Metal-carbon dioxide(CO_(2))batteries hold great promise for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and are regarded as one of the most promising energy storage techniques due to their efficiency advantages in CO_(2)recove...Metal-carbon dioxide(CO_(2))batteries hold great promise for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and are regarded as one of the most promising energy storage techniques due to their efficiency advantages in CO_(2)recovery and conversion.Moreover,rechargeable nonaqueous metal-CO_(2)batteries have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical energy density.However,the stability issues of the electrode-electrolyte interfaces of nonaqueous metal-CO_(2)(lithium(Li)/sodium(Na)/potassium(K)-CO_(2))batteries have been troubling its development,and a large number of related research in the field of electrolytes have conducted in recent years.This review retraces the short but rapid research history of nonaqueous metal-CO_(2)batteries with a detailed electrochemical mechanism analysis.Then it focuses on the basic characteristics and design principles of electrolytes,summarizes the latest achievements of various types of electrolytes in a timely manner and deeply analyzes the construction strategies of stable electrode-electrolyte interfaces for metal-CO_(2)batteries.Finally,the key issues related to electrolytes and interface engineering are fully discussed and several potential directions for future research are proposed.This review enriches a comprehensive understanding of electrolytes and interface engineering toward the practical applications of next-generation metal-CO_(2)batteries.展开更多
All-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)are considered as one of the ultimate goals for the development of energy storage systems due to their high energy density and high safety.However,the mismatching of int...All-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)are considered as one of the ultimate goals for the development of energy storage systems due to their high energy density and high safety.However,the mismatching of interface transport kinetics as well as interfacial instability induces the growth of lithium dendrite and thus,leads to severe degradation of battery electrochemical performances.Herein,an integrated interface configuration(IIC)consisting of in-situ generated Li I interphase and Li-Ag alloy anode is proposed through in-situ interface chemistry.The IIC is capable of not only regulating charge transport kinetics but also synchronously stabilizing the lithium/electrolyte interface,thereby achieving uniform lithium platting.Therefore,Li||Li symmetric cells with IIC achieve a critical current density of up to 1.6 mA cm^(-2)and achieve stable cycling over 1600 hours at a high current density of 0.5 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,a high discharge capacity of 140.1 mA h g-1at 0.1 C is also obtained for the Li(Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2))O_(2)(NCM622)full battery with a capacity retention of 65.6%after 300 cycles.This work provides an effective method to synergistically regulate the interface transport kinetics and inhibit lithium dendrite growth for high-performance ASSLMBs.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are considered as a low-cost complementary or alternative system to prestigious lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of their similar working principle to LIBs,cost-effectiveness,and sustainabl...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are considered as a low-cost complementary or alternative system to prestigious lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of their similar working principle to LIBs,cost-effectiveness,and sustainable availability of sodium resources,especially in large-scale energy storage systems(EESs).Among various cathode candidates for SIBs,Na-based layered transition metal oxides have received extensive attention for their relatively large specific capacity,high operating potential,facile synthesis,and environmental benignity.However,there are a series of fatal issues in terms of poor air stability,unstable cathode/electrolyte interphase,and irreversible phase transition that lead to unsatisfactory battery performance from the perspective of preparation to application,outside to inside of layered oxide cathodes,which severely limit their practical application.This work is meant to review these critical problems associated with layered oxide cathodes to understand their fundamental roots and degradation mechanisms,and to provide a comprehensive summary of mainstream modification strategies including chemical substitution,surface modification,structure modulation,and so forth,concentrating on how to improve air stability,reduce interfacial side reaction,and suppress phase transition for realizing high structural reversibility,fast Na+kinetics,and superior comprehensive electrochemical performance.The advantages and disadvantages of different strategies are discussed,and insights into future challenges and opportunities for layered oxide cathodes are also presented.展开更多
The need for large-scale electrochemical energy storage devices in the future has spawned several new breeds of batteries in which aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted great attention due to their high safe...The need for large-scale electrochemical energy storage devices in the future has spawned several new breeds of batteries in which aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted great attention due to their high safety,low cost,and excellent electrochemical performance.In the current research,the dendrite and corrosion caused by aqueous electrolytes are the main problems being studied.However,the research on the zinc metal anode is still in its infancy.We think it really needs to provide clear guidelines about how to reasonably configure the system of AZIBs to realize high-energy density and long cycle life.Therefore,it is worth analyzing the works on the zinc anode,and several strategies are proposed to improve the stability and cycle life of the battery in recent years.Based on the crystal chemistry and interface chemistry,this review reveals the key factors and essential causes that inhibit dendrite growth and side reactions and puts forward the potential prospects for future work in this direction.It is foreseeable that guiding the construction of AZIBs with high-energy density and long cycle life in various systems would be quite possible by following this overview as a roadmap.展开更多
The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into value‐added fuels and chemicals presents a sustainable route to alleviate CO_(2) emissions,promote carbon‐neutral cycles and reduce the dependence on fossi...The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into value‐added fuels and chemicals presents a sustainable route to alleviate CO_(2) emissions,promote carbon‐neutral cycles and reduce the dependence on fossil fuels.Considering the thermodynamic stability of the CO_(2) molecule and sluggish reaction kinetics,it is still a challenge to design highly efficient electrocatalysts for the CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).It has been found that the surface and interface chemistry of electrocatalysts can modulate the electronic structure and increase the active sites,which is favorable for CO_(2) adsorption,electron transfer,mass transport,and optimizing adsorption strength of reaction intermediates.However,the effect of surface and interface chemistry on metal‐free electrocatalysts(MFEs)for CO_(2)RR has not been comprehensively reviewed.Herein,we discuss the importance of the surface and interface chemistry on MFEs for improving the electrochemical CO_(2)RR performance based on thermodynamic and kinetic views.The fundamentals and challenges of CO_(2)RR are firstly presented.Then,the recent advances of the surface and interface chemistry in improving reaction rate and overcoming reaction constraints are reviewed from regulating electronic structure,active sites,electron transfer,mass transport,and intermediate binding energy.Finally,the research challenges and prospects are proposed to suggest the future designs of advanced MFEs in CO_(2)RR.展开更多
Synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy was used to study the formation process of Er2O3/Si（001） imerface and film during epitaxial growth on Si. A shift in the O core-level binding energy was found accompa...Synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy was used to study the formation process of Er2O3/Si（001） imerface and film during epitaxial growth on Si. A shift in the O core-level binding energy was found accompanied by a shift in the Er2O3 valence band maximum. This shift depended on the oxide layer thickness and interfacial structure. An interfacial layer was observed at the initial growth of Er2O3 film on Si, which was supposed to be attributed to the effect of Er atom catalytic oxidation effect.展开更多
Zinc-iodine(Zn-I_(2))batteries have emerged as a compelling candidate for large-scale energy storage,driven by the grow-ing demand for safe,cost-effective,and sustainable alternatives to conventional systems.Benefitin...Zinc-iodine(Zn-I_(2))batteries have emerged as a compelling candidate for large-scale energy storage,driven by the grow-ing demand for safe,cost-effective,and sustainable alternatives to conventional systems.Benefiting from the inherent advantages of aqueous electrolytes and zinc metal anodes,including high ionic conductivity,low flammability,natural abundance,and high volumetric capacity,Zn-I_(2)batteries offer significant potential for grid-level deployment.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in three critical domains:positive-electrode engineering,zinc anode stabilization,and in situ characterization methods.On the cathode side,anchoring iodine to conductive matrices effectively mitigates polyiodide shuttling and enhances the kinetics of I−/I_(2)conversion.Advanced in situ characterization has enabled real-time monitoring of polyiodide intermediates(I_(3)−/I_(5)−),offering new insights into electrolyte-electrode interactions and guiding the development of functional additives to suppress shuttle effects.For the zinc anode,innovations such as pro-tective interfacial layers,three-dimensional host frameworks,and targeted electrolyte additives have shown efficacy in suppressing dendrite growth and side reactions,thus improving cycling stability and coulombic efficiency.Despite these advances,challenges remain in achieving long-term reversibility and structural integrity under practical conditions.Future directions include the design of synergistic electrolyte systems,and integrated electrode architectures that simultaneously optimize chemical stability,ion transport and mechanical durability for next-generation Zn-I_(2)battery technologies.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are facing the challenges of low stability of Zn anodes with dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reaction in promoting commercial applications.We report herein a dualconfiguration b...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are facing the challenges of low stability of Zn anodes with dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reaction in promoting commercial applications.We report herein a dualconfiguration bifunctional DL-citrulline(DL-Cit)as an electrolyte additive to stabilize Zn anodes for ultralong cycle-life aqueous energy storage.Trace amounts of DL-Cit reconstruct the solvation structure of Zn^(2+)via strong interactions with Zn^(2+),while DL-Cit is preferentially adsorbed on Zn anode surfaces to orchestrate the ion flux and ensure uniform Zn deposition.The well-formed flat Zn(002)texture not only enhances the electrochemical stability of Zn anodes but also exhibits more significant orientation priority upon increasing current density.These properties endow Zn anodes with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.7% after 1500 cycles and a long cycle life of over 3000 h,achieving an ultrahigh cumulative plating capacity of 4.8 Ah cm^(-2)even under rigorous plating/stripping conditions(8 mA cm^(-2)).Consequently,the Zn||MnO_(2)full cells provide a high capacity of 143.35 mA h g-1after continuous cycling for more than3000 cycles.The Zn||activated carbon hybrid capacitors with DL-Cit additives operate stably beyond30,000 cycles.This versatile electrolyte strategy provides an effective solution for the practical application of Zn-based energy storage devices.展开更多
Li-metal is an ideal anode that can provide rechargeable batteries with high energy density,but its application in large scale is restricted by its high activity that leads to the severe decomposition of electrolyte c...Li-metal is an ideal anode that can provide rechargeable batteries with high energy density,but its application in large scale is restricted by its high activity that leads to the severe decomposition of electrolyte components(solvents and salts) and the growth of Li dendrites.These parasitic reactions are responsible for the cycle life deterioration and the safety accidents of rechargeable Li-metal batteries.Correspondingly,much effort has been made to regulate Li/electrolyte interface chemistry.In this review,we summarize some strategies that have been developed recently to stabilize Li/electrolyte interface by constructing protective interphases on Li-metal anodes.Firstly,the currently available understandings on the instability of Li/electrolyte interface are outlined.Then,artificial interphases recently constructed exsitu and in-situ are illustrated in detail.Finally,possible approaches to acquire more efficiently protective interphases are prospected.展开更多
The impact of oxygen content in the Ru electrode,grown using atomic layer deposition on ferroelectricity in Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film is investigated.The oxygen content in Ru can be modulated by simply adjusting the d...The impact of oxygen content in the Ru electrode,grown using atomic layer deposition on ferroelectricity in Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film is investigated.The oxygen content in Ru can be modulated by simply adjusting the deposition temperature from 210℃to 300◦C.Higher oxygen content in Ru reduces the oxygen vacancy concentration in subsequently grown Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film,thereby mitigating the wake-up effect.However,the monoclinic phase fraction increased with decreasing Ru deposition temperature,resulting in a decrease in remanent polarization.The decreased oxygen vacancy concentration by oxygen diffusion from Ru electrode deposited at 210℃could decrease the leakage current density compared to that grown at higher temperatures.Nonetheless,the switching endurance of Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film grown on Ru deposited at 210℃was shorter than those on Ru deposited at 300℃by 2 order of magnitude,being attributed to the oxygen diffusion caused interfacial damages.This observation suggests that the interfacial redox reactions between the electrode and Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)critically influence defect concentration,polymorphism,and the resulting ferroelectricity when using an atomic layer deposited Ru electrode to examine the impact of interfacial redox chemistry.展开更多
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry（CE-MS） is a powerful separation and analytical technique in the field of analytical chemistry. This review provides an update of instrumentation developments in the method...Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry（CE-MS） is a powerful separation and analytical technique in the field of analytical chemistry. This review provides an update of instrumentation developments in the methodology of CE-MS systems. A selection of relevant articles covers the literatures published from Jan. 2013 to Feb. 2017. Special attentions were paid to the sample injection and ionization processes.Applications of these CE-MS systems were also introduced through representative examples. General conclusions and perspectives were given at the last.展开更多
A novel TiO2（5）/TiO2（buffer）/Ti（4）/Ag（3）/Ti（2）/TiO2（1） multi-layer film coating with corning glass is designed and fabricated by a dc magnetron sputtering method as a renovation of the well-known TiO2/Ti/A...A novel TiO2（5）/TiO2（buffer）/Ti（4）/Ag（3）/Ti（2）/TiO2（1） multi-layer film coating with corning glass is designed and fabricated by a dc magnetron sputtering method as a renovation of the well-known TiO2/Ti/Ag/Ti/TiO2 system in order to obtain a heat mirror system with photocatalytic properties due to sufficient thickness of the Ti02 layer. The outer TiO2 layer is fabricated in two steps, possibly claimed as two layers TiO2（5） and TiO2（buuer）, among which TiO2（buffer） the 70-nm-thick layer deposited in poor oxygen effectively minimizes the oxidation toward its neighbor Ti（4） layer. The optimal total thickness of the TiO2（5） and TiO（buffer） di-layer is found to be 300nm to yield a highly photo-catalytic property of the film without affecting the optical properties considerably. This multi-layer film can transmit light of above 75-85% in the visible spectrum （380 ≤ λ≤ 760 nm） and reflect radiation of above 90% in the infrared spectrum （ λ≥760 nm）. Such multi-layer coatings are strongly recommended not only as promising transparent heat mirrors but also as photo-catalytic films for architectural window coatings.展开更多
The vast superiority in resource sustainability and volumetric energy density enables metallic zinc(Zn)to construct costeffective and environment-benign battery systems for the energy storage.However,the problems of Z...The vast superiority in resource sustainability and volumetric energy density enables metallic zinc(Zn)to construct costeffective and environment-benign battery systems for the energy storage.However,the problems of Zn dendrites and poor Coulombic efficiency(CE)during cell’s whole life cycle stump its advancement as a rechargeable battery choice.The solution is to modulate the Zn^(2+) desolvation prior to electro-reduction and subsequent deposition.Herein,a transferred protection tactic via a bifunctional sulfonated covalent polymer interlayer is proposed to regulate the Zn2+desolvation,which affects the formation of solid-electrolyte interphase,and guides its plating along with preferable(002)crystal plane.Thus,the high initial CE of 96.3%and the long-term average CE of 99.8%for 310 cycles are achieved in Zn||Cu cells and 570-h circulation is also realized at 2 mA cm^(-2)/10 mAh cm^(-2)in Zn||Zn cells.Besides,Zn||hydrated vanadium oxide-based full batteries with the low-concentration organic electrolytes are also demonstrated with the high specific capacity of 173.8 mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)and 64%capacity retention over 305 cycles and oriented Zn deposition.展开更多
A comparative evaluation of the friction and wear behaviors of 40CrNiMoA steel and Inconel 718 alloy sliding against Si_(3)N_(4) counterparts was conducted over a large temperature range from room temperature(RT)to 80...A comparative evaluation of the friction and wear behaviors of 40CrNiMoA steel and Inconel 718 alloy sliding against Si_(3)N_(4) counterparts was conducted over a large temperature range from room temperature(RT)to 800℃.The temperature‐dependent tribological properties associated with the resulting chemical mitigation and structural adaptation of the solid sliding surface were clarified by surface/interface characterizations.The results revealed desirable performance in reducing friction and wear at elevated temperatures,which was associated with the resulting oxide composite filmʹs adaptive lubricating capability,whereas severe abrasive wear occurred at room/ambient temperatures.The oxidative‐abrasive differentials for the two alloys were further discussed by considering the combined effect of temperature and stressed‐shearing conditions.展开更多
基金supports from the Beijing Laboratory of New Energy Storage Technology, North China Electric Power Universitythe Program of the National Energy Storage Industry-Education Platformthe Interdisciplinary Innovation Program of North China Electric Power University (No. XM2212315)
文摘Metal-carbon dioxide(CO_(2))batteries hold great promise for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and are regarded as one of the most promising energy storage techniques due to their efficiency advantages in CO_(2)recovery and conversion.Moreover,rechargeable nonaqueous metal-CO_(2)batteries have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical energy density.However,the stability issues of the electrode-electrolyte interfaces of nonaqueous metal-CO_(2)(lithium(Li)/sodium(Na)/potassium(K)-CO_(2))batteries have been troubling its development,and a large number of related research in the field of electrolytes have conducted in recent years.This review retraces the short but rapid research history of nonaqueous metal-CO_(2)batteries with a detailed electrochemical mechanism analysis.Then it focuses on the basic characteristics and design principles of electrolytes,summarizes the latest achievements of various types of electrolytes in a timely manner and deeply analyzes the construction strategies of stable electrode-electrolyte interfaces for metal-CO_(2)batteries.Finally,the key issues related to electrolytes and interface engineering are fully discussed and several potential directions for future research are proposed.This review enriches a comprehensive understanding of electrolytes and interface engineering toward the practical applications of next-generation metal-CO_(2)batteries.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L223009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075029)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2500300)the Key Research and Development(R&D)Projects of Shanxi Province(2021020660301013)。
文摘All-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)are considered as one of the ultimate goals for the development of energy storage systems due to their high energy density and high safety.However,the mismatching of interface transport kinetics as well as interfacial instability induces the growth of lithium dendrite and thus,leads to severe degradation of battery electrochemical performances.Herein,an integrated interface configuration(IIC)consisting of in-situ generated Li I interphase and Li-Ag alloy anode is proposed through in-situ interface chemistry.The IIC is capable of not only regulating charge transport kinetics but also synchronously stabilizing the lithium/electrolyte interface,thereby achieving uniform lithium platting.Therefore,Li||Li symmetric cells with IIC achieve a critical current density of up to 1.6 mA cm^(-2)and achieve stable cycling over 1600 hours at a high current density of 0.5 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,a high discharge capacity of 140.1 mA h g-1at 0.1 C is also obtained for the Li(Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2))O_(2)(NCM622)full battery with a capacity retention of 65.6%after 300 cycles.This work provides an effective method to synergistically regulate the interface transport kinetics and inhibit lithium dendrite growth for high-performance ASSLMBs.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Programs(Grant No.2021YFB2400400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51772093,52202284)+5 种基金Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.2020GK1010-2020GK1014-4)Distinguished Youth Foun-dation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2019JJ20010)Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.LQ23E020002)Wenzhou Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.G20220019)Cooperation between industry and education project of Ministry of Education(Grant No.220601318235513)State Key Laboratory of Elec-trical Insulation and Power Equipment,Xi'an Jiaotong University(Grant No.EIPE22208).
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are considered as a low-cost complementary or alternative system to prestigious lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of their similar working principle to LIBs,cost-effectiveness,and sustainable availability of sodium resources,especially in large-scale energy storage systems(EESs).Among various cathode candidates for SIBs,Na-based layered transition metal oxides have received extensive attention for their relatively large specific capacity,high operating potential,facile synthesis,and environmental benignity.However,there are a series of fatal issues in terms of poor air stability,unstable cathode/electrolyte interphase,and irreversible phase transition that lead to unsatisfactory battery performance from the perspective of preparation to application,outside to inside of layered oxide cathodes,which severely limit their practical application.This work is meant to review these critical problems associated with layered oxide cathodes to understand their fundamental roots and degradation mechanisms,and to provide a comprehensive summary of mainstream modification strategies including chemical substitution,surface modification,structure modulation,and so forth,concentrating on how to improve air stability,reduce interfacial side reaction,and suppress phase transition for realizing high structural reversibility,fast Na+kinetics,and superior comprehensive electrochemical performance.The advantages and disadvantages of different strategies are discussed,and insights into future challenges and opportunities for layered oxide cathodes are also presented.
基金Taishan Scholar Project Foundation of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:ts20190908Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Numbers:ZR2021ZD05,ZR2019MB024National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:U1764258,21871164。
文摘The need for large-scale electrochemical energy storage devices in the future has spawned several new breeds of batteries in which aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted great attention due to their high safety,low cost,and excellent electrochemical performance.In the current research,the dendrite and corrosion caused by aqueous electrolytes are the main problems being studied.However,the research on the zinc metal anode is still in its infancy.We think it really needs to provide clear guidelines about how to reasonably configure the system of AZIBs to realize high-energy density and long cycle life.Therefore,it is worth analyzing the works on the zinc anode,and several strategies are proposed to improve the stability and cycle life of the battery in recent years.Based on the crystal chemistry and interface chemistry,this review reveals the key factors and essential causes that inhibit dendrite growth and side reactions and puts forward the potential prospects for future work in this direction.It is foreseeable that guiding the construction of AZIBs with high-energy density and long cycle life in various systems would be quite possible by following this overview as a roadmap.
基金CSIRO Energy Centre and Kick‐Start ProjectAustralian Research Council(ARC)Future Fellowships,Grant/Award Numbers:FT210100298,FT210100806+9 种基金Key Project of Scientific Research of the Education Department of Liaoning Province,Grant/Award Number:LZD201902National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51873085,52071171Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program‐Pan Deng Scholars,Grant/Award Numbers:XLYC1802005,XLYC2007056Industrial Transformation Training Centre,Grant/Award Number:IC180100005Shenyang Science and Technology Project,Grant/Award Number:21‐108‐9‐04veski-Study Melbourne Research Partnerships(SMRP)projectLiaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program,Grant/Award Number:LNBQW2018B0048Natural Science Fund of Liaoning Province for Excellent Young Scholars,Grant/Award Number:2019‐YQ‐04Discovery Project,Grant/Award Number:DP220100603Linkage project,Grant/Award Number:LP210100467。
文摘The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into value‐added fuels and chemicals presents a sustainable route to alleviate CO_(2) emissions,promote carbon‐neutral cycles and reduce the dependence on fossil fuels.Considering the thermodynamic stability of the CO_(2) molecule and sluggish reaction kinetics,it is still a challenge to design highly efficient electrocatalysts for the CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).It has been found that the surface and interface chemistry of electrocatalysts can modulate the electronic structure and increase the active sites,which is favorable for CO_(2) adsorption,electron transfer,mass transport,and optimizing adsorption strength of reaction intermediates.However,the effect of surface and interface chemistry on metal‐free electrocatalysts(MFEs)for CO_(2)RR has not been comprehensively reviewed.Herein,we discuss the importance of the surface and interface chemistry on MFEs for improving the electrochemical CO_(2)RR performance based on thermodynamic and kinetic views.The fundamentals and challenges of CO_(2)RR are firstly presented.Then,the recent advances of the surface and interface chemistry in improving reaction rate and overcoming reaction constraints are reviewed from regulating electronic structure,active sites,electron transfer,mass transport,and intermediate binding energy.Finally,the research challenges and prospects are proposed to suggest the future designs of advanced MFEs in CO_(2)RR.
基金supported by the Special Project of Shanghai Nano Technology (0852nm02400 and 0752nm012)Shaoxing Science and Technology Commission (2007A21015)+3 种基金Shanghai Rising-Star Program (07QA14026)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10804072)the Key Fundamental Project of Shanghai (08JC1410400)Shanghai Education Commission (07zz143)
文摘Synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy was used to study the formation process of Er2O3/Si（001） imerface and film during epitaxial growth on Si. A shift in the O core-level binding energy was found accompanied by a shift in the Er2O3 valence band maximum. This shift depended on the oxide layer thickness and interfacial structure. An interfacial layer was observed at the initial growth of Er2O3 film on Si, which was supposed to be attributed to the effect of Er atom catalytic oxidation effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22175108&22379086)the Natural Scientific Foundation(ZR2022ZD27)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(NO.tstp20221105).
文摘Zinc-iodine(Zn-I_(2))batteries have emerged as a compelling candidate for large-scale energy storage,driven by the grow-ing demand for safe,cost-effective,and sustainable alternatives to conventional systems.Benefiting from the inherent advantages of aqueous electrolytes and zinc metal anodes,including high ionic conductivity,low flammability,natural abundance,and high volumetric capacity,Zn-I_(2)batteries offer significant potential for grid-level deployment.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in three critical domains:positive-electrode engineering,zinc anode stabilization,and in situ characterization methods.On the cathode side,anchoring iodine to conductive matrices effectively mitigates polyiodide shuttling and enhances the kinetics of I−/I_(2)conversion.Advanced in situ characterization has enabled real-time monitoring of polyiodide intermediates(I_(3)−/I_(5)−),offering new insights into electrolyte-electrode interactions and guiding the development of functional additives to suppress shuttle effects.For the zinc anode,innovations such as pro-tective interfacial layers,three-dimensional host frameworks,and targeted electrolyte additives have shown efficacy in suppressing dendrite growth and side reactions,thus improving cycling stability and coulombic efficiency.Despite these advances,challenges remain in achieving long-term reversibility and structural integrity under practical conditions.Future directions include the design of synergistic electrolyte systems,and integrated electrode architectures that simultaneously optimize chemical stability,ion transport and mechanical durability for next-generation Zn-I_(2)battery technologies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22375170,21875111)the Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory(HRTP-[2022]-45)the Plans for the Recruitment of Top-notch Talent by Fujian Province and Xiamen City。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are facing the challenges of low stability of Zn anodes with dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reaction in promoting commercial applications.We report herein a dualconfiguration bifunctional DL-citrulline(DL-Cit)as an electrolyte additive to stabilize Zn anodes for ultralong cycle-life aqueous energy storage.Trace amounts of DL-Cit reconstruct the solvation structure of Zn^(2+)via strong interactions with Zn^(2+),while DL-Cit is preferentially adsorbed on Zn anode surfaces to orchestrate the ion flux and ensure uniform Zn deposition.The well-formed flat Zn(002)texture not only enhances the electrochemical stability of Zn anodes but also exhibits more significant orientation priority upon increasing current density.These properties endow Zn anodes with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.7% after 1500 cycles and a long cycle life of over 3000 h,achieving an ultrahigh cumulative plating capacity of 4.8 Ah cm^(-2)even under rigorous plating/stripping conditions(8 mA cm^(-2)).Consequently,the Zn||MnO_(2)full cells provide a high capacity of 143.35 mA h g-1after continuous cycling for more than3000 cycles.The Zn||activated carbon hybrid capacitors with DL-Cit additives operate stably beyond30,000 cycles.This versatile electrolyte strategy provides an effective solution for the practical application of Zn-based energy storage devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21872058)。
文摘Li-metal is an ideal anode that can provide rechargeable batteries with high energy density,but its application in large scale is restricted by its high activity that leads to the severe decomposition of electrolyte components(solvents and salts) and the growth of Li dendrites.These parasitic reactions are responsible for the cycle life deterioration and the safety accidents of rechargeable Li-metal batteries.Correspondingly,much effort has been made to regulate Li/electrolyte interface chemistry.In this review,we summarize some strategies that have been developed recently to stabilize Li/electrolyte interface by constructing protective interphases on Li-metal anodes.Firstly,the currently available understandings on the instability of Li/electrolyte interface are outlined.Then,artificial interphases recently constructed exsitu and in-situ are illustrated in detail.Finally,possible approaches to acquire more efficiently protective interphases are prospected.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea,funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(RS-2024-00445552)(50%)supported by the Technology Innovation Program(RS-2024-00509266,Development of Next-generation dielectric and electrode process equipment for logic 1 nm or less and memory x nm level)funded By the Ministry of Trade Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea).
文摘The impact of oxygen content in the Ru electrode,grown using atomic layer deposition on ferroelectricity in Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film is investigated.The oxygen content in Ru can be modulated by simply adjusting the deposition temperature from 210℃to 300◦C.Higher oxygen content in Ru reduces the oxygen vacancy concentration in subsequently grown Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film,thereby mitigating the wake-up effect.However,the monoclinic phase fraction increased with decreasing Ru deposition temperature,resulting in a decrease in remanent polarization.The decreased oxygen vacancy concentration by oxygen diffusion from Ru electrode deposited at 210℃could decrease the leakage current density compared to that grown at higher temperatures.Nonetheless,the switching endurance of Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film grown on Ru deposited at 210℃was shorter than those on Ru deposited at 300℃by 2 order of magnitude,being attributed to the oxygen diffusion caused interfacial damages.This observation suggests that the interfacial redox reactions between the electrode and Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)critically influence defect concentration,polymorphism,and the resulting ferroelectricity when using an atomic layer deposited Ru electrode to examine the impact of interfacial redox chemistry.
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST)instrumentation program of China(No.2012YQ04014007)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSF)(No.21475010)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(BNSF)(No.16L00065)State Key Laboratory Explosion Science and Technology(No.YBKT16-17)
文摘Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry（CE-MS） is a powerful separation and analytical technique in the field of analytical chemistry. This review provides an update of instrumentation developments in the methodology of CE-MS systems. A selection of relevant articles covers the literatures published from Jan. 2013 to Feb. 2017. Special attentions were paid to the sample injection and ionization processes.Applications of these CE-MS systems were also introduced through representative examples. General conclusions and perspectives were given at the last.
文摘A novel TiO2（5）/TiO2（buffer）/Ti（4）/Ag（3）/Ti（2）/TiO2（1） multi-layer film coating with corning glass is designed and fabricated by a dc magnetron sputtering method as a renovation of the well-known TiO2/Ti/Ag/Ti/TiO2 system in order to obtain a heat mirror system with photocatalytic properties due to sufficient thickness of the Ti02 layer. The outer TiO2 layer is fabricated in two steps, possibly claimed as two layers TiO2（5） and TiO2（buuer）, among which TiO2（buffer） the 70-nm-thick layer deposited in poor oxygen effectively minimizes the oxidation toward its neighbor Ti（4） layer. The optimal total thickness of the TiO2（5） and TiO（buffer） di-layer is found to be 300nm to yield a highly photo-catalytic property of the film without affecting the optical properties considerably. This multi-layer film can transmit light of above 75-85% in the visible spectrum （380 ≤ λ≤ 760 nm） and reflect radiation of above 90% in the infrared spectrum （ λ≥760 nm）. Such multi-layer coatings are strongly recommended not only as promising transparent heat mirrors but also as photo-catalytic films for architectural window coatings.
基金supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51803054)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan province(2020JJ3022,2019JJ50223)+1 种基金Education Department of Hunan province(19B270)supported by National Key Research and Development Programs(2021YFB2400400)。
文摘The vast superiority in resource sustainability and volumetric energy density enables metallic zinc(Zn)to construct costeffective and environment-benign battery systems for the energy storage.However,the problems of Zn dendrites and poor Coulombic efficiency(CE)during cell’s whole life cycle stump its advancement as a rechargeable battery choice.The solution is to modulate the Zn^(2+) desolvation prior to electro-reduction and subsequent deposition.Herein,a transferred protection tactic via a bifunctional sulfonated covalent polymer interlayer is proposed to regulate the Zn2+desolvation,which affects the formation of solid-electrolyte interphase,and guides its plating along with preferable(002)crystal plane.Thus,the high initial CE of 96.3%and the long-term average CE of 99.8%for 310 cycles are achieved in Zn||Cu cells and 570-h circulation is also realized at 2 mA cm^(-2)/10 mAh cm^(-2)in Zn||Zn cells.Besides,Zn||hydrated vanadium oxide-based full batteries with the low-concentration organic electrolytes are also demonstrated with the high specific capacity of 173.8 mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)and 64%capacity retention over 305 cycles and oriented Zn deposition.
基金The research received great support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51575505 and 51675508)The work is also funded by Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery Project(DP)(No.150103718).
文摘A comparative evaluation of the friction and wear behaviors of 40CrNiMoA steel and Inconel 718 alloy sliding against Si_(3)N_(4) counterparts was conducted over a large temperature range from room temperature(RT)to 800℃.The temperature‐dependent tribological properties associated with the resulting chemical mitigation and structural adaptation of the solid sliding surface were clarified by surface/interface characterizations.The results revealed desirable performance in reducing friction and wear at elevated temperatures,which was associated with the resulting oxide composite filmʹs adaptive lubricating capability,whereas severe abrasive wear occurred at room/ambient temperatures.The oxidative‐abrasive differentials for the two alloys were further discussed by considering the combined effect of temperature and stressed‐shearing conditions.
