A tin film of 320 nm in thickness on Cu foil and its composite film with graphite of-50 nm in thickness on it were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology, composition, surface distributions of allo...A tin film of 320 nm in thickness on Cu foil and its composite film with graphite of-50 nm in thickness on it were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology, composition, surface distributions of alloy elements, and lithium intercalation/de-intercalation behaviors of the fabricated films were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, electron probe microanalyzer （EPMA）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP）, cyclic voltammetry （CV）, and galvanostatic charge/discharge （GC） measurements. It is found that the lithium intercalation/de-intercalation behavior of the Sn film can be significantly improved by its composite with graphite. With cycling, the discharge capacity of the Sn film without composite changes from 570 mAh/g of the 2nd cycle to 270 mAh/g of the 20th cycle, and its efficiency for the discharge and charge is between 90% and 95%. Nevertheless, the discharge capacity of the composite Sn/C film changes from 575 mAh/g of the 2nd cycle to 515 mAh/g of the 20th cycle, and its efficiency for the discharge and charge is between 95% and 100%. The performance improvement of tin by its composite with graphite is ascribed to the retardation of the bulk tin cracking from volume change during lithium intercalation and de-intercalation, which leads to the pulverization of tin.展开更多
V_(2)O_(5)·nH_(2)O has been widely studied for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.The intercalation of inorganic ions has been used as a feasible method to improve the capacity of vanadium pentoxide.To further improve th...V_(2)O_(5)·nH_(2)O has been widely studied for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.The intercalation of inorganic ions has been used as a feasible method to improve the capacity of vanadium pentoxide.To further improve the stability,organic small molecule choline chloride intercalation is used to expand the spacing of the vanadium pentoxide layers and increase the cycling stability.Therefore,we consider the introduction of Sr^(2+)to cointercalate with choline chloride.Here,we synthes-ized vanadium pentoxide cointercalated with Sr^(2+)and choline ions(Ch^(+))via a simple hydrothermal method.The electro-chemical performance shows an enhanced cathode capacitance contribution of Sr&Ch-V_(2)O_(5),with a discharge capacity of 526 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1)and a retention rate of 78.9%after 2000 cycles at 5 A·g^(-1).This work offers a novel strategy for the design of organic‒inorganic hybrid materials for use as cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.展开更多
Intercalation catalysis research involves inserting metal ions,molecules,or ionic liquids into the layered structure of catalysts to adjust their electronic structure and surface properties,thereby optimizing catalyti...Intercalation catalysis research involves inserting metal ions,molecules,or ionic liquids into the layered structure of catalysts to adjust their electronic structure and surface properties,thereby optimizing catalytic reaction efficiency and selectivity[1–3].This technique has achieved significant progress in areas such as electrocatalysis,catalytic cracking,and energy conversion,especially in reactions like hydrogen generation,oxygen reduction,nitrogen reduction,and carbon dioxide reduction[4–6].Intercalation catalysis can enhance catalyst activity and selectivity,but challenges remain regarding stability,reusability,and industrial application.Future research will focus on developing new intercalation materials,optimizing catalyst design,and exploring their potential applications in complex environments[7].展开更多
Direct electrolysis of seawater offers a transformative technology for sustainable hydrogen production,circumventing the constraint of freshwater scarcity.However,the serious electrode corrosion and competitive chlori...Direct electrolysis of seawater offers a transformative technology for sustainable hydrogen production,circumventing the constraint of freshwater scarcity.However,the serious electrode corrosion and competitive chloride oxidation reactions make oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in seawater extremely challenging.Herein,the low-cost and scalable CoFe layered double hydroxides with Cl^(-)intercalation and decorated with Ce(OH)_(3)(named as CoFe-Cl^(-)/Ce(OH)_(3))catalyst is synthesized via rapid electrodeposition under ambient conditions,which is quickly reconstructed into a CeO_(2)decorated and Cl^(-)intercalated CoFeOOH(CoFeOOH-Cl^(-)/CeO_(2))during OER.Theoretical investigation reveals that Cl^(-)intercalation weakens the adsorption ability of Cl^(-)on Co/Fe atoms and hinders unfavorable coupling with chloride,thereby preventing the chlorine corrosion process and enhancing catalytic stability and activity.The CeO_(2)with hard Lewis acidity preferentially binds to OH-with harder Lewis base to ensure the OH-rich microenvironment around catalyst even under high current operating conditions,thus further enhancing stability and improving OER activity.The functionalized CoFe-Cl^(-)/Ce(OH)_(3)delivers 1000 mA cm^(-2)current density at only 329 mV overpotential with excellent stability for 1000 h under alkaline seawater.Electrochemical experiments elucidate the OER catalytic mechanism in which CeO_(2)serves as a co-catalyst for enriching OH-and CoFeOOH-Cl^(-)is the active species.Our work is a substantial step towards achieving massive and sustainable production of hydrogen fuel from immense seawater.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites(OIHPs)have been developed as promising candidates for photodetection,owing to their excellent semiconducting features and structural tunability.However,as an imp...Two-dimensional(2D)organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites(OIHPs)have been developed as promising candidates for photodetection,owing to their excellent semiconducting features and structural tunability.However,as an important parameter for photodetection,the photoresponsive range of 2D OIHPs is usually modulated by finite metal-halide combinations,constraining their further development.The emerging aromatic amine-based alternating-cations-interlayered(A-ACI)hybrid perovskites that exhibit excellent charge transport and additional interlayered structural designability,provide an extra solution for achieving ideal photoresponsive range.Herein,for the first time,the photoresponsive range is successfully broadened in A-ACI hybrid perovskites(NMA)_(4)(FA)_(2)Pb_(3)Br_(12)(2)remolding from(NMA)_(4)(MA)_(2)Pb_(3)Br_(12)(1)(NMA=N-methylbenzylaminium,FA=formamidinium and MA=methylammonium).Particularly,1 and 2adopt an unprecedented configuration that NMA and MA/FA are alternately arranged in the interlayer in a 4:2 manner.Importantly,2 exhibits a narrower bandgap than 1,which can be ascribed to the lowlying conduct band composed of intercalation FAπ*orbitals.Meanwhile,2 possesses a shorter interlayer distance and flatter inorganic skeleton,synergistically facilitating the wider photo-absorption range and further endowing a broadening photoresponsive range(70 nm).This research not only enriches the perovskite family but also provides insights into structure-property relationships.展开更多
Magnesium-ion batteries hold promise as future energy storage solutions,yet current Mg cathodes are challenged by low voltage and specific capacity.Herein,we present an AI-driven workflow for discovering high-performa...Magnesium-ion batteries hold promise as future energy storage solutions,yet current Mg cathodes are challenged by low voltage and specific capacity.Herein,we present an AI-driven workflow for discovering high-performance Mg cathode materials.Utilizing the common characteristics of various ionic intercalation-type electrodes,we design and train a Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Network model that can accurately predict electrode voltages for various ions with mean absolute errors(MAE)between0.25 and 0.33 V.By deploying the trained model to stable Mg compounds from Materials Project and GNoME AI dataset,we identify 160 high voltage structures out of 15,308 candidates with voltages above3.0 V and volumetric capacity over 800 mA h/cm^(3).We further train a precise NequIP model to facilitate accurate and rapid simulations of Mg ionic conductivity.From the 160 high voltage structures,the machine learning molecular dynamics simulations have selected 23 cathode materials with both high energy density and high ionic conductivity.This Al-driven workflow dramatically boosts the efficiency and precision of material discovery for multivalent ion batteries,paving the way for advanced Mg battery development.展开更多
MnBi_(2)Te_(4),which is emerging as an intrinsic antiferromagnetic(AFM)topological insulator,provides a unique platform to investigate the interplay between magnetism and topology.Modulating its magnetic properties en...MnBi_(2)Te_(4),which is emerging as an intrinsic antiferromagnetic(AFM)topological insulator,provides a unique platform to investigate the interplay between magnetism and topology.Modulating its magnetic properties enables the observation of exotic quantum phenomena such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect,axion insulator states,and Majorana fermions.While the intercalation of Bi_(2)Te_(3)can tune its magnetism,synthesizing pure-phase MnBi_(2)Te_(4)with uniform Bi_(2)Te_(3)intercalation remains challenging,and the fixed interlayer spacing of Bi_(2)Te_(3)limits magnetic coupling tunability.Here,we utilize electrochemical organic molecule intercalation to expand the van der Waals gap of MnBi_(2)Te_(4)and modulate its magnetic properties.Through x-ray diffraction(XRD)characterizations,we confirm that the interlayer spacing of MnBi_(2)Te_(4)is expanded from 13.6°A to 30.5°A and 61.0°A by intercalating quaternary ammonium cations(THA^(+)and CTA^(+)),respectively.The THA-MnBi_(2)Te_(4)exhibits dual complex magnetic behavior,combining AFM ordering with a Neel temperature(T_(N))of 12 K and a small ferromagnetic hysteresis loop at 2 K.The CTA-MnBi_(2)Te_(4)shows robust ferromagnetism,with a Curie point(T_(C))of 15 K,similar to that of the MnBi_(2)Te_(4)monolayer.These results demonstrate that remarkable changes in the magnetic properties of MnBi_(2)Te_(4)can be achieved via electrochemical intercalation,providing new insights into manipulating magnetism in layered magnetic materials.展开更多
Highly dispersed tungsten carbide（WC） nanoparticles（NPs） sandwiched between few-layer reduced graphene oxide（RGO） have been successfully synthesized by using thiourea as an anchoring and inducing reagent.The met...Highly dispersed tungsten carbide（WC） nanoparticles（NPs） sandwiched between few-layer reduced graphene oxide（RGO） have been successfully synthesized by using thiourea as an anchoring and inducing reagent.The metatungstate ion,[H2W（12）O（40）]^6-,is assembled on thiourea-modified graphene oxide（GO） by an impregnation method.The WC NPs,with a mean diameter of 1.5 nm,are obtained through a process whereby ammonium metatungstate first turns to WS2,which then forms an intercalation compound with RGO before growing,in situ,to WC NPs.The Pt/WC-RGO electrocatalysts are fabricated by a microwave-assisted method.The intimate contacts between Pt,WC,and RGO are confirmed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope,and Raman spectroscopy.For methanol oxidation,the Pt/WC-RGO electrocatalyst exhibited an electrochemical surface area value of 246.1 m^2/g Pt and a peak current density of1364.7 mA/mg Pt,which are,respectively,3.66 and 4.77 times greater than those of commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst（67.2 m^2/g Pt,286.0 mA/mg Pt）.The excellent CO-poisoning resistance and long-term stability of the electrocatalyst are also evidenced by CO stripping,chronoamperometry,and accelerated durability testing.Because Pt/WC-RGO has higher catalytic activity compared with that of commercial Pt/C,as a result of its intercalated structure and synergistic effect,less Pt will be required for the same performance,which in turn will reduce the cost of the fuel cell.The present method is facile,efficient,and scalable for mass production of the nanomaterials.展开更多
With the development of stable alkali metal anodes,V_(2)O_(5) is gaining traction as a cathode material due to its high theoretical capacity and the ability to intercalate Li,Na and K ions.Herein,we report a method fo...With the development of stable alkali metal anodes,V_(2)O_(5) is gaining traction as a cathode material due to its high theoretical capacity and the ability to intercalate Li,Na and K ions.Herein,we report a method for synthesizing structured orthorhombic V_(2)O_(5) microspheres and investigate Li intercalation/deintercalation into this material.For industry adoption,the electrochemical behavior of V_(2)O_(5) as well as structural and phase transformation attributing to Li intercalation reaction must be further investigated.Our synthesized V_(2)O_(5) microspheres consisted of small primary particles that were strongly joined together and exhibited good cycle stability and rate capability,triggered by reversible volume change and rapid Li ion diffusion.In addition,the reversibility of phase transformation(a,e,d,c and xLixV_(2)O_(5))and valence state evolution(5+,4+,and 3.5+)during intercalation/de-intercalation were studied via in-situ X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray absorption near edge structure analyses.展开更多
Phenolic resin/montmorillonite intercalation composites were prepared by using the methods of pressing intercalation and melt intercalation.Properties and structure of the composites were investigated by using XRD,TG ...Phenolic resin/montmorillonite intercalation composites were prepared by using the methods of pressing intercalation and melt intercalation.Properties and structure of the composites were investigated by using XRD,TG and test of softening point.It is indicated that both the pressing intercalation and melt intercalation can be used to prepare the phenolic resin/organo-montmorillonite intercalation nanocomposites.Compared with phenolic resin,the intercalation nanocomposites have better heat-resistance,higher decomposition temperatures and less thermal weight-loss.However,these two intercalation methods have different effects on the softening point of the intercalation nanocomposites.Pressing intercalation almost does not affect the softening point of the intercalation nanocomposites,while melt intercalation significantly increases the softening point of the intercalation nanocomposites, probably due to the chemical actions happening in the process of melt intercalation.展开更多
A precondition for correctly analyzing the stability of a slope and designing its bracing structure is to study and determine the influence of excavation blasting on the properties of weak intercalation in the layered...A precondition for correctly analyzing the stability of a slope and designing its bracing structure is to study and determine the influence of excavation blasting on the properties of weak intercalation in the layered rock slope. On the basis of in-situ stratification-cracking blasting tests, the properties of weak intercalation were investigated using the LS-DYNA3D program. The displacement distribution and compactness of weak intercalation at different positions away from the charge center and their various laws are discussed. The critical displacement of stratification-cracking （0.1 mm） was obtained, and an approximate expression of compactness were deduced. Furthermore, through the simulation of a layered rock blasting under the same geological conditions, the stratification-cracking effect of deep-hole blasting on the properties of weak intercalation was compared with that of short-hole blasting, and the influencing differences, in addition to their causes, were analyzed. The results indicated that the blasting cavity of weak intercalation in short-hole blasting with a radius of 40 mm was nearly a circle, whose radius was about 28.7 cm; whereas in deep-hole blasting with a radius of 150 mm, the shape of the blasting cavity was different from that in short-hole blasting, the radius of the cavity behind the charge （89.1 cm） was further smaller than those of the other three （138.7 cm）, and there were sharp crinkles on the surface of weak intercalation. When the distance from the charge center （DCC） was less than 40 and 150 cm in short-hole and deep-hole blasting, respectively, the displacement of weak intercalation was reduced remarkably with the increase in DCC.展开更多
Superfine graphite powder was prepared by ball-milling exfoliated graphite containing anhydrous CuCl2 in planetary ball milling systems. Nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds were synthesized by heating a ...Superfine graphite powder was prepared by ball-milling exfoliated graphite containing anhydrous CuCl2 in planetary ball milling systems. Nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds were synthesized by heating a mixture of anhydrous CuCl2 and graphite nanosheets. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were performed to characterize the microstructures of stage-1 nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds. The structure and components of the domain wall and core in the nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds are described. The results show that the content of CuCl2 in the mixture plays a crucial role in the size of the nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compound.展开更多
Studying new wood composites through nano science and technology (NSC) will develop new compounding theory of wood, and accelerate the combination of new technology, wood science, material science and other discipline...Studying new wood composites through nano science and technology (NSC) will develop new compounding theory of wood, and accelerate the combination of new technology, wood science, material science and other disciplines. The compounding of wood and inorganic MMT on nanoscale molecular level has high potential to greatly improve the mechanical properties, fire retardance, abrasion resistance, decay resistance, dimensional stability and other properties of wood. Based on the great achievements of polymer/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites, this paper reviewed nano intercalation compounding methods (i.e. in-situ intercalative polymerization and direct polymer intercalation), and discussed the structure, properties and modification of montmorillonite (MMT). According to the main chemical components and particular structure of wood, the authors discussed the liquefaction and plasticization of wood, compared the dissolvability and meltability between wood and polymer, and then systematically put forward the basic idea, technological processes and schematic diagram to prepare wood/MMT nanocomposites (WMNC). The key technology to prepare WMNC is either to introduce delaminated MMT nanolayers into wood with the help of some intermediate polymers, or to obtain liquefied wood or plasticized wood from the complicated natural composite. It is applicable and effective to realize wood/MMT nanoscale compounding with the help of proper intercalation agent and medium polymer through the proposed 搊ne-step?or 搕wo-step?impregnating processes.展开更多
A melanin synthesis inhibitor and bacteriostatic agent, kojic acid(KA) has been intercalated into Zn-Ti layered double hydroxide(LDH) by an anion-exchange reaction. The structure and the thermal stability of the sampl...A melanin synthesis inhibitor and bacteriostatic agent, kojic acid(KA) has been intercalated into Zn-Ti layered double hydroxide(LDH) by an anion-exchange reaction. The structure and the thermal stability of the samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TG-DTA and SEM. The study of KA release from ZnTi-KALDH in phosphate buffered solution(pH 5) implies that ZnTi-KA-LDH is a better controlled release system than pure KA. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of slow release were assessed by using four commonly kinetic models. The antimicrobial activity of ZnTi-KA-LDH was tested against three kinds of bacteria. The inhibition of L-dopa oxidation was tested to verify its skin whitening effect. The studies suggest that the kojic acid intercalated LDHs has the potential application as a safely functional composite in cosmetic.展开更多
Layered intercalated functional materials of layered double hydroxide type are an important class of functional materials developed in recent years. Based on long term studies on these materials in the State Key Labor...Layered intercalated functional materials of layered double hydroxide type are an important class of functional materials developed in recent years. Based on long term studies on these materials in the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering in Beiiing University of Chemical Technology, the orinciole for the design of controlled intercalation processes in the light of tuture production processing requirements has been developed. Intercalation assembly methods and technologies have been invented to control the intercalation process for preparing layered intercalated materials with various structures and functions.展开更多
Montmorillonite/cationic azobenzene dye（p-（δ-triethylammoniobutoxy）-p＇-methyl- azobenzene bromide） intercalation compounds were prepared by the conventional ion exchange method. As compared with that of pure cat...Montmorillonite/cationic azobenzene dye（p-（δ-triethylammoniobutoxy）-p＇-methyl- azobenzene bromide） intercalation compounds were prepared by the conventional ion exchange method. As compared with that of pure cationic azo-dye, the thermal stability of the intercalated dye was greatly enhanced, and the absorption band corresponding to azobenzene group in intercalated dye shifted towards longer wave length by 38 nm. This could be ascribed to the strong conjugation of cationic azo-dye supramolecular order structure（J cluster） confined in a nanoscale space of montmorillonite interlayer gallery. UV/vis spectra data show that the intercalated azo dye in the montmorillonite interlayer space exhibited reversible trans-to-cis photoisomerization and daylight cis-to-trans back reaction. FTIR indicates the successful intercalation of cationic azo-dye into the montmorillonite interlayer.展开更多
A kind of novel shape-stabilized phase change material （SSPCM） was prepared by using a melting intercalation technique. This kind of SSPCM was made of lauric acid （LA） as a phase change material and organophilic m...A kind of novel shape-stabilized phase change material （SSPCM） was prepared by using a melting intercalation technique. This kind of SSPCM was made of lauric acid （LA） as a phase change material and organophilic montmorillonite （OMMT） as a support material. And the thermal properties and morphology of the SSPCM were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, scanning electronic microscope （SEM）, scanning calorimeter （DSC）, and differential thermal cravimetry （TG）. The DSC result shows that the phase change temperature of the SSPCM is close to that of LA, and its latent heat is equivalent to that of the calculated value based on the mass ratio of LA measured by TG. The XRD, SEM and TEM results demonstrate that the LA intercalates into the silicate layers of the OMMT, thus forming a typically intercalted hybrid, which can restrict the molecular chain of the LA within the structure of OMMT at high temperature. And consequently SSPCM can keep its solid state during its solid-liquid phase change processing.展开更多
A gelatin/MMT nanocomposite was prepared in an aqueous solution and investigated by XRD,FTIR and 13 C NMR,and then the intercalation mechanism was discussed.The result of XRD indicated that the gelatin molecule...A gelatin/MMT nanocomposite was prepared in an aqueous solution and investigated by XRD,FTIR and 13 C NMR,and then the intercalation mechanism was discussed.The result of XRD indicated that the gelatin molecule had already inserted into the interlayer of MMT,and the intercalation or exfoliation structure had been achieved.The result of 13 C NMR demonstrated that the ions interaction between gelatin and MMT was attributed to the driving force for intercalation.In order to confirm the role of -COO - of gelatin in the combination with MMT,lauric sodium was brought in as a model to react with MMT,and was characterized by XRD and FTIR,the result proved that there existed a kind of strong interaction between -COO - and ions of MMT.展开更多
The intercalation of drug molecules with montmorillonit （MMT） using Acyclovir （ACV） as the model drug was focused on. The optimum conditions were studied based on orthogonal design, such as intercalation time and ...The intercalation of drug molecules with montmorillonit （MMT） using Acyclovir （ACV） as the model drug was focused on. The optimum conditions were studied based on orthogonal design, such as intercalation time and temperature. The intercalation composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transformed infrared （FT-IR）, and thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. The experimental results reveal that ACV is successfully intercalated into the interlayers of MMT, The in vitro release experiments reveal that ACV is released from MMT steadily and pH dependent.展开更多
Two kinds of Tb（ Ⅲ ） complexes with tetrapodal ligand, [TbL（NO3）]^3＋ and [TbL]^3＋ （L： 1,1, 1＇, 1＇-tera （ 2-pyridinecarboxylester ）-di （ trimethylpropane）） were intercalated into the interlayer space of...Two kinds of Tb（ Ⅲ ） complexes with tetrapodal ligand, [TbL（NO3）]^3＋ and [TbL]^3＋ （L： 1,1, 1＇, 1＇-tera （ 2-pyridinecarboxylester ）-di （ trimethylpropane）） were intercalated into the interlayer space of montmorillonite （MT） by ion exchange and coordination reaction of L with the Tb^3＋ ion existing in the interlayer space of Tb-MT respectively. The obtained luminescent supramolecular composite materials, [ TbL （NO3） ]^2＋-MT and [TbL]^3＋-MT were characterized by elemental analysis, XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis and thermal analysis. At the same time, the luminescent properties of the materials were also studied. The results show that the intercalated materials with regular layered structure, good thermal stability and the interlayer spacing （d001） approximates to the size of the complex ions which are located in the interlayer space of MT in the form of a monolayer.展开更多
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50771046 and 20373016) the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 05200534)the Key Projects of Guangdong Province and Guangzhou City, China (Nos. 2006A10704003 and 2006Z3-D2031)
文摘A tin film of 320 nm in thickness on Cu foil and its composite film with graphite of-50 nm in thickness on it were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology, composition, surface distributions of alloy elements, and lithium intercalation/de-intercalation behaviors of the fabricated films were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, electron probe microanalyzer （EPMA）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP）, cyclic voltammetry （CV）, and galvanostatic charge/discharge （GC） measurements. It is found that the lithium intercalation/de-intercalation behavior of the Sn film can be significantly improved by its composite with graphite. With cycling, the discharge capacity of the Sn film without composite changes from 570 mAh/g of the 2nd cycle to 270 mAh/g of the 20th cycle, and its efficiency for the discharge and charge is between 90% and 95%. Nevertheless, the discharge capacity of the composite Sn/C film changes from 575 mAh/g of the 2nd cycle to 515 mAh/g of the 20th cycle, and its efficiency for the discharge and charge is between 95% and 100%. The performance improvement of tin by its composite with graphite is ascribed to the retardation of the bulk tin cracking from volume change during lithium intercalation and de-intercalation, which leads to the pulverization of tin.
文摘V_(2)O_(5)·nH_(2)O has been widely studied for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.The intercalation of inorganic ions has been used as a feasible method to improve the capacity of vanadium pentoxide.To further improve the stability,organic small molecule choline chloride intercalation is used to expand the spacing of the vanadium pentoxide layers and increase the cycling stability.Therefore,we consider the introduction of Sr^(2+)to cointercalate with choline chloride.Here,we synthes-ized vanadium pentoxide cointercalated with Sr^(2+)and choline ions(Ch^(+))via a simple hydrothermal method.The electro-chemical performance shows an enhanced cathode capacitance contribution of Sr&Ch-V_(2)O_(5),with a discharge capacity of 526 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1)and a retention rate of 78.9%after 2000 cycles at 5 A·g^(-1).This work offers a novel strategy for the design of organic‒inorganic hybrid materials for use as cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
文摘Intercalation catalysis research involves inserting metal ions,molecules,or ionic liquids into the layered structure of catalysts to adjust their electronic structure and surface properties,thereby optimizing catalytic reaction efficiency and selectivity[1–3].This technique has achieved significant progress in areas such as electrocatalysis,catalytic cracking,and energy conversion,especially in reactions like hydrogen generation,oxygen reduction,nitrogen reduction,and carbon dioxide reduction[4–6].Intercalation catalysis can enhance catalyst activity and selectivity,but challenges remain regarding stability,reusability,and industrial application.Future research will focus on developing new intercalation materials,optimizing catalyst design,and exploring their potential applications in complex environments[7].
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372173,52072034)。
文摘Direct electrolysis of seawater offers a transformative technology for sustainable hydrogen production,circumventing the constraint of freshwater scarcity.However,the serious electrode corrosion and competitive chloride oxidation reactions make oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in seawater extremely challenging.Herein,the low-cost and scalable CoFe layered double hydroxides with Cl^(-)intercalation and decorated with Ce(OH)_(3)(named as CoFe-Cl^(-)/Ce(OH)_(3))catalyst is synthesized via rapid electrodeposition under ambient conditions,which is quickly reconstructed into a CeO_(2)decorated and Cl^(-)intercalated CoFeOOH(CoFeOOH-Cl^(-)/CeO_(2))during OER.Theoretical investigation reveals that Cl^(-)intercalation weakens the adsorption ability of Cl^(-)on Co/Fe atoms and hinders unfavorable coupling with chloride,thereby preventing the chlorine corrosion process and enhancing catalytic stability and activity.The CeO_(2)with hard Lewis acidity preferentially binds to OH-with harder Lewis base to ensure the OH-rich microenvironment around catalyst even under high current operating conditions,thus further enhancing stability and improving OER activity.The functionalized CoFe-Cl^(-)/Ce(OH)_(3)delivers 1000 mA cm^(-2)current density at only 329 mV overpotential with excellent stability for 1000 h under alkaline seawater.Electrochemical experiments elucidate the OER catalytic mechanism in which CeO_(2)serves as a co-catalyst for enriching OH-and CoFeOOH-Cl^(-)is the active species.Our work is a substantial step towards achieving massive and sustainable production of hydrogen fuel from immense seawater.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22435005,22193042,21921001,52202194,22305105,22201284)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ZDBSLY-SLH024)。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites(OIHPs)have been developed as promising candidates for photodetection,owing to their excellent semiconducting features and structural tunability.However,as an important parameter for photodetection,the photoresponsive range of 2D OIHPs is usually modulated by finite metal-halide combinations,constraining their further development.The emerging aromatic amine-based alternating-cations-interlayered(A-ACI)hybrid perovskites that exhibit excellent charge transport and additional interlayered structural designability,provide an extra solution for achieving ideal photoresponsive range.Herein,for the first time,the photoresponsive range is successfully broadened in A-ACI hybrid perovskites(NMA)_(4)(FA)_(2)Pb_(3)Br_(12)(2)remolding from(NMA)_(4)(MA)_(2)Pb_(3)Br_(12)(1)(NMA=N-methylbenzylaminium,FA=formamidinium and MA=methylammonium).Particularly,1 and 2adopt an unprecedented configuration that NMA and MA/FA are alternately arranged in the interlayer in a 4:2 manner.Importantly,2 exhibits a narrower bandgap than 1,which can be ascribed to the lowlying conduct band composed of intercalation FAπ*orbitals.Meanwhile,2 possesses a shorter interlayer distance and flatter inorganic skeleton,synergistically facilitating the wider photo-absorption range and further endowing a broadening photoresponsive range(70 nm).This research not only enriches the perovskite family but also provides insights into structure-property relationships.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1203400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(W2441009)。
文摘Magnesium-ion batteries hold promise as future energy storage solutions,yet current Mg cathodes are challenged by low voltage and specific capacity.Herein,we present an AI-driven workflow for discovering high-performance Mg cathode materials.Utilizing the common characteristics of various ionic intercalation-type electrodes,we design and train a Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Network model that can accurately predict electrode voltages for various ions with mean absolute errors(MAE)between0.25 and 0.33 V.By deploying the trained model to stable Mg compounds from Materials Project and GNoME AI dataset,we identify 160 high voltage structures out of 15,308 candidates with voltages above3.0 V and volumetric capacity over 800 mA h/cm^(3).We further train a precise NequIP model to facilitate accurate and rapid simulations of Mg ionic conductivity.From the 160 high voltage structures,the machine learning molecular dynamics simulations have selected 23 cathode materials with both high energy density and high ionic conductivity.This Al-driven workflow dramatically boosts the efficiency and precision of material discovery for multivalent ion batteries,paving the way for advanced Mg battery development.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1402404 and 2023YFA1406304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92161201,T2221003,12104221,12104220,12274208,12025404,12004174,91961101,T2394473,62274085,12374043,and U2032208)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20230079,BK20243013,and BK20233001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.020414380192 and 2024300432).
文摘MnBi_(2)Te_(4),which is emerging as an intrinsic antiferromagnetic(AFM)topological insulator,provides a unique platform to investigate the interplay between magnetism and topology.Modulating its magnetic properties enables the observation of exotic quantum phenomena such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect,axion insulator states,and Majorana fermions.While the intercalation of Bi_(2)Te_(3)can tune its magnetism,synthesizing pure-phase MnBi_(2)Te_(4)with uniform Bi_(2)Te_(3)intercalation remains challenging,and the fixed interlayer spacing of Bi_(2)Te_(3)limits magnetic coupling tunability.Here,we utilize electrochemical organic molecule intercalation to expand the van der Waals gap of MnBi_(2)Te_(4)and modulate its magnetic properties.Through x-ray diffraction(XRD)characterizations,we confirm that the interlayer spacing of MnBi_(2)Te_(4)is expanded from 13.6°A to 30.5°A and 61.0°A by intercalating quaternary ammonium cations(THA^(+)and CTA^(+)),respectively.The THA-MnBi_(2)Te_(4)exhibits dual complex magnetic behavior,combining AFM ordering with a Neel temperature(T_(N))of 12 K and a small ferromagnetic hysteresis loop at 2 K.The CTA-MnBi_(2)Te_(4)shows robust ferromagnetism,with a Curie point(T_(C))of 15 K,similar to that of the MnBi_(2)Te_(4)monolayer.These results demonstrate that remarkable changes in the magnetic properties of MnBi_(2)Te_(4)can be achieved via electrochemical intercalation,providing new insights into manipulating magnetism in layered magnetic materials.
基金supported by the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China(2010DFB63680)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21376220)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY16B060009,LY12B03008)~~
文摘Highly dispersed tungsten carbide（WC） nanoparticles（NPs） sandwiched between few-layer reduced graphene oxide（RGO） have been successfully synthesized by using thiourea as an anchoring and inducing reagent.The metatungstate ion,[H2W（12）O（40）]^6-,is assembled on thiourea-modified graphene oxide（GO） by an impregnation method.The WC NPs,with a mean diameter of 1.5 nm,are obtained through a process whereby ammonium metatungstate first turns to WS2,which then forms an intercalation compound with RGO before growing,in situ,to WC NPs.The Pt/WC-RGO electrocatalysts are fabricated by a microwave-assisted method.The intimate contacts between Pt,WC,and RGO are confirmed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope,and Raman spectroscopy.For methanol oxidation,the Pt/WC-RGO electrocatalyst exhibited an electrochemical surface area value of 246.1 m^2/g Pt and a peak current density of1364.7 mA/mg Pt,which are,respectively,3.66 and 4.77 times greater than those of commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst（67.2 m^2/g Pt,286.0 mA/mg Pt）.The excellent CO-poisoning resistance and long-term stability of the electrocatalyst are also evidenced by CO stripping,chronoamperometry,and accelerated durability testing.Because Pt/WC-RGO has higher catalytic activity compared with that of commercial Pt/C,as a result of its intercalated structure and synergistic effect,less Pt will be required for the same performance,which in turn will reduce the cost of the fuel cell.The present method is facile,efficient,and scalable for mass production of the nanomaterials.
基金supported by both the Technology Innovation Program(20004958,Development of ultra-high performance supercapacitor and high power module)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE)the R&D Convergence Program(CAP-15-02-KBSI)of the National Research Council of Science&Technology,Republic of Korea。
文摘With the development of stable alkali metal anodes,V_(2)O_(5) is gaining traction as a cathode material due to its high theoretical capacity and the ability to intercalate Li,Na and K ions.Herein,we report a method for synthesizing structured orthorhombic V_(2)O_(5) microspheres and investigate Li intercalation/deintercalation into this material.For industry adoption,the electrochemical behavior of V_(2)O_(5) as well as structural and phase transformation attributing to Li intercalation reaction must be further investigated.Our synthesized V_(2)O_(5) microspheres consisted of small primary particles that were strongly joined together and exhibited good cycle stability and rate capability,triggered by reversible volume change and rapid Li ion diffusion.In addition,the reversibility of phase transformation(a,e,d,c and xLixV_(2)O_(5))and valence state evolution(5+,4+,and 3.5+)during intercalation/de-intercalation were studied via in-situ X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray absorption near edge structure analyses.
文摘Phenolic resin/montmorillonite intercalation composites were prepared by using the methods of pressing intercalation and melt intercalation.Properties and structure of the composites were investigated by using XRD,TG and test of softening point.It is indicated that both the pressing intercalation and melt intercalation can be used to prepare the phenolic resin/organo-montmorillonite intercalation nanocomposites.Compared with phenolic resin,the intercalation nanocomposites have better heat-resistance,higher decomposition temperatures and less thermal weight-loss.However,these two intercalation methods have different effects on the softening point of the intercalation nanocomposites.Pressing intercalation almost does not affect the softening point of the intercalation nanocomposites,while melt intercalation significantly increases the softening point of the intercalation nanocomposites, probably due to the chemical actions happening in the process of melt intercalation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50574076 and No.50838006)
文摘A precondition for correctly analyzing the stability of a slope and designing its bracing structure is to study and determine the influence of excavation blasting on the properties of weak intercalation in the layered rock slope. On the basis of in-situ stratification-cracking blasting tests, the properties of weak intercalation were investigated using the LS-DYNA3D program. The displacement distribution and compactness of weak intercalation at different positions away from the charge center and their various laws are discussed. The critical displacement of stratification-cracking （0.1 mm） was obtained, and an approximate expression of compactness were deduced. Furthermore, through the simulation of a layered rock blasting under the same geological conditions, the stratification-cracking effect of deep-hole blasting on the properties of weak intercalation was compared with that of short-hole blasting, and the influencing differences, in addition to their causes, were analyzed. The results indicated that the blasting cavity of weak intercalation in short-hole blasting with a radius of 40 mm was nearly a circle, whose radius was about 28.7 cm; whereas in deep-hole blasting with a radius of 150 mm, the shape of the blasting cavity was different from that in short-hole blasting, the radius of the cavity behind the charge （89.1 cm） was further smaller than those of the other three （138.7 cm）, and there were sharp crinkles on the surface of weak intercalation. When the distance from the charge center （DCC） was less than 40 and 150 cm in short-hole and deep-hole blasting, respectively, the displacement of weak intercalation was reduced remarkably with the increase in DCC.
基金the National Natural Science Fund(50774071） ；the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2004ABA090）.
文摘Superfine graphite powder was prepared by ball-milling exfoliated graphite containing anhydrous CuCl2 in planetary ball milling systems. Nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds were synthesized by heating a mixture of anhydrous CuCl2 and graphite nanosheets. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were performed to characterize the microstructures of stage-1 nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds. The structure and components of the domain wall and core in the nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds are described. The results show that the content of CuCl2 in the mixture plays a crucial role in the size of the nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compound.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30271055)
文摘Studying new wood composites through nano science and technology (NSC) will develop new compounding theory of wood, and accelerate the combination of new technology, wood science, material science and other disciplines. The compounding of wood and inorganic MMT on nanoscale molecular level has high potential to greatly improve the mechanical properties, fire retardance, abrasion resistance, decay resistance, dimensional stability and other properties of wood. Based on the great achievements of polymer/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites, this paper reviewed nano intercalation compounding methods (i.e. in-situ intercalative polymerization and direct polymer intercalation), and discussed the structure, properties and modification of montmorillonite (MMT). According to the main chemical components and particular structure of wood, the authors discussed the liquefaction and plasticization of wood, compared the dissolvability and meltability between wood and polymer, and then systematically put forward the basic idea, technological processes and schematic diagram to prepare wood/MMT nanocomposites (WMNC). The key technology to prepare WMNC is either to introduce delaminated MMT nanolayers into wood with the help of some intermediate polymers, or to obtain liquefied wood or plasticized wood from the complicated natural composite. It is applicable and effective to realize wood/MMT nanoscale compounding with the help of proper intercalation agent and medium polymer through the proposed 搊ne-step?or 搕wo-step?impregnating processes.
基金supported by Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University
文摘A melanin synthesis inhibitor and bacteriostatic agent, kojic acid(KA) has been intercalated into Zn-Ti layered double hydroxide(LDH) by an anion-exchange reaction. The structure and the thermal stability of the samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TG-DTA and SEM. The study of KA release from ZnTi-KALDH in phosphate buffered solution(pH 5) implies that ZnTi-KA-LDH is a better controlled release system than pure KA. Meanwhile, the mechanisms of slow release were assessed by using four commonly kinetic models. The antimicrobial activity of ZnTi-KA-LDH was tested against three kinds of bacteria. The inhibition of L-dopa oxidation was tested to verify its skin whitening effect. The studies suggest that the kojic acid intercalated LDHs has the potential application as a safely functional composite in cosmetic.
基金Supported by the National Key Technologies R＆D Program （2011BAE28B01） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （21276016）.
文摘Layered intercalated functional materials of layered double hydroxide type are an important class of functional materials developed in recent years. Based on long term studies on these materials in the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering in Beiiing University of Chemical Technology, the orinciole for the design of controlled intercalation processes in the light of tuture production processing requirements has been developed. Intercalation assembly methods and technologies have been invented to control the intercalation process for preparing layered intercalated materials with various structures and functions.
基金the Applied and Basal Research Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.03JY029-026-2)
文摘Montmorillonite/cationic azobenzene dye（p-（δ-triethylammoniobutoxy）-p＇-methyl- azobenzene bromide） intercalation compounds were prepared by the conventional ion exchange method. As compared with that of pure cationic azo-dye, the thermal stability of the intercalated dye was greatly enhanced, and the absorption band corresponding to azobenzene group in intercalated dye shifted towards longer wave length by 38 nm. This could be ascribed to the strong conjugation of cationic azo-dye supramolecular order structure（J cluster） confined in a nanoscale space of montmorillonite interlayer gallery. UV/vis spectra data show that the intercalated azo dye in the montmorillonite interlayer space exhibited reversible trans-to-cis photoisomerization and daylight cis-to-trans back reaction. FTIR indicates the successful intercalation of cationic azo-dye into the montmorillonite interlayer.
文摘A kind of novel shape-stabilized phase change material （SSPCM） was prepared by using a melting intercalation technique. This kind of SSPCM was made of lauric acid （LA） as a phase change material and organophilic montmorillonite （OMMT） as a support material. And the thermal properties and morphology of the SSPCM were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, scanning electronic microscope （SEM）, scanning calorimeter （DSC）, and differential thermal cravimetry （TG）. The DSC result shows that the phase change temperature of the SSPCM is close to that of LA, and its latent heat is equivalent to that of the calculated value based on the mass ratio of LA measured by TG. The XRD, SEM and TEM results demonstrate that the LA intercalates into the silicate layers of the OMMT, thus forming a typically intercalted hybrid, which can restrict the molecular chain of the LA within the structure of OMMT at high temperature. And consequently SSPCM can keep its solid state during its solid-liquid phase change processing.
文摘A gelatin/MMT nanocomposite was prepared in an aqueous solution and investigated by XRD,FTIR and 13 C NMR,and then the intercalation mechanism was discussed.The result of XRD indicated that the gelatin molecule had already inserted into the interlayer of MMT,and the intercalation or exfoliation structure had been achieved.The result of 13 C NMR demonstrated that the ions interaction between gelatin and MMT was attributed to the driving force for intercalation.In order to confirm the role of -COO - of gelatin in the combination with MMT,lauric sodium was brought in as a model to react with MMT,and was characterized by XRD and FTIR,the result proved that there existed a kind of strong interaction between -COO - and ions of MMT.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20204008)
文摘The intercalation of drug molecules with montmorillonit （MMT） using Acyclovir （ACV） as the model drug was focused on. The optimum conditions were studied based on orthogonal design, such as intercalation time and temperature. The intercalation composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transformed infrared （FT-IR）, and thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. The experimental results reveal that ACV is successfully intercalated into the interlayers of MMT, The in vitro release experiments reveal that ACV is released from MMT steadily and pH dependent.
文摘Two kinds of Tb（ Ⅲ ） complexes with tetrapodal ligand, [TbL（NO3）]^3＋ and [TbL]^3＋ （L： 1,1, 1＇, 1＇-tera （ 2-pyridinecarboxylester ）-di （ trimethylpropane）） were intercalated into the interlayer space of montmorillonite （MT） by ion exchange and coordination reaction of L with the Tb^3＋ ion existing in the interlayer space of Tb-MT respectively. The obtained luminescent supramolecular composite materials, [ TbL （NO3） ]^2＋-MT and [TbL]^3＋-MT were characterized by elemental analysis, XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis and thermal analysis. At the same time, the luminescent properties of the materials were also studied. The results show that the intercalated materials with regular layered structure, good thermal stability and the interlayer spacing （d001） approximates to the size of the complex ions which are located in the interlayer space of MT in the form of a monolayer.
