The word ＂interdiscipline＂ is exotic. Since was imported,it has caused wide attention from Chinese scholars.However,due to the influence of national,regional and individual way of thinking,the understanding and inte...The word ＂interdiscipline＂ is exotic. Since was imported,it has caused wide attention from Chinese scholars.However,due to the influence of national,regional and individual way of thinking,the understanding and interpretation of primitive meaning of ＂interdiscipline＂ is complex and questionable. Therefore. it is necessary to define ＂interdiscipline＂. It is no doubt that the interdiscipline is after disciplines. What are exactly the common and the differences between them and what are their own features are meaningful and worth to discussing.展开更多
The traditional legal education model based on the discipline system of “theoretical law + departmental law” overemphasizes professional subdivision, resulting not only in the separation of different disciplines fro...The traditional legal education model based on the discipline system of “theoretical law + departmental law” overemphasizes professional subdivision, resulting not only in the separation of different disciplines from each other, but also in the narrow thinking mode, single knowledge structure, and weak practical ability of trained legal talent, who are therefore hardly adapted to the needs of the era, which are characterized as cross boundary social problems and comprehensive knowledge application. All in all, the training of high-quality interdisciplinary legal talents lags behind social reform and the practice of the rule of law. In the context of comprehensively promoting the development of the new liberal arts, developing the new liberal arts, i.e., deep cross-integration, has penetrated into the construction of the law discipline, broken through the inherent limitations of law knowledge, promoted the interdisciplinary development of law education, and helped cultivate the ability of law students to integrate interdisciplinary knowledge. The development of new law science should proceed step by step, from shallow to deep. It should follow the guidance of social needs, break down discipline barriers, innovate cross-integration mechanisms, transform and upgrade from the “small crossover” among various departmental laws within the law discipline to the “big crossover” between the law discipline and other disciplines, and transform from the innovation of research methods to the innovation of the structure of disciplines. The cultivation of inter disciplines should focus on emerging fields such as national security, artificial intelligence, and social governance.展开更多
The development of industrialization and urbanization has intensified the coupling of human activities and hydrological processes and promoted the emergence of socio-hydrology.This paper addresses the issue of socio-h...The development of industrialization and urbanization has intensified the coupling of human activities and hydrological processes and promoted the emergence of socio-hydrology.This paper addresses the issue of socio-hydrology due to new development and social demand for hydrological sciences and sustainable development.Four key scientific issues are identified through systematic analysis and summary of the relative research and international progress,i.e.,(1)the long-term dynamic process of socio-hydrological system evolution;(2)quantitative description and driving mechanism analysis of socio-hydrological coupling system;(3)prediction of the trajectories of socio-hydrological system co-evolution,and(4)integrated water resource management from the perspective of water systems.Moreover,opportunities and challenges for developing socio-hydrology are emphasized,including(1)strengthening the research of interdisciplinary theoretical systems;(2)improving and broadening socio-hydrological research technical methods,and(3)supporting integrated water resources management(IWRM)for sustainable utilization goals(SDGs).The review is expected to provide a reference for the future development of socio-hydrology discipline.展开更多
Precooling is of significant importance for postharvest fruits and vegetables to control the quality degradation and prolong the shelf-life.Current precooling methods include room cooling,forced-air cooling,hydrocooli...Precooling is of significant importance for postharvest fruits and vegetables to control the quality degradation and prolong the shelf-life.Current precooling methods include room cooling,forced-air cooling,hydrocooling,vacuum cooling,contact or package icing,and cryogenic cooling,all of which have their advantages and disadvantages.The first two methods with the cooling medium of air are extensively used because of the wide applicable range of fruits and vegetables.Numerous studies have been devoted to cope with the drawbacks of these two air-based precooling methods with various evaluation criteria and optimization methods.A systematic literature review on these studies is firstly conducted with respect to experimental and numerical investigations respectively for the two methods.The main contributions from the previous studies are also summarized respectively with the research objectives and performance metrics.The literature review indicates that the current performance evaluation is limited to apparent parameters and the optimal design is only proposed based on the performance evaluation and comparison.Furthermore,with inspiration from the research in other domains,a scheme of advanced evaluation and optimization for air-based precooling methods is proposed with thermodynamic evaluation metrics and constructal optimization methods from the interdisciplinary perspective.展开更多
The research of nanoscale process engineering (NPE) is based on the interdisciplinary nature of nano-scale science and technology. It mainly deals with transformation of materials and energy into nanostructured materi...The research of nanoscale process engineering (NPE) is based on the interdisciplinary nature of nano-scale science and technology. It mainly deals with transformation of materials and energy into nanostructured materials and nanodevices, and synergizes the multidisciplinary convergence between materials science and technology, bio-technology, and information technology. The core technologies of NPE concern all aspects of nanodevice construction and operation, such as manufacture of nanomaterials by design? concepts and design of nanoarchitectures, and manufacture and control of customizable nanodevices. Two main targets of NPE at present are focused on nanoscale manufacture and concept design of nanodevices. The research progress of nanoscale manufacturing processes focused on creating nanostructures and assembling them into nanosystems and larger scale architectures has built the interdis-cipline of NPE. The concepts and design of smart, multi-functional, environmentally compatible and customizable nan-odevice prototypes built from the nanostructured systems of nanocrystalline, nanoporous and microemulsion systems are most challenging tasks of NPE. The development of NPE may also impel us to consider the curriculum and educa-tional reform of chemical engineering in universities.展开更多
文摘The word ＂interdiscipline＂ is exotic. Since was imported,it has caused wide attention from Chinese scholars.However,due to the influence of national,regional and individual way of thinking,the understanding and interpretation of primitive meaning of ＂interdiscipline＂ is complex and questionable. Therefore. it is necessary to define ＂interdiscipline＂. It is no doubt that the interdiscipline is after disciplines. What are exactly the common and the differences between them and what are their own features are meaningful and worth to discussing.
基金This article is the research result of“Exploration and Practice of the Development of Emerging Interdisciplinary Law Majors”(No.2021060035),one of the first projects of research and reform practice in the new liberal arts under the auspices of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China.
文摘The traditional legal education model based on the discipline system of “theoretical law + departmental law” overemphasizes professional subdivision, resulting not only in the separation of different disciplines from each other, but also in the narrow thinking mode, single knowledge structure, and weak practical ability of trained legal talent, who are therefore hardly adapted to the needs of the era, which are characterized as cross boundary social problems and comprehensive knowledge application. All in all, the training of high-quality interdisciplinary legal talents lags behind social reform and the practice of the rule of law. In the context of comprehensively promoting the development of the new liberal arts, developing the new liberal arts, i.e., deep cross-integration, has penetrated into the construction of the law discipline, broken through the inherent limitations of law knowledge, promoted the interdisciplinary development of law education, and helped cultivate the ability of law students to integrate interdisciplinary knowledge. The development of new law science should proceed step by step, from shallow to deep. It should follow the guidance of social needs, break down discipline barriers, innovate cross-integration mechanisms, transform and upgrade from the “small crossover” among various departmental laws within the law discipline to the “big crossover” between the law discipline and other disciplines, and transform from the innovation of research methods to the innovation of the structure of disciplines. The cultivation of inter disciplines should focus on emerging fields such as national security, artificial intelligence, and social governance.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of ChinaNo.41890824,No.42101043+1 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.XDA23040304。
文摘The development of industrialization and urbanization has intensified the coupling of human activities and hydrological processes and promoted the emergence of socio-hydrology.This paper addresses the issue of socio-hydrology due to new development and social demand for hydrological sciences and sustainable development.Four key scientific issues are identified through systematic analysis and summary of the relative research and international progress,i.e.,(1)the long-term dynamic process of socio-hydrological system evolution;(2)quantitative description and driving mechanism analysis of socio-hydrological coupling system;(3)prediction of the trajectories of socio-hydrological system co-evolution,and(4)integrated water resource management from the perspective of water systems.Moreover,opportunities and challenges for developing socio-hydrology are emphasized,including(1)strengthening the research of interdisciplinary theoretical systems;(2)improving and broadening socio-hydrological research technical methods,and(3)supporting integrated water resources management(IWRM)for sustainable utilization goals(SDGs).The review is expected to provide a reference for the future development of socio-hydrology discipline.
基金The support of the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFD0400106)the support from Beijing Engineering Research Center of City Heat are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Precooling is of significant importance for postharvest fruits and vegetables to control the quality degradation and prolong the shelf-life.Current precooling methods include room cooling,forced-air cooling,hydrocooling,vacuum cooling,contact or package icing,and cryogenic cooling,all of which have their advantages and disadvantages.The first two methods with the cooling medium of air are extensively used because of the wide applicable range of fruits and vegetables.Numerous studies have been devoted to cope with the drawbacks of these two air-based precooling methods with various evaluation criteria and optimization methods.A systematic literature review on these studies is firstly conducted with respect to experimental and numerical investigations respectively for the two methods.The main contributions from the previous studies are also summarized respectively with the research objectives and performance metrics.The literature review indicates that the current performance evaluation is limited to apparent parameters and the optimal design is only proposed based on the performance evaluation and comparison.Furthermore,with inspiration from the research in other domains,a scheme of advanced evaluation and optimization for air-based precooling methods is proposed with thermodynamic evaluation metrics and constructal optimization methods from the interdisciplinary perspective.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50071057,20236020)the support of the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Program)(Grant No.2003AA302630)
文摘The research of nanoscale process engineering (NPE) is based on the interdisciplinary nature of nano-scale science and technology. It mainly deals with transformation of materials and energy into nanostructured materials and nanodevices, and synergizes the multidisciplinary convergence between materials science and technology, bio-technology, and information technology. The core technologies of NPE concern all aspects of nanodevice construction and operation, such as manufacture of nanomaterials by design? concepts and design of nanoarchitectures, and manufacture and control of customizable nanodevices. Two main targets of NPE at present are focused on nanoscale manufacture and concept design of nanodevices. The research progress of nanoscale manufacturing processes focused on creating nanostructures and assembling them into nanosystems and larger scale architectures has built the interdis-cipline of NPE. The concepts and design of smart, multi-functional, environmentally compatible and customizable nan-odevice prototypes built from the nanostructured systems of nanocrystalline, nanoporous and microemulsion systems are most challenging tasks of NPE. The development of NPE may also impel us to consider the curriculum and educa-tional reform of chemical engineering in universities.
