The 2008-05-12 Wenchuan mud-volcano-earthquake was accompanied with eruption of a huge volume of gas and stone,revealing that earthquakes generally result from instant reverse phase explosion of supercritical water(SC...The 2008-05-12 Wenchuan mud-volcano-earthquake was accompanied with eruption of a huge volume of gas and stone,revealing that earthquakes generally result from instant reverse phase explosion of supercritical water(SCW) at the supercritical point.In the deep parts of the crust and mantle there still exists a large amount of supercritical water equivalent in order of magnitude to that of the Earth's hydrosphere.Soft fluids which exist in the MOHO at the top of the upper mantle are the so-called deep supercritical fluids(SCWD).Supercritical water(SCW) has n×103 times strong capability to dissolve gas.Its viscosity is extremely low and its diffusivity is extremely strong.Therefore,it can naturally migrate toward a region with relatively negative pressure.In the steep break zone of the MOHO at the 57-65 km depth beneath the earthquake belt,due to mutation of overburden pressure,SCWD can automatically separate out CaSiO3 and other inorganic salts,evolving into the SCW(H2O-CO2-CH4O system.In going upwards to the 10-20-km depth of the crust SCW will be accumulated as an earthquake-pregnant reservoir in the broken terrain.The phase-transition heat of SCW is estimated at 606.62 kJ/kg and the reverse phasing kinetic energy is 2350.8 kJ/kg.When automatic exhaust at the time of decompression reaches the critical pressure(Pc),the instant explosion reverse phase will be normal-state air water.It will release a huge volume of energy and high-kinetic-energy gas which has been expanded by a factor of 1000,leading to the breaking of the country rocks overlying the earthquake-pregnant reservoir,thus giving rise to a Ms 8.0 earthquake.As a result,there were formed eruptive and air-driven(pneumatic) debris flows whose volumatric flow rate reaches n×1014 m3/s,and their force greatly exceeds the power of INT explosive of the same equivalent value.展开更多
In the paper the wave attenuation in a two layer fluid system is studied.The fluid in the top layer is ideal and that in the lower layer is the Voigt model of the viscoelastic medium.A dispersion relation is derived a...In the paper the wave attenuation in a two layer fluid system is studied.The fluid in the top layer is ideal and that in the lower layer is the Voigt model of the viscoelastic medium.A dispersion relation is derived and the rate of the wave decay is computed.The approximate explicit expressions of the decay rate for different water depth are given,where the viscoelasticity is either very large or very small.Compared with the numerical results,our results are very accurate,which can be used by an engineer.展开更多
文摘The 2008-05-12 Wenchuan mud-volcano-earthquake was accompanied with eruption of a huge volume of gas and stone,revealing that earthquakes generally result from instant reverse phase explosion of supercritical water(SCW) at the supercritical point.In the deep parts of the crust and mantle there still exists a large amount of supercritical water equivalent in order of magnitude to that of the Earth's hydrosphere.Soft fluids which exist in the MOHO at the top of the upper mantle are the so-called deep supercritical fluids(SCWD).Supercritical water(SCW) has n×103 times strong capability to dissolve gas.Its viscosity is extremely low and its diffusivity is extremely strong.Therefore,it can naturally migrate toward a region with relatively negative pressure.In the steep break zone of the MOHO at the 57-65 km depth beneath the earthquake belt,due to mutation of overburden pressure,SCWD can automatically separate out CaSiO3 and other inorganic salts,evolving into the SCW(H2O-CO2-CH4O system.In going upwards to the 10-20-km depth of the crust SCW will be accumulated as an earthquake-pregnant reservoir in the broken terrain.The phase-transition heat of SCW is estimated at 606.62 kJ/kg and the reverse phasing kinetic energy is 2350.8 kJ/kg.When automatic exhaust at the time of decompression reaches the critical pressure(Pc),the instant explosion reverse phase will be normal-state air water.It will release a huge volume of energy and high-kinetic-energy gas which has been expanded by a factor of 1000,leading to the breaking of the country rocks overlying the earthquake-pregnant reservoir,thus giving rise to a Ms 8.0 earthquake.As a result,there were formed eruptive and air-driven(pneumatic) debris flows whose volumatric flow rate reaches n×1014 m3/s,and their force greatly exceeds the power of INT explosive of the same equivalent value.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China by the Lianyungang Port Office,China
文摘In the paper the wave attenuation in a two layer fluid system is studied.The fluid in the top layer is ideal and that in the lower layer is the Voigt model of the viscoelastic medium.A dispersion relation is derived and the rate of the wave decay is computed.The approximate explicit expressions of the decay rate for different water depth are given,where the viscoelasticity is either very large or very small.Compared with the numerical results,our results are very accurate,which can be used by an engineer.
