Carbon superstructures with multiscale hierarchies and functional attributes represent an appealing cathode candidate for zinc hybrid capacitors,but their tailor-made design to optimize the capacitive activity remains...Carbon superstructures with multiscale hierarchies and functional attributes represent an appealing cathode candidate for zinc hybrid capacitors,but their tailor-made design to optimize the capacitive activity remains a confusing topic.Here we develop a hydrogen-bond-oriented interfacial super-assembly strategy to custom-tailor nanosheet-intertwined spherical carbon superstructures(SCSs)for Zn-ion storage with double-high capacitive activity and durability.Tetrachlorobenzoquinone(H-bond acceptor)and dimethylbenzidine(H-bond donator)can interact to form organic nanosheet modules,which are sequentially assembled,orientally compacted and densified into well-orchestrated superstructures through multiple H-bonds(N-H···O).Featured with rich surface-active heterodiatomic motifs,more exposed nanoporous channels,and successive charge migration paths,SCSs cathode promises high accessibility of built-in zincophilic sites and rapid ion diffusion with low energy barriers(3.3Ωs-0.5).Consequently,the assembled Zn||SCSs capacitor harvests all-round improvement in Zn-ion storage metrics,including high energy density(166 Wh kg-1),high-rate performance(172 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)),and long-lasting cycling lifespan(95.5%capacity retention after 500,000 cycles).An opposite chargecarrier storage mechanism is rationalized for SCSs cathode to maximize spatial capacitive charge storage,involving high-kinetics physical Zn^(2+)/CF_(3)SO_(3)-adsorption and chemical Zn^(2+)redox with carbonyl/pyridine groups.This work gives insights into H-bond-guided interfacial superassembly design of superstructural carbons toward advanced energy storage.展开更多
The increasing scarcity of freshwater resources has driven the rapid emergence of solar-driven interfacial evaporators(SDIEs)as a sustainable approach to harvest fresh water by utilizing solar energy.Lignocellulosic b...The increasing scarcity of freshwater resources has driven the rapid emergence of solar-driven interfacial evaporators(SDIEs)as a sustainable approach to harvest fresh water by utilizing solar energy.Lignocellulosic biomass,featuring natural abundance,excellent renewability,unique natural structures,and superior biodegradability compared to the synthetic polymers,is highly attractive for constructing solar steam generators.This review aims to offer an innovative and in-depth insight into designing and optimizing highperformance integrated solar interfacial evaporators derived from renewable lignocellulosic biomass.First,the structural characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass are briefly introduced,serving as photothermal layer or supporting substrates in SDIEs.Secondly,the fabrication methods and processing technologies of lignocellulosic biomass-based evaporators are summarized from the perspective of photothermal layer and supporting substrates.Next,the most recent advances of regulation and optimization strategies are proposed to improve evaporation efficiency.Subsequently,this review summarizes the diverse functionalities of SDIEs,including desalination,power generation,wastewater treatment and antimicrobial,atmospheric water harvesting,and photocatalytic hydrogen production.Finally,the challenges in this field and outlook on the future development are discussed,which are anticipated to provide new opportunities for the advancement of lignocellulosic biomass-based SDIEs.展开更多
Interfacial superconductivity(IS)has been a topic of intense interest in condensed matter physics,due to its unique properties and exotic photoelectrical performance.However,there are few reports about IS systems cons...Interfacial superconductivity(IS)has been a topic of intense interest in condensed matter physics,due to its unique properties and exotic photoelectrical performance.However,there are few reports about IS systems consisting of two insulators.Here,motivated by the emergence of an insulator-metal transition in type-Ⅲ heterostructures and the superconductivity in some“special”two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors via electron doping,we predict that the 2D heterostructure SnSe_(2)/PtTe_(2) is a model system for realizing IS by using firstprinciples calculations.Our results show that due to slight but crucial interlayer charge transfer,SnSe_(2)/PtTe_(2) turns to be a type-Ⅲ heterostructure with metallic properties and shows a superconducting transition with the critical temperature(T_(c))of 3.73 K.Similar to the enhanced electron–phonon coupling(EPC)in the electrondoped SnSe_(2) monolayer,the IS in the SnSe_(2)/PtTe_(2) heterostructure mainly originates from the metallized SnSe_(2) layer.Furthermore,we find that its superconductivity is sensitive to tensile lattice strain,forming a domeshaped superconducting phase diagram.Remarkably,at 7%biaxial tensile strain,the superconducting T_(c) can increase more than twofold(8.80 K),resulting from softened acoustic phonons at the𝑀point and enhanced EPC strength.Our study provides a concrete example for realizing IS in type-Ⅲ heterostructures,which waits for future experimental verification.展开更多
The preparation and functionalization of polymeric capsules attract intense attention due to their application in various areas.Herein we presented an amphiphilic alternating copolymer(ACP)-based microcapsule which is...The preparation and functionalization of polymeric capsules attract intense attention due to their application in various areas.Herein we presented an amphiphilic alternating copolymer(ACP)-based microcapsule which is both robust and readily-functionalized through interfacial click polymerization.A water-in-oil emulsion was constructed to act as the reaction medium,the hydrophilic 1,3-butadiene diepoxide(BDE)in water phase reacted with the oleophilic 1,4-dibutanedithiol(BDT)in oil phase at the water-oil interface to form the amphiphilic ACP named poly(2,3-dihydroxy butylene-alt-butylene dithioether)(abbreviated as P(DHB-a-BDT)below),which would deposite in situ to form the micro-sized capsules.Significantly,the dried capsules are robust enough to be rehydrated once the water was added and almost restored their original morphologies.Further elucidation showed that the Young's modulus of these capsules exceeded 1 GPa.As long as we know,it is the first time for the mechanical properties of the ACP-based microstructures being investigated.Besides,functionalization could be achieved simultaneously with the formation process.As a proof of concept,positive-charged capsules were successfully obtained through click copolymerization.Stemming from the unique characteristics of amphiphilic ACPs which combined both merits of click chemistry and interfacial reactions,all these features of the current method as well as the resultant capsules may promote the application of the polymeric capsules.展开更多
Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)are an effective way to remove emerging contaminants(ECs)from water.The catalytic process involving PMS is hindered by the suboptimal electron trans-fer e...Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)are an effective way to remove emerging contaminants(ECs)from water.The catalytic process involving PMS is hindered by the suboptimal electron trans-fer efficiency of current catalysts,the further application of AOPs technology is limited.Here,it is proposed that the interfacial electric field can be controlled by bor(B)-doped FeNC catalysts,which shows significant advantages in the efficient generation,release and participation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the reaction.The super exchange interaction between Fe sites and N and B sites is realized through the directional transfer of electrons in the interfacial electric field,which ensures the high efficiency and stability of the PMS catalytic process.B doping increases the d orbitals distribution at Fermi level,which facilitates enhanced electron transition activity,thereby promoting the effective generation of (1)^O_(2).At the same time,orbital hybridization causes the center of the d band to move to a lower energy level,which not only contributes to the desorption process of (1)^O_(2),but also accelerates its release.In addition,B-doping also improved the adsorption capacity of organic pollutants and shortened the migration distance of ROS,thereby significantly improving the degradation efficiency of ECs.The B-doping strategy outlined offers a novel approach to the development of FeNC catalysts,it lays a theoretical foundation and offers technical insights for the integration of PMS/AOPs technology in the ECs management.展开更多
Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds.At the solid surfaces,the preferential alignment of water molecules due to the heterogeneous atomic distributions can induce ordered hydrogen bond networks of water molecules wi...Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds.At the solid surfaces,the preferential alignment of water molecules due to the heterogeneous atomic distributions can induce ordered hydrogen bond networks of water molecules with spatially heterogeneous patterns and slower dynamics compared to bulk water.Both the confinement and the surface atomic structures can induce the water phase transitions at low dimensional spaces.Here,we review how the phase transitions of interfacial water affect the surface physical behaviors,such as wetting,ice nucleation and the terahertz-wave-water interactions,from solid materials to the biological surfaces.These works help extend our knowledge of the physics properties of the interfacial water,particularly the multi-phase behaviors in materials and biology sciences.展开更多
Two-step-processed(TSP)inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have demonstrated significant promise in tandem applications.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of TSP p-i-n PSCs rarely exceeds 24%.Here,we d...Two-step-processed(TSP)inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have demonstrated significant promise in tandem applications.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of TSP p-i-n PSCs rarely exceeds 24%.Here,we demonstrate that TSP perovskite films exhibit a vertically gradient distribution of residual PbI_(2)clusters,which form Schottky heterojunctions with the perovskite,leading to substantial interfacial energy-level mismatches within NiO_(x)-based TSP p-i-n PSCs.These limitations were effectively addressed via a vertical interfacial engineering enabled by dual-interface modification incorporating tin trifluoromethanesulfonate(Sn(OTF)_(2))and 4-Fluorophenylethylamine chloride(F-PEA)at the NiO_(x)/perovskite and perovskite/C60 interfaces,respectively.The functional Sn(OTF)_(2)not only enhances the conductivity of NiO_(x)films but also suppresses ion migration,while inducing the formation of a Pb-Sn mixed perovskite interlayer that precisely regulates the energy level at the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface.Complementally,F-PEA post-treatment effectively converts surface residual PbI_(2)clusters into a 2D perovskite capping layer,which simultaneously passivates surface defects and enhances energy-level alignment at the perovskite/C60 interface.Consequently,the optimized NiO_(x)-based TSP p-i-n PSCs achieve a notable PCE of 25.6%with superior operational stability.This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms limiting the efficiency of TSP p-i-n PSCs,while establishing design principles for these devices targeting 26%efficiency.展开更多
The operational temperature rise of photovoltaic(PV)panels reduces their power generation efficiency and shortens their lifespan.Hygroscopic hydrogel-based evaporative cooling technology provides a promising solution ...The operational temperature rise of photovoltaic(PV)panels reduces their power generation efficiency and shortens their lifespan.Hygroscopic hydrogel-based evaporative cooling technology provides a promising solution for PV cooling due to high-enthalpy water evaporation.However,current hydrogels remain plagued by cooling interface mismatch and environmental concerns,which limit their practical implementation.Herein,a“green”and self-adhesive hygroscopic hydrogel consisting only of cheap lotus root powder and LiCl is designed,which can form robust interfacial adhesion with PV panels for efficient and durable cooling.Leveraging its compelling hygroscopicity,the hydrogel is able to rapidly capture moisture to recover cooling capacity,thus achieving self-sustained cooling.Besides,the“salting-in”effect brought by LiCl endows the hydrogel with notable softness and self-adhesiveness,which enables it to tightly combine with PV panels to optimize heat conduction and improve cooling efficiency.As a result,under 1.0 kW m^(-2)illumination,a PV temperature drop of 18.2℃ and a cooling power of 358 W m^(-2)were delivered by attaching the hydrogel to the rear of the PV panel,accompanied by a 7.7%improvement in energy efficiency.Overall,this self-sustained passive cooling strategy,activated by the all-natural hydrogel,sheds light on the development of PV thermal management.展开更多
Interfacial engineering is crucial for developing high-performance Ni-rich layered cathodes for lithiumion batteries.Here,we introduce an interfacial precipitation(IP)strategy,guided by first-principles calculations,t...Interfacial engineering is crucial for developing high-performance Ni-rich layered cathodes for lithiumion batteries.Here,we introduce an interfacial precipitation(IP)strategy,guided by first-principles calculations,to create a functionally graded cathode during precursor synthesis.Based on thermodynamic principles of bulk insolubility and phase separation kinetics,we achieved the selective precipitation of Co onto the surface of a Ni-rich hydroxide precursor.Upon high-temperature lithiation,this engineered precursor spontaneously forms a unique,bifunctional Co-rich spinel-like layer on the final LiNi_(0.88)Co_(0.06)Mn_(0.06)O_(2)(NCM)cathode.This architecture suppresses detrimental Li/Ni cation mixing and protects the active material.Consequently,the IP-driven NCM cathode demonstrates vastly superior rate capability,delivering 140.8 m A h g^(-1)at 5C,compared to 112.9 mA h g^(-1)for its conventionally prepared counterpart.This enhancement is attributed to significantly lower charge-transfer resistance and faster kinetics.Remarkably,in a full-cell configuration,the IP-driven NCM cathode maintains 81.5%capacity after 1000 cycles at an aggressive 5C rate.This work presents a thermodynamically driven,scalable strategy for designing advanced cathodes with exceptional high-power performance and stability.展开更多
Triclosan(TCS) poses harmful risks to ecosystems and human health owing to its endocrine-disrupting effects.Therefore,developing an efficient and sustainable technology to degrade TCS is urgently needed.Herein,cobalt ...Triclosan(TCS) poses harmful risks to ecosystems and human health owing to its endocrine-disrupting effects.Therefore,developing an efficient and sustainable technology to degrade TCS is urgently needed.Herein,cobalt oxyhydroxide @covalent organic frameworks(CoOOH@COFs) S-scheme heterojunction was synthesized,which combined the visible-light-driven photocatalysis and peroxymonosulfate(PMS) activation to synergistically generate abundant reactive oxygen species(ROSs) for TCS degradation.The degradation efficiency of TCS reached 100 % within 8 min in the Vis-CoOOH@COFs/PMS system,and the reaction rate constant was 0.456 min^(-1),which was nearly 1.90 and 2.85 times that of single Co OOH and COFs,and2.36 times that under dark condition,respectively.The density functional theory(DFT) calculations confirmed the energy band bending of CoOOH@COFs and S-scheme charge transport from COFs to Co OOH.Both experimental and theoretical analyses indicated that Co OOH@COFs in photocatalytic-PMS activation systems synergistically facilitated photo-generated carrier separation,enhanced interfacial electron transfer,accelerated PMS activation,and generated multiple ROSs.In particular,photogenerated electrons(e^(-))accelerated the Co(Ⅲ)/Co(Ⅱ) redox cycle,while the PMS captured the e-,which significantly decreased the charge combination of Co OOH@COFs.Radicals(O_(2)^(·-),^(·)OH,and SO_(4)^(·-)) and non-radicals(such as ^(1)O_(2),h^(+),and e^(-)) were both presented in the Vis-CoOOH@COFs/PMS system,with O_(2)^(-) playing a dominant role in TCS degradation.Furthermore,the pathway of TCS degradation and toxicity of intermediates were explored by DFT calculation and transformation product identification.Importantly,the environmentally friendly CoOOH@COFs S-scheme heterojunction exhibited excellent stability and reusability.In conclusion,this study innovatively designed an S-scheme heterojunction in the photocatalytic-PMS activation system,providing guidance and theoretical support for efficient and eco-friendly wastewater treatment.展开更多
In coal mining on a high-pressure Ordovician limestone aquifer,grouting materials should have sufficient mechanical properties,particularly strong interfacial bonding performance to address stress concentration at the...In coal mining on a high-pressure Ordovician limestone aquifer,grouting materials should have sufficient mechanical properties,particularly strong interfacial bonding performance to address stress concentration at the grout-limestone interface induced by rock stress disturbances during mining.In this study,graphene oxide(GO)was integrated into cement-polyacrylate composite grout to improve its interfacial bonding.First,four-point bending tests were conducted,and the Monte Carlo method combined with the simplex search algorithm was employed to determine the variations in shear cohesion and static friction parameters.The results reveal that GO can significantly increase both the tensile and shear cohesion of the grout-limestone interface,but minimally affects the interfacial friction coefficient.Second,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)tests were performed.The results indicate that GO nanosheets result in a squamaceous microstructure of the grout consolidation mass,increasing the adhesion of the grout-limestone interface.Moreover,spiny Aft(ettringite)clusters can be induced in limestone fracture surfaces by GO,which could serve as anchors for limestone and grout consolidation mass.展开更多
Low reactivity and appropriate wettability between molten superalloys and ceramic materials are crucial for the production of high-quality superalloy castings.The sessile-drop experiment was employed to systematically...Low reactivity and appropriate wettability between molten superalloys and ceramic materials are crucial for the production of high-quality superalloy castings.The sessile-drop experiment was employed to systematically investigate the interfacial reaction and wettability between the 4777DS1 superalloy and SiO_(2)-based ceramic core at various temperatures(1,480℃,1,500℃,1,520℃,and 1,550℃).The wetting behavior and interfacial reaction products at different temperatures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The interfacial reaction process and products were discussed,and the thermodynamic behavior and interfacial reaction mechanisms were elucidated.The results demonstrate that the wetting behavior and interfacial reaction between the 4777DS1 alloy and the ceramic core are significantly influenced by temperature.The wettability angle exhibits a trend of initial decrease followed by an increase with rising temperature,reaching a maximum of 139°at 1,480℃,indicating poorer wettability of the 4777DS1 superalloy with the ceramic core and better casting properties at this specific temperature.The most intense interfacial reaction occurs at 1,520℃,resulting in the formation of the main interfacial reaction products such as Al_(2)O_(3),SiO_(2),and HfO_(2).Additionally,some crystal-like products rich in Si and Hf distribute on the reaction layer.展开更多
To develop specific lining materials for rare earth steel nozzles,LaAlO_(3)powder was first synthesized by high-temperature solid-phase synthesis at 1400℃for 3 h using La_(2)O_(3)and Al_(2)O_(3)powders as raw materia...To develop specific lining materials for rare earth steel nozzles,LaAlO_(3)powder was first synthesized by high-temperature solid-phase synthesis at 1400℃for 3 h using La_(2)O_(3)and Al_(2)O_(3)powders as raw materials.Then BN,AlN,Si_(3)N_(4)and TiN powders were pressed intoφ30 mm×7 mm substrate samples under 120 MPa with PVA as the binder.Equal amounts of La_(2)O_(3)and LaAlO_(3)powders were placed on their surfaces,reacting at 1550℃for 3 h in different atmospheres(reducing and argon conditions).The interfacial reactions of the four nitride(BN,Si_(3)N_(4),AlN,and TiN)substrate samples with La_(2)O_(3)and LaAlO_(3)in different atmospheres were studied,respectively.The results show that in reducing and argon atmospheres,the intensity order of the reactions between the four nitrides and La_(2)O_(3)is Si_(3)N_(4)>BN>AlN>TiN.In the reducing atmosphere,the reaction intensity order of the four nitrides with LaAlO_(3)is Si_(3)N_(4)>AlN≈TiN>BN.However,in the argon atmosphere,the order is Si_(3)N_(4)>BN>AlN≈TiN.TiN has good structural stability in both reducing and argon atmospheres,and shows weak reactivity with La_(2)O_(3)and LaAlO_(3).It is a relatively good anti-clogging lining material for rare earth steel nozzles.展开更多
Understanding the intricate interplay between electrode reactivity and interfacial chemistry is crucial for advancing halide perovskite memristors toward practical applications.Here,we systematically investigate how t...Understanding the intricate interplay between electrode reactivity and interfacial chemistry is crucial for advancing halide perovskite memristors toward practical applications.Here,we systematically investigate how top electrode materials(Au,Ag,Cu,Al)influence the resistive switching behavior of quasi-2D CsPbBr_(3) devices through controlled interfacial engineering.By introducing a novel bilayer electrode architecture,we successfully decouple electrode surface oxidation effects from perovskite/electrode interfacial oxidation reactions for the first time.In situ XRD,photoluminescence spectroscopy,and interfacial XPS analysis reveal that voltage-driven bromide ion migration coupled with electrode-dependent reactions governs the switching mechanisms.Chemically inert Au electrodes show no switching due to insufficient interfacial reactivity,while highly reactive Al electrodes cause irreversible degradation through excessive chemical interactions.In contrast,moderately active Ag and Cu electrodes enable stable bipolar switching with dual negative differential resistance characteristics.The optimal performance emerges from balanced electrode reactivity that facilitates reversible interfacial redox reactions without structural degradation.These findings establish fundamental design principles linking electrode chemical activity to device functionality,providing a rational framework for engineering robust perovskite memristors with enhanced stability and performance for next-generation memory and neuromorphic computing applications.展开更多
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP)is an eco-friendly technology for soil improvement.Although numerous experiments have been conducted to solidify sand foundations using MICP,the mechanisms by w...Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP)is an eco-friendly technology for soil improvement.Although numerous experiments have been conducted to solidify sand foundations using MICP,the mechanisms by which grain interfacial morphologies influencethe MICP process remain unclear.This study utilized 3D-printed flowcells with different boundary morphologies to investigate the effects of interfacial morphologies on the MICP process.CaCO_(3)precipitation characteristics were investigated through microscopic observation and image quantificationanalysis.The results indicate that low flowvelocities near the interface promote bacterial accumulation due to reduced hydrodynamic shear forces.Rough interfaces,compared to smooth ones,enhance bacterial adsorption owing to the larger regions of low flowvelocity,increased surface area,and the formation of local eddies,which promote greater CaCO_(3)precipitation.Compared to the regions away from the interface,a higher abundance of small CaCO_(3)crystals is observed near the interface because of the high urease activity from bacteria and the reduced shear-induced entrainment due to the low flowvelocity.Besides,larger crystals also preferentially precipitate in proximity to interfaces as the low flowvelocity enhances crystal growth according to the particle attachment theory.The presence of rough interfaces further reduces flowvelocities,leading to the precipitation of larger and more densely packed CaCO_(3)crystals.Therefore,rough interfaces promote the microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation.This work is expected to enhance the understanding of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation characteristics on solid surfaces such as soil grains and contribute to the optimization of MICP applications.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)offer a safe,cost-effective,and high-capacity energy storage solution,yet their performance is hindered by interfacial challenges at the Zn anode,including hydrogen evolution,corrosion...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)offer a safe,cost-effective,and high-capacity energy storage solution,yet their performance is hindered by interfacial challenges at the Zn anode,including hydrogen evolution,corrosion,and dendritic Zn growth.While most studies focus on regulating Zn~(2+)solvation structures in bulk electrolytes,the evolution of interfacial solvation—where Zn~(2+)undergoes desolvation and deposition—remains insufficiently explored.Here,we introduce sulfated nanocellulose(SNC),an anion-rich biopolymer,to tailor the interfacial solvation structure without altering the bulk electrolyte composition.Using in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence interface-extended X-ray absorption fine structure,we reveal that SNC facilitates the formation of a low-coordinated Zn~(2+)solvation shell at the interface by weakening H_(2)O coordination.This transformation is driven by electrostatic interactions between Zn~(2+)and anchored sulfate groups,thereby reducing water activity,improving interfacial stability during charge/discharge,and suppressing parasitic reactions.Consequently,a high average coulombic efficiency of 99.6%over 500 cycles in Zn|Ti asymmetric cells and 1.5 Ah pouch cells(13.4 mg cm^(-2)loading,remained stable over 250 cycles)were achieved in SNC-induced AZIBs.This work underscores the importance of interfacial solvation structure engineering—beyond traditional bulk electrolyte design—in enabling practical,high-performance AZIBs.展开更多
The current technical standards primarily relied on experience to judge the interfacial bonding properties between the self-compacting concrete filling layer and the steam-cured concrete precast slab in CRTS Ⅲ slab b...The current technical standards primarily relied on experience to judge the interfacial bonding properties between the self-compacting concrete filling layer and the steam-cured concrete precast slab in CRTS Ⅲ slab ballastless track structure.This study sought to enhance technical standards for evaluating interfacial bonding properties by suggesting the use of the splitting tensile strength to evaluate the impact of bubble defects.Specimens were fabricated through on-site experiment.The percent of each area of 6 cm^(2)or more bubble defect was 0 in most of specimens.When the cumulative area of all bub-ble defects reached 12%,the splitting tensile strength value was 0.67 MPa,which exceeded the minimum required value of 0.5 MPa for ensuring bonding interface adhesion.Furthermore,when the cumulative area of all bubble defects reached 8%,the splitting tensile strength value was 0.85 MPa,which exceeded the minimum required value of 0.8 MPa,thereby over-coming the negative impact of each area of 10 cm^(2) or more bubble defect.Additionally,keeping the cumulative area of each area of 6 cm^(2) or more bubble defect below 6%ensured adequate bonding strength and reduced the occurrence of specimens with lower splitting tensile strength values.展开更多
The enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA)is critical for the continuous growth of magnetic memory density.Material systems that possess high interfacial PMA typically involve strong spin-orbit coupling...The enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA)is critical for the continuous growth of magnetic memory density.Material systems that possess high interfacial PMA typically involve strong spin-orbit coupling(SOC)or transition metal/oxide interfaces.In contrast,the role of 3d light metals in enhancing the interfacial PMA has been less investigated.This study demonstrated that the insertion of a few atomic Cr layers into Pt/Co/Pt/Ta heterostructures with Cr between the 1 atomic Pt layer and the 3 nm Ta overlayer enhanced the effective PMA energy(K_(eff))by a factor of 4.First-principles calculations revealed that the underlying mechanism originated from Cr-Pt d-orbital hybridization,leading to a corresponding orbital redistribution and significantly increasing the magnetic anisotropy energy.The progressive reduction in the spin-orbit torque(SOT)efficiency with increasing Cr thickness might stem from the enhanced orbital Rashba–Edelstein effect at the Pt/Cr interface.Furthermore,the wedging of a few atomic Cr layers caused the robust field-free SOT switching of perpendicular magnetization,which was due to the lateral PMA gradients enabled by the strong dependence of the PMA on the Cr thickness.The results provide a method for interfacial PMA enhancement by d-orbital hybridization of 3d–5d electrons and an alternative to field-free SOT switching towards low-power and high-density memory applications.展开更多
To inhibit the interfacial(displacement)reaction between Hf and Al elements in the DZ125 superalloy and the Al_(2)O_(3) and SiO_(2) in the Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic shell,rare-earth oxides(La_(2)O_(3) and Y_(2)O_(3))w...To inhibit the interfacial(displacement)reaction between Hf and Al elements in the DZ125 superalloy and the Al_(2)O_(3) and SiO_(2) in the Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic shell,rare-earth oxides(La_(2)O_(3) and Y_(2)O_(3))were used as dopants into the shell.The effects of dopant types and contents(2 wt%,5 wt%and 8 wt%)on the wettability and interfacial reaction were investigated using the sessile-drop experiment,and the reaction products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),a scanning electron microscope(SEM),an electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),to clarify the mechanism of dopants in the interracial reaction.The results show that increasing the Y_(2)O_(3) doping content(2 wt%-8 wt%)reduces the surface porosity from 22.39%to 13.43%,and decreases the surface roughness from 3.25 to 2.28μm,which enhances the packing density of the shell surface.In the sintering process(1223 K,2 h),both La_(2)O_(3) and Y_(2)O_(3) dopants react with SiO_(2),forming La_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) and Y_(2)SiO_(5) on the shell surface.During the interfacial reaction process(1823 K,40 min),La_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) decomposes and reacts with Al_(2)O_(3) and HfO_(2),resulting in the formation of SiO_(2)·HfO_(2)·La_(2)O_(3) and Al_(2)O_(3)·HfO_(2)·La_(2)O_(3) ternary composite oxides within the reaction products.At 8 wt%La_(2)O_(3) dopant content,the interfacial reaction is exacerbated,resulting in the uneven wettability.Y_(2)SiO_(5) further reacts with Al_(2)O_(3) and SiO_(2) to form SiO_(2)·Al_(2)O_(3)·Y_(2)O_(3) ternary composite oxides,while Y_(2)O_(3) combines with Al_(2)O_(3) to form Al_(5)Y_(3)O_(12)(VAG),which stabilizes the oxides within the shell and inhibits the interfacial reaction,and significantly improves the surface quality of the DZ125 superalloy.As the Y_(2)O_(3) dopant content increases(2 wt%-8 wt%),the wetting angle increases from 97.8°to 110.6°.展开更多
Supercapacitors are indispensable for next-generation energy storage,achieving high energy density and long-term durability remains a formidable challenge.Conventional CoS suffers from poor conductivity,while Ti_(3)C_...Supercapacitors are indispensable for next-generation energy storage,achieving high energy density and long-term durability remains a formidable challenge.Conventional CoS suffers from poor conductivity,while Ti_(3)C_(2)faces severe restacking.Herein,we report a novel synthesis strategy that integrates metal-organic framework(MOF)growth with electrostatic self-assembly to construct heterojunction of CoS nanotubes coated with ultrathin Ti_(3)C_(2)nanofilms.Material characterization via SEM,TEM,XRD,and XPS systematically confirms the heterostructure formation,and chemical composition.This rational design synergistically leverages CoS high pseudocapacitance and Ti_(3)C_(2)metallic conductivity while the heterostructure mitigates restacking,enhances charge transfer,and stabilizes interfacial interactions.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal strengthened OH-adsorption at the Co-Ti interface(E_(ad)=1.106 eV).Consequently,the CoS/Ti_(3)C_(2)@CC delivers a remarkable specific capacitance of 1034.21 F g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1).Assembled into a supercapacitor,CoS/Ti_(3)C_(2)@CC//AC achieves a high energy density of 74.22 Wh kg^(-1) at 800 W kg^(-1),maintaining 89.13%initial capacitance after 10,000 cycles.Significantly,it exhibits a remarkably low leakage current(0.23μA)and ultra-prolonged voltage retention(47.14%after 120 h),underscoring exceptional durability.This work pioneers a rational heterostructure engineering strategy by integrating MOF-derived architectures with conductive MXene nanofilms,offering critical insights for the development of ultra-durable supercapacitors.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22272118,22172111,and 22309134)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(Nos.22ZR1464100,20ZR1460300,and 19DZ2271500)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712402),the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(23YF1449200)the Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Project(2022C01182)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023-3-YB-07)。
文摘Carbon superstructures with multiscale hierarchies and functional attributes represent an appealing cathode candidate for zinc hybrid capacitors,but their tailor-made design to optimize the capacitive activity remains a confusing topic.Here we develop a hydrogen-bond-oriented interfacial super-assembly strategy to custom-tailor nanosheet-intertwined spherical carbon superstructures(SCSs)for Zn-ion storage with double-high capacitive activity and durability.Tetrachlorobenzoquinone(H-bond acceptor)and dimethylbenzidine(H-bond donator)can interact to form organic nanosheet modules,which are sequentially assembled,orientally compacted and densified into well-orchestrated superstructures through multiple H-bonds(N-H···O).Featured with rich surface-active heterodiatomic motifs,more exposed nanoporous channels,and successive charge migration paths,SCSs cathode promises high accessibility of built-in zincophilic sites and rapid ion diffusion with low energy barriers(3.3Ωs-0.5).Consequently,the assembled Zn||SCSs capacitor harvests all-round improvement in Zn-ion storage metrics,including high energy density(166 Wh kg-1),high-rate performance(172 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)),and long-lasting cycling lifespan(95.5%capacity retention after 500,000 cycles).An opposite chargecarrier storage mechanism is rationalized for SCSs cathode to maximize spatial capacitive charge storage,involving high-kinetics physical Zn^(2+)/CF_(3)SO_(3)-adsorption and chemical Zn^(2+)redox with carbonyl/pyridine groups.This work gives insights into H-bond-guided interfacial superassembly design of superstructural carbons toward advanced energy storage.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(224708046,22508229,22278049)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001)+1 种基金Xingliao Talent Program-Young Top Talent(XLYC2403126)Liaoning Provincial Basic Scientific Research Project for Higher Education(LJ212510152013)。
文摘The increasing scarcity of freshwater resources has driven the rapid emergence of solar-driven interfacial evaporators(SDIEs)as a sustainable approach to harvest fresh water by utilizing solar energy.Lignocellulosic biomass,featuring natural abundance,excellent renewability,unique natural structures,and superior biodegradability compared to the synthetic polymers,is highly attractive for constructing solar steam generators.This review aims to offer an innovative and in-depth insight into designing and optimizing highperformance integrated solar interfacial evaporators derived from renewable lignocellulosic biomass.First,the structural characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass are briefly introduced,serving as photothermal layer or supporting substrates in SDIEs.Secondly,the fabrication methods and processing technologies of lignocellulosic biomass-based evaporators are summarized from the perspective of photothermal layer and supporting substrates.Next,the most recent advances of regulation and optimization strategies are proposed to improve evaporation efficiency.Subsequently,this review summarizes the diverse functionalities of SDIEs,including desalination,power generation,wastewater treatment and antimicrobial,atmospheric water harvesting,and photocatalytic hydrogen production.Finally,the challenges in this field and outlook on the future development are discussed,which are anticipated to provide new opportunities for the advancement of lignocellulosic biomass-based SDIEs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos.2022YFA1403103 and 2019YFA0308603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12304167)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.ZR2023QA020)。
文摘Interfacial superconductivity(IS)has been a topic of intense interest in condensed matter physics,due to its unique properties and exotic photoelectrical performance.However,there are few reports about IS systems consisting of two insulators.Here,motivated by the emergence of an insulator-metal transition in type-Ⅲ heterostructures and the superconductivity in some“special”two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors via electron doping,we predict that the 2D heterostructure SnSe_(2)/PtTe_(2) is a model system for realizing IS by using firstprinciples calculations.Our results show that due to slight but crucial interlayer charge transfer,SnSe_(2)/PtTe_(2) turns to be a type-Ⅲ heterostructure with metallic properties and shows a superconducting transition with the critical temperature(T_(c))of 3.73 K.Similar to the enhanced electron–phonon coupling(EPC)in the electrondoped SnSe_(2) monolayer,the IS in the SnSe_(2)/PtTe_(2) heterostructure mainly originates from the metallized SnSe_(2) layer.Furthermore,we find that its superconductivity is sensitive to tensile lattice strain,forming a domeshaped superconducting phase diagram.Remarkably,at 7%biaxial tensile strain,the superconducting T_(c) can increase more than twofold(8.80 K),resulting from softened acoustic phonons at the𝑀point and enhanced EPC strength.Our study provides a concrete example for realizing IS in type-Ⅲ heterostructures,which waits for future experimental verification.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.24D110627)。
文摘The preparation and functionalization of polymeric capsules attract intense attention due to their application in various areas.Herein we presented an amphiphilic alternating copolymer(ACP)-based microcapsule which is both robust and readily-functionalized through interfacial click polymerization.A water-in-oil emulsion was constructed to act as the reaction medium,the hydrophilic 1,3-butadiene diepoxide(BDE)in water phase reacted with the oleophilic 1,4-dibutanedithiol(BDT)in oil phase at the water-oil interface to form the amphiphilic ACP named poly(2,3-dihydroxy butylene-alt-butylene dithioether)(abbreviated as P(DHB-a-BDT)below),which would deposite in situ to form the micro-sized capsules.Significantly,the dried capsules are robust enough to be rehydrated once the water was added and almost restored their original morphologies.Further elucidation showed that the Young's modulus of these capsules exceeded 1 GPa.As long as we know,it is the first time for the mechanical properties of the ACP-based microstructures being investigated.Besides,functionalization could be achieved simultaneously with the formation process.As a proof of concept,positive-charged capsules were successfully obtained through click copolymerization.Stemming from the unique characteristics of amphiphilic ACPs which combined both merits of click chemistry and interfacial reactions,all these features of the current method as well as the resultant capsules may promote the application of the polymeric capsules.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278156)the Guangdong Special Support Program Project(No.2021JC060580)+1 种基金the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST-Doctoral Student Special Plan,the China Scholarship Council Program(No.202406150148)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515011186).
文摘Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)are an effective way to remove emerging contaminants(ECs)from water.The catalytic process involving PMS is hindered by the suboptimal electron trans-fer efficiency of current catalysts,the further application of AOPs technology is limited.Here,it is proposed that the interfacial electric field can be controlled by bor(B)-doped FeNC catalysts,which shows significant advantages in the efficient generation,release and participation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the reaction.The super exchange interaction between Fe sites and N and B sites is realized through the directional transfer of electrons in the interfacial electric field,which ensures the high efficiency and stability of the PMS catalytic process.B doping increases the d orbitals distribution at Fermi level,which facilitates enhanced electron transition activity,thereby promoting the effective generation of (1)^O_(2).At the same time,orbital hybridization causes the center of the d band to move to a lower energy level,which not only contributes to the desorption process of (1)^O_(2),but also accelerates its release.In addition,B-doping also improved the adsorption capacity of organic pollutants and shortened the migration distance of ROS,thereby significantly improving the degradation efficiency of ECs.The B-doping strategy outlined offers a novel approach to the development of FeNC catalysts,it lays a theoretical foundation and offers technical insights for the integration of PMS/AOPs technology in the ECs management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22576126,12074394,12022508).
文摘Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds.At the solid surfaces,the preferential alignment of water molecules due to the heterogeneous atomic distributions can induce ordered hydrogen bond networks of water molecules with spatially heterogeneous patterns and slower dynamics compared to bulk water.Both the confinement and the surface atomic structures can induce the water phase transitions at low dimensional spaces.Here,we review how the phase transitions of interfacial water affect the surface physical behaviors,such as wetting,ice nucleation and the terahertz-wave-water interactions,from solid materials to the biological surfaces.These works help extend our knowledge of the physics properties of the interfacial water,particularly the multi-phase behaviors in materials and biology sciences.
基金financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (62504130)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB0704100)+3 种基金the Key university laboratory of highly efficient utilization of solar energy and sustainable development of Guangdong (Y01256331)the Technology Development Project of Henan Province (252102240047)the Pico Center at SUSTech CRF which receives support from the Presidential FundDevelopment and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality
文摘Two-step-processed(TSP)inverted p-i-n perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have demonstrated significant promise in tandem applications.However,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of TSP p-i-n PSCs rarely exceeds 24%.Here,we demonstrate that TSP perovskite films exhibit a vertically gradient distribution of residual PbI_(2)clusters,which form Schottky heterojunctions with the perovskite,leading to substantial interfacial energy-level mismatches within NiO_(x)-based TSP p-i-n PSCs.These limitations were effectively addressed via a vertical interfacial engineering enabled by dual-interface modification incorporating tin trifluoromethanesulfonate(Sn(OTF)_(2))and 4-Fluorophenylethylamine chloride(F-PEA)at the NiO_(x)/perovskite and perovskite/C60 interfaces,respectively.The functional Sn(OTF)_(2)not only enhances the conductivity of NiO_(x)films but also suppresses ion migration,while inducing the formation of a Pb-Sn mixed perovskite interlayer that precisely regulates the energy level at the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface.Complementally,F-PEA post-treatment effectively converts surface residual PbI_(2)clusters into a 2D perovskite capping layer,which simultaneously passivates surface defects and enhances energy-level alignment at the perovskite/C60 interface.Consequently,the optimized NiO_(x)-based TSP p-i-n PSCs achieve a notable PCE of 25.6%with superior operational stability.This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms limiting the efficiency of TSP p-i-n PSCs,while establishing design principles for these devices targeting 26%efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52473033)。
文摘The operational temperature rise of photovoltaic(PV)panels reduces their power generation efficiency and shortens their lifespan.Hygroscopic hydrogel-based evaporative cooling technology provides a promising solution for PV cooling due to high-enthalpy water evaporation.However,current hydrogels remain plagued by cooling interface mismatch and environmental concerns,which limit their practical implementation.Herein,a“green”and self-adhesive hygroscopic hydrogel consisting only of cheap lotus root powder and LiCl is designed,which can form robust interfacial adhesion with PV panels for efficient and durable cooling.Leveraging its compelling hygroscopicity,the hydrogel is able to rapidly capture moisture to recover cooling capacity,thus achieving self-sustained cooling.Besides,the“salting-in”effect brought by LiCl endows the hydrogel with notable softness and self-adhesiveness,which enables it to tightly combine with PV panels to optimize heat conduction and improve cooling efficiency.As a result,under 1.0 kW m^(-2)illumination,a PV temperature drop of 18.2℃ and a cooling power of 358 W m^(-2)were delivered by attaching the hydrogel to the rear of the PV panel,accompanied by a 7.7%improvement in energy efficiency.Overall,this self-sustained passive cooling strategy,activated by the all-natural hydrogel,sheds light on the development of PV thermal management.
基金supported by grants from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(RS-2024-00407116)+1 种基金by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2018R1A6A1A03024231)support from the NRF grant funded by the MSIT(RS-2024-00406724)。
文摘Interfacial engineering is crucial for developing high-performance Ni-rich layered cathodes for lithiumion batteries.Here,we introduce an interfacial precipitation(IP)strategy,guided by first-principles calculations,to create a functionally graded cathode during precursor synthesis.Based on thermodynamic principles of bulk insolubility and phase separation kinetics,we achieved the selective precipitation of Co onto the surface of a Ni-rich hydroxide precursor.Upon high-temperature lithiation,this engineered precursor spontaneously forms a unique,bifunctional Co-rich spinel-like layer on the final LiNi_(0.88)Co_(0.06)Mn_(0.06)O_(2)(NCM)cathode.This architecture suppresses detrimental Li/Ni cation mixing and protects the active material.Consequently,the IP-driven NCM cathode demonstrates vastly superior rate capability,delivering 140.8 m A h g^(-1)at 5C,compared to 112.9 mA h g^(-1)for its conventionally prepared counterpart.This enhancement is attributed to significantly lower charge-transfer resistance and faster kinetics.Remarkably,in a full-cell configuration,the IP-driven NCM cathode maintains 81.5%capacity after 1000 cycles at an aggressive 5C rate.This work presents a thermodynamically driven,scalable strategy for designing advanced cathodes with exceptional high-power performance and stability.
文摘Triclosan(TCS) poses harmful risks to ecosystems and human health owing to its endocrine-disrupting effects.Therefore,developing an efficient and sustainable technology to degrade TCS is urgently needed.Herein,cobalt oxyhydroxide @covalent organic frameworks(CoOOH@COFs) S-scheme heterojunction was synthesized,which combined the visible-light-driven photocatalysis and peroxymonosulfate(PMS) activation to synergistically generate abundant reactive oxygen species(ROSs) for TCS degradation.The degradation efficiency of TCS reached 100 % within 8 min in the Vis-CoOOH@COFs/PMS system,and the reaction rate constant was 0.456 min^(-1),which was nearly 1.90 and 2.85 times that of single Co OOH and COFs,and2.36 times that under dark condition,respectively.The density functional theory(DFT) calculations confirmed the energy band bending of CoOOH@COFs and S-scheme charge transport from COFs to Co OOH.Both experimental and theoretical analyses indicated that Co OOH@COFs in photocatalytic-PMS activation systems synergistically facilitated photo-generated carrier separation,enhanced interfacial electron transfer,accelerated PMS activation,and generated multiple ROSs.In particular,photogenerated electrons(e^(-))accelerated the Co(Ⅲ)/Co(Ⅱ) redox cycle,while the PMS captured the e-,which significantly decreased the charge combination of Co OOH@COFs.Radicals(O_(2)^(·-),^(·)OH,and SO_(4)^(·-)) and non-radicals(such as ^(1)O_(2),h^(+),and e^(-)) were both presented in the Vis-CoOOH@COFs/PMS system,with O_(2)^(-) playing a dominant role in TCS degradation.Furthermore,the pathway of TCS degradation and toxicity of intermediates were explored by DFT calculation and transformation product identification.Importantly,the environmentally friendly CoOOH@COFs S-scheme heterojunction exhibited excellent stability and reusability.In conclusion,this study innovatively designed an S-scheme heterojunction in the photocatalytic-PMS activation system,providing guidance and theoretical support for efficient and eco-friendly wastewater treatment.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.U25A20810 and 2024YFF0508201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12302504).
文摘In coal mining on a high-pressure Ordovician limestone aquifer,grouting materials should have sufficient mechanical properties,particularly strong interfacial bonding performance to address stress concentration at the grout-limestone interface induced by rock stress disturbances during mining.In this study,graphene oxide(GO)was integrated into cement-polyacrylate composite grout to improve its interfacial bonding.First,four-point bending tests were conducted,and the Monte Carlo method combined with the simplex search algorithm was employed to determine the variations in shear cohesion and static friction parameters.The results reveal that GO can significantly increase both the tensile and shear cohesion of the grout-limestone interface,but minimally affects the interfacial friction coefficient.Second,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)tests were performed.The results indicate that GO nanosheets result in a squamaceous microstructure of the grout consolidation mass,increasing the adhesion of the grout-limestone interface.Moreover,spiny Aft(ettringite)clusters can be induced in limestone fracture surfaces by GO,which could serve as anchors for limestone and grout consolidation mass.
基金supported by the fund of State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment(No.DEC8300CG202210353EE280297)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M692555)+1 种基金the Shaanxi Province Qinchuangyuan‘Scientists+Engineers’Team Building Project(No.2023KXJ-266)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.xzy012023145)。
文摘Low reactivity and appropriate wettability between molten superalloys and ceramic materials are crucial for the production of high-quality superalloy castings.The sessile-drop experiment was employed to systematically investigate the interfacial reaction and wettability between the 4777DS1 superalloy and SiO_(2)-based ceramic core at various temperatures(1,480℃,1,500℃,1,520℃,and 1,550℃).The wetting behavior and interfacial reaction products at different temperatures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The interfacial reaction process and products were discussed,and the thermodynamic behavior and interfacial reaction mechanisms were elucidated.The results demonstrate that the wetting behavior and interfacial reaction between the 4777DS1 alloy and the ceramic core are significantly influenced by temperature.The wettability angle exhibits a trend of initial decrease followed by an increase with rising temperature,reaching a maximum of 139°at 1,480℃,indicating poorer wettability of the 4777DS1 superalloy with the ceramic core and better casting properties at this specific temperature.The most intense interfacial reaction occurs at 1,520℃,resulting in the formation of the main interfacial reaction products such as Al_(2)O_(3),SiO_(2),and HfO_(2).Additionally,some crystal-like products rich in Si and Hf distribute on the reaction layer.
文摘To develop specific lining materials for rare earth steel nozzles,LaAlO_(3)powder was first synthesized by high-temperature solid-phase synthesis at 1400℃for 3 h using La_(2)O_(3)and Al_(2)O_(3)powders as raw materials.Then BN,AlN,Si_(3)N_(4)and TiN powders were pressed intoφ30 mm×7 mm substrate samples under 120 MPa with PVA as the binder.Equal amounts of La_(2)O_(3)and LaAlO_(3)powders were placed on their surfaces,reacting at 1550℃for 3 h in different atmospheres(reducing and argon conditions).The interfacial reactions of the four nitride(BN,Si_(3)N_(4),AlN,and TiN)substrate samples with La_(2)O_(3)and LaAlO_(3)in different atmospheres were studied,respectively.The results show that in reducing and argon atmospheres,the intensity order of the reactions between the four nitrides and La_(2)O_(3)is Si_(3)N_(4)>BN>AlN>TiN.In the reducing atmosphere,the reaction intensity order of the four nitrides with LaAlO_(3)is Si_(3)N_(4)>AlN≈TiN>BN.However,in the argon atmosphere,the order is Si_(3)N_(4)>BN>AlN≈TiN.TiN has good structural stability in both reducing and argon atmospheres,and shows weak reactivity with La_(2)O_(3)and LaAlO_(3).It is a relatively good anti-clogging lining material for rare earth steel nozzles.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62464011,62474084,52462025)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20242BAB25226)。
文摘Understanding the intricate interplay between electrode reactivity and interfacial chemistry is crucial for advancing halide perovskite memristors toward practical applications.Here,we systematically investigate how top electrode materials(Au,Ag,Cu,Al)influence the resistive switching behavior of quasi-2D CsPbBr_(3) devices through controlled interfacial engineering.By introducing a novel bilayer electrode architecture,we successfully decouple electrode surface oxidation effects from perovskite/electrode interfacial oxidation reactions for the first time.In situ XRD,photoluminescence spectroscopy,and interfacial XPS analysis reveal that voltage-driven bromide ion migration coupled with electrode-dependent reactions governs the switching mechanisms.Chemically inert Au electrodes show no switching due to insufficient interfacial reactivity,while highly reactive Al electrodes cause irreversible degradation through excessive chemical interactions.In contrast,moderately active Ag and Cu electrodes enable stable bipolar switching with dual negative differential resistance characteristics.The optimal performance emerges from balanced electrode reactivity that facilitates reversible interfacial redox reactions without structural degradation.These findings establish fundamental design principles linking electrode chemical activity to device functionality,providing a rational framework for engineering robust perovskite memristors with enhanced stability and performance for next-generation memory and neuromorphic computing applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3707900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42230710,42525201)Key task project for joint research and development of the Yangtze River Delta Science and Technology Innovation Community(Grant No.2022CSJGG1200).
文摘Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP)is an eco-friendly technology for soil improvement.Although numerous experiments have been conducted to solidify sand foundations using MICP,the mechanisms by which grain interfacial morphologies influencethe MICP process remain unclear.This study utilized 3D-printed flowcells with different boundary morphologies to investigate the effects of interfacial morphologies on the MICP process.CaCO_(3)precipitation characteristics were investigated through microscopic observation and image quantificationanalysis.The results indicate that low flowvelocities near the interface promote bacterial accumulation due to reduced hydrodynamic shear forces.Rough interfaces,compared to smooth ones,enhance bacterial adsorption owing to the larger regions of low flowvelocity,increased surface area,and the formation of local eddies,which promote greater CaCO_(3)precipitation.Compared to the regions away from the interface,a higher abundance of small CaCO_(3)crystals is observed near the interface because of the high urease activity from bacteria and the reduced shear-induced entrainment due to the low flowvelocity.Besides,larger crystals also preferentially precipitate in proximity to interfaces as the low flowvelocity enhances crystal growth according to the particle attachment theory.The presence of rough interfaces further reduces flowvelocities,leading to the precipitation of larger and more densely packed CaCO_(3)crystals.Therefore,rough interfaces promote the microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation.This work is expected to enhance the understanding of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation characteristics on solid surfaces such as soil grains and contribute to the optimization of MICP applications.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22379047)Yinzhou R&D Team(X.W.)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022B1515120019)the Project Funded by the China Scholarship Council(No.202108320278)the support from the Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation(Nano-X)from Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)offer a safe,cost-effective,and high-capacity energy storage solution,yet their performance is hindered by interfacial challenges at the Zn anode,including hydrogen evolution,corrosion,and dendritic Zn growth.While most studies focus on regulating Zn~(2+)solvation structures in bulk electrolytes,the evolution of interfacial solvation—where Zn~(2+)undergoes desolvation and deposition—remains insufficiently explored.Here,we introduce sulfated nanocellulose(SNC),an anion-rich biopolymer,to tailor the interfacial solvation structure without altering the bulk electrolyte composition.Using in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence interface-extended X-ray absorption fine structure,we reveal that SNC facilitates the formation of a low-coordinated Zn~(2+)solvation shell at the interface by weakening H_(2)O coordination.This transformation is driven by electrostatic interactions between Zn~(2+)and anchored sulfate groups,thereby reducing water activity,improving interfacial stability during charge/discharge,and suppressing parasitic reactions.Consequently,a high average coulombic efficiency of 99.6%over 500 cycles in Zn|Ti asymmetric cells and 1.5 Ah pouch cells(13.4 mg cm^(-2)loading,remained stable over 250 cycles)were achieved in SNC-induced AZIBs.This work underscores the importance of interfacial solvation structure engineering—beyond traditional bulk electrolyte design—in enabling practical,high-performance AZIBs.
基金supported by a grant from China railway corporation science and technology research and development plan project(Grant No.2017G005-B)funding support by Wuyi University’s Hong Kong and Macao Joint Research and Development Fund(Grants No.2021WGALH15)funding support by the Innovation and Technology Commission of Hong Kong SAR Government to the Hong Kong Branch of National Rail Transit Electrification and Automation Engineering Technology Research Center(Grant No.K-BBY1).
文摘The current technical standards primarily relied on experience to judge the interfacial bonding properties between the self-compacting concrete filling layer and the steam-cured concrete precast slab in CRTS Ⅲ slab ballastless track structure.This study sought to enhance technical standards for evaluating interfacial bonding properties by suggesting the use of the splitting tensile strength to evaluate the impact of bubble defects.Specimens were fabricated through on-site experiment.The percent of each area of 6 cm^(2)or more bubble defect was 0 in most of specimens.When the cumulative area of all bub-ble defects reached 12%,the splitting tensile strength value was 0.67 MPa,which exceeded the minimum required value of 0.5 MPa for ensuring bonding interface adhesion.Furthermore,when the cumulative area of all bubble defects reached 8%,the splitting tensile strength value was 0.85 MPa,which exceeded the minimum required value of 0.8 MPa,thereby over-coming the negative impact of each area of 10 cm^(2) or more bubble defect.Additionally,keeping the cumulative area of each area of 6 cm^(2) or more bubble defect below 6%ensured adequate bonding strength and reduced the occurrence of specimens with lower splitting tensile strength values.
基金supported by the “Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” R&D Program of Zhejiang Province (Grant No.2022C01053)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.62293493)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China (Grant No.LQ21A050001)。
文摘The enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA)is critical for the continuous growth of magnetic memory density.Material systems that possess high interfacial PMA typically involve strong spin-orbit coupling(SOC)or transition metal/oxide interfaces.In contrast,the role of 3d light metals in enhancing the interfacial PMA has been less investigated.This study demonstrated that the insertion of a few atomic Cr layers into Pt/Co/Pt/Ta heterostructures with Cr between the 1 atomic Pt layer and the 3 nm Ta overlayer enhanced the effective PMA energy(K_(eff))by a factor of 4.First-principles calculations revealed that the underlying mechanism originated from Cr-Pt d-orbital hybridization,leading to a corresponding orbital redistribution and significantly increasing the magnetic anisotropy energy.The progressive reduction in the spin-orbit torque(SOT)efficiency with increasing Cr thickness might stem from the enhanced orbital Rashba–Edelstein effect at the Pt/Cr interface.Furthermore,the wedging of a few atomic Cr layers caused the robust field-free SOT switching of perpendicular magnetization,which was due to the lateral PMA gradients enabled by the strong dependence of the PMA on the Cr thickness.The results provide a method for interfacial PMA enhancement by d-orbital hybridization of 3d–5d electrons and an alternative to field-free SOT switching towards low-power and high-density memory applications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374292)the China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation(BWLCF202309)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha(KQ2208271)。
文摘To inhibit the interfacial(displacement)reaction between Hf and Al elements in the DZ125 superalloy and the Al_(2)O_(3) and SiO_(2) in the Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic shell,rare-earth oxides(La_(2)O_(3) and Y_(2)O_(3))were used as dopants into the shell.The effects of dopant types and contents(2 wt%,5 wt%and 8 wt%)on the wettability and interfacial reaction were investigated using the sessile-drop experiment,and the reaction products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),a scanning electron microscope(SEM),an electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),to clarify the mechanism of dopants in the interracial reaction.The results show that increasing the Y_(2)O_(3) doping content(2 wt%-8 wt%)reduces the surface porosity from 22.39%to 13.43%,and decreases the surface roughness from 3.25 to 2.28μm,which enhances the packing density of the shell surface.In the sintering process(1223 K,2 h),both La_(2)O_(3) and Y_(2)O_(3) dopants react with SiO_(2),forming La_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) and Y_(2)SiO_(5) on the shell surface.During the interfacial reaction process(1823 K,40 min),La_(2)Si_(2)O_(7) decomposes and reacts with Al_(2)O_(3) and HfO_(2),resulting in the formation of SiO_(2)·HfO_(2)·La_(2)O_(3) and Al_(2)O_(3)·HfO_(2)·La_(2)O_(3) ternary composite oxides within the reaction products.At 8 wt%La_(2)O_(3) dopant content,the interfacial reaction is exacerbated,resulting in the uneven wettability.Y_(2)SiO_(5) further reacts with Al_(2)O_(3) and SiO_(2) to form SiO_(2)·Al_(2)O_(3)·Y_(2)O_(3) ternary composite oxides,while Y_(2)O_(3) combines with Al_(2)O_(3) to form Al_(5)Y_(3)O_(12)(VAG),which stabilizes the oxides within the shell and inhibits the interfacial reaction,and significantly improves the surface quality of the DZ125 superalloy.As the Y_(2)O_(3) dopant content increases(2 wt%-8 wt%),the wetting angle increases from 97.8°to 110.6°.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22201107,52203147)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(MS25B040011)significant science and technology projects of LongMen Laboratory in Henan Province(231100220100).
文摘Supercapacitors are indispensable for next-generation energy storage,achieving high energy density and long-term durability remains a formidable challenge.Conventional CoS suffers from poor conductivity,while Ti_(3)C_(2)faces severe restacking.Herein,we report a novel synthesis strategy that integrates metal-organic framework(MOF)growth with electrostatic self-assembly to construct heterojunction of CoS nanotubes coated with ultrathin Ti_(3)C_(2)nanofilms.Material characterization via SEM,TEM,XRD,and XPS systematically confirms the heterostructure formation,and chemical composition.This rational design synergistically leverages CoS high pseudocapacitance and Ti_(3)C_(2)metallic conductivity while the heterostructure mitigates restacking,enhances charge transfer,and stabilizes interfacial interactions.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal strengthened OH-adsorption at the Co-Ti interface(E_(ad)=1.106 eV).Consequently,the CoS/Ti_(3)C_(2)@CC delivers a remarkable specific capacitance of 1034.21 F g^(-1) at 1 A g^(-1).Assembled into a supercapacitor,CoS/Ti_(3)C_(2)@CC//AC achieves a high energy density of 74.22 Wh kg^(-1) at 800 W kg^(-1),maintaining 89.13%initial capacitance after 10,000 cycles.Significantly,it exhibits a remarkably low leakage current(0.23μA)and ultra-prolonged voltage retention(47.14%after 120 h),underscoring exceptional durability.This work pioneers a rational heterostructure engineering strategy by integrating MOF-derived architectures with conductive MXene nanofilms,offering critical insights for the development of ultra-durable supercapacitors.
