Fenton catalysts.Therefore,this article reviews the fundamental but important interfacial mechanisms of heterogeneous Fenton reactions catalyzed by iron-based materials..OH,hydroperoxyl radicals/superoxide anions（HO2./O2^-.）and high-valent iron are the three main types of reactive oxygen species（ROS）,with different oxidation reactivity and selectivity.Based on the mechanisms of ROS generation,the interfacial mechanisms of heterogeneous Fenton systems can be classified as the homogeneous Fenton mechanism induced by surface-leached iron,the heterogeneous catalysis mechanism,and the heterogeneous reaction-induced homogeneous mechanism.Different heterogeneous Fenton systems catalyzed by characteristic iron-based materials are comprehensively reviewed.Finally,related future research directions are also suggested.
基金Funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xjj2017160)the National Science and Technology Major Project(2014ZX04001091)
文摘The interfacial performance of the Fiber Bragg grating（FGB） embedded in the composite was studied and the influence of interface modification on the final profile of the spectra of the FBG sensor was examined. A type of polyamine（Pentaethylenehexamine, PEHA） was proposed to modify the coating of PI on FBG, and the interfacial performance was evaluated by a pull-out test. Sharp improvements of the interfacial shear strength（77%） were obtained by 40 min treatment of PEHA. Compared with untreated specimen, FGB spectra of treated specimen in the tensile tests show improved linearity within the test regime, which proves that the enhanced interface is beneficial for the sensing performance.
基金Project(10834015) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(12SKY01-1) supported by the Doctoral Fund of Shangluo University,ChinaProject(14JK1223) supported by the Scientific Research Program of Shaanxi Provincial Education Department,China
文摘Numerical simulations based on a new regularized phase-field model were presented, to simulate the solidification of hexagonal close-packed materials with strong interfacial energy anisotropies. Results show that the crystal grows into facet dendrites,displaying six-fold symmetry. The size of initial crystals has an effect on the branching-off of the principal branch tip along the<100> direction, which is eliminated by setting the b/a(a and b are the semi-major and semi-minor sizes in the initial elliptical crystals, respectively) value to be less than or equal to 1. With an increase in the undercooling value, the equilibrium morphology of the crystal changes from a star-like shape to facet dendrites without side branches. The steady-state tip velocity increases exponentially when the dimensionless undercooling is below the critical value. With a further increase in the undercooling value, the equilibrium morphology of the crystal grows into a developed side-branch structure, and the steady-state tip velocity of the facet dendrites increases linearly. The facet dendrite growth has controlled diffusion and kinetics.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51602198,41427802 and 41302257)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ13D020001)the Shaoxing University Scientific Research Project(No.20145030)
文摘The nanostructure of cementitious materials has important effects on concrete properties. The effects of rice husk ash（RHA） on cement hydration product phases and interfacial transition zone（ITZ） in mortar were investigated from the nano-scale structure perspective. The experimental results indicate that, with the increase of RHA dosages of samples, the volume fraction of high-density calcium-silicate-hydrate（HD C-S-H） in porosity and hydration product phases increases. The volume fractions of HD C-S-H in C-S-H of samples show an increasing trend with the increase of RHA dosages. RHA decreases the thickness of ITZ and increases the matrix elastic moduli of samples, however, the RHA dosoges hardly affect the thickness and elastic moduli.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51304198)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Nos.2013106,20141134 and 2014028-08)
文摘The effect of coatings(Y_2O_3, Zr O_2 and Al_2O_3) on the interfacial reaction of Ti Al alloys was studied with molecular dynamics. The binding energy of coatings and the diffusion process of oxygen in the melt were simulated, and then the simulation results were compared with the experimental results. The simulation results indicate that for each of the three simulated coatings, inordinate interfacial reactions have occurred between the coating and the melt. The binding energy results show that Y_2O_3 has the best stability and is the most difficult to break down. Zr O_2 has the greatest decomposition energy and is the easiest to break down in the melt. Besides, the molecular dynamics indicate that the diffusion coefficient of the oxygen atom in Al_2O_3 is larger than that in the other two coatings, indicating that oxygen diffusion in Al_2O_3 is the fastest at a given temperature. The experimental results show that the oxygen concentration of the melt with Al_2O_3 coating is the highest, and the oxygen diffusion is of similar magnitude to the simulation values, from which the conclusion can be obtained that the oxygen concentration is significantly influenced by the coating materials.
文摘The ballistic performance,and behaviour,of an armour system is governed by two major sets of variables,geometrical and material.Of these,the consistency of performance,especially against small arms ammunition,will depend upon the consistency of the properties of the constituent materials.In a body armour system for example,fibre diameter,areal density of woven fabric,and bulk density of ceramic are examples of critical parameters and monitoring such parameters will form the backbone of associated quality control procedures.What is often overlooked,because it can fall into the User’s domain,are the interfaces that exist between the various products;the carrier,the Soft Armour Insert(SAI),and the one or two hard armour plates(HAP1 and HAP2).This is especially true if the various products are sourced from different suppliers.
基金The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21931002 and 22101123)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0704100)+4 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(no.JCYJ20200109140812302)the Leading talents of Guangdong province program(2016LJ06N507)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power(no.2018B030322001)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis(no.2020B121201002)Outstanding Talents Training Fund in Shenzhen.
文摘For the further improvement of the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the buried interface between the perovskite and the electron transport layer is crucial.However,it is challenging to effectively optimize this interface as it is buried beneath the perovskite film.Herein,we have designed and synthesized a series of multifunctional organic-inorganic(OI)complexes as buried interfacial material to promote electron extraction,as well as the crystal growth of the perovskite.The OI complex with BF4−group not only eliminates oxygen vacancies on the SnO_(2) surface but also balances energy level alignment between SnO_(2) and perovskite,providing a favorable environment for charge carrier extraction.Moreover,OI complex with amine(−NH_(2))functional group can regulate the crystallization of the perovskite film via interaction with PbI2,resulting in highly crystallized perovskite film with large grains and low defect density.Consequently,with rational molecular design,the PSCs with optimal OI complex buried interface layer which contains both BF4−and−NH_(2) functional groups yield a champion device efficiency of 23.69%.More importantly,the resulting unencapsulated device performs excellent ambient stability,maintaining over 90%of its initial efficiency after 2000 h storage,and excellent light stability of 91.5%remaining PCE in the maximum power point tracking measurement(under continuous 100 mW cm−2 light illumination in N2 atmosphere)after 500 h.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22105189).
文摘Cathode interfacial materials(CIMs)stand as critical elemental in organic solar cells(OSCs),which can align energy levels,and foster ohmic contacts between the cathode and active layer of the OSCs.Nevertheless,the lagging advancement in CIMs has concurrently engendered the oversight of theoretical inquiries pertaining to the impact of molecular structure on their performance.Delving into this realm,we present two propeller-shaped isomers,4,4',4''-(benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-b'']trithiophene-2,5,8-triyl)tris(2-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione)(3ONIN)and 6,6',6''-(benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-b'']trithiophene-2,5,8-triyl)tris(2-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione)(3PNIN),distinguished by their molecular planarity,as a promising foundation for crafting highly efficient OSCs.This study illuminates the superiority of 3PNIN with more plane structure,exemplified by its enhanced molar extinction coefficient,deeper lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)and highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)energy levels,intensified self-doping effect,heightened electron mobility,and elevated conductivity,in comparison to its counterpart,3ONIN.As a result,3PNIN and 3ONIN-treated OSC devices yield efficiencies of 17.73%and 16.82%,respectively.This finding serves as a compelling validation of the critical role played by molecular planarity in influencing CIM performance.
基金support by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFA1104900,2022YFA0806301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22075127,31972926,82371725,and 32301204)the Guangdong Key Research and Develop-ment Plan (2019B020234003).
文摘Inflammatory cytokine storms can trigger disease exacerbation and even death and have reached a consensus in the clinical treatment of acute organ failure.However,the existing strategies remain a great challenge to efficiently suppress inflammatory cytokine storms for promoting organ repair and regeneration.Herein,fully human umbilical cord(UC)-derived adhesive materials(UCAM)that integrate decellularized extracellular matrix(ECM)nanofiber hydrogel and homologous mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are demonstrated to greatly suppress inflammatory cytokine storms,demonstrating high efficacy in treating acute liver failure(ALF)in rats with 90%hepatectomy.The UC-derived adhesive materials have the capacity to secrete a significant quantity of cytokines by MSCs to recruit activated immune cells to migrate into their ECM nanofiber networks,segregating them away from the infection area and thereby greatly suppressing the inflammatory cytokine storms.As expected,the UC-derived adhesive materials can significantly promote hepatocyte proliferation to achieve functional recovery and regeneration of the liver,significantly improving the survival rate in rats.Our fully human UC-derived adhesive materials provide a new avenue in suppressing inflammatory cytokine storms for promoting organ regeneration that would be really utility in clinical organ transplantation-related treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52102445)。
文摘As an important and effective indicator of contact heat transfer,thermal contact resistance is a widespread phenomenon in engineering.It can directly affect product reliability,full-load performance,power consumption and even life cycle in energy,aerospace,electronic packaging,cryogenic refrigeration,etc.Therefore,enhancing the interface heat transfer and suppressing thermal contact resistance have become increasingly important.Against this background,this paper seeks to elaborate on conceptions of thermal contact resistance and the ways to reduce it.After reviewing the existing methods of measuring thermal contact resistance and characterizing the interface morphology,we highlight the theoretical underpinnings of thermal contact resistance,including the two-dimensional mathematic characteristics of the contact interface and the theoretical and empirical models for quantifying it.Three categories of influencing factors,i.e.,thermal,geometrical and mechanical states,are then presented.Based on the macroscopic formation mechanism,the paper summarizes the existing methods for suppressing thermal contact resistance,with close attention paid to polymer composite thermal interfacial materials and metal interfacial materials filled with high thermal conductivity filler.In light of the findings,this review provides five promising directions for future research on thermal contact resistance.It suggests that the failure modes and service life of interface materials are essential to apply such technologies to suppress thermal contact resistance in practice.This review will be a guide for future research in thermal contact resistance and for the widespread use of composite interface materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975264,21925112,21875122,61935016,92056119,61935016,21771008)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2191003)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association Chinese Academy of Sciences,the National Key Research and Development Project funding from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021YFB3800100,2021YFB3800101,2020YFB1506400)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2019B1515120083)。
文摘Perovskite solar cells represent a promising third-generation photovoltaic technology with low fabrication cost and high power conversion efficiency.In light of the rapid development of perovskite materials and devices,a systematic survey on the latest advancements covering a broad range of related work is urgently needed.This review summarizes the recent major advances in the research of perovskite solar cells from a material science perspective.The discussed topics include the devices based on different type of perovskites(organic-inorganic hybrid,all-inorganic,and lead-free perovskite and perovskite quantum dots),the properties of perovskite defects,different type of charge transport materials(organic,polymeric,and inorganic hole transport materials and inorganic and organic electron transport materials),counter electrodes,and interfacial materials used to improve the efficiency and stability of devices.Most discussions focus on the key progresses reported within the recent five years.Meanwhile,the major issues limiting the production of perovskite solar cells and the prospects for the future development of related materials are discussed.
