The influence of active elements C and Hf on the interface reactions and wettability between a Ni3Albased superalloy and the ceramic mould material was studied by using a sessile drop experiment, The microstructure of...The influence of active elements C and Hf on the interface reactions and wettability between a Ni3Albased superalloy and the ceramic mould material was studied by using a sessile drop experiment, The microstructure of the alloy interface was investigated by scanning electron microscopy analysis and the phase identification was performed by X-ray diffraction analysis, The results show that interface reactions occur as C and Hf contents reach a critical value, The critical values for C and Hf to cause interface reactions are 0,12 wt% and 1,17 wt%, respectively, The reaction products contain HfO2 and 9Al2OH,Cr2O3, Adsorptions of Hf and interface reactions improve the wettability obviously,展开更多
Interface reaction (IR) is a frequently observed phenomenon in the study ofadvanced thin film materials. It is very important to study the reaction conditions at which IRhappens and then to suppress or make use of it,...Interface reaction (IR) is a frequently observed phenomenon in the study ofadvanced thin film materials. It is very important to study the reaction conditions at which IRhappens and then to suppress or make use of it, the necessary conditions, including boththermodynamical and dynamical conditions of IR were discussed in detail. IRs in various systems,including oxide/silicon, oxide/metal, metal/metal, metal/semiconductor andsemiconductor/semiconductor, were reviewed. Methods to suppress and make use of IR were alsointroduced.展开更多
Mg batteries have high energy density,economic safety,and environmental friendliness.They show great potential as an ideal energy storage technology.This review summarizes the limitations of Mg batteries and explores ...Mg batteries have high energy density,economic safety,and environmental friendliness.They show great potential as an ideal energy storage technology.This review summarizes the limitations of Mg batteries and explores the complex reactions at the Mg anode/electrolyte interface.It focuses on critical issues such as the dissolution of Mg anodes,the evolution of hydrogen gas,the formation of a passivation layer that hinders Mg^(2+)migration,and dendrite growth.To address these interface problems,the review discusses strategies to improve interface reactions.These include the structural design of Mg anodes,suitable substitute materials for the anode,and artificial solid electrolyte interphase films.Finally,it outlines the future research directions for the ideal Mg anode interfaces.The goal is to develop more efficient interface design schemes and optimization strategies to advance Mg battery technology further.展开更多
Alloy-typed anode materials,endowed innately with high theoretical specific capacity,hold great promise as an alternative to intercalation-typed counterparts for alkali-ion batteries.Despite tremendous efforts devoted...Alloy-typed anode materials,endowed innately with high theoretical specific capacity,hold great promise as an alternative to intercalation-typed counterparts for alkali-ion batteries.Despite tremendous efforts devoted to addressing drastic volume change and severe pulverization issues of such anodes,the underlying mechanisms involving dynamic phase evolutions and reaction kinetics have not yet been fully comprehended.Herein,taking antimony(Sb)anode as a representative paradigm,its microscopic operating mechanisms down to the atomic scale during live(de)potassiation cycling are systematically unraveled using in situ transmission electron microscopy.Highly reversible phase transformations at single-particle level,that are Sb←→KSb_(2)←→KSb←→K_5Sb_(4)←→K_(3)Sb,were revealed during cycling.Meanwhile,multiple phase interfaces associated with different reaction kinetics coexisted and this phenomenon was properly elucidated in the context of density functional theory calculations.Impressively,previously unexplored unidirectional circulation of reaction interfaces within individual Sb particle is confirmed for both potassiation and depotassiation.Based on the empirical results,the surface diffusion-mediated potassiation-depotassiation pathways at single-particle level are suggested.This work affords new insights into energy storage mechanisms of Sb anode and valuable guidance for targeted optimization of alloy-typed anodes(not limited to Sb)toward advanced potassium-ion batteries.展开更多
In the welding process of SiCp/Al composites,Al reacts with SiC particles in the molten pool to form Al_(4)C_(3),a brittle phase,damaging the reinforcement and causing a sharp decline in the mechanical properties of w...In the welding process of SiCp/Al composites,Al reacts with SiC particles in the molten pool to form Al_(4)C_(3),a brittle phase,damaging the reinforcement and causing a sharp decline in the mechanical properties of weld joints.To mitigate this,a method of welding SiCp/Al composites by pulsed laser welding with powder-filling is proposed,inhibiting the interface reaction between Al and SiC particles in the molten pool.This study investigates the effect of pulse frequency on the temperature field of the molten pool,and combines thermal-fluid numerical simulation to analyze the peak temperature at different pulse frequencies,optimizing the Si content to ultimately inhibit the interface reaction in the molten pool.Results indicate that an appropriate pulse frequency achieves good welding formation and effectively regulates the peak temperature of the molten pool.Only a small amount of brittle phase is present in the weld joint,creating favorable conditions for the addition of alloying elements.The interface reaction is slowed down by adjusting the pulse frequency,though it is not completely inhibited.When the addition of Si content reaches 8%,the occurrence of the interface reaction is effectively inhibited.In weld joints with the addition of 8wt%Si powder,no Al_(4)C_(3)brittle phase is present,and the tensile strength of the weld joint is 266 MPa,up to 70%of the base material.展开更多
Solar-driven H_(2)O_(2) production through artificial photosynthesis presents a promising alternative to anthraquinone,given its lower energy consumption and eco-friendly nature[1-3].However,its catalytic performance ...Solar-driven H_(2)O_(2) production through artificial photosynthesis presents a promising alternative to anthraquinone,given its lower energy consumption and eco-friendly nature[1-3].However,its catalytic performance is severely restricted by the inefficient separation of photogenerated carriers and interface reactions[4,5].展开更多
Ta/NiFe film is deposited on Si substrate precoated with SiO_2 by magnetron sputtering.SiO_2/Ta interface and Ta_5Si_3 standard sample are investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and peak decompos...Ta/NiFe film is deposited on Si substrate precoated with SiO_2 by magnetron sputtering.SiO_2/Ta interface and Ta_5Si_3 standard sample are investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and peak decomposition technique.The results show that there is a thermodynamically favorable reaction at the SiO_2/Ta interface:37Ta+15SiO_2=5Ta_5Si_3+6Ta_2O_5.The more stable products Ta_5Si_3 and Ta_2O_5 may be beneficial to stop the diffusion of Cu into SiO_2.展开更多
Pure magnesia filter and periclase-spinel filter were prepared using porous MgO powder and Al2O3 micro-powder as raw materials.The filtration efficiency and purification mechanism of the two sets of filters on molten ...Pure magnesia filter and periclase-spinel filter were prepared using porous MgO powder and Al2O3 micro-powder as raw materials.The filtration efficiency and purification mechanism of the two sets of filters on molten steel were investigated through steel casting tests.The results show that on the basis of surviving the thermal shock of molten steel,both filters can significantly reduce the number of non-metallic inclusions and total oxygen content of steel,thereby improving the cleanliness of the molten steel.After the thermal shock of molten steel,cracks were found in the microstructure of pure magnesia filter.Via the diffusion of non-metallic inclusions from steel into MgO grains of the filter to form solid solution,the inclusions were adsorbed to the internal and external surfaces of the pure magnesia filter.The number of inclusions was reduced by 62.5%,and the total oxygen content decreased from 0.892 to 0.265 wt.%after filtration,achieving a filtration efficiency of 70.3%.Compared with the pure magnesia filter,no cracks were found in the microstructure of the periclase-spinel filter.The mass transfer rate was accelerated due to the diffusion of inclusions from steel into MgO and MgAl2O4 grains of the filter,as well as the higher high-temperature liquid content and smaller pore structure of the filter.More non-metallic inclusions were able to enter the interior of the filter,which made the periclase-spinel filter more capable of adsorbing inclusions from steel and reducing total oxygen content.The periclase-spinel filter reduced the number of inclusions in steel by 84.4%and decreased the total oxygen content of the steel from 0.892 to 0.119 wt.%,with a filtration efficiency of 86.7%,demonstrating excellent comprehensive performance.展开更多
In this study,an efficient stabilizer material for cadmium(Cd^(2+))treatment was successfully prepared by simply co-milling olivine with magnesite.Several analyticalmethods including XRD,TEM,SEM and FTIR,combined with...In this study,an efficient stabilizer material for cadmium(Cd^(2+))treatment was successfully prepared by simply co-milling olivine with magnesite.Several analyticalmethods including XRD,TEM,SEM and FTIR,combined with theoretical calculations(DFT),were used to investigate mechanochemical interfacial reaction between twominerals,and the reaction mechanism of Cd removal,with ion exchange between Cd^(2+)and Mg^(2+)as the main pathway.A fixation capacity of Cd^(2+)as high as 270.61 mg/g,much higher than that of the pristine minerals and even the individual/physical mixture of milled olivine and magnesite,has been obtained at optimized conditions,with a neutral pH value of the solution after treatment to allow its direct discharge.The as-proposed Mg-based stabilizer with various advantages such as cost benefits,green feature etc.,will boosts the utilization efficiency of naturalminerals over the elaborately prepared adsorbents.展开更多
There are few studies on the preparation of magnesium matrix composites(MMCs)by rapid solidification.This study aims to add minor amounts of Ti particles to AZ91 alloy and prepare AZ91/Ti_(P) MMC ribbon by Melt-Spinni...There are few studies on the preparation of magnesium matrix composites(MMCs)by rapid solidification.This study aims to add minor amounts of Ti particles to AZ91 alloy and prepare AZ91/Ti_(P) MMC ribbon by Melt-Spinning(MS).The effects of Ti particle content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91/Ti_(P) ribbon were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),three-dimensional profiling(3D-P)and calculation of supercooling rate.The results show that the grain refinement of AZ91 ribbon prepared by rapid solidification is very significant and the grain refinement is further improved with the increase of Ti particle content;at the same time,the growth of β-Mg_(17)Al_(12) is inhibited,and the interface reaction between Ti and Mg leads to the formation of interfaces around Ti particles.These nano-scale Ti_(3)Al and Al_(3)Ti interface compounds uniformly wrap the Ti particles.It is believed that the addition of Ti particles not only helps to refine the surrounding grains,but also increases the dislocations in the MMC ribbon and forms a good interface,thereby improving the mechanical properties.Compared with AZ91 alloy ribbon,the yield strength and tensile strength of MMC material containing 5 wt.%Ti particles increased by 25.0%and 22.7% respectively.The elongation only decreased by 10.9%.AZ91/5 wt.%Ti_(P) ribbon has a better balance between high strength and high elongation.The analysis shows that the strengthening effect of this mechanical property is mainly attributed to fine grain strengthening,dislocation strengthening and non-basal slip.展开更多
The compositional design of diffusion source plays a crucial role in improving magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B magnet.In this work,Dy_(80)-_(x)Ce_(x)Al_(20)(x=0-50,in at%)alloy was employed as the diffusion source for ...The compositional design of diffusion source plays a crucial role in improving magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B magnet.In this work,Dy_(80)-_(x)Ce_(x)Al_(20)(x=0-50,in at%)alloy was employed as the diffusion source for grain boundary diffusion.The results show that Dy-Ce co-diffusion can effectively enhance the infiltration ability of diffusion source.The maximum coercivity increment of up to 795 kA/m can be achieved when x=10 due to the deeper diffusion depth and higher Dy content in the shell,while a significant degradation of remanence is also exhibited due to the formation of a larger number of Dy-rich grains.Thus,Ce content is regulated to inhibit the deterioration of remanence.Increasing Ce content to above x=30,it is found that the formed CeFe_(2)phase near the surface can regulate the infiltration ability of diffusion source,reducing the area fraction of Dy-rich grain region that is detrimental to the rema-nence,and eventually,when x=50,the remanence is recovered to be comparable to that of as-prepared magnet,with a coercivity increment of 430 kA/m concurrently.This suggests that rationally designing the diffusion source composition enables the preparation of cost-effective magnets.展开更多
T700/Al and M40/Al composites were fabricated by squeeze casting technology, and their interface and mechanical properties were investigated comparatively. The results showed that both of the composites were dense, an...T700/Al and M40/Al composites were fabricated by squeeze casting technology, and their interface and mechanical properties were investigated comparatively. The results showed that both of the composites were dense, and the fibers were distributed uniformly in aluminum matrix. Aluminum carbide （Al4C3） was observed on the interface of the two carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum （Cf/Al） composites. There was little Al4C3 with a length of 300-500 nm and a width of 30-60 nm in the M40/Al composite, whereas there was a great deal of Al4C3 with a length of 200-400 nm and a width of 100-200 nm in the T700/Al composite, due to a higher graphitization of M40Cf than T700Cf. The M40/Al composite showed a much higher tensile strength than the TT00/Al composite, and it was related to interracial bonding between carbon fibers and aluminum matrices.展开更多
The formation mechanism of calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate and the difference between calcium and manganese in the reaction with vanadium are basic issues in the calcification roasting and manganese roasting p...The formation mechanism of calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate and the difference between calcium and manganese in the reaction with vanadium are basic issues in the calcification roasting and manganese roasting process with vanadium slag.In this work,CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples were prepared and roasted for different time periods to illustrate and compare the diffusion reaction mechanisms.Then,the changes in the diffusion product and diffusion coefficient were investigated and calculated based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.Results show that with the extension of the roasting time,the diffusion reaction gradually proceeds among the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples.The regional boundaries of calcium and vanadium are easily identifiable for the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple.Meanwhile,for the MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple,MnO_(2) gradually decomposes to form Mn_(2)O_(3),and vanadium diffuses into the interior of Mn_(2)O_(3).Only a part of vanadium combines with manganese to form the diffusion production layer.CaV_(2)O_(6) and MnV_(2)O_(6) are the interfacial reaction products of the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples,respectively,whose thicknesses are 39.85 and 32.13μm when roasted for 16 h.After 16 h,both diffusion couples reach the reaction equilibrium due to the limitation of diffusion.The diffusion coefficient of the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple is higher than that of the MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple for the same roasting time,and the diffusion reaction between vanadium and calcium is easier than that between vanadium and manganese.展开更多
The deformation incompatibility of components is a bottleneck restricting the exaltation of the strength and ductility of composites.Herein,the coherent transition interface was designed and produced in hexagonal boro...The deformation incompatibility of components is a bottleneck restricting the exaltation of the strength and ductility of composites.Herein,the coherent transition interface was designed and produced in hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets(BNNSs)/Al composites by reaction sintering route,expecting to re-lieve the deformation incompatibility between BNNSs and Al.It is demonstrated that with the sintering temperature for composites raising from 600℃ to 650℃,700℃ and 750℃,different interface bonding characteristics,which involve nucleation and growth of AlN continuous nanolayer,were confirmed.Fur-thermore,first-principles calculations show that the generation of the coherent transition interface im-proved the interfacial bonding strength of BNNSs/Al composites through covalent bonds.The composites with coherent transition interface exhibit excellent strength-toughness combination in tensile and impact tests.The finite element simulation and in-situ approach under tensile tests were applied to investigate the influence of transition interface structure on deformation behavior of BNNSs/Al composite.It is found that the generation of the transition interface can not only weaken the stress partitioning behavior in the elastic stage,but also constrain the crack initiation and propagation behavior in the elastic-plastic stage and plastic stage,thereby improving the deformation compatibility between BNNSs and Al.The present work provides a novel view into the breakthrough for the trade-offrelationship of strength and ductility by coherent transition interface design in nanocomposites.展开更多
The interface reaction between the SiC particles （ SiCp ） and Fe was stndicd during sintering the SiCp reinforced Fe matrix composites at 1423 K for 1 h. In the composite having 3wt% （weight ratio） SiCp （the 3SiC...The interface reaction between the SiC particles （ SiCp ） and Fe was stndicd during sintering the SiCp reinforced Fe matrix composites at 1423 K for 1 h. In the composite having 3wt% （weight ratio） SiCp （the 3SiCp/ Fe composite）, the interface reaction products of Fe3 Si, the carbon precipitates, and Fe3 C or pearlite were generated. Fe3 Si coustructs the bright matrix of the reaction zone in the original situation of the SiCp. The carbon precipitates are randondy embedded in the reaction zone. Fe3 C or pearlite exists at the grain boundaries of the Fe matrix. As increasing the SiCp concentration in the SiCp/ Fe composite, the inteusity of the interface reaction between SiCp and Fe iacreases. After the 10SiCp/ Fe composite （ having 10wt .% SiCp ） sintered at 1423 K for 1 h, all of SiCp are decomposed, and replaced by the reaction zone composed of Fe3 Si and the carbon precipitates. No Fe3 C or pearlite was genertaed during the reaction. The effects of the techniques of oxidizing of SiCp , coating SiCp by interaction with the Cr powder, and alloying the Fe matrix by adding the Cr element on the interface stability of the SiCp/ Fe composite system were also investigated, respectitely. The oxide membrane and the coating layer on SiCp can inhibit the interface reaction between SiCp and Fe by isolating SiCp from the Fe matrix during sintering. The interface reaction does not occur in the 3 SiCp/ Fe- 10 Cr composite but in the 3 SiCp/ Fe-5 Cr composite. In the SiCp/ Fe-Cr alloy composites, the interface reaction between SiCp and the Fe- Cr alloys is weaker than that between SiCp and Fe . The Cr element behaves as a diluent, it causes a redaction in the interface reaction, which is proportional to the amount of the element added.展开更多
The ceramic filter in continuous casting tundish can effectively improve the cleanliness of high-performance steel by regulating tundish flow field to promote the removal of inclusions and adsorbing or blocking fine i...The ceramic filter in continuous casting tundish can effectively improve the cleanliness of high-performance steel by regulating tundish flow field to promote the removal of inclusions and adsorbing or blocking fine inclusions in the molten steel into the mold.The interaction between microporous magnesia refractories used as tundish filter and molten interstitial-free(IF)steel at 1873 K was investigated to reveal the formation mechanism of their interface layer and its effect on steel cleanliness by laboratory research and thermodynamic calculations.The results show that the magnesium–aluminum spinel layer at the interface between the molten IF steel and the microporous magnesia refractories is formed mainly by the reaction of MgO in the refractory with the[Al]and[O]in the molten steel,significantly reducing the total O content,the size and amount of inclusions of the molten steel.In addition,the interparticle phases of microporous magnesia refractories at high temperature can adsorb Al_(2)O_(3) and TiO_(2) inclusions in the molten steel into interparticle channels of the refractories to form high melting point spinel,impeding the further penetration of the molten steel.As a result,the consecutive interface layer of high melting point spinel between microporous magnesia refractories and molten steel can improve the cleanliness of the molten steel by adsorbing inclusions in the molten steel and avoid the direct dissolution of refractories of the tundish ceramic filter immersed in the molten steel,increasing their service life.展开更多
Based on the diffusion channel,the influence of Si content on the microstructure evolution of iron-based hot-dip Al-χSi coating was analyzed(χ=0,1.5 wt%,3.0 wt% and 7.0 wt%).The results show that the introduction of...Based on the diffusion channel,the influence of Si content on the microstructure evolution of iron-based hot-dip Al-χSi coating was analyzed(χ=0,1.5 wt%,3.0 wt% and 7.0 wt%).The results show that the introduction of Si makes the reaction interface change from the lingual-tooth interface of hot-dip Al to the flat interface of hot-dip Al-Si.It also reduces the thickness of the alloy layer in the coating,especially the Fe_(2)Al_(5) layer.When the Si content is 1.5 wt%or 3.0 wt%,the diffusion channel crosses the conjugate line of the two-phase region(FeAl_(3)+liquid phase)into the FeAl_(3) single-phase region,and then moves to the region with higher Si content.Next,the diffusion channel cuts off the conjugate line of FeAl_(3)phase,τ_(1)/τ_(9) phase,and Fe_(2)Al_(5)phase,which promotes the form ofτ_(1)/τ_(9) phase.The formedτ_(1)/τ_(9) phase inhibits the diffusion between Fe and Al atoms.When the Si content is 7.0 wt%,the diffusion channel passes through the two-phase region(liquid phase+τ_(5))and enters theτ_(5) single-phase region.The form ofτ_(5) single-phase region has a strong inhibitory effect on the interatomic diffusion of Fe and Al,thereby reducing the thickness of the coating,especially the Fe_(2)Al_(5)layer.展开更多
Interface reaction of SiC w/6061Al aluminium matrix composite subjected to laser welding was studied. It is pointed out that the main reason for bad weldability of the material is concerned with the interface reaction...Interface reaction of SiC w/6061Al aluminium matrix composite subjected to laser welding was studied. It is pointed out that the main reason for bad weldability of the material is concerned with the interface reaction during the welding. Effects of welding parameters on interface reaction were also investigated. The results show that the interface bonding state can be improved by laser beam, and the main welding parameter affecting the strength of weld is laser output power. The smaller the output power, the lower the extent of interface reaction and the better the mechanical properties.展开更多
A reaction interface between the aluminum and K_2ZrF_6 during molten salt reaction process was frozen by quenching the mold in water, and the interface structure was analyzed to determine the formation process of Al_3...A reaction interface between the aluminum and K_2ZrF_6 during molten salt reaction process was frozen by quenching the mold in water, and the interface structure was analyzed to determine the formation process of Al_3Zr. Results show that a clear conical interface existed between the K_2ZrF_6 and aluminum. A zirconium accumulation layer with the thickness of about 2–3 lm was formed at the aluminum side of the interface. Many initially formed Al_3Zr particles（with the size of 0.4–16 lm） distributed in this layer, most of which located at the interface. The morphology of Al_3Zr particles is closely related with their size. For the size of 0.4–1 lm, the Al_3Zr appeared as globular and ellipsoid shapes. When it grew to the size of 1–2 and 2–16 lm, it exhibited the rule cube shape, and rule cuboids shape, respectively.展开更多
This paper reports a template-free method to synthesize a series of inorganic hollow spheres（IHSs）including Cu-1,Cu-2,Ni-1,Ni-2 based on mineralization reactions at water/＂water-brother＂ interfaces. ＂Water-brothe...This paper reports a template-free method to synthesize a series of inorganic hollow spheres（IHSs）including Cu-1,Cu-2,Ni-1,Ni-2 based on mineralization reactions at water/＂water-brother＂ interfaces. ＂Water-brother＂ was defined as a solvent which is miscible with water,such as ethanol and acetone. The water/＂water-brother＂ interfaces are very different from water/oil interfaces. The ＂water-brother＂ solvent will usually form a homogenous phase with water. Interestingly,in our method,these interfaces can be formed,observed and utilized to synthesize hollow spheres. Utilizing the unique porous properties of the spheres,their potential application in water treatment was demonstrated by using Cu-1 IHSs as Fenton-like reagents for adsorption and decomposition of Congo Red from aqueous solution. The final adsorption equilibrium was achieved after 30 min with the maximum adsorption capacity of 86.1 mg/g,and 97.3% removal of the dye in 80 min after adsorption equilibrium. The IHSs can be reused as least 5 times after treatment by Na OH.This method is facile and suitable for large-scale production,and shows great potential for watertreatment. 更多展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1037601 and 51271186)
文摘The influence of active elements C and Hf on the interface reactions and wettability between a Ni3Albased superalloy and the ceramic mould material was studied by using a sessile drop experiment, The microstructure of the alloy interface was investigated by scanning electron microscopy analysis and the phase identification was performed by X-ray diffraction analysis, The results show that interface reactions occur as C and Hf contents reach a critical value, The critical values for C and Hf to cause interface reactions are 0,12 wt% and 1,17 wt%, respectively, The reaction products contain HfO2 and 9Al2OH,Cr2O3, Adsorptions of Hf and interface reactions improve the wettability obviously,
基金This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No.50271007) and Beijing (No.2012011)
文摘Interface reaction (IR) is a frequently observed phenomenon in the study ofadvanced thin film materials. It is very important to study the reaction conditions at which IRhappens and then to suppress or make use of it, the necessary conditions, including boththermodynamical and dynamical conditions of IR were discussed in detail. IRs in various systems,including oxide/silicon, oxide/metal, metal/metal, metal/semiconductor andsemiconductor/semiconductor, were reviewed. Methods to suppress and make use of IR were alsointroduced.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52371095)Innovation Research Group of Universities in Chongqing(CXQT21030)+2 种基金Chongqing Overseas Chinese Entrepreneurship and Innovation Support Program(cx2023117)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0054,CSTB2024TIADCYKJCXX0001)Chongqing Youth Expert Studio。
文摘Mg batteries have high energy density,economic safety,and environmental friendliness.They show great potential as an ideal energy storage technology.This review summarizes the limitations of Mg batteries and explores the complex reactions at the Mg anode/electrolyte interface.It focuses on critical issues such as the dissolution of Mg anodes,the evolution of hydrogen gas,the formation of a passivation layer that hinders Mg^(2+)migration,and dendrite growth.To address these interface problems,the review discusses strategies to improve interface reactions.These include the structural design of Mg anodes,suitable substitute materials for the anode,and artificial solid electrolyte interphase films.Finally,it outlines the future research directions for the ideal Mg anode interfaces.The goal is to develop more efficient interface design schemes and optimization strategies to advance Mg battery technology further.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174049,51972058)the Big Data Computing Center of Southeast University。
文摘Alloy-typed anode materials,endowed innately with high theoretical specific capacity,hold great promise as an alternative to intercalation-typed counterparts for alkali-ion batteries.Despite tremendous efforts devoted to addressing drastic volume change and severe pulverization issues of such anodes,the underlying mechanisms involving dynamic phase evolutions and reaction kinetics have not yet been fully comprehended.Herein,taking antimony(Sb)anode as a representative paradigm,its microscopic operating mechanisms down to the atomic scale during live(de)potassiation cycling are systematically unraveled using in situ transmission electron microscopy.Highly reversible phase transformations at single-particle level,that are Sb←→KSb_(2)←→KSb←→K_5Sb_(4)←→K_(3)Sb,were revealed during cycling.Meanwhile,multiple phase interfaces associated with different reaction kinetics coexisted and this phenomenon was properly elucidated in the context of density functional theory calculations.Impressively,previously unexplored unidirectional circulation of reaction interfaces within individual Sb particle is confirmed for both potassiation and depotassiation.Based on the empirical results,the surface diffusion-mediated potassiation-depotassiation pathways at single-particle level are suggested.This work affords new insights into energy storage mechanisms of Sb anode and valuable guidance for targeted optimization of alloy-typed anodes(not limited to Sb)toward advanced potassium-ion batteries.
基金Supported by Equipment Pre-Research Foundation of China(Grant No.50923030512)。
文摘In the welding process of SiCp/Al composites,Al reacts with SiC particles in the molten pool to form Al_(4)C_(3),a brittle phase,damaging the reinforcement and causing a sharp decline in the mechanical properties of weld joints.To mitigate this,a method of welding SiCp/Al composites by pulsed laser welding with powder-filling is proposed,inhibiting the interface reaction between Al and SiC particles in the molten pool.This study investigates the effect of pulse frequency on the temperature field of the molten pool,and combines thermal-fluid numerical simulation to analyze the peak temperature at different pulse frequencies,optimizing the Si content to ultimately inhibit the interface reaction in the molten pool.Results indicate that an appropriate pulse frequency achieves good welding formation and effectively regulates the peak temperature of the molten pool.Only a small amount of brittle phase is present in the weld joint,creating favorable conditions for the addition of alloying elements.The interface reaction is slowed down by adjusting the pulse frequency,though it is not completely inhibited.When the addition of Si content reaches 8%,the occurrence of the interface reaction is effectively inhibited.In weld joints with the addition of 8wt%Si powder,no Al_(4)C_(3)brittle phase is present,and the tensile strength of the weld joint is 266 MPa,up to 70%of the base material.
文摘Solar-driven H_(2)O_(2) production through artificial photosynthesis presents a promising alternative to anthraquinone,given its lower energy consumption and eco-friendly nature[1-3].However,its catalytic performance is severely restricted by the inefficient separation of photogenerated carriers and interface reactions[4,5].
文摘Ta/NiFe film is deposited on Si substrate precoated with SiO_2 by magnetron sputtering.SiO_2/Ta interface and Ta_5Si_3 standard sample are investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and peak decomposition technique.The results show that there is a thermodynamically favorable reaction at the SiO_2/Ta interface:37Ta+15SiO_2=5Ta_5Si_3+6Ta_2O_5.The more stable products Ta_5Si_3 and Ta_2O_5 may be beneficial to stop the diffusion of Cu into SiO_2.
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21A2058 and U1860205)the Natural Science Funds of Hubei Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.2020CFA088).
文摘Pure magnesia filter and periclase-spinel filter were prepared using porous MgO powder and Al2O3 micro-powder as raw materials.The filtration efficiency and purification mechanism of the two sets of filters on molten steel were investigated through steel casting tests.The results show that on the basis of surviving the thermal shock of molten steel,both filters can significantly reduce the number of non-metallic inclusions and total oxygen content of steel,thereby improving the cleanliness of the molten steel.After the thermal shock of molten steel,cracks were found in the microstructure of pure magnesia filter.Via the diffusion of non-metallic inclusions from steel into MgO grains of the filter to form solid solution,the inclusions were adsorbed to the internal and external surfaces of the pure magnesia filter.The number of inclusions was reduced by 62.5%,and the total oxygen content decreased from 0.892 to 0.265 wt.%after filtration,achieving a filtration efficiency of 70.3%.Compared with the pure magnesia filter,no cracks were found in the microstructure of the periclase-spinel filter.The mass transfer rate was accelerated due to the diffusion of inclusions from steel into MgO and MgAl2O4 grains of the filter,as well as the higher high-temperature liquid content and smaller pore structure of the filter.More non-metallic inclusions were able to enter the interior of the filter,which made the periclase-spinel filter more capable of adsorbing inclusions from steel and reducing total oxygen content.The periclase-spinel filter reduced the number of inclusions in steel by 84.4%and decreased the total oxygen content of the steel from 0.892 to 0.119 wt.%,with a filtration efficiency of 86.7%,demonstrating excellent comprehensive performance.
基金supported by the Key 491 R&D Programof Hubei Province(No.2022BCA083).
文摘In this study,an efficient stabilizer material for cadmium(Cd^(2+))treatment was successfully prepared by simply co-milling olivine with magnesite.Several analyticalmethods including XRD,TEM,SEM and FTIR,combined with theoretical calculations(DFT),were used to investigate mechanochemical interfacial reaction between twominerals,and the reaction mechanism of Cd removal,with ion exchange between Cd^(2+)and Mg^(2+)as the main pathway.A fixation capacity of Cd^(2+)as high as 270.61 mg/g,much higher than that of the pristine minerals and even the individual/physical mixture of milled olivine and magnesite,has been obtained at optimized conditions,with a neutral pH value of the solution after treatment to allow its direct discharge.The as-proposed Mg-based stabilizer with various advantages such as cost benefits,green feature etc.,will boosts the utilization efficiency of naturalminerals over the elaborately prepared adsorbents.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3708400)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2020B0301030006)+1 种基金the Guangdong Academy of Science Fund(2020GDASYL-20200101001)Evaluation Project of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory(2023B1212060043).
文摘There are few studies on the preparation of magnesium matrix composites(MMCs)by rapid solidification.This study aims to add minor amounts of Ti particles to AZ91 alloy and prepare AZ91/Ti_(P) MMC ribbon by Melt-Spinning(MS).The effects of Ti particle content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91/Ti_(P) ribbon were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),three-dimensional profiling(3D-P)and calculation of supercooling rate.The results show that the grain refinement of AZ91 ribbon prepared by rapid solidification is very significant and the grain refinement is further improved with the increase of Ti particle content;at the same time,the growth of β-Mg_(17)Al_(12) is inhibited,and the interface reaction between Ti and Mg leads to the formation of interfaces around Ti particles.These nano-scale Ti_(3)Al and Al_(3)Ti interface compounds uniformly wrap the Ti particles.It is believed that the addition of Ti particles not only helps to refine the surrounding grains,but also increases the dislocations in the MMC ribbon and forms a good interface,thereby improving the mechanical properties.Compared with AZ91 alloy ribbon,the yield strength and tensile strength of MMC material containing 5 wt.%Ti particles increased by 25.0%and 22.7% respectively.The elongation only decreased by 10.9%.AZ91/5 wt.%Ti_(P) ribbon has a better balance between high strength and high elongation.The analysis shows that the strengthening effect of this mechanical property is mainly attributed to fine grain strengthening,dislocation strengthening and non-basal slip.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52161031,52361034)the 2023 Ganzhou"Leading the Charge with Open Competition"project+4 种基金the Key Project of Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20224ACB204005)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20224BAB214016)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3503400)the Major Science&Technology Specific Project of Jiangxi Province(20203ABC28W006)the Key Project of Science and Technology to Promote Mongolian Development(XM2021BT03)。
文摘The compositional design of diffusion source plays a crucial role in improving magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B magnet.In this work,Dy_(80)-_(x)Ce_(x)Al_(20)(x=0-50,in at%)alloy was employed as the diffusion source for grain boundary diffusion.The results show that Dy-Ce co-diffusion can effectively enhance the infiltration ability of diffusion source.The maximum coercivity increment of up to 795 kA/m can be achieved when x=10 due to the deeper diffusion depth and higher Dy content in the shell,while a significant degradation of remanence is also exhibited due to the formation of a larger number of Dy-rich grains.Thus,Ce content is regulated to inhibit the deterioration of remanence.Increasing Ce content to above x=30,it is found that the formed CeFe_(2)phase near the surface can regulate the infiltration ability of diffusion source,reducing the area fraction of Dy-rich grain region that is detrimental to the rema-nence,and eventually,when x=50,the remanence is recovered to be comparable to that of as-prepared magnet,with a coercivity increment of 430 kA/m concurrently.This suggests that rationally designing the diffusion source composition enables the preparation of cost-effective magnets.
文摘T700/Al and M40/Al composites were fabricated by squeeze casting technology, and their interface and mechanical properties were investigated comparatively. The results showed that both of the composites were dense, and the fibers were distributed uniformly in aluminum matrix. Aluminum carbide （Al4C3） was observed on the interface of the two carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum （Cf/Al） composites. There was little Al4C3 with a length of 300-500 nm and a width of 30-60 nm in the M40/Al composite, whereas there was a great deal of Al4C3 with a length of 200-400 nm and a width of 100-200 nm in the T700/Al composite, due to a higher graphitization of M40Cf than T700Cf. The M40/Al composite showed a much higher tensile strength than the TT00/Al composite, and it was related to interracial bonding between carbon fibers and aluminum matrices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174277 and 51874077)the Fundamental Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.N2225032)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720683)the Postdoctoral Fund of Northeastern University,China。
文摘The formation mechanism of calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate and the difference between calcium and manganese in the reaction with vanadium are basic issues in the calcification roasting and manganese roasting process with vanadium slag.In this work,CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples were prepared and roasted for different time periods to illustrate and compare the diffusion reaction mechanisms.Then,the changes in the diffusion product and diffusion coefficient were investigated and calculated based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.Results show that with the extension of the roasting time,the diffusion reaction gradually proceeds among the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples.The regional boundaries of calcium and vanadium are easily identifiable for the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple.Meanwhile,for the MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple,MnO_(2) gradually decomposes to form Mn_(2)O_(3),and vanadium diffuses into the interior of Mn_(2)O_(3).Only a part of vanadium combines with manganese to form the diffusion production layer.CaV_(2)O_(6) and MnV_(2)O_(6) are the interfacial reaction products of the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) and MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couples,respectively,whose thicknesses are 39.85 and 32.13μm when roasted for 16 h.After 16 h,both diffusion couples reach the reaction equilibrium due to the limitation of diffusion.The diffusion coefficient of the CaO–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple is higher than that of the MnO_(2)–V_(2)O_(5) diffusion couple for the same roasting time,and the diffusion reaction between vanadium and calcium is easier than that between vanadium and manganese.
基金This work was financially supported by the Chinese Na-tional Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52025015)the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation Nos.51771130,52071230 and 52101181)+2 种基金the Tianjin Youth Tal-ent Support Program,the Tianjin Natural Science Funds for Dis-tinguished Young Scholars(No.17JCJQJC44300)the Tianjin Sci-ence and Technology Support Project(No.17ZXCLGX00060)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Nos.2020M670648 and 2021T140505).
文摘The deformation incompatibility of components is a bottleneck restricting the exaltation of the strength and ductility of composites.Herein,the coherent transition interface was designed and produced in hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets(BNNSs)/Al composites by reaction sintering route,expecting to re-lieve the deformation incompatibility between BNNSs and Al.It is demonstrated that with the sintering temperature for composites raising from 600℃ to 650℃,700℃ and 750℃,different interface bonding characteristics,which involve nucleation and growth of AlN continuous nanolayer,were confirmed.Fur-thermore,first-principles calculations show that the generation of the coherent transition interface im-proved the interfacial bonding strength of BNNSs/Al composites through covalent bonds.The composites with coherent transition interface exhibit excellent strength-toughness combination in tensile and impact tests.The finite element simulation and in-situ approach under tensile tests were applied to investigate the influence of transition interface structure on deformation behavior of BNNSs/Al composite.It is found that the generation of the transition interface can not only weaken the stress partitioning behavior in the elastic stage,but also constrain the crack initiation and propagation behavior in the elastic-plastic stage and plastic stage,thereby improving the deformation compatibility between BNNSs and Al.The present work provides a novel view into the breakthrough for the trade-offrelationship of strength and ductility by coherent transition interface design in nanocomposites.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.050440704)
文摘The interface reaction between the SiC particles （ SiCp ） and Fe was stndicd during sintering the SiCp reinforced Fe matrix composites at 1423 K for 1 h. In the composite having 3wt% （weight ratio） SiCp （the 3SiCp/ Fe composite）, the interface reaction products of Fe3 Si, the carbon precipitates, and Fe3 C or pearlite were generated. Fe3 Si coustructs the bright matrix of the reaction zone in the original situation of the SiCp. The carbon precipitates are randondy embedded in the reaction zone. Fe3 C or pearlite exists at the grain boundaries of the Fe matrix. As increasing the SiCp concentration in the SiCp/ Fe composite, the inteusity of the interface reaction between SiCp and Fe iacreases. After the 10SiCp/ Fe composite （ having 10wt .% SiCp ） sintered at 1423 K for 1 h, all of SiCp are decomposed, and replaced by the reaction zone composed of Fe3 Si and the carbon precipitates. No Fe3 C or pearlite was genertaed during the reaction. The effects of the techniques of oxidizing of SiCp , coating SiCp by interaction with the Cr powder, and alloying the Fe matrix by adding the Cr element on the interface stability of the SiCp/ Fe composite system were also investigated, respectitely. The oxide membrane and the coating layer on SiCp can inhibit the interface reaction between SiCp and Fe by isolating SiCp from the Fe matrix during sintering. The interface reaction does not occur in the 3 SiCp/ Fe- 10 Cr composite but in the 3 SiCp/ Fe-5 Cr composite. In the SiCp/ Fe-Cr alloy composites, the interface reaction between SiCp and the Fe- Cr alloys is weaker than that between SiCp and Fe . The Cr element behaves as a diluent, it causes a redaction in the interface reaction, which is proportional to the amount of the element added.
基金The authors are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1860205 and 52174323)Innovation Team Cultivation Funding Project of Wuhan University of Science and Technology(2018TDX08).
文摘The ceramic filter in continuous casting tundish can effectively improve the cleanliness of high-performance steel by regulating tundish flow field to promote the removal of inclusions and adsorbing or blocking fine inclusions in the molten steel into the mold.The interaction between microporous magnesia refractories used as tundish filter and molten interstitial-free(IF)steel at 1873 K was investigated to reveal the formation mechanism of their interface layer and its effect on steel cleanliness by laboratory research and thermodynamic calculations.The results show that the magnesium–aluminum spinel layer at the interface between the molten IF steel and the microporous magnesia refractories is formed mainly by the reaction of MgO in the refractory with the[Al]and[O]in the molten steel,significantly reducing the total O content,the size and amount of inclusions of the molten steel.In addition,the interparticle phases of microporous magnesia refractories at high temperature can adsorb Al_(2)O_(3) and TiO_(2) inclusions in the molten steel into interparticle channels of the refractories to form high melting point spinel,impeding the further penetration of the molten steel.As a result,the consecutive interface layer of high melting point spinel between microporous magnesia refractories and molten steel can improve the cleanliness of the molten steel by adsorbing inclusions in the molten steel and avoid the direct dissolution of refractories of the tundish ceramic filter immersed in the molten steel,increasing their service life.
基金Projects(51971039,51671037)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(19KJA530001)supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Higher Education of Jiangsu,ChinaProject(KYCX21_2868)supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China。
文摘Based on the diffusion channel,the influence of Si content on the microstructure evolution of iron-based hot-dip Al-χSi coating was analyzed(χ=0,1.5 wt%,3.0 wt% and 7.0 wt%).The results show that the introduction of Si makes the reaction interface change from the lingual-tooth interface of hot-dip Al to the flat interface of hot-dip Al-Si.It also reduces the thickness of the alloy layer in the coating,especially the Fe_(2)Al_(5) layer.When the Si content is 1.5 wt%or 3.0 wt%,the diffusion channel crosses the conjugate line of the two-phase region(FeAl_(3)+liquid phase)into the FeAl_(3) single-phase region,and then moves to the region with higher Si content.Next,the diffusion channel cuts off the conjugate line of FeAl_(3)phase,τ_(1)/τ_(9) phase,and Fe_(2)Al_(5)phase,which promotes the form ofτ_(1)/τ_(9) phase.The formedτ_(1)/τ_(9) phase inhibits the diffusion between Fe and Al atoms.When the Si content is 7.0 wt%,the diffusion channel passes through the two-phase region(liquid phase+τ_(5))and enters theτ_(5) single-phase region.The form ofτ_(5) single-phase region has a strong inhibitory effect on the interatomic diffusion of Fe and Al,thereby reducing the thickness of the coating,especially the Fe_(2)Al_(5)layer.
文摘Interface reaction of SiC w/6061Al aluminium matrix composite subjected to laser welding was studied. It is pointed out that the main reason for bad weldability of the material is concerned with the interface reaction during the welding. Effects of welding parameters on interface reaction were also investigated. The results show that the interface bonding state can be improved by laser beam, and the main welding parameter affecting the strength of weld is laser output power. The smaller the output power, the lower the extent of interface reaction and the better the mechanical properties.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51204053,51374067&51674078)Central University Basic R&D Operating Expenses(Nos.N130409005,N130709001&N130209001)
文摘A reaction interface between the aluminum and K_2ZrF_6 during molten salt reaction process was frozen by quenching the mold in water, and the interface structure was analyzed to determine the formation process of Al_3Zr. Results show that a clear conical interface existed between the K_2ZrF_6 and aluminum. A zirconium accumulation layer with the thickness of about 2–3 lm was formed at the aluminum side of the interface. Many initially formed Al_3Zr particles（with the size of 0.4–16 lm） distributed in this layer, most of which located at the interface. The morphology of Al_3Zr particles is closely related with their size. For the size of 0.4–1 lm, the Al_3Zr appeared as globular and ellipsoid shapes. When it grew to the size of 1–2 and 2–16 lm, it exhibited the rule cube shape, and rule cuboids shape, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21273059,21528501,21511130060)the HIT Environment and Ecology Innovation Special Funds(No.HSCJ201617)
文摘This paper reports a template-free method to synthesize a series of inorganic hollow spheres（IHSs）including Cu-1,Cu-2,Ni-1,Ni-2 based on mineralization reactions at water/＂water-brother＂ interfaces. ＂Water-brother＂ was defined as a solvent which is miscible with water,such as ethanol and acetone. The water/＂water-brother＂ interfaces are very different from water/oil interfaces. The ＂water-brother＂ solvent will usually form a homogenous phase with water. Interestingly,in our method,these interfaces can be formed,observed and utilized to synthesize hollow spheres. Utilizing the unique porous properties of the spheres,their potential application in water treatment was demonstrated by using Cu-1 IHSs as Fenton-like reagents for adsorption and decomposition of Congo Red from aqueous solution. The final adsorption equilibrium was achieved after 30 min with the maximum adsorption capacity of 86.1 mg/g,and 97.3% removal of the dye in 80 min after adsorption equilibrium. The IHSs can be reused as least 5 times after treatment by Na OH.This method is facile and suitable for large-scale production,and shows great potential for watertreatment. 更多
