Purpose: Patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) requires manual operation of different workstations, which is time-consuming and error-prone. Therefore, developing automated solutions to improve efficiency and accu...Purpose: Patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) requires manual operation of different workstations, which is time-consuming and error-prone. Therefore, developing automated solutions to improve efficiency and accuracy is a priority. The purpose of this study was to develop a general software interface with scripting on a human interactive device (HID) for improving the efficiency and accuracy of manual quality assurance (QA) procedures. Methods: As an initial application, we aimed to automate our PSQA workflow that involves Varian Eclipse treatment planning system, Elekta MOSAIQ oncology information system and PTW Verisoft application. A general platform, the AutoFrame interface with two imbedded subsystems—the AutoFlow and the PyFlow, was developed with a scripting language for automating human operations of aforementioned systems. The interface included three functional modules: GUI module, UDF script interpreter and TCP/IP communication module. All workstations in the PSQA process were connected, and most manual operations were automated by AutoFrame sequentially or in parallel. Results: More than 20 PSQA tasks were performed both manually and using the developed AutoFrame interface. On average, 175 (±12) manual operations of the PSQA procedure were eliminated and performed by the automated process. The time to complete a PSQA task was 8.23 (±0.78) minutes for the automated workflow, in comparison to 13.91 (±3.01) minutes needed for manual operations. Conclusion: We have developed the AutoFrame interface framework that successfully automated our PSQA procedure, and significantly reduced the time, human (control/clicking/typing) errors, and operators’ stress. Future work will focus on improving the system’s flexibility and stability and extending its operations to other QA procedures.展开更多
Users, especially the non-expert users, commonly experience problems when connecting multiple devices with interoperability. While studies on multiple device connections are mostly concentrated on spontaneous device a...Users, especially the non-expert users, commonly experience problems when connecting multiple devices with interoperability. While studies on multiple device connections are mostly concentrated on spontaneous device association techniques with a focus on security aspects, the research on user interaction for device connection is still limited. More research into understanding people is needed for designers to devise usable techniques. This research applies the Research-through-Design method and studies the non-expert users＇ interactions in establishing wireless connections between devices. The ＂Learning from Examples＂ concept is adopted to develop a study focus line by learning from the expert users＇ interaction with devices. This focus line is then used for guiding researchers to explore the non-expert users＇ difficulties at each stage of the focus line. Finally, the Research-through-Design approach is used to understand the users＇ difficulties, gain insights to design problems and suggest usable solutions. When connecting a device, the user is required to manage not only the device＇s functionality but also the interaction between devices. Based on learning from failures, an important insight is found that the existing design approach to improve single-device interaction issues, such as improvements to graphical user interfaces or computer guidance, cannot help users to handle problems between multiple devices. This study finally proposes a desirable user-device interaction in which images of two devices function together with a system image to provide the user with feedback on the status of the connection, which allows them to infer any required actions.展开更多
Exchange bias(EB)in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic materials is a novel idea for high-density spintronic devices.Van der Waals(vdW)heterostructures offer a promising solution,enabling a“Lego”like assembly without i...Exchange bias(EB)in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic materials is a novel idea for high-density spintronic devices.Van der Waals(vdW)heterostructures offer a promising solution,enabling a“Lego”like assembly without interface or adding dopants,opposite to traditional heterostructures.However,in typical vdW heterostructures,the EB effect exists at low temperatures and only one polarity.This work addresses these challenges by using Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)/NiPS_(3) heterostructures whose EB can survive at higher temperatures and polarities flip.The exchange bias(EB)of the device persists up to 150 K and can have its polarity reversed by altering the stacking direction during fabrication.Simultaneously,an anomalous Hall effect(A_(HE))with a coercive field of approximately 0.9 T is observed at 5 K and remains detectable up to 300 K.The device further shows the spin-orbit torque(SOT)-induced magnetization switching up to room temperature.Under low field-cooling conditions(e.g.,≥2 mT),we observe an EB field(HEB)up to 1 mT,which reached 110 mT at 1.5 T.HEB becomes zero above 150 K,showing a non-discernible EB effect,whereas the A_(HE) persists up to room temperature.Similarly,in the Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)/NiPS_(3) and NiPS_(3)/Fe_(3)GaTe_(2),different stacking layers at the interface induce the net magnetic effect and flip the magnetization direction due to magnetic domains at the Fe_(3)GaTe_(2) layer.The results show that strong interlayer coupling within these layers generates significant A_(HE) and high HEB with blocking temperatures up to 150 K,making it suitable for the new 2D spintronic device applications.展开更多
文摘Purpose: Patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) requires manual operation of different workstations, which is time-consuming and error-prone. Therefore, developing automated solutions to improve efficiency and accuracy is a priority. The purpose of this study was to develop a general software interface with scripting on a human interactive device (HID) for improving the efficiency and accuracy of manual quality assurance (QA) procedures. Methods: As an initial application, we aimed to automate our PSQA workflow that involves Varian Eclipse treatment planning system, Elekta MOSAIQ oncology information system and PTW Verisoft application. A general platform, the AutoFrame interface with two imbedded subsystems—the AutoFlow and the PyFlow, was developed with a scripting language for automating human operations of aforementioned systems. The interface included three functional modules: GUI module, UDF script interpreter and TCP/IP communication module. All workstations in the PSQA process were connected, and most manual operations were automated by AutoFrame sequentially or in parallel. Results: More than 20 PSQA tasks were performed both manually and using the developed AutoFrame interface. On average, 175 (±12) manual operations of the PSQA procedure were eliminated and performed by the automated process. The time to complete a PSQA task was 8.23 (±0.78) minutes for the automated workflow, in comparison to 13.91 (±3.01) minutes needed for manual operations. Conclusion: We have developed the AutoFrame interface framework that successfully automated our PSQA procedure, and significantly reduced the time, human (control/clicking/typing) errors, and operators’ stress. Future work will focus on improving the system’s flexibility and stability and extending its operations to other QA procedures.
文摘Users, especially the non-expert users, commonly experience problems when connecting multiple devices with interoperability. While studies on multiple device connections are mostly concentrated on spontaneous device association techniques with a focus on security aspects, the research on user interaction for device connection is still limited. More research into understanding people is needed for designers to devise usable techniques. This research applies the Research-through-Design method and studies the non-expert users＇ interactions in establishing wireless connections between devices. The ＂Learning from Examples＂ concept is adopted to develop a study focus line by learning from the expert users＇ interaction with devices. This focus line is then used for guiding researchers to explore the non-expert users＇ difficulties at each stage of the focus line. Finally, the Research-through-Design approach is used to understand the users＇ difficulties, gain insights to design problems and suggest usable solutions. When connecting a device, the user is required to manage not only the device＇s functionality but also the interaction between devices. Based on learning from failures, an important insight is found that the existing design approach to improve single-device interaction issues, such as improvements to graphical user interfaces or computer guidance, cannot help users to handle problems between multiple devices. This study finally proposes a desirable user-device interaction in which images of two devices function together with a system image to provide the user with feedback on the status of the connection, which allows them to infer any required actions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:5221101553,T2394475Key R&D Projects in Anhui Province,Grant/Award Number:2022i01020012+8 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hefei,Grant/Award Number:2022039Excellent Research and Innovation Team Project of Anhui Province,Grant/Award Number:2022AH010001Beijing Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:4232070International Mobility Project,Grant/Award Number:B16001Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation,Grant/Award Number:GBMF9461US DOE,Grant/Award Number:DOE/BES DE-FG-02-05ER46200Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University,Grant/Award Number:RGP-2/712/46National Science and Technology Major Project,Grant/Award Number:2025ZD0613804Hefei Zhongke Kele New Materials Co.Ltd.,Grant/Award Number:2024340104003776。
文摘Exchange bias(EB)in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic materials is a novel idea for high-density spintronic devices.Van der Waals(vdW)heterostructures offer a promising solution,enabling a“Lego”like assembly without interface or adding dopants,opposite to traditional heterostructures.However,in typical vdW heterostructures,the EB effect exists at low temperatures and only one polarity.This work addresses these challenges by using Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)/NiPS_(3) heterostructures whose EB can survive at higher temperatures and polarities flip.The exchange bias(EB)of the device persists up to 150 K and can have its polarity reversed by altering the stacking direction during fabrication.Simultaneously,an anomalous Hall effect(A_(HE))with a coercive field of approximately 0.9 T is observed at 5 K and remains detectable up to 300 K.The device further shows the spin-orbit torque(SOT)-induced magnetization switching up to room temperature.Under low field-cooling conditions(e.g.,≥2 mT),we observe an EB field(HEB)up to 1 mT,which reached 110 mT at 1.5 T.HEB becomes zero above 150 K,showing a non-discernible EB effect,whereas the A_(HE) persists up to room temperature.Similarly,in the Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)/NiPS_(3) and NiPS_(3)/Fe_(3)GaTe_(2),different stacking layers at the interface induce the net magnetic effect and flip the magnetization direction due to magnetic domains at the Fe_(3)GaTe_(2) layer.The results show that strong interlayer coupling within these layers generates significant A_(HE) and high HEB with blocking temperatures up to 150 K,making it suitable for the new 2D spintronic device applications.
