Recent advances in van der Waals(vdW) ferroelectrics have sparked the development of related heterostructures with non-volatile and field-tunable functionalities. In vdW ferroelectric heterojunctions, the interfacial ...Recent advances in van der Waals(vdW) ferroelectrics have sparked the development of related heterostructures with non-volatile and field-tunable functionalities. In vdW ferroelectric heterojunctions, the interfacial electrical characteristics play a crucial role in determining their performance and functionality. In this study,we explore the interfacial polarization coupling in two-dimensional(2D) ferroelectric heterojunctions by fabricating a graphene/h-BN/CuInP_(2)S_(6)/α-In_(2)Se_(3)/Au ferroelectric field-effect transistor. By varying the gate electric field, the CuInP_(2)S_(6)/α-In_(2)Se_(3) heterojunction displays distinct interfacial polarization coupling states, resulting in significantly different electrical transport behaviors. Under strong gate electric fields, the migration of Cu ions further enhances the interfacial polarization effect, enabling continuous tuning of both the polarization state and carrier concentration in α-In_(2)Se_(3). Our findings offer valuable insights for the development of novel multifunctional devices based on 2D ferroelectric materials.展开更多
The mechanisms of enhancing spin-orbit torque(SOT) have attracted significant attention, particularly regarding the influence of extrinsic scattering mechanisms on SOT efficiency, as they complement intrinsic contribu...The mechanisms of enhancing spin-orbit torque(SOT) have attracted significant attention, particularly regarding the influence of extrinsic scattering mechanisms on SOT efficiency, as they complement intrinsic contributions. In multilayer systems, extrinsic interfacial scattering, along with scattering from defects or impurities inside the materials, plays a crucial role in affecting the SOT efficiency. In this study, we successfully fabricated high-quality epitaxially grown [Ir/Pt]N superlattices with an increasing number of interfaces using a magnetron sputtering system to investigate the contribution of extrinsic interfacial scattering to SOT efficiency. We measured SOT efficiency through spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance methods and determined the spin Hall angle using the spin pumping technique. Additionally, we calculated spin transparency based on the SOT efficiency and spin Hall angle. Our findings indicate that the values of SOT efficiency, spin Hall angle, and spin transparency are enhanced in the superlattice structure compared to Pt, which we attribute to the increase in interfacial scattering.This research offers an effective strategy for designing and fabricating advanced spintronic devices.展开更多
The utilization of solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology is highly important in addressing the energy crisis and water scarcity,primarily because of its affordability and minimal energy usage.Enhancing the p...The utilization of solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology is highly important in addressing the energy crisis and water scarcity,primarily because of its affordability and minimal energy usage.Enhancing the performance of solar energy evaporation and minimizing material degradation during application can be achieved through the design of novel photothermal materials.In solar interfacial evaporation,photothermal materials exhibit a wide range of additional characteristics,but a systematic overview is lacking.This paper encompasses an examination of various categories and principles pertaining to photothermal materials,as well as the structural design considerations for salt-resistant materials.Additionally,we discuss the versatile uses of this appealing technology in different sectors related to energy and the environment.Furthermore,potential solutions to enhance the durability of photothermal materials are also highlighted,such as the rational design of micro/nano-structures,the use of adhesives,the addition of anti-corrosion coatings,and the preparation of self-healing surfaces.The objective of this review is to offer a viable resolution for the logical creation of high-performance photothermal substances,presenting a guide for the forthcoming advancement of solar evaporation technology.展开更多
Surface engineering plays a crucial role in improving the performance of high energy materials,and polydopamine(PDA)is widely used in the field of energetic materials for surface modification and functionalization.In ...Surface engineering plays a crucial role in improving the performance of high energy materials,and polydopamine(PDA)is widely used in the field of energetic materials for surface modification and functionalization.In order to obtain high-quality HMX@PDA-based PBX explosives with high sphericity and a narrow particle size distribution,composite microspheres were prepared using co-axial droplet microfluidic technology.The formation mechanism,thermal behavior,mechanical sensitivity,electrostatic spark sensitivity,compressive strength,and combustion performance of the microspheres were investigated.The results show that PDA can effectively enhance the interfacial interaction between the explosive particles and the binder under the synergistic effect of chemical bonds and the physical"mechanical interlocking"structure.Interface reinforcement causes the thermal decomposition temperature of the sample microspheres to move to a higher temperature,with the sensitivity to impact,friction,and electrostatic sparks(for S-1)increasing by 12.5%,31.3%,and 81.5%respectively,and the compressive strength also increased by 30.7%,effectively enhancing the safety performance of the microspheres.Therefore,this study provides an effective and universal strategy for preparing high-quality functional explosives,and also provides some reference for the safe use of energetic materials in practical applications.展开更多
Revealing the structure evolution of interfacial active species during a dynamic catalytic process is a challenging but pivotal issue for the rational design of high-performance catalysts.Here,we successfully prepare ...Revealing the structure evolution of interfacial active species during a dynamic catalytic process is a challenging but pivotal issue for the rational design of high-performance catalysts.Here,we successfully prepare sub-nanometric Pt clusters(~0.8 nm)encapsulated within the defects of CeO_(2)nanorods via an in-situ defect engineering methodology.The as-prepared Pt@d-CeO_(2)catalyst significantly boosts the activity and stability in the water-gas shift(WGS)reaction compared to other analogs.Based on controlled experiments and complementary(in-situ)spectroscopic studies,a reversible encapsulation induced by active site transformation between the Pt^(2+)-terminal hydroxyl and Pt^(δ+)-O vacancy species at the interface is revealed,which enables to evoke the enhanced performance.Our findings not only offer practical guidance for the design of high-efficiency catalysts but also bring a new understanding of the exceptional performance of WGS in a holistic view,which shows a great application potential in materials and catalysis.展开更多
Through strategies such as process optimization,solvent selection,and component tuning,the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled,enabling perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to achieve over 2...Through strategies such as process optimization,solvent selection,and component tuning,the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled,enabling perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to achieve over 25%power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,as PCE continues to improve,interfacial issues within the devices have emerged as critical bottlenecks,hindering further performance enhancements.Recently,interfacial engineering has driven transformative progress,pushing PCEs to nearly 27%.Building upon these developments,this review first summarizes the pivotal role of interfacial modifications in elevating device performance and then,as a starting point,provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in normal,inverted,and tandem structure devices.Finally,based on the current progress of PSCs,preliminary perspectives on future directions are presented.展开更多
The unique structure and formation mechanism of medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)generally result in bet-ter comprehensive properties than traditional alloys.However,the strength-ductility trade-offremains a bottleneck,whic...The unique structure and formation mechanism of medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)generally result in bet-ter comprehensive properties than traditional alloys.However,the strength-ductility trade-offremains a bottleneck,which limits their applications.In this study,we designed novel high-performance CrNiCu x MEAs with a heterophase composition by incorporating a Cu-rich phase,and they were fabricated using laser-directed energy deposition(LDED).The results show that synergistic strengthening from multiple phases significantly improved the mechanical properties of the alloys,resulting in a tensile strength of 675 MPa and a ductility of 34.4%,demonstrating an excellent combination of high tensile strength and ductility.The improved mechanical properties of the CrNiCu x medium-entropy alloys are primarily due to the heterophase interfacial strengthening mechanism.In the alloy,numerous semi-coherent and coher-ent interfaces formed between the Cr-rich phase,Cu-rich phase,and the matrix,creating extensive lattice distortions at the interfaces.An increase in the Cu-rich phase content promoted the interaction between phases,enhancing the strain energy of the alloy and the barrier strength of the interfaces.The calcu-latedτint values,ranging from approximately 5.92-6.69 GPa,are significantly higher than those found in traditional alloys,providing a benchmark for designing new high-performance medium-entropy alloys.展开更多
Interfacial ferroelectricity is a recently established mechanism for generating spontaneous reversible electric polarization,arising from the charge transfer between stacked van der Waals layered atomic crystals.It ha...Interfacial ferroelectricity is a recently established mechanism for generating spontaneous reversible electric polarization,arising from the charge transfer between stacked van der Waals layered atomic crystals.It has been realized in both naturally formed multilayer crystals and moirésuperlattices.Owing to the large number of material choices and combinations,this approach is highly versatile,greatly expanding the scope of ultrathin ferroelectrics.A key advantage of interfacial ferroelectricity is its potential to couple with preexisting properties of the constituent layers,enabling their electrical manipulation through ferroelectric switching and paving the way for advanced device functionalities.This review article summarizes recent experimental progress in interfacial ferroelectricity,with an emphasis on its coupling with a variety of electronic properties.After introducing the underlying mechanism of interfacial ferroelectricity and the range of material systems discovered to date,we highlight selected examples showcasing ferroelectric control of excitonic optical properties,Berry curvature effects,and superconductivity.We also discuss the challenges and opportunities that await further studies in this field.展开更多
The highly selective catalytic hydrogenation of halogenated nitroaromatics was achieved by employing Pd‑based catalysts that were co‑modified with organic and inorganic ligands.It was demonstrated that the catalysts c...The highly selective catalytic hydrogenation of halogenated nitroaromatics was achieved by employing Pd‑based catalysts that were co‑modified with organic and inorganic ligands.It was demonstrated that the catalysts contained Pd species in mixed valence states,with high valence Pd at the metal‑support interface and zero valence Pd at the metal surface.While the strong coordination of triphenylphosphine(PPh3)to Pd0 on the Pd surface prevents the adsorption of halogenated nitroaromatics and thus dehalogenation,the coordination of sodium metavanadate(NaVO3)to high‑valence Pd sites at the interface helps to activate H2 in a heterolytic pathway for the selective hydrogenation of nitro‑groups.The excellent catalytic performance of the interfacial active sites enables the selective hydrogenation of a wide range of halogenated nitroaromatics.展开更多
Large-area two-dimensional(2D)materials,such as graphene,MoS_(2),WS_(2),h-BN,black phosphorus,and MXenes,are a class of advanced materials with many possible applications.Different applications need different substrat...Large-area two-dimensional(2D)materials,such as graphene,MoS_(2),WS_(2),h-BN,black phosphorus,and MXenes,are a class of advanced materials with many possible applications.Different applications need different substrates,and each substrate may need a different way of transferring the 2D material onto it.Problems such as local stress concentrations,an uneven surface tension,inconsistent adhesion,mechanical damage and contamination during the transfer can adversely affect the quality and properties of the transferred material.Therefore,how to improve the integrity,flatness and cleanness of large area 2D materials is a challenge.In order to achieve high-quality transfer,the main concern is to control the interface adhesion between the substrate,the 2D material and the transfer medium.This review focuses on this topic,and finally,in order to promote the industrial use of large area 2D materials,provides a recipe for this transfer process based on the requirements of the application,and points out the current problems and directions for future development.展开更多
Tetrasodium iminodisuccinate(IDS)was used as an inhibitor in the separation of sphalerite and pyrite in the EX−Cu(II)(ethyl xanthate and Cu2+)system.The flotation test results demonstrated that IDS can effectively sep...Tetrasodium iminodisuccinate(IDS)was used as an inhibitor in the separation of sphalerite and pyrite in the EX−Cu(II)(ethyl xanthate and Cu2+)system.The flotation test results demonstrated that IDS can effectively separate sphalerite and pyrite under low alkaline conditions.Furthermore,high-quality zinc concentrates with a Zn grade of 58.48%and a recovery of 91.24%through mixed mineral flotation were obtained.The fundamental mechanisms were investigated through surface wettability tests,adsorption capacity tests,LEIS,FTIR,and XPS.The results confirmed that IDS prevents the adsorption of EX on the surface of pyrite,thereby reducing the response and reactivity of pyrite.The introduction of IDS causes the detachment of Cu2+from the Cu-activated pyrite surface.This process allowed IDS to chelate with the Fe sites on the surface of pyrite through the-COO-and N-centered active groups.By contrast,IDS exhibits weaker adhesion on the surface of Cu-activated sphalerite,making it easily displaced by EX through competitive adsorption.展开更多
To elucidate the formation mechanisms of burn-on sand and metal penetration during sand casting,some laboratory experiments were carried out at different temperatures(1813,1833,1853,and 1873 K)and holding time(20,40,6...To elucidate the formation mechanisms of burn-on sand and metal penetration during sand casting,some laboratory experiments were carried out at different temperatures(1813,1833,1853,and 1873 K)and holding time(20,40,60,and 90 min)to simulate the interaction between ZG13Cr9Mo1VNbN stainless steel and chromite sand.The results demonstrate that the defects primarily consist of a mixture of the liquid phase,chromite,and metal.The main components of the liquid phase are SiO_(2),MnO,MgO,Cr_(2)O_(3),FeO,and Al_(2)O_(3),and the formation of Cr_(2)O_(3)through interfacial redox reactions has been discovered.The presence of a liquid phase plays a pivotal role in influencing burn-on sand and metal penetration.Interface reactions are prioritized,with burn-on sand maintaining a predominant influence.As the liquid phase quantity within the sand escalates,there is a corresponding incremental rise in the incidence of metal penetration.Even a minimal presence of the silicon element in steel can impact the liquid phase’s formation.Moreover,the decomposition or dissolution of chromite sand is a significant factor in the development of burn-on sand and metal penetration.Thus,a thorough investigation into the conditions and contributing factors of this phenomenon is essential for its effective management and mitigation.展开更多
In this study,a pair of dicarboxylic acids as cis-trans isomerism—citraconic acid(CA)and mesaconic acid(MA),was incorporated into polymeric networks of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM)-based core-shell microgels v...In this study,a pair of dicarboxylic acids as cis-trans isomerism—citraconic acid(CA)and mesaconic acid(MA),was incorporated into polymeric networks of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM)-based core-shell microgels via semi-batch precipitation polymerization.We demonstrated that the pH-temperature dual responsiveness of the core-shell microgels is highly correlated with the structure and position of the acid isomers.Both the cis-trans molecular structure and the crosslinking position of the dicarboxylic acids significantly influenced the hydration capacity and surface charge density of the core-shell microgels.These diverse properties first influenced the swelling behavior,further affecting the interfacial behavior of the microgels,including the oil-water dynamic interfacial tension and air-water compression isotherms.Furthermore,the rheological behavior of the microgel suspensions also displayed distinct dependences on the frequency and temperature,illustrating that the cis-trans molecular structure and crosslinked position of the dicarboxylic acids also significantly influenced the interparticle clustering in the bulk solution.Our results suggest that the pH sensitivity of the cis-trans dicarboxylic acid isomer affects the ionization and surface charge distribution of the core or shell layers of individual microgels,which further determines the interparticle interaction and cooperative rearrangement at interfaces and in the bulk.展开更多
The ability to control the electrode interfaces in an electrochemical energy storage system is essential for achieving the desired electrochemical performance.However,achieving this ability requires an in-depth unders...The ability to control the electrode interfaces in an electrochemical energy storage system is essential for achieving the desired electrochemical performance.However,achieving this ability requires an in-depth understanding of the detailed interfacial nanostructures of the electrode under electrochemical operating conditions.In-situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM)is one of the most powerful techniques for revealing electrochemical energy storage mechanisms with high spatiotemporal resolution and high sensitivity in complex electrochemical environments.These attributes play a unique role in understanding how ion transport inside electrode nanomaterials and across interfaces under the dynamic conditions within working batteries.This review aims to gain an in-depth insight into the latest developments of in-situ TEM imaging techniques for probing the interfacial nanostructures of electrochemical energy storage systems,including atomic-scale structural imaging,strain field imaging,electron holography,and integrated differential phase contrast imaging.Significant examples will be described to highlight the fundamental understanding of atomic-scale and nanoscale mechanisms from employing state-of-the-art imaging techniques to visualize structural evolution,ionic valence state changes,and strain mapping,ion transport dynamics.The review concludes by providing a perspective discussion of future directions of the development and application of in-situ TEM techniques in the field of electrochemical energy storage systems.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries are the most promising next-generation energy storage technologies due to their high energy density.However,their practical application is impeded by serious interfacial side reactions and unco...Lithium metal batteries are the most promising next-generation energy storage technologies due to their high energy density.However,their practical application is impeded by serious interfacial side reactions and uncontrolled dendrite growth of lithium metal anode.Herein,copper 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetate is designed and explored to stabilize lithium metal anode by in-situ constructing a dense and mixed-conductive interfacial protective layer.The formed passivated layer not only significantly inhibits interfacial side reactions by avoiding direct contact between lithium metal anode and electrolyte but also effectively suppresses lithium dendrite growth due to the unique inorganic-rich compositions and mixed-conductive properties.As a result,the copper 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetate-treated lithium metal anodes show greatly improved cycle stability under both high current density and high areal deposition capacity.Notably,the assembled liquid symmetrical cells with copper 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetate-treated lithium metal anodes can stably work for more than 3000,5000,and 4800 h at 1.0 mA cm^(-2)-1.0 mAh cm^(-2),2.0 mA cm^(-2)-5.0 mAh cm^(-2),and10 mA cm^(-2)-5.0 mAh cm^(-2),respectively.Furthermore,the assembled liquid full cell with a high LiFePO4 loading(~16.9 mg cm^(-2))shows a significantly enhanced cycle life of 250 cycles with stable Coulombic efficiencies(>99.1%).Moreover,the assembled all-sol id-state lithium metal battery with a high LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2) loading(~5.0 mg cm^(-2))also exhibits improved cycle stability.These findings underline that the copper 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetate-treated lithium metal anodes show great promise for high-performance lithium metal batteries.展开更多
Magnesium alloys have gained extensive applications across various industries,including aerospace,transportation,and civil construction,owing to their excellent combinations of high specific strength and stiffness[1]....Magnesium alloys have gained extensive applications across various industries,including aerospace,transportation,and civil construction,owing to their excellent combinations of high specific strength and stiffness[1].However,their lim-ited strength due to the lack of effective strengthening phases has hindered their broader industrial applications[2].Never-theless,it has been challenging to achieve significant strength-ening due to the restricted solubility of alloying elements in magnesium[3].Thus,more and more efforts have been made to explore the concept of secondary phase-reinforced magne-sium alloys[2,4,5],where the secondary phase acts as re-inforcing agents within the magnesium matrix,resembling a composite material.展开更多
This study proposes a pre-strain optimization strategy for carbon fiber structural lithium-ion battery(SLIB) composites to inhibit the interfacial debonding between carbon fibers and solid-state electrolytes due to fi...This study proposes a pre-strain optimization strategy for carbon fiber structural lithium-ion battery(SLIB) composites to inhibit the interfacial debonding between carbon fibers and solid-state electrolytes due to fiber lithiation. Through an analytical shear-lag model and finite element simulations, it is demonstrated that applying tensile pre-strain to carbon fibers before electrode assembly effectively reduces the interfacial shear stress, thereby suppressing debonding. However, the excessive pre-strain can induce the interfacial damage in the unlithiated state, necessitating careful control of the pre-strain within a feasible range. This range is influenced by electrode material properties and geometric parameters. Specifically, the electrodes with the higher solid-state electrolyte elastic modulus and larger electrolyte volume fraction exhibit more significant interfacial damage, making pre-strain application increasingly critical. However, these conditions also impose stricter constraints on the feasible pre-strain range. By elucidating the interplay between pre-strain, material properties, and geometric factors, this study provides valuable insights for optimizing the design of carbon fiber SLIBs.展开更多
In this work,an effective catalyst of Cu/MnOOH has been successfully constructed for electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction(e NO_(3)RR)for synthesis of ammonia(NH_(3))under ambient conditions.The substrate of MnOO...In this work,an effective catalyst of Cu/MnOOH has been successfully constructed for electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction(e NO_(3)RR)for synthesis of ammonia(NH_(3))under ambient conditions.The substrate of MnOOH plays an important role on the size and electronic structure of Cu nanoparticles,where Cu has the ultrafine size of 2.2 nm and positive shift of its valence states,which in turn causes the increased number of Cu active sites and enhanced intrinsic activity of every active site.As a result,this catalyst realizes an excellent catalytic performance on eNO_(3)RR with the maximal NH_(3)Faraday efficiency(FE)(96.8%)and the highest yield rate(55.51 mg h^(-1)cm^(-2))at a large NH_(3)partial current density of700 m A/cm^(2),which could help to promote the industrialization of NH_(3)production under ambient conditions.展开更多
Following publication of the original article[1],the authors found that they pasted the same data when drawing XRD for sample NCO-1 and NCO-2 in Fig.2a,however,the XRD of all four samples in the manuscript was tested,...Following publication of the original article[1],the authors found that they pasted the same data when drawing XRD for sample NCO-1 and NCO-2 in Fig.2a,however,the XRD of all four samples in the manuscript was tested,and XRD raw data were kept and can be offered.The correct Fig.2 has been provided in this Correction.展开更多
Regulating the freedom and distribution of H_(2)O molecules has become the decisive factor in enlarging the electrochemical stability window(ESW)of aqueous electrolytes.Compared with the water in a bulk electrolyte,H_...Regulating the freedom and distribution of H_(2)O molecules has become the decisive factor in enlarging the electrochemical stability window(ESW)of aqueous electrolytes.Compared with the water in a bulk electrolyte,H_(2)O molecules at the electrode-electrolyte interface tend to directly split under bias potential.Therefore,the composition and properties of the interfacial microenvironment are the crux for optimizing ESW.Herein,we developed a heterogel electrolyte with wide ESW(4.88 V)and satisfactory ionic conductivity(4.4 mS/cm)inspired by the bicontinuous architecture and surfactant self-assembly behavior in the ionic liquid microemulsion-based template.This electrolyte was capable of expanding the ESW through the dynamic oil/water/electrode interface ternary structure,which enriched the oil phase and assembled the hydrophobic surfactant tails at the interface to prevent H_(2)O molecules from approaching the electrode surface.Moreover,the surfactant Tween 20 and polymer network effectively suppressed the activity of H_(2)O molecules through H-bond interactions,which was beneficial in expanding the operating voltage range and improving the temperature tolerance.The prepared gel electrolyte demonstrated unparalleled adaptability in various aqueous lithium-based energy storage devices.Notably,the lithium-ion capacitor showed an extended operating voltage of 2.2 V and could provide a high power density of 1350.36 W/kg at an energy density of 6 Wh/kg.It maintained normal power output even in the challenging harsh environment,which enabled 11,000 uninterrupted charge-discharge cycles at 0℃.This work focuses on the regulation of the interfacial microdomain and the restriction of the degree of freedom of H_(2)O molecules to boost the ESW of aqueous electrolytes,providing a promising strategy for the advancement of energy storage technologies.展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-049)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302800)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.WK3510000013)。
文摘Recent advances in van der Waals(vdW) ferroelectrics have sparked the development of related heterostructures with non-volatile and field-tunable functionalities. In vdW ferroelectric heterojunctions, the interfacial electrical characteristics play a crucial role in determining their performance and functionality. In this study,we explore the interfacial polarization coupling in two-dimensional(2D) ferroelectric heterojunctions by fabricating a graphene/h-BN/CuInP_(2)S_(6)/α-In_(2)Se_(3)/Au ferroelectric field-effect transistor. By varying the gate electric field, the CuInP_(2)S_(6)/α-In_(2)Se_(3) heterojunction displays distinct interfacial polarization coupling states, resulting in significantly different electrical transport behaviors. Under strong gate electric fields, the migration of Cu ions further enhances the interfacial polarization effect, enabling continuous tuning of both the polarization state and carrier concentration in α-In_(2)Se_(3). Our findings offer valuable insights for the development of novel multifunctional devices based on 2D ferroelectric materials.
基金financially supported by the Science Center of the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52088101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52161160334, 12274437, 12174426, and 52271237)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research No. YSBR-084the CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team。
文摘The mechanisms of enhancing spin-orbit torque(SOT) have attracted significant attention, particularly regarding the influence of extrinsic scattering mechanisms on SOT efficiency, as they complement intrinsic contributions. In multilayer systems, extrinsic interfacial scattering, along with scattering from defects or impurities inside the materials, plays a crucial role in affecting the SOT efficiency. In this study, we successfully fabricated high-quality epitaxially grown [Ir/Pt]N superlattices with an increasing number of interfaces using a magnetron sputtering system to investigate the contribution of extrinsic interfacial scattering to SOT efficiency. We measured SOT efficiency through spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance methods and determined the spin Hall angle using the spin pumping technique. Additionally, we calculated spin transparency based on the SOT efficiency and spin Hall angle. Our findings indicate that the values of SOT efficiency, spin Hall angle, and spin transparency are enhanced in the superlattice structure compared to Pt, which we attribute to the increase in interfacial scattering.This research offers an effective strategy for designing and fabricating advanced spintronic devices.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LR23C160001)Scientific Research Startup Foundation of Zhejiang Ocean University(No.11034150220006).
文摘The utilization of solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology is highly important in addressing the energy crisis and water scarcity,primarily because of its affordability and minimal energy usage.Enhancing the performance of solar energy evaporation and minimizing material degradation during application can be achieved through the design of novel photothermal materials.In solar interfacial evaporation,photothermal materials exhibit a wide range of additional characteristics,but a systematic overview is lacking.This paper encompasses an examination of various categories and principles pertaining to photothermal materials,as well as the structural design considerations for salt-resistant materials.Additionally,we discuss the versatile uses of this appealing technology in different sectors related to energy and the environment.Furthermore,potential solutions to enhance the durability of photothermal materials are also highlighted,such as the rational design of micro/nano-structures,the use of adhesives,the addition of anti-corrosion coatings,and the preparation of self-healing surfaces.The objective of this review is to offer a viable resolution for the logical creation of high-performance photothermal substances,presenting a guide for the forthcoming advancement of solar evaporation technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22005275).
文摘Surface engineering plays a crucial role in improving the performance of high energy materials,and polydopamine(PDA)is widely used in the field of energetic materials for surface modification and functionalization.In order to obtain high-quality HMX@PDA-based PBX explosives with high sphericity and a narrow particle size distribution,composite microspheres were prepared using co-axial droplet microfluidic technology.The formation mechanism,thermal behavior,mechanical sensitivity,electrostatic spark sensitivity,compressive strength,and combustion performance of the microspheres were investigated.The results show that PDA can effectively enhance the interfacial interaction between the explosive particles and the binder under the synergistic effect of chemical bonds and the physical"mechanical interlocking"structure.Interface reinforcement causes the thermal decomposition temperature of the sample microspheres to move to a higher temperature,with the sensitivity to impact,friction,and electrostatic sparks(for S-1)increasing by 12.5%,31.3%,and 81.5%respectively,and the compressive strength also increased by 30.7%,effectively enhancing the safety performance of the microspheres.Therefore,this study provides an effective and universal strategy for preparing high-quality functional explosives,and also provides some reference for the safe use of energetic materials in practical applications.
文摘Revealing the structure evolution of interfacial active species during a dynamic catalytic process is a challenging but pivotal issue for the rational design of high-performance catalysts.Here,we successfully prepare sub-nanometric Pt clusters(~0.8 nm)encapsulated within the defects of CeO_(2)nanorods via an in-situ defect engineering methodology.The as-prepared Pt@d-CeO_(2)catalyst significantly boosts the activity and stability in the water-gas shift(WGS)reaction compared to other analogs.Based on controlled experiments and complementary(in-situ)spectroscopic studies,a reversible encapsulation induced by active site transformation between the Pt^(2+)-terminal hydroxyl and Pt^(δ+)-O vacancy species at the interface is revealed,which enables to evoke the enhanced performance.Our findings not only offer practical guidance for the design of high-efficiency catalysts but also bring a new understanding of the exceptional performance of WGS in a holistic view,which shows a great application potential in materials and catalysis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52302229,62404072)the Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China,Soochow University(KJS2425)+1 种基金Doctoral Foundation of Henan Polytech-nic University(B2024-72)Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.GJJ2400702).
文摘Through strategies such as process optimization,solvent selection,and component tuning,the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled,enabling perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to achieve over 25%power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,as PCE continues to improve,interfacial issues within the devices have emerged as critical bottlenecks,hindering further performance enhancements.Recently,interfacial engineering has driven transformative progress,pushing PCEs to nearly 27%.Building upon these developments,this review first summarizes the pivotal role of interfacial modifications in elevating device performance and then,as a starting point,provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in normal,inverted,and tandem structure devices.Finally,based on the current progress of PSCs,preliminary perspectives on future directions are presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2341254)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52071124),the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20230502)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2022ZB547).
文摘The unique structure and formation mechanism of medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)generally result in bet-ter comprehensive properties than traditional alloys.However,the strength-ductility trade-offremains a bottleneck,which limits their applications.In this study,we designed novel high-performance CrNiCu x MEAs with a heterophase composition by incorporating a Cu-rich phase,and they were fabricated using laser-directed energy deposition(LDED).The results show that synergistic strengthening from multiple phases significantly improved the mechanical properties of the alloys,resulting in a tensile strength of 675 MPa and a ductility of 34.4%,demonstrating an excellent combination of high tensile strength and ductility.The improved mechanical properties of the CrNiCu x medium-entropy alloys are primarily due to the heterophase interfacial strengthening mechanism.In the alloy,numerous semi-coherent and coher-ent interfaces formed between the Cr-rich phase,Cu-rich phase,and the matrix,creating extensive lattice distortions at the interfaces.An increase in the Cu-rich phase content promoted the interaction between phases,enhancing the strain energy of the alloy and the barrier strength of the interfaces.The calcu-latedτint values,ranging from approximately 5.92-6.69 GPa,are significantly higher than those found in traditional alloys,providing a benchmark for designing new high-performance medium-entropy alloys.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20231529 and BK20233001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFA1409100)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.0204-14380233)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12474170 and 123B2059)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant No.BX20240160)。
文摘Interfacial ferroelectricity is a recently established mechanism for generating spontaneous reversible electric polarization,arising from the charge transfer between stacked van der Waals layered atomic crystals.It has been realized in both naturally formed multilayer crystals and moirésuperlattices.Owing to the large number of material choices and combinations,this approach is highly versatile,greatly expanding the scope of ultrathin ferroelectrics.A key advantage of interfacial ferroelectricity is its potential to couple with preexisting properties of the constituent layers,enabling their electrical manipulation through ferroelectric switching and paving the way for advanced device functionalities.This review article summarizes recent experimental progress in interfacial ferroelectricity,with an emphasis on its coupling with a variety of electronic properties.After introducing the underlying mechanism of interfacial ferroelectricity and the range of material systems discovered to date,we highlight selected examples showcasing ferroelectric control of excitonic optical properties,Berry curvature effects,and superconductivity.We also discuss the challenges and opportunities that await further studies in this field.
文摘The highly selective catalytic hydrogenation of halogenated nitroaromatics was achieved by employing Pd‑based catalysts that were co‑modified with organic and inorganic ligands.It was demonstrated that the catalysts contained Pd species in mixed valence states,with high valence Pd at the metal‑support interface and zero valence Pd at the metal surface.While the strong coordination of triphenylphosphine(PPh3)to Pd0 on the Pd surface prevents the adsorption of halogenated nitroaromatics and thus dehalogenation,the coordination of sodium metavanadate(NaVO3)to high‑valence Pd sites at the interface helps to activate H2 in a heterolytic pathway for the selective hydrogenation of nitro‑groups.The excellent catalytic performance of the interfacial active sites enables the selective hydrogenation of a wide range of halogenated nitroaromatics.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1505200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22472140,22021001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720210017 and 20720210009)。
文摘Large-area two-dimensional(2D)materials,such as graphene,MoS_(2),WS_(2),h-BN,black phosphorus,and MXenes,are a class of advanced materials with many possible applications.Different applications need different substrates,and each substrate may need a different way of transferring the 2D material onto it.Problems such as local stress concentrations,an uneven surface tension,inconsistent adhesion,mechanical damage and contamination during the transfer can adversely affect the quality and properties of the transferred material.Therefore,how to improve the integrity,flatness and cleanness of large area 2D materials is a challenge.In order to achieve high-quality transfer,the main concern is to control the interface adhesion between the substrate,the 2D material and the transfer medium.This review focuses on this topic,and finally,in order to promote the industrial use of large area 2D materials,provides a recipe for this transfer process based on the requirements of the application,and points out the current problems and directions for future development.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174272)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,China(No.2021zzts0306)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2020JJ5736).
文摘Tetrasodium iminodisuccinate(IDS)was used as an inhibitor in the separation of sphalerite and pyrite in the EX−Cu(II)(ethyl xanthate and Cu2+)system.The flotation test results demonstrated that IDS can effectively separate sphalerite and pyrite under low alkaline conditions.Furthermore,high-quality zinc concentrates with a Zn grade of 58.48%and a recovery of 91.24%through mixed mineral flotation were obtained.The fundamental mechanisms were investigated through surface wettability tests,adsorption capacity tests,LEIS,FTIR,and XPS.The results confirmed that IDS prevents the adsorption of EX on the surface of pyrite,thereby reducing the response and reactivity of pyrite.The introduction of IDS causes the detachment of Cu2+from the Cu-activated pyrite surface.This process allowed IDS to chelate with the Fe sites on the surface of pyrite through the-COO-and N-centered active groups.By contrast,IDS exhibits weaker adhesion on the surface of Cu-activated sphalerite,making it easily displaced by EX through competitive adsorption.
基金appreciation to National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174317,52274337 and U1960203).
文摘To elucidate the formation mechanisms of burn-on sand and metal penetration during sand casting,some laboratory experiments were carried out at different temperatures(1813,1833,1853,and 1873 K)and holding time(20,40,60,and 90 min)to simulate the interaction between ZG13Cr9Mo1VNbN stainless steel and chromite sand.The results demonstrate that the defects primarily consist of a mixture of the liquid phase,chromite,and metal.The main components of the liquid phase are SiO_(2),MnO,MgO,Cr_(2)O_(3),FeO,and Al_(2)O_(3),and the formation of Cr_(2)O_(3)through interfacial redox reactions has been discovered.The presence of a liquid phase plays a pivotal role in influencing burn-on sand and metal penetration.Interface reactions are prioritized,with burn-on sand maintaining a predominant influence.As the liquid phase quantity within the sand escalates,there is a corresponding incremental rise in the incidence of metal penetration.Even a minimal presence of the silicon element in steel can impact the liquid phase’s formation.Moreover,the decomposition or dissolution of chromite sand is a significant factor in the development of burn-on sand and metal penetration.Thus,a thorough investigation into the conditions and contributing factors of this phenomenon is essential for its effective management and mitigation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22303033)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.JUSRP123017)+1 种基金Wuxi“Taihu Light”Science and Technology Project-Basic Research(No.K20231063)the Research Matching Grant Scheme at CUHK(No.8601309)。
文摘In this study,a pair of dicarboxylic acids as cis-trans isomerism—citraconic acid(CA)and mesaconic acid(MA),was incorporated into polymeric networks of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM)-based core-shell microgels via semi-batch precipitation polymerization.We demonstrated that the pH-temperature dual responsiveness of the core-shell microgels is highly correlated with the structure and position of the acid isomers.Both the cis-trans molecular structure and the crosslinking position of the dicarboxylic acids significantly influenced the hydration capacity and surface charge density of the core-shell microgels.These diverse properties first influenced the swelling behavior,further affecting the interfacial behavior of the microgels,including the oil-water dynamic interfacial tension and air-water compression isotherms.Furthermore,the rheological behavior of the microgel suspensions also displayed distinct dependences on the frequency and temperature,illustrating that the cis-trans molecular structure and crosslinked position of the dicarboxylic acids also significantly influenced the interparticle clustering in the bulk solution.Our results suggest that the pH sensitivity of the cis-trans dicarboxylic acid isomer affects the ionization and surface charge distribution of the core or shell layers of individual microgels,which further determines the interparticle interaction and cooperative rearrangement at interfaces and in the bulk.
基金supported by the National Key Research Program of China under Grant No.2024YFA1408000the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52231007,12327804,T2321003,22088101)+1 种基金in part by the National Key Research Program of China under Grant 2021YFA1200600the support from the U.S.National Science Foundation(CHE 2102482)。
文摘The ability to control the electrode interfaces in an electrochemical energy storage system is essential for achieving the desired electrochemical performance.However,achieving this ability requires an in-depth understanding of the detailed interfacial nanostructures of the electrode under electrochemical operating conditions.In-situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM)is one of the most powerful techniques for revealing electrochemical energy storage mechanisms with high spatiotemporal resolution and high sensitivity in complex electrochemical environments.These attributes play a unique role in understanding how ion transport inside electrode nanomaterials and across interfaces under the dynamic conditions within working batteries.This review aims to gain an in-depth insight into the latest developments of in-situ TEM imaging techniques for probing the interfacial nanostructures of electrochemical energy storage systems,including atomic-scale structural imaging,strain field imaging,electron holography,and integrated differential phase contrast imaging.Significant examples will be described to highlight the fundamental understanding of atomic-scale and nanoscale mechanisms from employing state-of-the-art imaging techniques to visualize structural evolution,ionic valence state changes,and strain mapping,ion transport dynamics.The review concludes by providing a perspective discussion of future directions of the development and application of in-situ TEM techniques in the field of electrochemical energy storage systems.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20232ACB214001)Research Projects of Ganjiang Innovation Academy(No.E355F003)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金the Research fund from Jingxi Province Human Resources and Social Security Department and the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe research fund of Key Laboratory of Rare Earths,Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Lithium metal batteries are the most promising next-generation energy storage technologies due to their high energy density.However,their practical application is impeded by serious interfacial side reactions and uncontrolled dendrite growth of lithium metal anode.Herein,copper 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetate is designed and explored to stabilize lithium metal anode by in-situ constructing a dense and mixed-conductive interfacial protective layer.The formed passivated layer not only significantly inhibits interfacial side reactions by avoiding direct contact between lithium metal anode and electrolyte but also effectively suppresses lithium dendrite growth due to the unique inorganic-rich compositions and mixed-conductive properties.As a result,the copper 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetate-treated lithium metal anodes show greatly improved cycle stability under both high current density and high areal deposition capacity.Notably,the assembled liquid symmetrical cells with copper 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetate-treated lithium metal anodes can stably work for more than 3000,5000,and 4800 h at 1.0 mA cm^(-2)-1.0 mAh cm^(-2),2.0 mA cm^(-2)-5.0 mAh cm^(-2),and10 mA cm^(-2)-5.0 mAh cm^(-2),respectively.Furthermore,the assembled liquid full cell with a high LiFePO4 loading(~16.9 mg cm^(-2))shows a significantly enhanced cycle life of 250 cycles with stable Coulombic efficiencies(>99.1%).Moreover,the assembled all-sol id-state lithium metal battery with a high LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2) loading(~5.0 mg cm^(-2))also exhibits improved cycle stability.These findings underline that the copper 2,4,5-trifluorophenylacetate-treated lithium metal anodes show great promise for high-performance lithium metal batteries.
基金supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2020B0301030006)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation[Grant No.2021B1515120071]+1 种基金R.Shi would like to thank the financial support from the open research fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(2021SLABFK06)start-up funding from Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen).
文摘Magnesium alloys have gained extensive applications across various industries,including aerospace,transportation,and civil construction,owing to their excellent combinations of high specific strength and stiffness[1].However,their lim-ited strength due to the lack of effective strengthening phases has hindered their broader industrial applications[2].Never-theless,it has been challenging to achieve significant strength-ening due to the restricted solubility of alloying elements in magnesium[3].Thus,more and more efforts have been made to explore the concept of secondary phase-reinforced magne-sium alloys[2,4,5],where the secondary phase acts as re-inforcing agents within the magnesium matrix,resembling a composite material.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12172205,12072183,12102244,and 12472174)。
文摘This study proposes a pre-strain optimization strategy for carbon fiber structural lithium-ion battery(SLIB) composites to inhibit the interfacial debonding between carbon fibers and solid-state electrolytes due to fiber lithiation. Through an analytical shear-lag model and finite element simulations, it is demonstrated that applying tensile pre-strain to carbon fibers before electrode assembly effectively reduces the interfacial shear stress, thereby suppressing debonding. However, the excessive pre-strain can induce the interfacial damage in the unlithiated state, necessitating careful control of the pre-strain within a feasible range. This range is influenced by electrode material properties and geometric parameters. Specifically, the electrodes with the higher solid-state electrolyte elastic modulus and larger electrolyte volume fraction exhibit more significant interfacial damage, making pre-strain application increasingly critical. However, these conditions also impose stricter constraints on the feasible pre-strain range. By elucidating the interplay between pre-strain, material properties, and geometric factors, this study provides valuable insights for optimizing the design of carbon fiber SLIBs.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51925102)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1504101)。
文摘In this work,an effective catalyst of Cu/MnOOH has been successfully constructed for electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction(e NO_(3)RR)for synthesis of ammonia(NH_(3))under ambient conditions.The substrate of MnOOH plays an important role on the size and electronic structure of Cu nanoparticles,where Cu has the ultrafine size of 2.2 nm and positive shift of its valence states,which in turn causes the increased number of Cu active sites and enhanced intrinsic activity of every active site.As a result,this catalyst realizes an excellent catalytic performance on eNO_(3)RR with the maximal NH_(3)Faraday efficiency(FE)(96.8%)and the highest yield rate(55.51 mg h^(-1)cm^(-2))at a large NH_(3)partial current density of700 m A/cm^(2),which could help to promote the industrialization of NH_(3)production under ambient conditions.
文摘Following publication of the original article[1],the authors found that they pasted the same data when drawing XRD for sample NCO-1 and NCO-2 in Fig.2a,however,the XRD of all four samples in the manuscript was tested,and XRD raw data were kept and can be offered.The correct Fig.2 has been provided in this Correction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22032003 and 22072073)。
文摘Regulating the freedom and distribution of H_(2)O molecules has become the decisive factor in enlarging the electrochemical stability window(ESW)of aqueous electrolytes.Compared with the water in a bulk electrolyte,H_(2)O molecules at the electrode-electrolyte interface tend to directly split under bias potential.Therefore,the composition and properties of the interfacial microenvironment are the crux for optimizing ESW.Herein,we developed a heterogel electrolyte with wide ESW(4.88 V)and satisfactory ionic conductivity(4.4 mS/cm)inspired by the bicontinuous architecture and surfactant self-assembly behavior in the ionic liquid microemulsion-based template.This electrolyte was capable of expanding the ESW through the dynamic oil/water/electrode interface ternary structure,which enriched the oil phase and assembled the hydrophobic surfactant tails at the interface to prevent H_(2)O molecules from approaching the electrode surface.Moreover,the surfactant Tween 20 and polymer network effectively suppressed the activity of H_(2)O molecules through H-bond interactions,which was beneficial in expanding the operating voltage range and improving the temperature tolerance.The prepared gel electrolyte demonstrated unparalleled adaptability in various aqueous lithium-based energy storage devices.Notably,the lithium-ion capacitor showed an extended operating voltage of 2.2 V and could provide a high power density of 1350.36 W/kg at an energy density of 6 Wh/kg.It maintained normal power output even in the challenging harsh environment,which enabled 11,000 uninterrupted charge-discharge cycles at 0℃.This work focuses on the regulation of the interfacial microdomain and the restriction of the degree of freedom of H_(2)O molecules to boost the ESW of aqueous electrolytes,providing a promising strategy for the advancement of energy storage technologies.
