A transient three-dimensional coupling model based on the compressible volume of fluid （VOF） method was developed to simulate the transport of volatile pollutants at the air-water interface. VOF is a numerical techn...A transient three-dimensional coupling model based on the compressible volume of fluid （VOF） method was developed to simulate the transport of volatile pollutants at the air-water interface. VOF is a numerical technique for locating and tracking the free surface of water flow. The relationships between Henry＇s constant, thermodynamics parameters, and the enlarged topological index were proposed for nonstandard conditions. A series of experiments and numerical simulations were performed to study the transport of benzene and carbinol. The simulation results agreed with the experimental results. Temperature had no effect on mass transfer of pollutants with low transfer free energy and high Henry＇s constant. The temporal and spatial distribution of pollutants with high transfer free energy and low Henry＇s constant was affected by temperature. The total enthalpy and total transfer free energy increased significantly with temperature, with significant fluctuations at low temperatures. The total enthalpy and total transfer free energy increased steadily without fluctuation at high temperatures.展开更多
Nuclear fusion is recognized as the energy of the future,and considerable effort and capital have been put into the research of controlled nuclear fusion in the past decades.The most challenging thing for controlled n...Nuclear fusion is recognized as the energy of the future,and considerable effort and capital have been put into the research of controlled nuclear fusion in the past decades.The most challenging thing for controlled nuclear fusion is to generate and maintain a super high temperature.Here,a sonication system combined with micro-scale fluid control techniques was built to generate cavitation within a limited region.As bubbles were rapidly compressed,the high-temperature plasma generated inside led to particle emissions,where a Cs2LiYCl6:Ce3+(CLYC)scintillator is used to collect the emission events.The pulse shape discrimination methods applied to the captured signals revealed that only gamma ray events were observed under sonication with normal water,while obvious separation of neutron and gamma ray events was surprisingly identified under sonication with deuterated water.This result suggested that neutrons were emitted from the sonicated deuterated water,i.e.,deuterium-deuterium thermonuclear fusion was initiated.This study provides an alternative and feasible approach to achieve controllable nuclear fusion and makes great sense for future studies on the application of fusion energy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51109106)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20130946)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province
文摘A transient three-dimensional coupling model based on the compressible volume of fluid （VOF） method was developed to simulate the transport of volatile pollutants at the air-water interface. VOF is a numerical technique for locating and tracking the free surface of water flow. The relationships between Henry＇s constant, thermodynamics parameters, and the enlarged topological index were proposed for nonstandard conditions. A series of experiments and numerical simulations were performed to study the transport of benzene and carbinol. The simulation results agreed with the experimental results. Temperature had no effect on mass transfer of pollutants with low transfer free energy and high Henry＇s constant. The temporal and spatial distribution of pollutants with high transfer free energy and low Henry＇s constant was affected by temperature. The total enthalpy and total transfer free energy increased significantly with temperature, with significant fluctuations at low temperatures. The total enthalpy and total transfer free energy increased steadily without fluctuation at high temperatures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50721004).
文摘Nuclear fusion is recognized as the energy of the future,and considerable effort and capital have been put into the research of controlled nuclear fusion in the past decades.The most challenging thing for controlled nuclear fusion is to generate and maintain a super high temperature.Here,a sonication system combined with micro-scale fluid control techniques was built to generate cavitation within a limited region.As bubbles were rapidly compressed,the high-temperature plasma generated inside led to particle emissions,where a Cs2LiYCl6:Ce3+(CLYC)scintillator is used to collect the emission events.The pulse shape discrimination methods applied to the captured signals revealed that only gamma ray events were observed under sonication with normal water,while obvious separation of neutron and gamma ray events was surprisingly identified under sonication with deuterated water.This result suggested that neutrons were emitted from the sonicated deuterated water,i.e.,deuterium-deuterium thermonuclear fusion was initiated.This study provides an alternative and feasible approach to achieve controllable nuclear fusion and makes great sense for future studies on the application of fusion energy.
