This paper focuses on the direct current-alternating current （DC-AC） interfaced microsource based H∞ robust control strategies in microgrids. It presents detail of a DC-AC interfaced microsource model which is conn...This paper focuses on the direct current-alternating current （DC-AC） interfaced microsource based H∞ robust control strategies in microgrids. It presents detail of a DC-AC interfaced microsource model which is connected to the power grid through a controllable switch. A double loop current-regulated voltage control scheme for the DC-AC interface is designed. In the case of the load disturbance and the model uncertainties, the inner voltage and current loop are produced based on the H∞ robust control strategies. The outer power loop uses the droop characteristic controller. Finally, the scheme is simulated using the Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results demonstrate that DC-AC interfaced microsource system can supply high quality power. Also, the proposed control scheme can make the system switch smoothly between the isolated mode and grid-connected mode. 更多展开更多
The coupling between open channel-based microchip electrophoresis and mass spectrometry via electrostatic spray ionization is proposed for in situ detection of fractionated analytes. Electrophoretic separation is perf...The coupling between open channel-based microchip electrophoresis and mass spectrometry via electrostatic spray ionization is proposed for in situ detection of fractionated analytes. Electrophoretic separation is performed in an open channel fabricated in a plastic substrate. The solvent of background electrolyte is evaporated from the open channel because of Joule heating during electrophoresis, leaving the dried electrophoretic bands to be directly analyzed by mass spectrometry via scanning electrostatic spray ionization. Proof-of-concept results are obtained with fluorescent dyes and antibiotics as the test samples, demonstrating an efficient on-chip detection platform based on the electrophoresis and electrostatic spray ionization mass spectrometry.展开更多
A multiple-time-scale algorithm is developed to numerically simulate certain structural components in civil structures where local defects inevitably exist. Spatially, the size of local defects is relatively small com...A multiple-time-scale algorithm is developed to numerically simulate certain structural components in civil structures where local defects inevitably exist. Spatially, the size of local defects is relatively small compared to the structural scale. Different length scales should be adopted considering the efficiency and computational cost. In the principle of physics, different length scales are stipulated to correspond to different time scales. This concept lays the foundation of the framework for this multiple-time-scale algorithm. A multiple-time-scale algorithm, which involves different time steps for different regions, while enforcing the compatibility of displacement, force and stress fields across the interface, is proposed. Furthermore, a defected beam component is studied as a numerical sample. The structural component is divided into two regions： a coarse one and a fine one; a micro-defect exists in the fine region and the finite element sizes of the two regions are diametrically different. Correspondingly, two different time steps are adopted. With dynamic load applied to the beam, stress and displacement distribution of the defected beam is investigated from the global and local perspectives. The numerical sample reflects that the proposed algorithm is physically rational and computationally efficient in the potential damage simulation of civil structures.展开更多
Sluggish kinetics of lithium/sulfur(Li/S)conversion chemistry and the ion channels formation in the cathode is still a bottleneck for developing future Li/S batteries with high-rate,long-cycling and high-energy.Here,a...Sluggish kinetics of lithium/sulfur(Li/S)conversion chemistry and the ion channels formation in the cathode is still a bottleneck for developing future Li/S batteries with high-rate,long-cycling and high-energy.Here,a rational cathode structure design of an oxygen(O)and nitrogen(N)tailoring carbon fiber aerogel(OCNF)as a host material integrated with platinum(Pt)electrocatalysis interface is employed to regulate Li/S conversion chemistry and ion channel.The Pt nanoparticles were uniformly sprayed onto the S surface to construct the electrocatalysis interface(Pt/S/OCNF)for generating ion channels to promote the effective penetration of electrolyte into the cathode.This Pt/S/OCNF gives the cathode a high sulfur utilization of 77.5%,an excellent rate capacity of 813.2 m Ah/g(2 C),and an outstanding long-cycling performance with a capacitance retention of 82.6%and a decay of 0.086%per cycle after 200 cycles at 0.5 C.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the Pt electrocatalysis interface makes the cathode a high density of state(DOS)at Fermi level to facilitate the electrical conductivity,charge transfer kinetics and electrocatalysis to accelerate the lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)electrochemical conversion.Furthermore,the unique chemisorption structure and adsorption ability of Li2Sn(n=1,2,4,6,8)and S8on OCNF are attributed to the bridging effects of interfacial Pt and the bonding of N-Li.The Pt electrocatalysis interface combined with the unique 3D hierarchical porous structure and abundant functional active sites at OCNF guarantee strong adsorption confinement,fast Li/S electrocatalytic conversion and unblocked ion channels for electrolyte permeation in cathode.展开更多
The discovery of high temperature superconductivity in single unit cell(UC)FeSe on TiO2-δterminated perovskite SrTiO3(001)substrates[1]has attracted intensive attention on searching for new superconducting systems wi...The discovery of high temperature superconductivity in single unit cell(UC)FeSe on TiO2-δterminated perovskite SrTiO3(001)substrates[1]has attracted intensive attention on searching for new superconducting systems with engineered interfaces as well as understanding the mechanism of interface high temperature superconductivity.展开更多
Rapid advances in artificial intelligence,robotics,and remote healthcare have increased the demand for sustainable and highperformance wearable sensors.Triboelectric devices are gaining traction due to their self-powe...Rapid advances in artificial intelligence,robotics,and remote healthcare have increased the demand for sustainable and highperformance wearable sensors.Triboelectric devices are gaining traction due to their self-powered operation capability and potential as wearable energy harvesters.Skin-interfaced triboelectric sensors(SITSs)can detect various mechanical signals and monitor physiological signals in real-time.Biopolymer-based SITSs are ideal for skin-interfaced applications since they are biocompatible and biodegradable.This review focuses on the recent advancements of SITS made from biocompatible polymer materials,such as plant-based,animal-based,and synthetic polymers,and highlights their potential for various applications,including human–machine interface(HMI)and physiological sensing.In addition,the fundamentals,challenges,and prospects of SITS based on biocompatible polymers are discussed.展开更多
Selective reduction of CO_(2) into liquid products such as ethanol through electrochemical catalysis is promising in storing renewable energy in more deliverable chemicals and balancing the carbon footprint in the env...Selective reduction of CO_(2) into liquid products such as ethanol through electrochemical catalysis is promising in storing renewable energy in more deliverable chemicals and balancing the carbon footprint in the environment.However,the lack of efficient catalysts for electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)makes the promise challenging because the formation of C2+alcohols requires coupling reactions between the shallow reduction intermediates and deep reduction intermediates that are usually difficult to form on uniform catalyst surfaces simultaneously with appropriate transient kinetics.Herein,we report a new strategy for synthesizing bimetallic nanostructures with high densities of interfaced Ag/Cu boundaries,which facilitate the coupling reaction of the high‐oxidation‐number intermediates(CO)formed on the Ag surface and the low‐oxidation‐number intermediates(CHx)formed on the Cu surface.The synthesis relies on the electrochemical reduction of bilayered nanoplates made of silver thiolate and copper thiolate,resulting in Ag/Cu nanostructures exposing Ag surface,Cu surface,and the Ag/Cu interfaced boundaries.Balancing the accessible surface areas of the Ag surface,Cu surface,and Ag/Cu boundaries is beneficial for maximizing the activity and selectivity of eCO_(2)RR towards ethanol production.Faradaic efficiency of forming ethanol has been observed as high as about 50%using the Ag/Cu nanostructure catalyst with molar ratio nAg:nCu of 1:1.Moreover,the promoted coupling reaction at the Ag/Cu boundaries and surface modification with thiolate anions significantly suppress the undesirable hydrogen evolution reaction,particularly at high cathodic potentials,maintaining high energy efficiency for eCO_(2)RR.展开更多
Biomass-derived carbon materials are favored for their abundance and sustainability,and ease of preparation and modification.By surface activation and modification they can have a good electrical conductivity,excellen...Biomass-derived carbon materials are favored for their abundance and sustainability,and ease of preparation and modification.By surface activation and modification they can have a good electrical conductivity,excellent catalytic activity,a remarkable adsorption capacity,and different interfacial physicochemical functionalities.Surface-modified biochars have found wide applications in energy storage,environmental remediation,and catalysis.However,achieving precise and controllable modification of their active sites remains a challenge.Recent advances and future prospects for controlling their surface morphology,defect engineering,and surface coating strategies,with particular attention to their means of fabrication,are reviewed.展开更多
A multi-physics approach was used to quantify the effect of process parameters (laser power, scanning speed, hatch spacing, and scanning strategy) on the thermal history and corresponding microstructure evolution of T...A multi-physics approach was used to quantify the effect of process parameters (laser power, scanning speed, hatch spacing, and scanning strategy) on the thermal history and corresponding microstructure evolution of Ti-25Nb (at%) alloy during the dual-track selective laser melting (SLM) process. Simulation results reveal that during the dual-track SLM process, increasing laser power results in greater thermal accumulation, leading to a molten pool of larger volume and coarser grains. Reducing scanning speed enhances remelting and promotes cellular growth at the top of molten pool, whereas faster scanning speed leads to rougher melt tracks and finer grains. Notably, hatch spacing significantly influences the molten pool dimensions and microstructures, and smaller hatch spacing promotes remelting. Furthermore, the orientations of grains in the second track during zigzag scanning differ markedly from those in the first track. More importantly, compared with those after the first track, both the temperature gradient and cooling rate at the boundaries of remelting molten pool are reduced after the second track scanning, resulting in slower interface velocity and significant change in solidification microstructure. This research provides a theoretical foundation for controlling non-equilibrium microstructure and offering novel insights into the optimization of SLM process parameters of titanium alloys.展开更多
Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is an effective approach to directly convert solar energy into clean hydrogen fuel.As a visible-light-responsive p-type semiconductor,CuBi_(2)O_(4)possesses a suitable bandgap ...Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is an effective approach to directly convert solar energy into clean hydrogen fuel.As a visible-light-responsive p-type semiconductor,CuBi_(2)O_(4)possesses a suitable bandgap and good stability.However,its performance is inhibited by high interfacial resistance and severe charge carrier recombination.In this study,a CuO interlayer was introduced between fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)and CuBi_(2)O_(4)to construct CuO/CuBi_(2)O_(4)photocathodes,aiming to improve interfacial charge transfer.The results showed that CuO/CuBi_(2)O_(4)-200 exhibited a photocurrent density of−1.71 mA/cm^(2)at 0 V vs.RHE,which was more than 3.5 times higher than that of bare CuBi_(2)O_(4).The incident photon-to-current efficiency(IPCE)at 365 nm was enhanced to~13%and the maximum applied bias photon-to-current efficiency(ABPE)reached 0.17%.Water splitting experiments revealed a hydrogen yield of 2.05μmol/cm^(2),significantly surpassing that of the unmodified photoelectrode.The enhanced PEC performance indicated that the CuO layer established a favorable band alignment,promoted hole transport toward the FTO substrate and effectively suppressed interfacial carrier recombination.This work demonstrated a simple and efficient interfacial engineering strategy,offering new insights and guidance for the design and development of high-performance semiconductor-based PEC photoelectrodes.展开更多
Neural machine interface technology is a pioneering approach that aims to address the complex challenges of neurological dysfunctions and disabilities resulting from conditions such as congenital disorders,traumatic i...Neural machine interface technology is a pioneering approach that aims to address the complex challenges of neurological dysfunctions and disabilities resulting from conditions such as congenital disorders,traumatic injuries,and neurological diseases.Neural machine interface technology establishes direct connections with the brain or peripheral nervous system to restore impaired motor,sensory,and cognitive functions,significantly improving patients'quality of life.This review analyzes the chronological development and integration of various neural machine interface technologies,including regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces,targeted muscle and sensory reinnervation,agonist–antagonist myoneural interfaces,and brain–machine interfaces.Recent advancements in flexible electronics and bioengineering have led to the development of more biocompatible and highresolution electrodes,which enhance the performance and longevity of neural machine interface technology.However,significant challenges remain,such as signal interference,fibrous tissue encapsulation,and the need for precise anatomical localization and reconstruction.The integration of advanced signal processing algorithms,particularly those utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning,has the potential to improve the accuracy and reliability of neural signal interpretation,which will make neural machine interface technologies more intuitive and effective.These technologies have broad,impactful clinical applications,ranging from motor restoration and sensory feedback in prosthetics to neurological disorder treatment and neurorehabilitation.This review suggests that multidisciplinary collaboration will play a critical role in advancing neural machine interface technologies by combining insights from biomedical engineering,clinical surgery,and neuroengineering to develop more sophisticated and reliable interfaces.By addressing existing limitations and exploring new technological frontiers,neural machine interface technologies have the potential to revolutionize neuroprosthetics and neurorehabilitation,promising enhanced mobility,independence,and quality of life for individuals with neurological impairments.By leveraging detailed anatomical knowledge and integrating cutting-edge neuroengineering principles,researchers and clinicians can push the boundaries of what is possible and create increasingly sophisticated and long-lasting prosthetic devices that provide sustained benefits for users.展开更多
With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable...With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable energy storage systems owing to their rapid charge-discharge capability,exceptional power density,and prolonged cycle life.The improvement of their overall performance fundamentally depends on the synergistic design of electrode materials and electrolyte systems,as well as the precise regulation of the electrode-electrolyte interface.This review focuses on the key components of supercapacitors,systematically reviewing the design strategies of high-performance electrode materials,outlining recent advances in novel electrolyte systems,and comprehensively discussing the critical roles of interfacial reinforcement and optimization in enhancing device energy density,power performance,and cycling stability.Furthermore,interfacial engineering strategies and innovations in device architecture are proposed to address interfacial degradation in flexible SCs under mechanical stress.Finally,key future research directions are highlighted,including the development of high-voltage and wide-temperature-range electrolyte systems and the integrated advancement of multiscale in situ characterization techniques and theoretical modeling.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance and innovative strategies for material design,contributing toward the realization of next-generation supercapacitors with enhanced energy density and reliability.展开更多
Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography...Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).展开更多
In view of the frequent deterioration of molten steel quality during the tundish filling process,the slag-steel-air interface behavior in a tundish,including liquid level fluctuation,slag eyes,slag entrapment and air ...In view of the frequent deterioration of molten steel quality during the tundish filling process,the slag-steel-air interface behavior in a tundish,including liquid level fluctuation,slag eyes,slag entrapment and air suction during the steady-state casting and filling process,was comparatively studied through physical modeling and mathematical simulation methods.During the filling process,the liquid surface forms a large-size slag eye under the impact of molten steel from a ladle shroud,which simultaneously results in a violent fluctuation of liquid level.Concurrently,the liquid flow entrains the air phase and the cover slag into the tundish impact zone,resulting in slag entrapment and air suction.At filling flow rates of 1.5Q,2.0Q,and 2.5Q(Q is the flow rate under steady-state casting),the amount of slag entrapped is 8.39×10^(-5),9.65×10^(-5),and 12.7×10^(-5)m^(3),respectively,while the volume of air aspirated is 0.84×10^(-4),1.47×10^(-4),and 2.01×10^(-4)m^(3),indicating that slag entrapment and air suction intensify with an increase in tundish filling flow rate.Flow field characterization identifies eddy currents in the impact zone as the primary driver of the above phenomena.Proper filling process parameters were proposed to improve the steel quality during the tundish filling.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices.Nevertheless,side reactions and dendrite growth on the zinc metal anode hinder their widespread applica...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices.Nevertheless,side reactions and dendrite growth on the zinc metal anode hinder their widespread application.In this study,hemin was employed as a multi-functional artificial interface for the first time to inhibit the disordered growth of zinc dendrites and mitigate side reactions.Theoretical calculations indicate that hemin is preferentially adsorbed onto the zinc anode,thus blocking the interaction between the active zinc anode and electrolyte.Compared with zinc foil,the Hemin@Zn anode demonstrates enhanced corrosion resistance,a decrease in hydrogen evolution,and more orderly deposition of zinc.As expected,the symmetric cell with Hemin@Zn anode can sustain up to 4000 h at 0.2 mA/cm^(2),0.2 mAh/cm^(2).Asymmetric Zn//Cu cells exhibit an average coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.72 % during 500 cycles.Moreover,the full cell Hemin@Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) delivers a superior capacity up to 367 m Ah/g and the discharge capacity retention reaches 124 mAh/g after 1200 cycles even at a current density of 5 A/g.This work provides a simple and effective method for constructing a robust artificial interface to promote the application of long-life AZIBs.展开更多
Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synerg...Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synergy effects of interface-accelerating desolvation and spatial confinement have been demonstrated as the essential causation of this counterintuitive experimental phenomenon.At the molecular level,the imide ring(-CO-NR-CO-,in which R represents the phenyl)groups in an artificially introduced polyimide(PI)interlayer facilitate the strong electrostatic affinity towards Mg^(2+),which accelerates the desolvation process for Mg^(2+)solvation structures at the inner Helmholtz plane.At the nucleation scale,the wedge-like concave geometry formed at the PI/current collector interface provides energetically favorable sites for Mg nucleation.This unique architecture reduces the critical nucleus size,thereby significantly lowering nucleation energy barriers.As a result,the satisfactory Coulombic efficiency for Mg plating/stripping(98.22%)and cycle lifespan(1200 cycles,above 100 days)have been achieved,outperforming most of the previous results.This work pioneers a molecular-level understanding of separator-directed Mg deposition and resolves a long-standing confusion in Mg-metal batteries.展开更多
The escalating global issues of water scarcity and pollution emphasize the critical need for the rapid development of efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies.Photoelectrocatalytic technology has emerge...The escalating global issues of water scarcity and pollution emphasize the critical need for the rapid development of efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies.Photoelectrocatalytic technology has emerged as a promising solution for effectively degrading refractory organic pollutants in water under light conditions.This review delves into the advancements made in the field,focusing on strategies to enhance the generation of active species by modulating the micro-interface of the photoanode.Strategies,such as morphological control,element doping,introduction of surface oxygen vacancies,and construction of heterostructures,significantly improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and the generation of active species,thereby boosting the efficiency of photoelectrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the review explores the potential applications of photoelectrocatalytic technology in organic pollutant degradation in solutions.It also outlines the current challenges and future development directions.Despite its remarkable laboratory success,practical implementation of photoelectrocatalytic technology encounters obstacles related to stability,cost-effectiveness,and operational efficiency.Future investigations need to focus on optimizing the performance of photoelectrocatalytic materials and exploring strategies for upscaling their application in real water treatment scenarios.展开更多
Heterogeneous nucleation,characterized by its low nucleation barrier and controllable nucleation sites,has been widely employed to manipulate the microstructures and properties of metallic materials.In recent years,th...Heterogeneous nucleation,characterized by its low nucleation barrier and controllable nucleation sites,has been widely employed to manipulate the microstructures and properties of metallic materials.In recent years,the dispersion of inclusions,carbides,and microstructure refinement in steel have emerged as one of the key research directions in the development of high-quality steel.The current research status regarding the regulation of inclusions,carbides,and microstructures in steel through heterogeneous nucleation are reviewed.The key points and challenges in refining the second phase and microstructure in steel using inclusion particles are highlighted,aiming to provide inspiration and references for future scholars.Deoxidized inclusions,when refined and dispersed,exhibit favorable lattice matching with second phases(e.g.,nitrides,sulfides,carbides)in steel.This characteristic serves as the fundamental mechanism for achieving refinement of the second phase.Concurrently,the solid-solution alloying effect from deoxidizing metals contributes to second-phase refinement,an aspect that requires prioritized investigation.In addition to the single heterogeneous nucleation refinement effect,the two-stage heterogeneous nucleation refinement of the second phase and microstructure offers a new approach for follow-up research.Notably,second-phase particles added as heterogeneous nucleation sites via external addition often require surface modification to ensure their stable retention in steel at high temperatures,which remains a major challenge restricting the widespread application of this method.Currently,the explanation of heterogeneous nucleation phenomena primarily relies on empirical calculations of lattice mismatch between the substrate and the nucleating phase,which cannot fully elucidate the quantitative relationship on the interface between the substrate and the nucleation phase.On this basis,quantifying the electronic structure and nucleation barrier at the interface between the substrate and the nucleation phase is a critical direction worthy of increased attention in the future.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 51177142)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2012T50019 and 20110490210)Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.F2012203063)
文摘This paper focuses on the direct current-alternating current （DC-AC） interfaced microsource based H∞ robust control strategies in microgrids. It presents detail of a DC-AC interfaced microsource model which is connected to the power grid through a controllable switch. A double loop current-regulated voltage control scheme for the DC-AC interface is designed. In the case of the load disturbance and the model uncertainties, the inner voltage and current loop are produced based on the H∞ robust control strategies. The outer power loop uses the droop characteristic controller. Finally, the scheme is simulated using the Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results demonstrate that DC-AC interfaced microsource system can supply high quality power. Also, the proposed control scheme can make the system switch smoothly between the isolated mode and grid-connected mode. 更多
基金the Chinese Scholarship Council for financial support
文摘The coupling between open channel-based microchip electrophoresis and mass spectrometry via electrostatic spray ionization is proposed for in situ detection of fractionated analytes. Electrophoretic separation is performed in an open channel fabricated in a plastic substrate. The solvent of background electrolyte is evaporated from the open channel because of Joule heating during electrophoresis, leaving the dried electrophoretic bands to be directly analyzed by mass spectrometry via scanning electrostatic spray ionization. Proof-of-concept results are obtained with fluorescent dyes and antibiotics as the test samples, demonstrating an efficient on-chip detection platform based on the electrophoresis and electrostatic spray ionization mass spectrometry.
基金supports from NSFC(No.11302078)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2013M531139)Shanghai Postdoctoral Sustentation Fund(No.12R21412000)
文摘A multiple-time-scale algorithm is developed to numerically simulate certain structural components in civil structures where local defects inevitably exist. Spatially, the size of local defects is relatively small compared to the structural scale. Different length scales should be adopted considering the efficiency and computational cost. In the principle of physics, different length scales are stipulated to correspond to different time scales. This concept lays the foundation of the framework for this multiple-time-scale algorithm. A multiple-time-scale algorithm, which involves different time steps for different regions, while enforcing the compatibility of displacement, force and stress fields across the interface, is proposed. Furthermore, a defected beam component is studied as a numerical sample. The structural component is divided into two regions： a coarse one and a fine one; a micro-defect exists in the fine region and the finite element sizes of the two regions are diametrically different. Correspondingly, two different time steps are adopted. With dynamic load applied to the beam, stress and displacement distribution of the defected beam is investigated from the global and local perspectives. The numerical sample reflects that the proposed algorithm is physically rational and computationally efficient in the potential damage simulation of civil structures.
基金funding support from National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFB0100100)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21961024,21961025,21433013,U1832218)+5 种基金Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation(No.2018JQ05)Supported by Incentive Funding from Nano Innovation Institute(NII)of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities(IMUN)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Funding Project for Science&Technology Achievement Transformation(No.CGZH2018156)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Incentive Funding Guided Project for Science&Technology Innovation(2016)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science&Technology Planning Project for Applied Technology Research and Development(No.2019GG261)Tongliao Funding Project for Application Technology Research&Development(2017)。
文摘Sluggish kinetics of lithium/sulfur(Li/S)conversion chemistry and the ion channels formation in the cathode is still a bottleneck for developing future Li/S batteries with high-rate,long-cycling and high-energy.Here,a rational cathode structure design of an oxygen(O)and nitrogen(N)tailoring carbon fiber aerogel(OCNF)as a host material integrated with platinum(Pt)electrocatalysis interface is employed to regulate Li/S conversion chemistry and ion channel.The Pt nanoparticles were uniformly sprayed onto the S surface to construct the electrocatalysis interface(Pt/S/OCNF)for generating ion channels to promote the effective penetration of electrolyte into the cathode.This Pt/S/OCNF gives the cathode a high sulfur utilization of 77.5%,an excellent rate capacity of 813.2 m Ah/g(2 C),and an outstanding long-cycling performance with a capacitance retention of 82.6%and a decay of 0.086%per cycle after 200 cycles at 0.5 C.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the Pt electrocatalysis interface makes the cathode a high density of state(DOS)at Fermi level to facilitate the electrical conductivity,charge transfer kinetics and electrocatalysis to accelerate the lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)electrochemical conversion.Furthermore,the unique chemisorption structure and adsorption ability of Li2Sn(n=1,2,4,6,8)and S8on OCNF are attributed to the bridging effects of interfacial Pt and the bonding of N-Li.The Pt electrocatalysis interface combined with the unique 3D hierarchical porous structure and abundant functional active sites at OCNF guarantee strong adsorption confinement,fast Li/S electrocatalytic conversion and unblocked ion channels for electrolyte permeation in cathode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11574174, 11774193, 11790311, 11404183, 51522212, 51421002, and 51672307)the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB921000 and 2014CB921002)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB07030200)
文摘The discovery of high temperature superconductivity in single unit cell(UC)FeSe on TiO2-δterminated perovskite SrTiO3(001)substrates[1]has attracted intensive attention on searching for new superconducting systems with engineered interfaces as well as understanding the mechanism of interface high temperature superconductivity.
文摘Rapid advances in artificial intelligence,robotics,and remote healthcare have increased the demand for sustainable and highperformance wearable sensors.Triboelectric devices are gaining traction due to their self-powered operation capability and potential as wearable energy harvesters.Skin-interfaced triboelectric sensors(SITSs)can detect various mechanical signals and monitor physiological signals in real-time.Biopolymer-based SITSs are ideal for skin-interfaced applications since they are biocompatible and biodegradable.This review focuses on the recent advancements of SITS made from biocompatible polymer materials,such as plant-based,animal-based,and synthetic polymers,and highlights their potential for various applications,including human–machine interface(HMI)and physiological sensing.In addition,the fundamentals,challenges,and prospects of SITS based on biocompatible polymers are discussed.
文摘Selective reduction of CO_(2) into liquid products such as ethanol through electrochemical catalysis is promising in storing renewable energy in more deliverable chemicals and balancing the carbon footprint in the environment.However,the lack of efficient catalysts for electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR)makes the promise challenging because the formation of C2+alcohols requires coupling reactions between the shallow reduction intermediates and deep reduction intermediates that are usually difficult to form on uniform catalyst surfaces simultaneously with appropriate transient kinetics.Herein,we report a new strategy for synthesizing bimetallic nanostructures with high densities of interfaced Ag/Cu boundaries,which facilitate the coupling reaction of the high‐oxidation‐number intermediates(CO)formed on the Ag surface and the low‐oxidation‐number intermediates(CHx)formed on the Cu surface.The synthesis relies on the electrochemical reduction of bilayered nanoplates made of silver thiolate and copper thiolate,resulting in Ag/Cu nanostructures exposing Ag surface,Cu surface,and the Ag/Cu interfaced boundaries.Balancing the accessible surface areas of the Ag surface,Cu surface,and Ag/Cu boundaries is beneficial for maximizing the activity and selectivity of eCO_(2)RR towards ethanol production.Faradaic efficiency of forming ethanol has been observed as high as about 50%using the Ag/Cu nanostructure catalyst with molar ratio nAg:nCu of 1:1.Moreover,the promoted coupling reaction at the Ag/Cu boundaries and surface modification with thiolate anions significantly suppress the undesirable hydrogen evolution reaction,particularly at high cathodic potentials,maintaining high energy efficiency for eCO_(2)RR.
文摘Biomass-derived carbon materials are favored for their abundance and sustainability,and ease of preparation and modification.By surface activation and modification they can have a good electrical conductivity,excellent catalytic activity,a remarkable adsorption capacity,and different interfacial physicochemical functionalities.Surface-modified biochars have found wide applications in energy storage,environmental remediation,and catalysis.However,achieving precise and controllable modification of their active sites remains a challenge.Recent advances and future prospects for controlling their surface morphology,defect engineering,and surface coating strategies,with particular attention to their means of fabrication,are reviewed.
基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515011873)Shenzhen Basic Research Project (JCYJ20241202123504007)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (KJZD20240903101400001, KJZD20240903102006009)。
文摘A multi-physics approach was used to quantify the effect of process parameters (laser power, scanning speed, hatch spacing, and scanning strategy) on the thermal history and corresponding microstructure evolution of Ti-25Nb (at%) alloy during the dual-track selective laser melting (SLM) process. Simulation results reveal that during the dual-track SLM process, increasing laser power results in greater thermal accumulation, leading to a molten pool of larger volume and coarser grains. Reducing scanning speed enhances remelting and promotes cellular growth at the top of molten pool, whereas faster scanning speed leads to rougher melt tracks and finer grains. Notably, hatch spacing significantly influences the molten pool dimensions and microstructures, and smaller hatch spacing promotes remelting. Furthermore, the orientations of grains in the second track during zigzag scanning differ markedly from those in the first track. More importantly, compared with those after the first track, both the temperature gradient and cooling rate at the boundaries of remelting molten pool are reduced after the second track scanning, resulting in slower interface velocity and significant change in solidification microstructure. This research provides a theoretical foundation for controlling non-equilibrium microstructure and offering novel insights into the optimization of SLM process parameters of titanium alloys.
基金Supported by Educational Department(JYTMS20230310)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2024-MS-215)。
文摘Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is an effective approach to directly convert solar energy into clean hydrogen fuel.As a visible-light-responsive p-type semiconductor,CuBi_(2)O_(4)possesses a suitable bandgap and good stability.However,its performance is inhibited by high interfacial resistance and severe charge carrier recombination.In this study,a CuO interlayer was introduced between fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)and CuBi_(2)O_(4)to construct CuO/CuBi_(2)O_(4)photocathodes,aiming to improve interfacial charge transfer.The results showed that CuO/CuBi_(2)O_(4)-200 exhibited a photocurrent density of−1.71 mA/cm^(2)at 0 V vs.RHE,which was more than 3.5 times higher than that of bare CuBi_(2)O_(4).The incident photon-to-current efficiency(IPCE)at 365 nm was enhanced to~13%and the maximum applied bias photon-to-current efficiency(ABPE)reached 0.17%.Water splitting experiments revealed a hydrogen yield of 2.05μmol/cm^(2),significantly surpassing that of the unmodified photoelectrode.The enhanced PEC performance indicated that the CuO layer established a favorable band alignment,promoted hole transport toward the FTO substrate and effectively suppressed interfacial carrier recombination.This work demonstrated a simple and efficient interfacial engineering strategy,offering new insights and guidance for the design and development of high-performance semiconductor-based PEC photoelectrodes.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81927804(to GL),82260456(to LY),U21A20479(to LY)Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen,No.JCYJ20230807140559047(to LY)+3 种基金Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,No.2020B0909020004(to GL)Guangdong Basic and Applied Research Foundation,No.2023A1515011478(to LY)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province,No.2022A0505090007(to GL)Ministry of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,No.QN2022032013L(to LY)。
文摘Neural machine interface technology is a pioneering approach that aims to address the complex challenges of neurological dysfunctions and disabilities resulting from conditions such as congenital disorders,traumatic injuries,and neurological diseases.Neural machine interface technology establishes direct connections with the brain or peripheral nervous system to restore impaired motor,sensory,and cognitive functions,significantly improving patients'quality of life.This review analyzes the chronological development and integration of various neural machine interface technologies,including regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces,targeted muscle and sensory reinnervation,agonist–antagonist myoneural interfaces,and brain–machine interfaces.Recent advancements in flexible electronics and bioengineering have led to the development of more biocompatible and highresolution electrodes,which enhance the performance and longevity of neural machine interface technology.However,significant challenges remain,such as signal interference,fibrous tissue encapsulation,and the need for precise anatomical localization and reconstruction.The integration of advanced signal processing algorithms,particularly those utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning,has the potential to improve the accuracy and reliability of neural signal interpretation,which will make neural machine interface technologies more intuitive and effective.These technologies have broad,impactful clinical applications,ranging from motor restoration and sensory feedback in prosthetics to neurological disorder treatment and neurorehabilitation.This review suggests that multidisciplinary collaboration will play a critical role in advancing neural machine interface technologies by combining insights from biomedical engineering,clinical surgery,and neuroengineering to develop more sophisticated and reliable interfaces.By addressing existing limitations and exploring new technological frontiers,neural machine interface technologies have the potential to revolutionize neuroprosthetics and neurorehabilitation,promising enhanced mobility,independence,and quality of life for individuals with neurological impairments.By leveraging detailed anatomical knowledge and integrating cutting-edge neuroengineering principles,researchers and clinicians can push the boundaries of what is possible and create increasingly sophisticated and long-lasting prosthetic devices that provide sustained benefits for users.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072208 and 52261160384)supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Number GZB20250057China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M770223).
文摘With the growing global energy demand and the pressing need for a clean energy transition,supercapacitors(SCs)have demonstrated significant application potential in electric vehicles,wearable electronics,and renewable energy storage systems owing to their rapid charge-discharge capability,exceptional power density,and prolonged cycle life.The improvement of their overall performance fundamentally depends on the synergistic design of electrode materials and electrolyte systems,as well as the precise regulation of the electrode-electrolyte interface.This review focuses on the key components of supercapacitors,systematically reviewing the design strategies of high-performance electrode materials,outlining recent advances in novel electrolyte systems,and comprehensively discussing the critical roles of interfacial reinforcement and optimization in enhancing device energy density,power performance,and cycling stability.Furthermore,interfacial engineering strategies and innovations in device architecture are proposed to address interfacial degradation in flexible SCs under mechanical stress.Finally,key future research directions are highlighted,including the development of high-voltage and wide-temperature-range electrolyte systems and the integrated advancement of multiscale in situ characterization techniques and theoretical modeling.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance and innovative strategies for material design,contributing toward the realization of next-generation supercapacitors with enhanced energy density and reliability.
文摘Invasive as well as non-invasive neurotechnologies conceptualized to interface the central and peripheral nervous system have been probed for the past decades,which refer to electroencephalography,electrocorticography and microelectrode arrays.The challenges of these mentioned approaches are characterized by the bandwidth of the spatiotemporal resolution,which in turn is essential for large-area neuron recordings(Abiri et al.,2019).
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51874033)to Prof.Hai-Yan Tang.
文摘In view of the frequent deterioration of molten steel quality during the tundish filling process,the slag-steel-air interface behavior in a tundish,including liquid level fluctuation,slag eyes,slag entrapment and air suction during the steady-state casting and filling process,was comparatively studied through physical modeling and mathematical simulation methods.During the filling process,the liquid surface forms a large-size slag eye under the impact of molten steel from a ladle shroud,which simultaneously results in a violent fluctuation of liquid level.Concurrently,the liquid flow entrains the air phase and the cover slag into the tundish impact zone,resulting in slag entrapment and air suction.At filling flow rates of 1.5Q,2.0Q,and 2.5Q(Q is the flow rate under steady-state casting),the amount of slag entrapped is 8.39×10^(-5),9.65×10^(-5),and 12.7×10^(-5)m^(3),respectively,while the volume of air aspirated is 0.84×10^(-4),1.47×10^(-4),and 2.01×10^(-4)m^(3),indicating that slag entrapment and air suction intensify with an increase in tundish filling flow rate.Flow field characterization identifies eddy currents in the impact zone as the primary driver of the above phenomena.Proper filling process parameters were proposed to improve the steel quality during the tundish filling.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52372188)Natural Science Foundation of Henan (Nos.242300421625,252300421333)+4 种基金CAS Henan Industrial Technology Innovation & Incubation Center (No.2024121)Key Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Henan Province (Nos.22A150042,23A150038,and 24A150019)2023 Introduction of studying abroad talent programthe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2019 M652546)Key Project of Science and Technology of Henan Province (No.252102240007)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising energy conversion and storage devices.Nevertheless,side reactions and dendrite growth on the zinc metal anode hinder their widespread application.In this study,hemin was employed as a multi-functional artificial interface for the first time to inhibit the disordered growth of zinc dendrites and mitigate side reactions.Theoretical calculations indicate that hemin is preferentially adsorbed onto the zinc anode,thus blocking the interaction between the active zinc anode and electrolyte.Compared with zinc foil,the Hemin@Zn anode demonstrates enhanced corrosion resistance,a decrease in hydrogen evolution,and more orderly deposition of zinc.As expected,the symmetric cell with Hemin@Zn anode can sustain up to 4000 h at 0.2 mA/cm^(2),0.2 mAh/cm^(2).Asymmetric Zn//Cu cells exhibit an average coulombic efficiency exceeding 99.72 % during 500 cycles.Moreover,the full cell Hemin@Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) delivers a superior capacity up to 367 m Ah/g and the discharge capacity retention reaches 124 mAh/g after 1200 cycles even at a current density of 5 A/g.This work provides a simple and effective method for constructing a robust artificial interface to promote the application of long-life AZIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279068,52374306)the Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(tsqn202408202)the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Open Project(QNESL OP202312)。
文摘Preferential magnesium(Mg)electrodeposition on separators is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in rechargeable Mg-metal batteries,posing a fundamental challenge to their development.In this work,the synergy effects of interface-accelerating desolvation and spatial confinement have been demonstrated as the essential causation of this counterintuitive experimental phenomenon.At the molecular level,the imide ring(-CO-NR-CO-,in which R represents the phenyl)groups in an artificially introduced polyimide(PI)interlayer facilitate the strong electrostatic affinity towards Mg^(2+),which accelerates the desolvation process for Mg^(2+)solvation structures at the inner Helmholtz plane.At the nucleation scale,the wedge-like concave geometry formed at the PI/current collector interface provides energetically favorable sites for Mg nucleation.This unique architecture reduces the critical nucleus size,thereby significantly lowering nucleation energy barriers.As a result,the satisfactory Coulombic efficiency for Mg plating/stripping(98.22%)and cycle lifespan(1200 cycles,above 100 days)have been achieved,outperforming most of the previous results.This work pioneers a molecular-level understanding of separator-directed Mg deposition and resolves a long-standing confusion in Mg-metal batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52100076)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2023MS064)。
文摘The escalating global issues of water scarcity and pollution emphasize the critical need for the rapid development of efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies.Photoelectrocatalytic technology has emerged as a promising solution for effectively degrading refractory organic pollutants in water under light conditions.This review delves into the advancements made in the field,focusing on strategies to enhance the generation of active species by modulating the micro-interface of the photoanode.Strategies,such as morphological control,element doping,introduction of surface oxygen vacancies,and construction of heterostructures,significantly improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and the generation of active species,thereby boosting the efficiency of photoelectrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the review explores the potential applications of photoelectrocatalytic technology in organic pollutant degradation in solutions.It also outlines the current challenges and future development directions.Despite its remarkable laboratory success,practical implementation of photoelectrocatalytic technology encounters obstacles related to stability,cost-effectiveness,and operational efficiency.Future investigations need to focus on optimizing the performance of photoelectrocatalytic materials and exploring strategies for upscaling their application in real water treatment scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52304358)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.YESS20230462).
文摘Heterogeneous nucleation,characterized by its low nucleation barrier and controllable nucleation sites,has been widely employed to manipulate the microstructures and properties of metallic materials.In recent years,the dispersion of inclusions,carbides,and microstructure refinement in steel have emerged as one of the key research directions in the development of high-quality steel.The current research status regarding the regulation of inclusions,carbides,and microstructures in steel through heterogeneous nucleation are reviewed.The key points and challenges in refining the second phase and microstructure in steel using inclusion particles are highlighted,aiming to provide inspiration and references for future scholars.Deoxidized inclusions,when refined and dispersed,exhibit favorable lattice matching with second phases(e.g.,nitrides,sulfides,carbides)in steel.This characteristic serves as the fundamental mechanism for achieving refinement of the second phase.Concurrently,the solid-solution alloying effect from deoxidizing metals contributes to second-phase refinement,an aspect that requires prioritized investigation.In addition to the single heterogeneous nucleation refinement effect,the two-stage heterogeneous nucleation refinement of the second phase and microstructure offers a new approach for follow-up research.Notably,second-phase particles added as heterogeneous nucleation sites via external addition often require surface modification to ensure their stable retention in steel at high temperatures,which remains a major challenge restricting the widespread application of this method.Currently,the explanation of heterogeneous nucleation phenomena primarily relies on empirical calculations of lattice mismatch between the substrate and the nucleating phase,which cannot fully elucidate the quantitative relationship on the interface between the substrate and the nucleation phase.On this basis,quantifying the electronic structure and nucleation barrier at the interface between the substrate and the nucleation phase is a critical direction worthy of increased attention in the future.
