The influence of active elements C and Hf on the interface reactions and wettability between a Ni3Albased superalloy and the ceramic mould material was studied by using a sessile drop experiment, The microstructure of...The influence of active elements C and Hf on the interface reactions and wettability between a Ni3Albased superalloy and the ceramic mould material was studied by using a sessile drop experiment, The microstructure of the alloy interface was investigated by scanning electron microscopy analysis and the phase identification was performed by X-ray diffraction analysis, The results show that interface reactions occur as C and Hf contents reach a critical value, The critical values for C and Hf to cause interface reactions are 0,12 wt% and 1,17 wt%, respectively, The reaction products contain HfO2 and 9Al2OH,Cr2O3, Adsorptions of Hf and interface reactions improve the wettability obviously,展开更多
Interface reaction (IR) is a frequently observed phenomenon in the study ofadvanced thin film materials. It is very important to study the reaction conditions at which IRhappens and then to suppress or make use of it,...Interface reaction (IR) is a frequently observed phenomenon in the study ofadvanced thin film materials. It is very important to study the reaction conditions at which IRhappens and then to suppress or make use of it, the necessary conditions, including boththermodynamical and dynamical conditions of IR were discussed in detail. IRs in various systems,including oxide/silicon, oxide/metal, metal/metal, metal/semiconductor andsemiconductor/semiconductor, were reviewed. Methods to suppress and make use of IR were alsointroduced.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM)methods have garnered considerable attention owing to their flexibility in fabricating complex parts with desirable mechanical properties.However,the poor surface quality of the resulting met...Additive manufacturing(AM)methods have garnered considerable attention owing to their flexibility in fabricating complex parts with desirable mechanical properties.However,the poor surface quality of the resulting metal parts remains a severe challenge for the applications.Here,a novel dual-additive synergy strategy is presented,which simultaneously enhances material removal efficiency and regulates electrode surface reactions during electrochemical polishing(ECP)of AM AlSi10Mg.Theoretical studies and experimental characterizations confirm that NaF promotes selective dissolution at the peaks,while glucose acts as a stabilizer for the surface valleys.This approach effectively facilitates the selective removal of surface protrusions,achieving a smoother and more uniform surface finish,resulting in a surface roughness reduction of approximately 86%,compared to a 63%reduction without additives.This study not only provides a new approach for optimizing surface quality of AM AlSi10Mg but also offers new insights into electrolyte design and the stabilization of metal anodes.展开更多
Mg batteries have high energy density,economic safety,and environmental friendliness.They show great potential as an ideal energy storage technology.This review summarizes the limitations of Mg batteries and explores ...Mg batteries have high energy density,economic safety,and environmental friendliness.They show great potential as an ideal energy storage technology.This review summarizes the limitations of Mg batteries and explores the complex reactions at the Mg anode/electrolyte interface.It focuses on critical issues such as the dissolution of Mg anodes,the evolution of hydrogen gas,the formation of a passivation layer that hinders Mg^(2+)migration,and dendrite growth.To address these interface problems,the review discusses strategies to improve interface reactions.These include the structural design of Mg anodes,suitable substitute materials for the anode,and artificial solid electrolyte interphase films.Finally,it outlines the future research directions for the ideal Mg anode interfaces.The goal is to develop more efficient interface design schemes and optimization strategies to advance Mg battery technology further.展开更多
Ta/NiFe film is deposited on Si substrate precoated with SiO_2 by magnetron sputtering.SiO_2/Ta interface and Ta_5Si_3 standard sample are investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and peak decompos...Ta/NiFe film is deposited on Si substrate precoated with SiO_2 by magnetron sputtering.SiO_2/Ta interface and Ta_5Si_3 standard sample are investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and peak decomposition technique.The results show that there is a thermodynamically favorable reaction at the SiO_2/Ta interface:37Ta+15SiO_2=5Ta_5Si_3+6Ta_2O_5.The more stable products Ta_5Si_3 and Ta_2O_5 may be beneficial to stop the diffusion of Cu into SiO_2.展开更多
T700/Al and M40/Al composites were fabricated by squeeze casting technology, and their interface and mechanical properties were investigated comparatively. The results showed that both of the composites were dense, an...T700/Al and M40/Al composites were fabricated by squeeze casting technology, and their interface and mechanical properties were investigated comparatively. The results showed that both of the composites were dense, and the fibers were distributed uniformly in aluminum matrix. Aluminum carbide （Al4C3） was observed on the interface of the two carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum （Cf/Al） composites. There was little Al4C3 with a length of 300-500 nm and a width of 30-60 nm in the M40/Al composite, whereas there was a great deal of Al4C3 with a length of 200-400 nm and a width of 100-200 nm in the T700/Al composite, due to a higher graphitization of M40Cf than T700Cf. The M40/Al composite showed a much higher tensile strength than the TT00/Al composite, and it was related to interracial bonding between carbon fibers and aluminum matrices.展开更多
The formation mechanism of calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate and the difference between calcium and manganese in the reaction with vanadium are basic issues in the calcification roasting and manganese roasting p...The formation mechanism of calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate and the difference between calcium and manganese in the reaction with vanadium are basic issues in the calcification roasting and manganese roasting process with vanadium slag.In this work,CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples were prepared and roasted for different time periods to illustrate and compare the diffusion reaction mechanisms.Then,the changes in the diffusion product and diffusion coefficient were investigated and calculated based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.Results show that with the extension of the roasting time,the diffusion reaction gradually proceeds among the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples.The regional boundaries of calcium and vanadium are easily identifiable for the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple.Meanwhile,for the MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple,MnO_(2) gradually decomposes to form Mn_(2)O_(3),and vanadium diffuses into the interior of Mn_(2)O_(3).Only a part of vanadium combines with manganese to form the diffusion production layer.CaV_(2)O_(6) and MnV_(2)O_(6) are the interfacial reaction products of the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples,respectively,whose thicknesses are 39.85 and 32.13μm when roasted for 16 h.After 16 h,both diffusion couples reach the reaction equilibrium due to the limitation of diffusion.The diffusion coefficient of the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple is higher than that of the MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple for the same roasting time,and the diffusion reaction between vanadium and calcium is easier than that between vanadium and manganese.展开更多
The deformation incompatibility of components is a bottleneck restricting the exaltation of the strength and ductility of composites.Herein,the coherent transition interface was designed and produced in hexagonal boro...The deformation incompatibility of components is a bottleneck restricting the exaltation of the strength and ductility of composites.Herein,the coherent transition interface was designed and produced in hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets(BNNSs)/Al composites by reaction sintering route,expecting to re-lieve the deformation incompatibility between BNNSs and Al.It is demonstrated that with the sintering temperature for composites raising from 600℃ to 650℃,700℃ and 750℃,different interface bonding characteristics,which involve nucleation and growth of AlN continuous nanolayer,were confirmed.Fur-thermore,first-principles calculations show that the generation of the coherent transition interface im-proved the interfacial bonding strength of BNNSs/Al composites through covalent bonds.The composites with coherent transition interface exhibit excellent strength-toughness combination in tensile and impact tests.The finite element simulation and in-situ approach under tensile tests were applied to investigate the influence of transition interface structure on deformation behavior of BNNSs/Al composite.It is found that the generation of the transition interface can not only weaken the stress partitioning behavior in the elastic stage,but also constrain the crack initiation and propagation behavior in the elastic-plastic stage and plastic stage,thereby improving the deformation compatibility between BNNSs and Al.The present work provides a novel view into the breakthrough for the trade-offrelationship of strength and ductility by coherent transition interface design in nanocomposites.展开更多
The interface reaction between the SiC particles （ SiCp ） and Fe was stndicd during sintering the SiCp reinforced Fe matrix composites at 1423 K for 1 h. In the composite having 3wt% （weight ratio） SiCp （the 3SiC...The interface reaction between the SiC particles （ SiCp ） and Fe was stndicd during sintering the SiCp reinforced Fe matrix composites at 1423 K for 1 h. In the composite having 3wt% （weight ratio） SiCp （the 3SiCp/ Fe composite）, the interface reaction products of Fe3 Si, the carbon precipitates, and Fe3 C or pearlite were generated. Fe3 Si coustructs the bright matrix of the reaction zone in the original situation of the SiCp. The carbon precipitates are randondy embedded in the reaction zone. Fe3 C or pearlite exists at the grain boundaries of the Fe matrix. As increasing the SiCp concentration in the SiCp/ Fe composite, the inteusity of the interface reaction between SiCp and Fe iacreases. After the 10SiCp/ Fe composite （ having 10wt .% SiCp ） sintered at 1423 K for 1 h, all of SiCp are decomposed, and replaced by the reaction zone composed of Fe3 Si and the carbon precipitates. No Fe3 C or pearlite was genertaed during the reaction. The effects of the techniques of oxidizing of SiCp , coating SiCp by interaction with the Cr powder, and alloying the Fe matrix by adding the Cr element on the interface stability of the SiCp/ Fe composite system were also investigated, respectitely. The oxide membrane and the coating layer on SiCp can inhibit the interface reaction between SiCp and Fe by isolating SiCp from the Fe matrix during sintering. The interface reaction does not occur in the 3 SiCp/ Fe- 10 Cr composite but in the 3 SiCp/ Fe-5 Cr composite. In the SiCp/ Fe-Cr alloy composites, the interface reaction between SiCp and the Fe- Cr alloys is weaker than that between SiCp and Fe . The Cr element behaves as a diluent, it causes a redaction in the interface reaction, which is proportional to the amount of the element added.展开更多
The ceramic filter in continuous casting tundish can effectively improve the cleanliness of high-performance steel by regulating tundish flow field to promote the removal of inclusions and adsorbing or blocking fine i...The ceramic filter in continuous casting tundish can effectively improve the cleanliness of high-performance steel by regulating tundish flow field to promote the removal of inclusions and adsorbing or blocking fine inclusions in the molten steel into the mold.The interaction between microporous magnesia refractories used as tundish filter and molten interstitial-free(IF)steel at 1873 K was investigated to reveal the formation mechanism of their interface layer and its effect on steel cleanliness by laboratory research and thermodynamic calculations.The results show that the magnesium–aluminum spinel layer at the interface between the molten IF steel and the microporous magnesia refractories is formed mainly by the reaction of MgO in the refractory with the[Al]and[O]in the molten steel,significantly reducing the total O content,the size and amount of inclusions of the molten steel.In addition,the interparticle phases of microporous magnesia refractories at high temperature can adsorb Al_(2)O_(3) and TiO_(2) inclusions in the molten steel into interparticle channels of the refractories to form high melting point spinel,impeding the further penetration of the molten steel.As a result,the consecutive interface layer of high melting point spinel between microporous magnesia refractories and molten steel can improve the cleanliness of the molten steel by adsorbing inclusions in the molten steel and avoid the direct dissolution of refractories of the tundish ceramic filter immersed in the molten steel,increasing their service life.展开更多
Based on the diffusion channel,the influence of Si content on the microstructure evolution of iron-based hot-dip Al-χSi coating was analyzed(χ=0,1.5 wt%,3.0 wt% and 7.0 wt%).The results show that the introduction of...Based on the diffusion channel,the influence of Si content on the microstructure evolution of iron-based hot-dip Al-χSi coating was analyzed(χ=0,1.5 wt%,3.0 wt% and 7.0 wt%).The results show that the introduction of Si makes the reaction interface change from the lingual-tooth interface of hot-dip Al to the flat interface of hot-dip Al-Si.It also reduces the thickness of the alloy layer in the coating,especially the Fe_(2)Al_(5) layer.When the Si content is 1.5 wt%or 3.0 wt%,the diffusion channel crosses the conjugate line of the two-phase region(FeAl_(3)+liquid phase)into the FeAl_(3) single-phase region,and then moves to the region with higher Si content.Next,the diffusion channel cuts off the conjugate line of FeAl_(3)phase,τ_(1)/τ_(9) phase,and Fe_(2)Al_(5)phase,which promotes the form ofτ_(1)/τ_(9) phase.The formedτ_(1)/τ_(9) phase inhibits the diffusion between Fe and Al atoms.When the Si content is 7.0 wt%,the diffusion channel passes through the two-phase region(liquid phase+τ_(5))and enters theτ_(5) single-phase region.The form ofτ_(5) single-phase region has a strong inhibitory effect on the interatomic diffusion of Fe and Al,thereby reducing the thickness of the coating,especially the Fe_(2)Al_(5)layer.展开更多
Interface reaction of SiC w/6061Al aluminium matrix composite subjected to laser welding was studied. It is pointed out that the main reason for bad weldability of the material is concerned with the interface reaction...Interface reaction of SiC w/6061Al aluminium matrix composite subjected to laser welding was studied. It is pointed out that the main reason for bad weldability of the material is concerned with the interface reaction during the welding. Effects of welding parameters on interface reaction were also investigated. The results show that the interface bonding state can be improved by laser beam, and the main welding parameter affecting the strength of weld is laser output power. The smaller the output power, the lower the extent of interface reaction and the better the mechanical properties.展开更多
A reaction interface between the aluminum and K_2ZrF_6 during molten salt reaction process was frozen by quenching the mold in water, and the interface structure was analyzed to determine the formation process of Al_3...A reaction interface between the aluminum and K_2ZrF_6 during molten salt reaction process was frozen by quenching the mold in water, and the interface structure was analyzed to determine the formation process of Al_3Zr. Results show that a clear conical interface existed between the K_2ZrF_6 and aluminum. A zirconium accumulation layer with the thickness of about 2–3 lm was formed at the aluminum side of the interface. Many initially formed Al_3Zr particles（with the size of 0.4–16 lm） distributed in this layer, most of which located at the interface. The morphology of Al_3Zr particles is closely related with their size. For the size of 0.4–1 lm, the Al_3Zr appeared as globular and ellipsoid shapes. When it grew to the size of 1–2 and 2–16 lm, it exhibited the rule cube shape, and rule cuboids shape, respectively.展开更多
This paper reports a template-free method to synthesize a series of inorganic hollow spheres（IHSs）including Cu-1,Cu-2,Ni-1,Ni-2 based on mineralization reactions at water/＂water-brother＂ interfaces. ＂Water-brothe...This paper reports a template-free method to synthesize a series of inorganic hollow spheres（IHSs）including Cu-1,Cu-2,Ni-1,Ni-2 based on mineralization reactions at water/＂water-brother＂ interfaces. ＂Water-brother＂ was defined as a solvent which is miscible with water,such as ethanol and acetone. The water/＂water-brother＂ interfaces are very different from water/oil interfaces. The ＂water-brother＂ solvent will usually form a homogenous phase with water. Interestingly,in our method,these interfaces can be formed,observed and utilized to synthesize hollow spheres. Utilizing the unique porous properties of the spheres,their potential application in water treatment was demonstrated by using Cu-1 IHSs as Fenton-like reagents for adsorption and decomposition of Congo Red from aqueous solution. The final adsorption equilibrium was achieved after 30 min with the maximum adsorption capacity of 86.1 mg/g,and 97.3% removal of the dye in 80 min after adsorption equilibrium. The IHSs can be reused as least 5 times after treatment by Na OH.This method is facile and suitable for large-scale production,and shows great potential for watertreatment. 更多展开更多
In the present study, Ti-45Al-(6, 7, 8)Nb(at%) and Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.5(Mn, Si, Y, B) alloys were prepared by arc melting and casting into Zr O2(Y2O3 stabilized) ceramic moulds to study the effect of alloying elements Nb a...In the present study, Ti-45Al-(6, 7, 8)Nb(at%) and Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.5(Mn, Si, Y, B) alloys were prepared by arc melting and casting into Zr O2(Y2O3 stabilized) ceramic moulds to study the effect of alloying elements Nb and Mn, Si, Y, B on the interfacial reaction between casting Ti Al alloys and ceramic moulds by SEM, and the elements' distribution in the interface reaction layer by line scanning. The results showed that with an increase in Nb content, the interfacial reaction weakened and the thickness of the reaction layer decreased gradually. The interface reaction thickness of the alloys with Nb content of 6, 7, 8at% were 60, 34 and 26 μm, respectively. Clearly, the addition of 8at% Nb to Ti-45 Al is the best for the thickness of the reaction layer. The addition of Nb would form a Nb-rich film in the reaction layer, which could reduce the solubility of oxygen in the interface, and suppress further diffusion of oxygen to the matrix. If the same content of Mn, Si, Y, or B alloying elements were added respectively to Ti-45Al-8Nb, the thickness of the interface reaction layer from large to small was as follows: Mn>Si>Y>B. The interface reaction thickness increased after 0.5at% Mn added, had no obvious change after 0.5at% Si addition, and decreased after adding 0.5at% Y or B. The introduced elements, which formed a protective film or/and promoted the formation of a dense aluminum oxide layer, would be of benefit to the resistance of interfacial reaction.展开更多
1.IntroductionRecently,progress of vapour phasegrowth of diamond fihn under non-equilib-rium reaction condition has shown theprospect of its commercial production in re-spect of effectiveness and economy.Theprocess pr...1.IntroductionRecently,progress of vapour phasegrowth of diamond fihn under non-equilib-rium reaction condition has shown theprospect of its commercial production in re-spect of effectiveness and economy.Theprocess proceeds in the thermodynamical展开更多
The structures of Ta/Ni81Fe19 and Ni81Fe19/Ta are commonly used in magnetoresistance multilayers. It is found that the thickness of dead layer in Ta/Ni81Fe19/Ta was about 1.6±0.2nm. X-ray photoelectron spectrosco...The structures of Ta/Ni81Fe19 and Ni81Fe19/Ta are commonly used in magnetoresistance multilayers. It is found that the thickness of dead layer in Ta/Ni81Fe19/Ta was about 1.6±0.2nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the interfaces of Ta/Ni81Fe19 and Ni81Fe19/Ta. The results show that there is a reaction at the two interfaces: 2Ta+Ni=NiTa2, which caused the thinning of the effective NiFe layer. Furthermore, this reaction could also explain the phenomenon that the dead layer thickness of spin valves multilayers prepared by MBE is thinner than those prepared by magnetron sputtering.展开更多
The microstructure,elemental distribution,phase composition,and thickness of intermetallic layers between high-strength low-alloy steel(H420)/mild carbon steel(DC51)and Al–43.4Zn–1.6Si(wt.%)(galvalume,GL)alloy were ...The microstructure,elemental distribution,phase composition,and thickness of intermetallic layers between high-strength low-alloy steel(H420)/mild carbon steel(DC51)and Al–43.4Zn–1.6Si(wt.%)(galvalume,GL)alloy were comparatively investigated.The experimental results reveal that the interfacial reaction layer was composed of Fe2Al5,Fe4Al13,and Al8Fe2Si intermetallic compounds.Moreover,the growth curves of the Fe2Al5 and Fe4Al13 intermetallic layers fit the parabolic law well,and the total thickness of the intermetallic layers of H420+GL was almost the same as that of DC51+GL.However,the thickness of the Fe2Al5 layer in H420+GL was thinner than that in DC51+GL.In addition,first-principle calculations were performed to explore the effect of Mn on the growth of the Fe2Al5 intermetallic phase,and the results indicate that Mn substitution in Fe2Al5 removes electronic charge from the Al atoms,thus decreasing the thickness of the Fe2Al5 interface layer.展开更多
The formation of SiC through the interface reaction between C60 and Si in a plasmaassisted chemical vapour deposition system （PACVD） is investigated with a C60 film previously deposited on Si wafers. The composition...The formation of SiC through the interface reaction between C60 and Si in a plasmaassisted chemical vapour deposition system （PACVD） is investigated with a C60 film previously deposited on Si wafers. The composition and structure of the deposited samples were characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results showed that SiC film was formed successfully in hydrogen plasma at a substrate temperature of 800℃ . The hydrogen atoms in plasma were found to enhance the production of SiC. Furthermore, the effects of the added CH4 on the formation of film were studied. Introduction of CH4 simultaneously with H2 at the beginning would suppress the formation of the initial layer of SiC due to a carbon-rich environment on the substrate, which would be disadvantageous to the further growth of the SiC film.展开更多
The effects of Ca, Al, and Ag on the anti-oxidation of Sn-9Zn-X solders and the interface reactions between the solders and Cu substrate were investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy （ AES ） and scanning electron...The effects of Ca, Al, and Ag on the anti-oxidation of Sn-9Zn-X solders and the interface reactions between the solders and Cu substrate were investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy （ AES ） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） analysis, respectively. The mechanism of improving the wettability of Sn-9Zn lead-free solder by adding Ca, Al, and Ag was also revealed. The AES analysis indicated that Al and Ga might enrich on the molten solder surface which resulted in improving the anti-oxidation of Sn-9Zn-O. O05Al and Sn-9Zn-O. 3Ga alloys. The addition of Ga reduced the apparent activation energy and promoted the interface reaction. With the addition of 0. 3 wt. % Ag, some scallop-like intermetallic compounds （IMCs） formed at the interface, according to the energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） analysis, these scallop-like IMCs might be the mixture of Ag-Zn and Cu-Sn compounds.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1037601 and 51271186)
文摘The influence of active elements C and Hf on the interface reactions and wettability between a Ni3Albased superalloy and the ceramic mould material was studied by using a sessile drop experiment, The microstructure of the alloy interface was investigated by scanning electron microscopy analysis and the phase identification was performed by X-ray diffraction analysis, The results show that interface reactions occur as C and Hf contents reach a critical value, The critical values for C and Hf to cause interface reactions are 0,12 wt% and 1,17 wt%, respectively, The reaction products contain HfO2 and 9Al2OH,Cr2O3, Adsorptions of Hf and interface reactions improve the wettability obviously,
基金This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No.50271007) and Beijing (No.2012011)
文摘Interface reaction (IR) is a frequently observed phenomenon in the study ofadvanced thin film materials. It is very important to study the reaction conditions at which IRhappens and then to suppress or make use of it, the necessary conditions, including boththermodynamical and dynamical conditions of IR were discussed in detail. IRs in various systems,including oxide/silicon, oxide/metal, metal/metal, metal/semiconductor andsemiconductor/semiconductor, were reviewed. Methods to suppress and make use of IR were alsointroduced.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52175444,51905506,21871065 and 22071038)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021JDJQ0014).
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM)methods have garnered considerable attention owing to their flexibility in fabricating complex parts with desirable mechanical properties.However,the poor surface quality of the resulting metal parts remains a severe challenge for the applications.Here,a novel dual-additive synergy strategy is presented,which simultaneously enhances material removal efficiency and regulates electrode surface reactions during electrochemical polishing(ECP)of AM AlSi10Mg.Theoretical studies and experimental characterizations confirm that NaF promotes selective dissolution at the peaks,while glucose acts as a stabilizer for the surface valleys.This approach effectively facilitates the selective removal of surface protrusions,achieving a smoother and more uniform surface finish,resulting in a surface roughness reduction of approximately 86%,compared to a 63%reduction without additives.This study not only provides a new approach for optimizing surface quality of AM AlSi10Mg but also offers new insights into electrolyte design and the stabilization of metal anodes.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52371095)Innovation Research Group of Universities in Chongqing(CXQT21030)+2 种基金Chongqing Overseas Chinese Entrepreneurship and Innovation Support Program(cx2023117)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0054,CSTB2024TIADCYKJCXX0001)Chongqing Youth Expert Studio。
文摘Mg batteries have high energy density,economic safety,and environmental friendliness.They show great potential as an ideal energy storage technology.This review summarizes the limitations of Mg batteries and explores the complex reactions at the Mg anode/electrolyte interface.It focuses on critical issues such as the dissolution of Mg anodes,the evolution of hydrogen gas,the formation of a passivation layer that hinders Mg^(2+)migration,and dendrite growth.To address these interface problems,the review discusses strategies to improve interface reactions.These include the structural design of Mg anodes,suitable substitute materials for the anode,and artificial solid electrolyte interphase films.Finally,it outlines the future research directions for the ideal Mg anode interfaces.The goal is to develop more efficient interface design schemes and optimization strategies to advance Mg battery technology further.
文摘Ta/NiFe film is deposited on Si substrate precoated with SiO_2 by magnetron sputtering.SiO_2/Ta interface and Ta_5Si_3 standard sample are investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and peak decomposition technique.The results show that there is a thermodynamically favorable reaction at the SiO_2/Ta interface:37Ta+15SiO_2=5Ta_5Si_3+6Ta_2O_5.The more stable products Ta_5Si_3 and Ta_2O_5 may be beneficial to stop the diffusion of Cu into SiO_2.
文摘T700/Al and M40/Al composites were fabricated by squeeze casting technology, and their interface and mechanical properties were investigated comparatively. The results showed that both of the composites were dense, and the fibers were distributed uniformly in aluminum matrix. Aluminum carbide （Al4C3） was observed on the interface of the two carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum （Cf/Al） composites. There was little Al4C3 with a length of 300-500 nm and a width of 30-60 nm in the M40/Al composite, whereas there was a great deal of Al4C3 with a length of 200-400 nm and a width of 100-200 nm in the T700/Al composite, due to a higher graphitization of M40Cf than T700Cf. The M40/Al composite showed a much higher tensile strength than the TT00/Al composite, and it was related to interracial bonding between carbon fibers and aluminum matrices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174277 and 51874077)the Fundamental Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.N2225032)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720683)the Postdoctoral Fund of Northeastern University,China。
文摘The formation mechanism of calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate and the difference between calcium and manganese in the reaction with vanadium are basic issues in the calcification roasting and manganese roasting process with vanadium slag.In this work,CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples were prepared and roasted for different time periods to illustrate and compare the diffusion reaction mechanisms.Then,the changes in the diffusion product and diffusion coefficient were investigated and calculated based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.Results show that with the extension of the roasting time,the diffusion reaction gradually proceeds among the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples.The regional boundaries of calcium and vanadium are easily identifiable for the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple.Meanwhile,for the MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple,MnO_(2) gradually decomposes to form Mn_(2)O_(3),and vanadium diffuses into the interior of Mn_(2)O_(3).Only a part of vanadium combines with manganese to form the diffusion production layer.CaV_(2)O_(6) and MnV_(2)O_(6) are the interfacial reaction products of the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples,respectively,whose thicknesses are 39.85 and 32.13μm when roasted for 16 h.After 16 h,both diffusion couples reach the reaction equilibrium due to the limitation of diffusion.The diffusion coefficient of the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple is higher than that of the MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple for the same roasting time,and the diffusion reaction between vanadium and calcium is easier than that between vanadium and manganese.
基金This work was financially supported by the Chinese Na-tional Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52025015)the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation Nos.51771130,52071230 and 52101181)+2 种基金the Tianjin Youth Tal-ent Support Program,the Tianjin Natural Science Funds for Dis-tinguished Young Scholars(No.17JCJQJC44300)the Tianjin Sci-ence and Technology Support Project(No.17ZXCLGX00060)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Nos.2020M670648 and 2021T140505).
文摘The deformation incompatibility of components is a bottleneck restricting the exaltation of the strength and ductility of composites.Herein,the coherent transition interface was designed and produced in hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets(BNNSs)/Al composites by reaction sintering route,expecting to re-lieve the deformation incompatibility between BNNSs and Al.It is demonstrated that with the sintering temperature for composites raising from 600℃ to 650℃,700℃ and 750℃,different interface bonding characteristics,which involve nucleation and growth of AlN continuous nanolayer,were confirmed.Fur-thermore,first-principles calculations show that the generation of the coherent transition interface im-proved the interfacial bonding strength of BNNSs/Al composites through covalent bonds.The composites with coherent transition interface exhibit excellent strength-toughness combination in tensile and impact tests.The finite element simulation and in-situ approach under tensile tests were applied to investigate the influence of transition interface structure on deformation behavior of BNNSs/Al composite.It is found that the generation of the transition interface can not only weaken the stress partitioning behavior in the elastic stage,but also constrain the crack initiation and propagation behavior in the elastic-plastic stage and plastic stage,thereby improving the deformation compatibility between BNNSs and Al.The present work provides a novel view into the breakthrough for the trade-offrelationship of strength and ductility by coherent transition interface design in nanocomposites.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.050440704)
文摘The interface reaction between the SiC particles （ SiCp ） and Fe was stndicd during sintering the SiCp reinforced Fe matrix composites at 1423 K for 1 h. In the composite having 3wt% （weight ratio） SiCp （the 3SiCp/ Fe composite）, the interface reaction products of Fe3 Si, the carbon precipitates, and Fe3 C or pearlite were generated. Fe3 Si coustructs the bright matrix of the reaction zone in the original situation of the SiCp. The carbon precipitates are randondy embedded in the reaction zone. Fe3 C or pearlite exists at the grain boundaries of the Fe matrix. As increasing the SiCp concentration in the SiCp/ Fe composite, the inteusity of the interface reaction between SiCp and Fe iacreases. After the 10SiCp/ Fe composite （ having 10wt .% SiCp ） sintered at 1423 K for 1 h, all of SiCp are decomposed, and replaced by the reaction zone composed of Fe3 Si and the carbon precipitates. No Fe3 C or pearlite was genertaed during the reaction. The effects of the techniques of oxidizing of SiCp , coating SiCp by interaction with the Cr powder, and alloying the Fe matrix by adding the Cr element on the interface stability of the SiCp/ Fe composite system were also investigated, respectitely. The oxide membrane and the coating layer on SiCp can inhibit the interface reaction between SiCp and Fe by isolating SiCp from the Fe matrix during sintering. The interface reaction does not occur in the 3 SiCp/ Fe- 10 Cr composite but in the 3 SiCp/ Fe-5 Cr composite. In the SiCp/ Fe-Cr alloy composites, the interface reaction between SiCp and the Fe- Cr alloys is weaker than that between SiCp and Fe . The Cr element behaves as a diluent, it causes a redaction in the interface reaction, which is proportional to the amount of the element added.
基金The authors are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1860205 and 52174323)Innovation Team Cultivation Funding Project of Wuhan University of Science and Technology(2018TDX08).
文摘The ceramic filter in continuous casting tundish can effectively improve the cleanliness of high-performance steel by regulating tundish flow field to promote the removal of inclusions and adsorbing or blocking fine inclusions in the molten steel into the mold.The interaction between microporous magnesia refractories used as tundish filter and molten interstitial-free(IF)steel at 1873 K was investigated to reveal the formation mechanism of their interface layer and its effect on steel cleanliness by laboratory research and thermodynamic calculations.The results show that the magnesium–aluminum spinel layer at the interface between the molten IF steel and the microporous magnesia refractories is formed mainly by the reaction of MgO in the refractory with the[Al]and[O]in the molten steel,significantly reducing the total O content,the size and amount of inclusions of the molten steel.In addition,the interparticle phases of microporous magnesia refractories at high temperature can adsorb Al_(2)O_(3) and TiO_(2) inclusions in the molten steel into interparticle channels of the refractories to form high melting point spinel,impeding the further penetration of the molten steel.As a result,the consecutive interface layer of high melting point spinel between microporous magnesia refractories and molten steel can improve the cleanliness of the molten steel by adsorbing inclusions in the molten steel and avoid the direct dissolution of refractories of the tundish ceramic filter immersed in the molten steel,increasing their service life.
基金Projects(51971039,51671037)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(19KJA530001)supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Higher Education of Jiangsu,ChinaProject(KYCX21_2868)supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China。
文摘Based on the diffusion channel,the influence of Si content on the microstructure evolution of iron-based hot-dip Al-χSi coating was analyzed(χ=0,1.5 wt%,3.0 wt% and 7.0 wt%).The results show that the introduction of Si makes the reaction interface change from the lingual-tooth interface of hot-dip Al to the flat interface of hot-dip Al-Si.It also reduces the thickness of the alloy layer in the coating,especially the Fe_(2)Al_(5) layer.When the Si content is 1.5 wt%or 3.0 wt%,the diffusion channel crosses the conjugate line of the two-phase region(FeAl_(3)+liquid phase)into the FeAl_(3) single-phase region,and then moves to the region with higher Si content.Next,the diffusion channel cuts off the conjugate line of FeAl_(3)phase,τ_(1)/τ_(9) phase,and Fe_(2)Al_(5)phase,which promotes the form ofτ_(1)/τ_(9) phase.The formedτ_(1)/τ_(9) phase inhibits the diffusion between Fe and Al atoms.When the Si content is 7.0 wt%,the diffusion channel passes through the two-phase region(liquid phase+τ_(5))and enters theτ_(5) single-phase region.The form ofτ_(5) single-phase region has a strong inhibitory effect on the interatomic diffusion of Fe and Al,thereby reducing the thickness of the coating,especially the Fe_(2)Al_(5)layer.
文摘Interface reaction of SiC w/6061Al aluminium matrix composite subjected to laser welding was studied. It is pointed out that the main reason for bad weldability of the material is concerned with the interface reaction during the welding. Effects of welding parameters on interface reaction were also investigated. The results show that the interface bonding state can be improved by laser beam, and the main welding parameter affecting the strength of weld is laser output power. The smaller the output power, the lower the extent of interface reaction and the better the mechanical properties.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51204053,51374067&51674078)Central University Basic R&D Operating Expenses(Nos.N130409005,N130709001&N130209001)
文摘A reaction interface between the aluminum and K_2ZrF_6 during molten salt reaction process was frozen by quenching the mold in water, and the interface structure was analyzed to determine the formation process of Al_3Zr. Results show that a clear conical interface existed between the K_2ZrF_6 and aluminum. A zirconium accumulation layer with the thickness of about 2–3 lm was formed at the aluminum side of the interface. Many initially formed Al_3Zr particles（with the size of 0.4–16 lm） distributed in this layer, most of which located at the interface. The morphology of Al_3Zr particles is closely related with their size. For the size of 0.4–1 lm, the Al_3Zr appeared as globular and ellipsoid shapes. When it grew to the size of 1–2 and 2–16 lm, it exhibited the rule cube shape, and rule cuboids shape, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21273059,21528501,21511130060)the HIT Environment and Ecology Innovation Special Funds(No.HSCJ201617)
文摘This paper reports a template-free method to synthesize a series of inorganic hollow spheres（IHSs）including Cu-1,Cu-2,Ni-1,Ni-2 based on mineralization reactions at water/＂water-brother＂ interfaces. ＂Water-brother＂ was defined as a solvent which is miscible with water,such as ethanol and acetone. The water/＂water-brother＂ interfaces are very different from water/oil interfaces. The ＂water-brother＂ solvent will usually form a homogenous phase with water. Interestingly,in our method,these interfaces can be formed,observed and utilized to synthesize hollow spheres. Utilizing the unique porous properties of the spheres,their potential application in water treatment was demonstrated by using Cu-1 IHSs as Fenton-like reagents for adsorption and decomposition of Congo Red from aqueous solution. The final adsorption equilibrium was achieved after 30 min with the maximum adsorption capacity of 86.1 mg/g,and 97.3% removal of the dye in 80 min after adsorption equilibrium. The IHSs can be reused as least 5 times after treatment by Na OH.This method is facile and suitable for large-scale production,and shows great potential for watertreatment. 更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,No.2011CB605500)the"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"(FRF-MP-10-005B)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Contract No.51171015
文摘In the present study, Ti-45Al-(6, 7, 8)Nb(at%) and Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.5(Mn, Si, Y, B) alloys were prepared by arc melting and casting into Zr O2(Y2O3 stabilized) ceramic moulds to study the effect of alloying elements Nb and Mn, Si, Y, B on the interfacial reaction between casting Ti Al alloys and ceramic moulds by SEM, and the elements' distribution in the interface reaction layer by line scanning. The results showed that with an increase in Nb content, the interfacial reaction weakened and the thickness of the reaction layer decreased gradually. The interface reaction thickness of the alloys with Nb content of 6, 7, 8at% were 60, 34 and 26 μm, respectively. Clearly, the addition of 8at% Nb to Ti-45 Al is the best for the thickness of the reaction layer. The addition of Nb would form a Nb-rich film in the reaction layer, which could reduce the solubility of oxygen in the interface, and suppress further diffusion of oxygen to the matrix. If the same content of Mn, Si, Y, or B alloying elements were added respectively to Ti-45Al-8Nb, the thickness of the interface reaction layer from large to small was as follows: Mn>Si>Y>B. The interface reaction thickness increased after 0.5at% Mn added, had no obvious change after 0.5at% Si addition, and decreased after adding 0.5at% Y or B. The introduced elements, which formed a protective film or/and promoted the formation of a dense aluminum oxide layer, would be of benefit to the resistance of interfacial reaction.
文摘1.IntroductionRecently,progress of vapour phasegrowth of diamond fihn under non-equilib-rium reaction condition has shown theprospect of its commercial production in re-spect of effectiveness and economy.Theprocess proceeds in the thermodynamical
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(under Grant No.19890310).
文摘The structures of Ta/Ni81Fe19 and Ni81Fe19/Ta are commonly used in magnetoresistance multilayers. It is found that the thickness of dead layer in Ta/Ni81Fe19/Ta was about 1.6±0.2nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the interfaces of Ta/Ni81Fe19 and Ni81Fe19/Ta. The results show that there is a reaction at the two interfaces: 2Ta+Ni=NiTa2, which caused the thinning of the effective NiFe layer. Furthermore, this reaction could also explain the phenomenon that the dead layer thickness of spin valves multilayers prepared by MBE is thinner than those prepared by magnetron sputtering.
基金the support from Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai(Grant No.16ZR1412000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51674163 and 51104098)Guiyang Science and Technology Project(Grant No.20161001).
文摘The microstructure,elemental distribution,phase composition,and thickness of intermetallic layers between high-strength low-alloy steel(H420)/mild carbon steel(DC51)and Al–43.4Zn–1.6Si(wt.%)(galvalume,GL)alloy were comparatively investigated.The experimental results reveal that the interfacial reaction layer was composed of Fe2Al5,Fe4Al13,and Al8Fe2Si intermetallic compounds.Moreover,the growth curves of the Fe2Al5 and Fe4Al13 intermetallic layers fit the parabolic law well,and the total thickness of the intermetallic layers of H420+GL was almost the same as that of DC51+GL.However,the thickness of the Fe2Al5 layer in H420+GL was thinner than that in DC51+GL.In addition,first-principle calculations were performed to explore the effect of Mn on the growth of the Fe2Al5 intermetallic phase,and the results indicate that Mn substitution in Fe2Al5 removes electronic charge from the Al atoms,thus decreasing the thickness of the Fe2Al5 interface layer.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50472010,10635010)
文摘The formation of SiC through the interface reaction between C60 and Si in a plasmaassisted chemical vapour deposition system （PACVD） is investigated with a C60 film previously deposited on Si wafers. The composition and structure of the deposited samples were characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results showed that SiC film was formed successfully in hydrogen plasma at a substrate temperature of 800℃ . The hydrogen atoms in plasma were found to enhance the production of SiC. Furthermore, the effects of the added CH4 on the formation of film were studied. Introduction of CH4 simultaneously with H2 at the beginning would suppress the formation of the initial layer of SiC due to a carbon-rich environment on the substrate, which would be disadvantageous to the further growth of the SiC film.
文摘The effects of Ca, Al, and Ag on the anti-oxidation of Sn-9Zn-X solders and the interface reactions between the solders and Cu substrate were investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy （ AES ） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） analysis, respectively. The mechanism of improving the wettability of Sn-9Zn lead-free solder by adding Ca, Al, and Ag was also revealed. The AES analysis indicated that Al and Ga might enrich on the molten solder surface which resulted in improving the anti-oxidation of Sn-9Zn-O. O05Al and Sn-9Zn-O. 3Ga alloys. The addition of Ga reduced the apparent activation energy and promoted the interface reaction. With the addition of 0. 3 wt. % Ag, some scallop-like intermetallic compounds （IMCs） formed at the interface, according to the energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） analysis, these scallop-like IMCs might be the mixture of Ag-Zn and Cu-Sn compounds.
