Polysaccharide-based Pickering emulsions(PEs)have attracted increasing attention as next-generation colloidal systems owing to their excellent biocompatibility,environmental responsiveness,and structural tunability.Th...Polysaccharide-based Pickering emulsions(PEs)have attracted increasing attention as next-generation colloidal systems owing to their excellent biocompatibility,environmental responsiveness,and structural tunability.This mini review systematically summarizes recent advances in the design,stabilization mechanisms,and biomedical applications of polysaccharide particle-stabilized PEs.Emphasis is placed on how particle properties—such as size,morphology,and surface chemistry—govern interfacial adsorption,emulsion stability,and functional performance.Strategies for structural design are discussed in detail,including physical modulation(e.g.,milling,drying),chemical modification(e.g.,hydrophobic group grafting,pH-responsiveness),and advanced assembly approaches such as self-assembly and hybrid co-assembly with proteins,lipids,and inorganic nanoparticles(NPs).These design principles not only improve interfacial stabilization but also enable integration of biofunctionalities,including mucoadhesion,antioxidation,and targeted delivery.The mini review further highlights the diverse biomedical applications of polysaccharide PEs,particularly in controlled drug release,oral delivery,and stimuli-responsive therapeutic systems.Recent advances in responsive emulsions capable of reacting to pH,enzymes,temperature,magnetic fields,and metabolic triggers are discussed,showcasing their promise in precision medicine.Despite their potential,key challenges remain,including batch-to-batch variability,unclear metabolic fate of modified polysaccharides,and the lack of regulatory consensus for clinical translation.Looking forward,the integration of green synthesis,high-throughput design,and computational modeling is expected to accelerate the development of multifunctional,intelligent PEs.With interdisciplinary collaboration,polysaccharide-based PEs are poised to evolve from interfacial stabilizers into versatile platforms for biomedical,food,and personal care applications.展开更多
Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil(EsEO)has well-known anthelmintic activity in small ruminants.However,its volatility limits its therapeutic action.The aim of this study was to develop a water-in-oil sodium alginat...Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil(EsEO)has well-known anthelmintic activity in small ruminants.However,its volatility limits its therapeutic action.The aim of this study was to develop a water-in-oil sodium alginatebased nanoemulsion with an effective in vitro effect on the eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus,a gastrointestinal parasite of sheep and goats.Four oil-in-water sodium alginate-based emulsions were prepared using a high-energy method with different proportions of Tween 80,EsEO,and sodium alginate(ALG)4%.The physical-chemical characterization included stability,particle size,zeta potential and infrared spectra.The effects of the emulsions were evaluated against H.contortus via the egg hatching test(EHT)and larval development test(LDT).The results showed that the emulsions were stable over 7 days,nanometer scale particles(218.8 to 371.5 nm)predominating and with negative zeta potentials(−28.9 to−46.9 mV).All four emulsions were more effective than EsEO in the EHT,with 50%effective concentrations(EC50)of 0.088 to 0.15 mg/mL for the emulsions and 0.308 mg/mL for EsEO.However,in the LDT,the emulsions and essential oil had similar effects,with EC50 values of 3.91 to 4.60 mg/mL for the emulsions and 4.17 mg/mL for EsEO.Emulsion 2,with low Tween 80/EsEO and ALG/EsEO ratios,was considered better overall in terms of physical,chemical and anthelmintic assessment and is a promising candidate for further in vivo assays against adult H.contortus.展开更多
Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography...Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).展开更多
Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a cruc...Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a crucial part of managing any construction project-but particularly important for high-speed railway projects that often have several contractual parties and stakeholders,very long project timelines and huge upfront cost overlays.This paper discusses how various project interfaces were managed during the design and construction of the civil engineering infrastructure for the High Speed Two(HS2)project in the United Kingdom.Design/methodology/approach-The paper uses the case study methodology.Key interfaces on the HS2 project are grouped into various categories and the paper discusses how they were managed within the Area North Integrated Project Team(IPT)of the HS2 project made up of contractor Balfour Beatty VINCI(BBV),the Mott MacDonald SYSTRA Design Joint Venture(DJV)and client HS2 Ltd.3 different case studies drawn from across the IPT are used,each of them highlighting different interfaces and how these interfaces were managed.Findings-The paper shows how innovative technical designs and modern methods of construction were used to address some of the unique and peculiar challenges of designing a brand-new railway in the United Kingdom.Addressing the contrasting and often competing requirements of different stakeholders,coupled with challenging physical constraints of the very limited land available for the project and the use of a rarely used Act of Parliament in the delivery of the project required different approach to interface management.Collaboration and proactive stakeholder engagement are necessary for successful interface management on megaprojects.The authors posit that adopting an integrated approach to engineering and construction management is an essential ingredient for the successful delivery of high-speed railway projects.Originality/value-With many high-speed railway projects around the world coming up in the next few years,understanding the context and challenges for each country will help engineering and design managers adopt appropriate approaches for their projects.The lessons learned on the HS2 project are also transferable to other mega infrastructure projects with complex project interfaces.展开更多
Stability of base-exposed backfill roof in underhand drift-and-fill mining is crucial for the safety of those working beneath.Given the commonly used primary-and-secondary mining sequence,interfaces are formed between...Stability of base-exposed backfill roof in underhand drift-and-fill mining is crucial for the safety of those working beneath.Given the commonly used primary-and-secondary mining sequence,interfaces are formed between adjacent filled drifts,which can weaken the integrity of the backfill roof.These interfaces also lead to two common drift layouts:aligned drifts and staggered drifts.However,less attention has been paid to the interfaces and the two drift layouts were not adequately distinguished in previous studies.In this paper,the interfaces between filled drifts were firstly considered to investigate the stability of backfill roof.Failure modes and strength requirements of backfill roof in aligned and staggered drifts are comprehensively investigated by FLAC3D,with a focus on considerations of varied shear parameters of the interfaces.Results show that failure modes in aligned drifts transition from block sliding to top caving,bottom caving or sloughing as the interface cohesion increases from zero to at least half of the backfill cohesion.Further increases in interface cohesion allow aligned drifts to behave as if there are no interfaces between them.The critical stability conditions of backfill roof in aligned drifts were mostly determined by the interface strength instead of the backfill strength.However,the stability of backfill roof in staggered drifts is barely affected by the interface strength.The outcomes are expected to provide references for mining engineers to optimize drift layouts and perform cost-effective backfill roof strength design at mines using underhand drift-and-fill mining method.展开更多
The osteochondral(OC)interface exhibits a mineral gradient,varying in thickness by several hundred micrometers across different species.Disruptions in this interface damage OC tissues,leading to osteoarthritis.The nat...The osteochondral(OC)interface exhibits a mineral gradient,varying in thickness by several hundred micrometers across different species.Disruptions in this interface damage OC tissues,leading to osteoarthritis.The natural architecture and composition of native OC interfaces can be replicated using biomaterial scaffolds via regenerative engineering approaches.A novel one-step bioextrusion process was employed to fabricate a unitary synthetic graft(USG),which mimics the native OC interface’s mineral concentration gradient.This novel USG is composed of an agarose-based cartilage layer and a bone layer,consisting of agarose enriched with 20%(200 g/L)hydroxyapatite.The USG features a gradient interface with mineral concentrations transitioning from 0%to 20%(mass fraction),mimicking the transition between the cartilage and bone.Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the gradient transition lengths of the graft and native OC tissue harvested from bovine knees were similar((647±21)vs.(633±124)μm).The linear viscoelastic properties of the grafts,which were evaluated using strain sweep and frequency sweep tests with oscillatory shear,indicated a dominant storage modulus over loss modulus similar to that of native OC tissues.The compressive and stress relaxation behaviors of the USGs demonstrated that the graft maintained structural integrity under mechanical stress.Viability assays performed after bioextrusion showed that chondrocytes and human fetal osteoblast cells successfully integrated and survived within their designated regions of the graft.The novel USGs exhibit properties similar to native OC tissue and are promising candidates for regenerating OC defects and restoring knee joint functionality.展开更多
As a natural oil-soluble emulsifier to replace Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate(PGPR),lecithin's application in double emulsions(DEs)remains constrained due to low encapsulation efficiency and stability,while incorpor...As a natural oil-soluble emulsifier to replace Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate(PGPR),lecithin's application in double emulsions(DEs)remains constrained due to low encapsulation efficiency and stability,while incorporating Pickering particles within the inner aqueous phase(W_(1))has emerged as an effective approach to enhance DEs stability.However,the interfacial interactions between Pickering particles in W_(1) and lecithin in oil phase and their effects on the physical,delivery and digestion properties of DEs remain to be explored.In this study,a natural Pickering DEs encapsulating blueberry anthocyanins(ANCs)was developed using lecithin and gliadinbased particles,with gliadin colloid particles(GCPs)introduced into W_(1).The effects of GCP concentration in W_(1) on emulsion droplet size,microstructure,W_(1)/O interfacial rheology,in vitro digestion,and ANCs delivery performance were systematically investigated.Results showed that GCPs in W_(1) accelerated the decreasing of W_(1)/O interfacial tension,indicating that,beyond competitive adsorption,combination between the two might also occur at the interface,which could accelerate the interfacial adsorption of lecithin.GCPs significantly improved the strength of the W_(1)/O interface,thus improving ANCs encapsulation efficiency from 49.66%to 70.60%.Moreover,the droplet size of DEs decreased from 38.94μm to 24.09μm as GCPs concentration increased,indicating that some GCPs might transfer to the outer aqueous phase through phase exchange,acting as hydrophilic emulsifiers.GCPs in W_(1) can modulate ANCs in vitro release,enhancing ANCs'bioaccessibility(31.10%)and antioxidant capacity.展开更多
Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is con...Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption.However,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption.In this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal reduction.By utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed.This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss.The prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy resin.The minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz.Moreover,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces.Therefore,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.展开更多
In well stimulation treatments using hydrochloric acid,undesirable water-in-oil emulsion and acid sludge may produce and then cause operational problems in oil field development.The processes intensify in the presence...In well stimulation treatments using hydrochloric acid,undesirable water-in-oil emulsion and acid sludge may produce and then cause operational problems in oil field development.The processes intensify in the presence of Fe(Ⅲ),which are from the corroded surfaces of field equipment and/or iron-bearing minerals of the oil reservoir.In order to understand the reasons of the stability of acid emulsions,acid emulsions were prepared by mixing crude oil emulsion with 15% hydrochloric acid solutions with and without Fe(Ⅲ) and then separated into free and upper(water free) and intermediate(with water) layers.It is assumed that the oil phase of the free and upper layers contains the compounds which do not participate in the formation of acid emulsions,and the oil phase of the intermediate layers contains components involved in the formation of oil/acid interface.The composition of the oil phase of each layer of the emulsions was studied.It is found that the asphaltenes with a high content of sulfur,oxygen and metals as well the flocculated material of protonated non-polar oil components are concentrated at the oil/acid interface.In addition to the above,in the presence of Fe(Ⅲ) the Fe(Ⅲ)-based complexes with polar groups of asphaltenes are formed at the acid/oil interface,contributing to the formation of armor films which enhance the emulsion stability.展开更多
Breaking water-in-oil emulsions during the refining of crude oils is an important step before any upgrading process is started.Asphaltene molecules are incriminated as playing an important role in this phenomenon.Unra...Breaking water-in-oil emulsions during the refining of crude oils is an important step before any upgrading process is started.Asphaltene molecules are incriminated as playing an important role in this phenomenon.Unraveling the mechanisms behind the affinity between them and water is a key step to understand how to break these emulsions more easily and require lower amounts of demulsifiers.Choosing which demulsifier molecule(s)to use is also primordial,but to do so rationally,one needs to know which are the molecular interactions in place between asphaltenes,porphyrins and water so that demulsifiers are chosen to destabilize a specific physical–chemical interaction.In this paper,we study the interactions arising between asphaltenes and porphyrins and six different molecules potentially displaying a demulsification action in the presence of water/oil interfaces.We demonstrate that the ionic demulsifier molecules present an interesting potential to either interact strongly with water,replacing asphaltenes in this interaction,or to interact with the active sites of asphaltenes,deactivating them and avoiding any asphaltenic interfacial activity.Finally,we also found that although asphaltenes do not migrate spontaneously toward the water/oil interfaces,porphyrins do so rather easily.This indicates that porphyrins do have an important activity at the water/oil interface.展开更多
This study prepared and characterized amphiphilic carboxymethyl cellulose stearate(CMCS)recycled from sugarcane bagasse agro-waste(SB).The Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR)analysis confirmed cellulose,carboxymethyl cel...This study prepared and characterized amphiphilic carboxymethyl cellulose stearate(CMCS)recycled from sugarcane bagasse agro-waste(SB).The Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR)analysis confirmed cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),and CMCS structures,with CMCS showing increased H-bonding.X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD)revealed reduced crystallinity in CMC and CMCS.CMCS exhibited a hydrophobic nature but dispersed in water,enabling nanoemulsion formation.Optimal nanoemulsion was achieved with CMCS1,showing a particle size of 99 nm.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)images revealed CMC’s honeycomb structure,transforming into spherical particles in CMCS1.Antimicrobial tests demonstrated strong activity of CMCS formulations against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,with CMCS3 exhibiting the highest efficacy.These findings highlight the potential of CMCS-based nanoemulsions for antimicrobial applications and nanoemulsification.展开更多
Non-aqueous emulsions have a wide range of applications in cosmetics,drug-controlled release,and the preparation of functional nanoparticles.However,due to the weaker polarity of non-aqueous solvents,these emulsions o...Non-aqueous emulsions have a wide range of applications in cosmetics,drug-controlled release,and the preparation of functional nanoparticles.However,due to the weaker polarity of non-aqueous solvents,these emulsions often exhibit inferior stability compared to their aqueous counterparts.In this experiment,the properties of quaternary ammonium surfactants in glycerol were investigated through surface tension measurements,to further enhance the stability of n-decane/glycerol emulsions,hydrophilic nanoparticles SiO_(2) were modified in situ using double tailed quaternary ammonium surfactants Di-C_(12)DAB and Di-C_(16)DAB.Stable n-decane/glycerol Pickering emulsions were successfully prepared.These emulsions were stable at 45℃for over six months,and no significant changes in droplet size occurred.The minimum droplet size of the emulsion was only 2-3μm.Contact angle measurements showed that the wettability of the silica surface was tremendously affected by the concentration and the alkyl chain length of the double-tailed surfactants.In the presence of Di-C_(12)DAB,the contact angle of glycerol on the silica surface increased monotonically with the surfactant concentration.This explains the phenomenon that the Pickering emulsions containing Di-C_(12)DAB and silica particles were stable within the contact angle range of 80°-120°.Comparatively,the contact angle of the glycerol on the silica surface in the presence of Di-C_(16)DAB first increased with surfactant concentrations and then decreased,reaching a maximum at 0.6 mmol/L.It can be concluded that Di-C_(12)DAB formed monolayers at the surface of silica particles within all investigated concentrations.On the contrary,Di-C_(16)DAB formed monolayers at concentrations below 0.6 mmol/L and formed double layers at concentrations above 0.6 mmol/L,leading to a non-monotonic change in the contact angle with respect to concentration.Using these stable non-aqueous Pickering emulsions as templates,polymer microspheres with a particle size of 2-3μm were successfully prepared with high yield.This work is helpful to expand the potential applications of non-aqueous emulsions in the encapsulation of drug,controlled release,material preparation,and cosmetic formulations.展开更多
The influence of petroleum sulphonate (TRS) on interfacial properties and stability of the emulsions formed by formation water and asphaltene, resin and crude model oils from Gudong crude oil was investigated by measu...The influence of petroleum sulphonate (TRS) on interfacial properties and stability of the emulsions formed by formation water and asphaltene, resin and crude model oils from Gudong crude oil was investigated by measurement of interfacial shear viscosity, interfacial tension (IFT) and emulsion stability. With increasing petroleum sulphonate concentration, IFT between the formation water and the asphaltene, resin and crude model oils decreases significantly. The interfacial shear viscosity and emulsion stability of asphaltene and crude model oil system increase for the petroleum sulphonate concentration in the range 0.1% to 0.3%, and decrease slightly when the concentration of the surfactant is 0.5%. There exists a close correlation between the interfacial shear viscosity and the stability of the emulsions formed by asphaltene or crude model oils and petroleum sulphonate solution.The stability of the emulsions is determined by the strength of the interfacial film formed of petroleum sulphonate molecules and the natural interfacial active components in the asphaltene fraction and the crude oil. The asphaltene in the crude oil plays a major role in determining the interfacial properties and the stability of the emulsions.展开更多
Fully implanted brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)are preferred as they eliminate signal degradation caused by interference and absorption in external tissues,a common issue in non-fully implanted systems.To optimize the...Fully implanted brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)are preferred as they eliminate signal degradation caused by interference and absorption in external tissues,a common issue in non-fully implanted systems.To optimize the design of electroencephalography electrodes in fully implanted BCI systems,this study investigates the penetration and absorption characteristics of microwave signals in human brain tissue at different frequencies.Electromagnetic simulations are used to analyze the power density distribution and specific absorption rate(SAR)of signals at various frequen-cies.The results indicate that lower-frequency signals offer advantages in terms of power density and attenuation coeffi-cients.However,SAR-normalized analysis,which considers both power density and electromagnetic radiation hazards,shows that higher-frequency signals perform better at superficial to intermediate depths.Specifically,at a depth of 2 mm beneath the cortex,the power density of a 6.5 GHz signal is 247.83%higher than that of a 0.4 GHz signal.At a depth of 5 mm,the power density of a 3.5 GHz signal exceeds that of a 0.4 GHz signal by 224.16%.The findings suggest that 6.5 GHz is optimal for electrodes at a depth of 2 mm,3.5 GHz for 5 mm,2.45 GHz for depths of 15-20 mm,and 1.8 GHz for 25 mm.展开更多
As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal...As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal materials at various scales and dimensions.Conventional methods make it difficult to quantitatively describe the relationship between the regular characteristics and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces.However,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe the shape characteristics of metal materials and to establish the quantitative relationships between the shape characteristics and various properties of metal materials.From the perspective of two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional curved surfaces,this paper reviews the current research status of the fractal analysis of metal precipitate interfaces,metal grain boundary interfaces,metal-deposited film surfaces,metal fracture surfaces,metal machined surfaces,and metal wear surfaces.The relationship between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces is summarized.Starting from three perspectives of fractal analysis,namely,research scope,image acquisition methods,and calculation methods,this paper identifies the direction of research on fractal analysis of metal material surfaces and interfaces that need to be developed.It is believed that revealing the deep influence mechanism between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces will be the key research direction of the fractal analysis of metal materials in the future.展开更多
Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragran...Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragranceloaded capsules.In this work,the natural materials sodium alginate and gelatine are dissolved and act as the aqueous phase,lavender is dissolved in caprylic/capric triglyceride(GTCC)as the oil phase,and SiO_(2) nanoparticles with neutralwettability as a solid emulsifier to form O/W Pickering emulsions simultaneously.Finally,multi-core capsules are prepared using the drop injection method with emulsions as templates.The results show that the capsules have been successfully prepared with a spherical morphology and multi-core structure,and the encapsulation rate of multi-core capsules can reach up to 99.6%.In addition,the multi-core capsules possess desirable sustained release performance,the cumulative sustained release rate of fragrance at 25℃over 49 days is only 32.5%.It is attributed to the significant protection of multi-core structure,Pickering emulsion nanoparticle membranes,and hydrogel network shell for encapsulated fragrance.This study is designed to deliver a new strategy for using sustained-release technology with fragrance in food,cosmetics,textiles,and other fields.展开更多
Emulsions are widely used across various industries but often require surfactants for stabilization,leading to complex product formulations and environmental concerns.Continuous preparation of stable emulsions without...Emulsions are widely used across various industries but often require surfactants for stabilization,leading to complex product formulations and environmental concerns.Continuous preparation of stable emulsions without surfactants is still a significant challenge.Herein,a secondary membrane emulsification system was developed to produce stable oil-in-water emulsions under surfactant-free conditions,where the first membrane module employed the cross-flow membrane emulsification to generate the primary emulsion,while the second membrane module employed the premix membrane emulsification to further reduce the droplet size,thereby improving the emulsion stability.The morphology and droplet size of the secondary emulsion significantly depend on the membrane pore size,membrane surface wettability,primary emulsion flow,and primary emulsion quality.The secondary membrane emulsification system demonstrates excellent operational stability over 12 h,with no obvious changes in the emulsion characteristics.The prepared secondary emulsion remains relatively stable up to 10 min without surfactants,significantly superior to the primary emulsion.Furthermore,the developed system successfully produces the Janus emulsion with homogeneous internal phase morphology.This research provides an effective approach for the continuous preparation of stable emulsions without surfactants.展开更多
CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed gra...CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces to enhance solar-driven photothermal catalytic DRM.Compared with carbon nanotubes-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-CNT),graphite-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-GRA)constructed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with distortion in CeO_(2),leading to the formation abundant oxygen vacancies.These graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with oxygen vacancies enhanced optical absorption and promoted the generation and separation of photogenerated carriers.The high endothermic capacity of graphite elevated the catalyst surface temperature from 592.1−691.3℃,boosting light-to-thermal conversion.The synergy between photogenerated carriers and localized heat enabled Ni/CeO_(2)-GRA to achieve a CO production rate of 9985.6 mmol/(g·h)(vs 7192.4 mmol/(g·h)for Ni/CeO_(2))and a light-to-fuel efficiency of 21.8%(vs 13.8%for Ni/CeO_(2)).This work provides insights for designing graphite-semiconductor interfaces to advance photothermal catalytic efficiency.展开更多
The stability of acid-crude oil emulsion poses manifold issues in the oil industry.Experimentally evaluating this phenomenon may be costly and time-consuming.In contrast,machine learning models have proven effective i...The stability of acid-crude oil emulsion poses manifold issues in the oil industry.Experimentally evaluating this phenomenon may be costly and time-consuming.In contrast,machine learning models have proven effective in predicting and evaluating various phenomena.This research is the first of its kind to assess the stability of acid-crude oil emulsion,employing various classification machine learning models.For this purpose,a data set consisting of 249 experimental data points belonging to 11 different crude oil samples was collected.Three tree-based models,namely decision tree(DT),random forest(RF),and categorical boosting(CatBoost),as well as three artificial neural network models,namely radial basis function(RBF),multi-layer perceptron(MLP) and convolutional neural network(CNN),were developed based on the properties of crude oil,acid,and protective additive.The CatBoost model obtained the highest accuracy with 0.9687,followed closely by the CNN model with 0.9673.In addition,confusion matrix findings showed the superiority of the CatBoost model.Finally,by applying the SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP) method to analyze the impact of input parameters,it was found that the crude oil viscosity has the most significant effect on the model's output with the mean absolute SHAP value of 0.88.展开更多
Practical application of carvacrol in different fields including foods and biopesticides has been limited due to its instability and water insolubility.In this work,carvacrol encapsulated Pickering emulsion is develop...Practical application of carvacrol in different fields including foods and biopesticides has been limited due to its instability and water insolubility.In this work,carvacrol encapsulated Pickering emulsion is developed by using polymeric Janus nanoparticles as the stabilizer.To achieve this,dumbbell-shaped polymeric nanoparticles composed of two spheres of shellac and polylactic acid(PLA)are firstly prepared via co-precipitation in a rotating packed bed reactor,followed by grafting of chitooligosaccharides(COS)onto shellac to synthesis amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles(PLA/shellac-COS).Pickering emulsions with typical oil-in-water,bi-continuous structure and water-in-oil characteristics are produced by configuring carvacrol emulsions with different oil-to-water ratios.The stability of emulsions with 5%carvacrol content stabilized by 0.5% PLA/shellac-COS nanoparticles were more stable when compared to those prepared by shellac nanoparticles and PLA/shellac nanoparticles.After stored for one month,the carvacrol encapsulated Pickering emulsions maintained a high zeta potential of-43.8 mV,with no significant changes in particle size.These preliminary studies illustrated that polymeric Janus nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation in a rotating packed bed are promising particles for Pickering emulsions and related work in the future.展开更多
基金supported by the Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources(2060302)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2022-I2M-1-018 and 2021-1-I2M-031).
文摘Polysaccharide-based Pickering emulsions(PEs)have attracted increasing attention as next-generation colloidal systems owing to their excellent biocompatibility,environmental responsiveness,and structural tunability.This mini review systematically summarizes recent advances in the design,stabilization mechanisms,and biomedical applications of polysaccharide particle-stabilized PEs.Emphasis is placed on how particle properties—such as size,morphology,and surface chemistry—govern interfacial adsorption,emulsion stability,and functional performance.Strategies for structural design are discussed in detail,including physical modulation(e.g.,milling,drying),chemical modification(e.g.,hydrophobic group grafting,pH-responsiveness),and advanced assembly approaches such as self-assembly and hybrid co-assembly with proteins,lipids,and inorganic nanoparticles(NPs).These design principles not only improve interfacial stabilization but also enable integration of biofunctionalities,including mucoadhesion,antioxidation,and targeted delivery.The mini review further highlights the diverse biomedical applications of polysaccharide PEs,particularly in controlled drug release,oral delivery,and stimuli-responsive therapeutic systems.Recent advances in responsive emulsions capable of reacting to pH,enzymes,temperature,magnetic fields,and metabolic triggers are discussed,showcasing their promise in precision medicine.Despite their potential,key challenges remain,including batch-to-batch variability,unclear metabolic fate of modified polysaccharides,and the lack of regulatory consensus for clinical translation.Looking forward,the integration of green synthesis,high-throughput design,and computational modeling is expected to accelerate the development of multifunctional,intelligent PEs.With interdisciplinary collaboration,polysaccharide-based PEs are poised to evolve from interfacial stabilizers into versatile platforms for biomedical,food,and personal care applications.
基金supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico eTecnologico(CNPq)(grant No.142165/2018-2)Mr.Araujo-Filho had a doctoral scholarship and Dr.Bevilaqua has a research fellowship(grant No.305911/2019-8)from CNPq.
文摘Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil(EsEO)has well-known anthelmintic activity in small ruminants.However,its volatility limits its therapeutic action.The aim of this study was to develop a water-in-oil sodium alginatebased nanoemulsion with an effective in vitro effect on the eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus,a gastrointestinal parasite of sheep and goats.Four oil-in-water sodium alginate-based emulsions were prepared using a high-energy method with different proportions of Tween 80,EsEO,and sodium alginate(ALG)4%.The physical-chemical characterization included stability,particle size,zeta potential and infrared spectra.The effects of the emulsions were evaluated against H.contortus via the egg hatching test(EHT)and larval development test(LDT).The results showed that the emulsions were stable over 7 days,nanometer scale particles(218.8 to 371.5 nm)predominating and with negative zeta potentials(−28.9 to−46.9 mV).All four emulsions were more effective than EsEO in the EHT,with 50%effective concentrations(EC50)of 0.088 to 0.15 mg/mL for the emulsions and 0.308 mg/mL for EsEO.However,in the LDT,the emulsions and essential oil had similar effects,with EC50 values of 3.91 to 4.60 mg/mL for the emulsions and 4.17 mg/mL for EsEO.Emulsion 2,with low Tween 80/EsEO and ALG/EsEO ratios,was considered better overall in terms of physical,chemical and anthelmintic assessment and is a promising candidate for further in vivo assays against adult H.contortus.
文摘Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).
文摘Purpose-Interface management is the process of managing communications,responsibilities and coordination of project parties,phases or physical entities which are dependent on one another.Interface management is a crucial part of managing any construction project-but particularly important for high-speed railway projects that often have several contractual parties and stakeholders,very long project timelines and huge upfront cost overlays.This paper discusses how various project interfaces were managed during the design and construction of the civil engineering infrastructure for the High Speed Two(HS2)project in the United Kingdom.Design/methodology/approach-The paper uses the case study methodology.Key interfaces on the HS2 project are grouped into various categories and the paper discusses how they were managed within the Area North Integrated Project Team(IPT)of the HS2 project made up of contractor Balfour Beatty VINCI(BBV),the Mott MacDonald SYSTRA Design Joint Venture(DJV)and client HS2 Ltd.3 different case studies drawn from across the IPT are used,each of them highlighting different interfaces and how these interfaces were managed.Findings-The paper shows how innovative technical designs and modern methods of construction were used to address some of the unique and peculiar challenges of designing a brand-new railway in the United Kingdom.Addressing the contrasting and often competing requirements of different stakeholders,coupled with challenging physical constraints of the very limited land available for the project and the use of a rarely used Act of Parliament in the delivery of the project required different approach to interface management.Collaboration and proactive stakeholder engagement are necessary for successful interface management on megaprojects.The authors posit that adopting an integrated approach to engineering and construction management is an essential ingredient for the successful delivery of high-speed railway projects.Originality/value-With many high-speed railway projects around the world coming up in the next few years,understanding the context and challenges for each country will help engineering and design managers adopt appropriate approaches for their projects.The lessons learned on the HS2 project are also transferable to other mega infrastructure projects with complex project interfaces.
基金supported by Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2024ZD1003705)the Beijing Nova Program(Grant No.20220484057)support from China Scholarship Council under Grant CSC No.202110300001.
文摘Stability of base-exposed backfill roof in underhand drift-and-fill mining is crucial for the safety of those working beneath.Given the commonly used primary-and-secondary mining sequence,interfaces are formed between adjacent filled drifts,which can weaken the integrity of the backfill roof.These interfaces also lead to two common drift layouts:aligned drifts and staggered drifts.However,less attention has been paid to the interfaces and the two drift layouts were not adequately distinguished in previous studies.In this paper,the interfaces between filled drifts were firstly considered to investigate the stability of backfill roof.Failure modes and strength requirements of backfill roof in aligned and staggered drifts are comprehensively investigated by FLAC3D,with a focus on considerations of varied shear parameters of the interfaces.Results show that failure modes in aligned drifts transition from block sliding to top caving,bottom caving or sloughing as the interface cohesion increases from zero to at least half of the backfill cohesion.Further increases in interface cohesion allow aligned drifts to behave as if there are no interfaces between them.The critical stability conditions of backfill roof in aligned drifts were mostly determined by the interface strength instead of the backfill strength.However,the stability of backfill roof in staggered drifts is barely affected by the interface strength.The outcomes are expected to provide references for mining engineers to optimize drift layouts and perform cost-effective backfill roof strength design at mines using underhand drift-and-fill mining method.
基金supported by the School of Engineering and Digital Sciences of Nazarbayev University,Astana,Kazakhstan(to CE)。
文摘The osteochondral(OC)interface exhibits a mineral gradient,varying in thickness by several hundred micrometers across different species.Disruptions in this interface damage OC tissues,leading to osteoarthritis.The natural architecture and composition of native OC interfaces can be replicated using biomaterial scaffolds via regenerative engineering approaches.A novel one-step bioextrusion process was employed to fabricate a unitary synthetic graft(USG),which mimics the native OC interface’s mineral concentration gradient.This novel USG is composed of an agarose-based cartilage layer and a bone layer,consisting of agarose enriched with 20%(200 g/L)hydroxyapatite.The USG features a gradient interface with mineral concentrations transitioning from 0%to 20%(mass fraction),mimicking the transition between the cartilage and bone.Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the gradient transition lengths of the graft and native OC tissue harvested from bovine knees were similar((647±21)vs.(633±124)μm).The linear viscoelastic properties of the grafts,which were evaluated using strain sweep and frequency sweep tests with oscillatory shear,indicated a dominant storage modulus over loss modulus similar to that of native OC tissues.The compressive and stress relaxation behaviors of the USGs demonstrated that the graft maintained structural integrity under mechanical stress.Viability assays performed after bioextrusion showed that chondrocytes and human fetal osteoblast cells successfully integrated and survived within their designated regions of the graft.The novel USGs exhibit properties similar to native OC tissue and are promising candidates for regenerating OC defects and restoring knee joint functionality.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202235)。
文摘As a natural oil-soluble emulsifier to replace Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate(PGPR),lecithin's application in double emulsions(DEs)remains constrained due to low encapsulation efficiency and stability,while incorporating Pickering particles within the inner aqueous phase(W_(1))has emerged as an effective approach to enhance DEs stability.However,the interfacial interactions between Pickering particles in W_(1) and lecithin in oil phase and their effects on the physical,delivery and digestion properties of DEs remain to be explored.In this study,a natural Pickering DEs encapsulating blueberry anthocyanins(ANCs)was developed using lecithin and gliadinbased particles,with gliadin colloid particles(GCPs)introduced into W_(1).The effects of GCP concentration in W_(1) on emulsion droplet size,microstructure,W_(1)/O interfacial rheology,in vitro digestion,and ANCs delivery performance were systematically investigated.Results showed that GCPs in W_(1) accelerated the decreasing of W_(1)/O interfacial tension,indicating that,beyond competitive adsorption,combination between the two might also occur at the interface,which could accelerate the interfacial adsorption of lecithin.GCPs significantly improved the strength of the W_(1)/O interface,thus improving ANCs encapsulation efficiency from 49.66%to 70.60%.Moreover,the droplet size of DEs decreased from 38.94μm to 24.09μm as GCPs concentration increased,indicating that some GCPs might transfer to the outer aqueous phase through phase exchange,acting as hydrophilic emulsifiers.GCPs in W_(1) can modulate ANCs in vitro release,enhancing ANCs'bioaccessibility(31.10%)and antioxidant capacity.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377026 and No.52301192)Taishan Scholars and Young Experts Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202103057)+4 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number(No.GZB20240327)Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDCXZG-202400275)Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Project(No.QDBSH20240102023)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M751563)the Qingchuang Talents Induction Program of Shandong Higher Education Institution(Research and Innovation Team of Structural-Functional Polymer Composites).
文摘Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption.However,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption.In this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal reduction.By utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed.This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss.The prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy resin.The minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz.Moreover,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces.Therefore,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.
文摘In well stimulation treatments using hydrochloric acid,undesirable water-in-oil emulsion and acid sludge may produce and then cause operational problems in oil field development.The processes intensify in the presence of Fe(Ⅲ),which are from the corroded surfaces of field equipment and/or iron-bearing minerals of the oil reservoir.In order to understand the reasons of the stability of acid emulsions,acid emulsions were prepared by mixing crude oil emulsion with 15% hydrochloric acid solutions with and without Fe(Ⅲ) and then separated into free and upper(water free) and intermediate(with water) layers.It is assumed that the oil phase of the free and upper layers contains the compounds which do not participate in the formation of acid emulsions,and the oil phase of the intermediate layers contains components involved in the formation of oil/acid interface.The composition of the oil phase of each layer of the emulsions was studied.It is found that the asphaltenes with a high content of sulfur,oxygen and metals as well the flocculated material of protonated non-polar oil components are concentrated at the oil/acid interface.In addition to the above,in the presence of Fe(Ⅲ) the Fe(Ⅲ)-based complexes with polar groups of asphaltenes are formed at the acid/oil interface,contributing to the formation of armor films which enhance the emulsion stability.
基金the DN (Direction du Numé-rique) from Universitéde Pau et des Pays de l’Adour,MCIA (Mésocentre de Calcul Intensif Aquitain),GENCI-CINES (Grant 2017-c2016087698) for providing the computation power needed for this projectIsifor-Carnot Institute and Total Refining&Chemicals are also acknowledged for their financial support to this research project
文摘Breaking water-in-oil emulsions during the refining of crude oils is an important step before any upgrading process is started.Asphaltene molecules are incriminated as playing an important role in this phenomenon.Unraveling the mechanisms behind the affinity between them and water is a key step to understand how to break these emulsions more easily and require lower amounts of demulsifiers.Choosing which demulsifier molecule(s)to use is also primordial,but to do so rationally,one needs to know which are the molecular interactions in place between asphaltenes,porphyrins and water so that demulsifiers are chosen to destabilize a specific physical–chemical interaction.In this paper,we study the interactions arising between asphaltenes and porphyrins and six different molecules potentially displaying a demulsification action in the presence of water/oil interfaces.We demonstrate that the ionic demulsifier molecules present an interesting potential to either interact strongly with water,replacing asphaltenes in this interaction,or to interact with the active sites of asphaltenes,deactivating them and avoiding any asphaltenic interfacial activity.Finally,we also found that although asphaltenes do not migrate spontaneously toward the water/oil interfaces,porphyrins do so rather easily.This indicates that porphyrins do have an important activity at the water/oil interface.
文摘This study prepared and characterized amphiphilic carboxymethyl cellulose stearate(CMCS)recycled from sugarcane bagasse agro-waste(SB).The Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR)analysis confirmed cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),and CMCS structures,with CMCS showing increased H-bonding.X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD)revealed reduced crystallinity in CMC and CMCS.CMCS exhibited a hydrophobic nature but dispersed in water,enabling nanoemulsion formation.Optimal nanoemulsion was achieved with CMCS1,showing a particle size of 99 nm.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)images revealed CMC’s honeycomb structure,transforming into spherical particles in CMCS1.Antimicrobial tests demonstrated strong activity of CMCS formulations against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,with CMCS3 exhibiting the highest efficacy.These findings highlight the potential of CMCS-based nanoemulsions for antimicrobial applications and nanoemulsification.
文摘Non-aqueous emulsions have a wide range of applications in cosmetics,drug-controlled release,and the preparation of functional nanoparticles.However,due to the weaker polarity of non-aqueous solvents,these emulsions often exhibit inferior stability compared to their aqueous counterparts.In this experiment,the properties of quaternary ammonium surfactants in glycerol were investigated through surface tension measurements,to further enhance the stability of n-decane/glycerol emulsions,hydrophilic nanoparticles SiO_(2) were modified in situ using double tailed quaternary ammonium surfactants Di-C_(12)DAB and Di-C_(16)DAB.Stable n-decane/glycerol Pickering emulsions were successfully prepared.These emulsions were stable at 45℃for over six months,and no significant changes in droplet size occurred.The minimum droplet size of the emulsion was only 2-3μm.Contact angle measurements showed that the wettability of the silica surface was tremendously affected by the concentration and the alkyl chain length of the double-tailed surfactants.In the presence of Di-C_(12)DAB,the contact angle of glycerol on the silica surface increased monotonically with the surfactant concentration.This explains the phenomenon that the Pickering emulsions containing Di-C_(12)DAB and silica particles were stable within the contact angle range of 80°-120°.Comparatively,the contact angle of the glycerol on the silica surface in the presence of Di-C_(16)DAB first increased with surfactant concentrations and then decreased,reaching a maximum at 0.6 mmol/L.It can be concluded that Di-C_(12)DAB formed monolayers at the surface of silica particles within all investigated concentrations.On the contrary,Di-C_(16)DAB formed monolayers at concentrations below 0.6 mmol/L and formed double layers at concentrations above 0.6 mmol/L,leading to a non-monotonic change in the contact angle with respect to concentration.Using these stable non-aqueous Pickering emulsions as templates,polymer microspheres with a particle size of 2-3μm were successfully prepared with high yield.This work is helpful to expand the potential applications of non-aqueous emulsions in the encapsulation of drug,controlled release,material preparation,and cosmetic formulations.
基金国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)，an International Cooperation Research Program
文摘The influence of petroleum sulphonate (TRS) on interfacial properties and stability of the emulsions formed by formation water and asphaltene, resin and crude model oils from Gudong crude oil was investigated by measurement of interfacial shear viscosity, interfacial tension (IFT) and emulsion stability. With increasing petroleum sulphonate concentration, IFT between the formation water and the asphaltene, resin and crude model oils decreases significantly. The interfacial shear viscosity and emulsion stability of asphaltene and crude model oil system increase for the petroleum sulphonate concentration in the range 0.1% to 0.3%, and decrease slightly when the concentration of the surfactant is 0.5%. There exists a close correlation between the interfacial shear viscosity and the stability of the emulsions formed by asphaltene or crude model oils and petroleum sulphonate solution.The stability of the emulsions is determined by the strength of the interfacial film formed of petroleum sulphonate molecules and the natural interfacial active components in the asphaltene fraction and the crude oil. The asphaltene in the crude oil plays a major role in determining the interfacial properties and the stability of the emulsions.
基金The Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Smart Grid Protection and Operation Control in 2022(No.SGNR0000KJJS2302150).
文摘Fully implanted brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)are preferred as they eliminate signal degradation caused by interference and absorption in external tissues,a common issue in non-fully implanted systems.To optimize the design of electroencephalography electrodes in fully implanted BCI systems,this study investigates the penetration and absorption characteristics of microwave signals in human brain tissue at different frequencies.Electromagnetic simulations are used to analyze the power density distribution and specific absorption rate(SAR)of signals at various frequen-cies.The results indicate that lower-frequency signals offer advantages in terms of power density and attenuation coeffi-cients.However,SAR-normalized analysis,which considers both power density and electromagnetic radiation hazards,shows that higher-frequency signals perform better at superficial to intermediate depths.Specifically,at a depth of 2 mm beneath the cortex,the power density of a 6.5 GHz signal is 247.83%higher than that of a 0.4 GHz signal.At a depth of 5 mm,the power density of a 3.5 GHz signal exceeds that of a 0.4 GHz signal by 224.16%.The findings suggest that 6.5 GHz is optimal for electrodes at a depth of 2 mm,3.5 GHz for 5 mm,2.45 GHz for depths of 15-20 mm,and 1.8 GHz for 25 mm.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0121300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374376)the Introduction Plan for High-end Foreign Experts(No.G2023105001L)。
文摘As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal materials at various scales and dimensions.Conventional methods make it difficult to quantitatively describe the relationship between the regular characteristics and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces.However,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe the shape characteristics of metal materials and to establish the quantitative relationships between the shape characteristics and various properties of metal materials.From the perspective of two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional curved surfaces,this paper reviews the current research status of the fractal analysis of metal precipitate interfaces,metal grain boundary interfaces,metal-deposited film surfaces,metal fracture surfaces,metal machined surfaces,and metal wear surfaces.The relationship between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces is summarized.Starting from three perspectives of fractal analysis,namely,research scope,image acquisition methods,and calculation methods,this paper identifies the direction of research on fractal analysis of metal material surfaces and interfaces that need to be developed.It is believed that revealing the deep influence mechanism between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces will be the key research direction of the fractal analysis of metal materials in the future.
文摘Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragranceloaded capsules.In this work,the natural materials sodium alginate and gelatine are dissolved and act as the aqueous phase,lavender is dissolved in caprylic/capric triglyceride(GTCC)as the oil phase,and SiO_(2) nanoparticles with neutralwettability as a solid emulsifier to form O/W Pickering emulsions simultaneously.Finally,multi-core capsules are prepared using the drop injection method with emulsions as templates.The results show that the capsules have been successfully prepared with a spherical morphology and multi-core structure,and the encapsulation rate of multi-core capsules can reach up to 99.6%.In addition,the multi-core capsules possess desirable sustained release performance,the cumulative sustained release rate of fragrance at 25℃over 49 days is only 32.5%.It is attributed to the significant protection of multi-core structure,Pickering emulsion nanoparticle membranes,and hydrogel network shell for encapsulated fragrance.This study is designed to deliver a new strategy for using sustained-release technology with fragrance in food,cosmetics,textiles,and other fields.
基金Financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program (2024YFA1510003)the National Natural Science Foundation (U24B20197,22278209,U23A20117,22178165,22208149)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation(BK20220354)the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (SKL-MCE-23A11) of China are gratefully acknowledged。
文摘Emulsions are widely used across various industries but often require surfactants for stabilization,leading to complex product formulations and environmental concerns.Continuous preparation of stable emulsions without surfactants is still a significant challenge.Herein,a secondary membrane emulsification system was developed to produce stable oil-in-water emulsions under surfactant-free conditions,where the first membrane module employed the cross-flow membrane emulsification to generate the primary emulsion,while the second membrane module employed the premix membrane emulsification to further reduce the droplet size,thereby improving the emulsion stability.The morphology and droplet size of the secondary emulsion significantly depend on the membrane pore size,membrane surface wettability,primary emulsion flow,and primary emulsion quality.The secondary membrane emulsification system demonstrates excellent operational stability over 12 h,with no obvious changes in the emulsion characteristics.The prepared secondary emulsion remains relatively stable up to 10 min without surfactants,significantly superior to the primary emulsion.Furthermore,the developed system successfully produces the Janus emulsion with homogeneous internal phase morphology.This research provides an effective approach for the continuous preparation of stable emulsions without surfactants.
文摘CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces to enhance solar-driven photothermal catalytic DRM.Compared with carbon nanotubes-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-CNT),graphite-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-GRA)constructed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with distortion in CeO_(2),leading to the formation abundant oxygen vacancies.These graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with oxygen vacancies enhanced optical absorption and promoted the generation and separation of photogenerated carriers.The high endothermic capacity of graphite elevated the catalyst surface temperature from 592.1−691.3℃,boosting light-to-thermal conversion.The synergy between photogenerated carriers and localized heat enabled Ni/CeO_(2)-GRA to achieve a CO production rate of 9985.6 mmol/(g·h)(vs 7192.4 mmol/(g·h)for Ni/CeO_(2))and a light-to-fuel efficiency of 21.8%(vs 13.8%for Ni/CeO_(2)).This work provides insights for designing graphite-semiconductor interfaces to advance photothermal catalytic efficiency.
文摘The stability of acid-crude oil emulsion poses manifold issues in the oil industry.Experimentally evaluating this phenomenon may be costly and time-consuming.In contrast,machine learning models have proven effective in predicting and evaluating various phenomena.This research is the first of its kind to assess the stability of acid-crude oil emulsion,employing various classification machine learning models.For this purpose,a data set consisting of 249 experimental data points belonging to 11 different crude oil samples was collected.Three tree-based models,namely decision tree(DT),random forest(RF),and categorical boosting(CatBoost),as well as three artificial neural network models,namely radial basis function(RBF),multi-layer perceptron(MLP) and convolutional neural network(CNN),were developed based on the properties of crude oil,acid,and protective additive.The CatBoost model obtained the highest accuracy with 0.9687,followed closely by the CNN model with 0.9673.In addition,confusion matrix findings showed the superiority of the CatBoost model.Finally,by applying the SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP) method to analyze the impact of input parameters,it was found that the crude oil viscosity has the most significant effect on the model's output with the mean absolute SHAP value of 0.88.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278027)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2232013)。
文摘Practical application of carvacrol in different fields including foods and biopesticides has been limited due to its instability and water insolubility.In this work,carvacrol encapsulated Pickering emulsion is developed by using polymeric Janus nanoparticles as the stabilizer.To achieve this,dumbbell-shaped polymeric nanoparticles composed of two spheres of shellac and polylactic acid(PLA)are firstly prepared via co-precipitation in a rotating packed bed reactor,followed by grafting of chitooligosaccharides(COS)onto shellac to synthesis amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles(PLA/shellac-COS).Pickering emulsions with typical oil-in-water,bi-continuous structure and water-in-oil characteristics are produced by configuring carvacrol emulsions with different oil-to-water ratios.The stability of emulsions with 5%carvacrol content stabilized by 0.5% PLA/shellac-COS nanoparticles were more stable when compared to those prepared by shellac nanoparticles and PLA/shellac nanoparticles.After stored for one month,the carvacrol encapsulated Pickering emulsions maintained a high zeta potential of-43.8 mV,with no significant changes in particle size.These preliminary studies illustrated that polymeric Janus nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation in a rotating packed bed are promising particles for Pickering emulsions and related work in the future.
