BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury related to liver transplantation and hepatic resection remains a challenge in clinical practice.Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is a cr...BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury related to liver transplantation and hepatic resection remains a challenge in clinical practice.Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical cause of I/R injury.The protein 4-nitrophenylphosphatase domain and non-neuronal SNAP25-like protein homolog 1(NIPSNAP1)is involved in the regulation of mitophagy and the recruitment of autophagy receptor proteins independent of PTEN induced putative kinase 1.AIM To clarify the protective mechanism of NIPSNAP1 against hepatic I/R,with a focus on mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics,as well as the potential mechanism by which n6-methyladenosine(m6A)modification regulates NIPSNAP1.METHODS Mice were administered an adeno-associated virus in vivo and a hepatic I/R model was established via portal vein interruption followed by reperfusion to explore the effect of NIPSNAP1 on hepatic I/R.HepG2 cells were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment in vitro.RESULTS We observed a significant downregulation of both NIPSNAP1 and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2(IGF2BP2)expression in vivo and in vitro.NIPSNAP1 knockdown impaired mitophagy and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics;in contrast,NIPSNAP1 overexpression resulted in the opposite effects.Further studies revealed that IGF2BP2 functions as an m6A reader that targets and binds NIPSNAP1,thereby regulating its mRNA stability.CONCLUSION NIPSNAP1 prevents hepatic I/R injury by promoting mitophagy and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis,serving as a novel target of the m6A reader IGF2BP2.Therefore,targeting the IGF2BP2/NIPSNAP1 axis may facilitate the development of better therapeutics for hepatic I/R.展开更多
The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first i...The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first immune cells to be activated after an ischemic stroke,microglia play an important immunomodulatory role in the progression of the condition.After an ischemic stroke,peripheral blood immune cells(mainly T cells)are recruited to the central nervous system by chemokines secreted by immune cells in the brain,where they interact with central nervous system cells(mainly microglia)to trigger a secondary neuroimmune response.This review summarizes the interactions between T cells and microglia in the immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke.We found that,during ischemic stroke,T cells and microglia demonstrate a more pronounced synergistic effect.Th1,Th17,and M1 microglia can co-secrete proinflammatory factors,such as interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β,to promote neuroinflammation and exacerbate brain injury.Th2,Treg,and M2 microglia jointly secrete anti-inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-4,interleukin-10,and transforming growth factor-β,to inhibit the progression of neuroinflammation,as well as growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor to promote nerve regeneration and repair brain injury.Immune interactions between microglia and T cells influence the direction of the subsequent neuroinflammation,which in turn determines the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.Clinical trials have been conducted on the ways to modulate the interactions between T cells and microglia toward anti-inflammatory communication using the immunosuppressant fingolimod or overdosing with Treg cells to promote neural tissue repair and reduce the damage caused by ischemic stroke.However,such studies have been relatively infrequent,and clinical experience is still insufficient.In summary,in ischemic stroke,T cell subsets and activated microglia act synergistically to regulate inflammatory progression,mainly by secreting inflammatory factors.In the future,a key research direction for ischemic stroke treatment could be rooted in the enhancement of anti-inflammatory factor secretion by promoting the generation of Th2 and Treg cells,along with the activation of M2-type microglia.These approaches may alleviate neuroinflammation and facilitate the repair of neural tissues.展开更多
The E3 ubiquitin ligase,carboxyl terminus of heat shock protein 70(Hsp70)interacting protein(CHIP),also functions as a co-chaperone and plays a crucial role in the protein quality control system.In this study,we aimed...The E3 ubiquitin ligase,carboxyl terminus of heat shock protein 70(Hsp70)interacting protein(CHIP),also functions as a co-chaperone and plays a crucial role in the protein quality control system.In this study,we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of overexpressed CHIP on Alzheimer’s disease.We used an adeno-associated virus vector that can cross the blood-brain barrier to mediate CHIP overexpression in APP/PS1 mouse brain.CHIP overexpression significantly ameliorated the performance of APP/PS1 mice in the Morris water maze and nest building tests,reduced amyloid-βplaques,and decreased the expression of both amyloid-βand phosphorylated tau.CHIP also alleviated the concentration of microglia and astrocytes around plaques.In APP/PS1 mice of a younger age,CHIP overexpression promoted an increase in ADAM10 expression and inhibitedβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,insulin degrading enzyme,and neprilysin expression.Levels of HSP70 and HSP40,which have functional relevance to CHIP,were also increased.Single nuclei transcriptome sequencing in the hippocampus of CHIP overexpressed mice showed that the lysosomal pathway and oligodendrocyte-related biological processes were up-regulated,which may also reflect a potential mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of CHIP.Our research shows that CHIP effectively reduces the behavior and pathological manifestations of APP/PS1 mice.Indeed,overexpression of CHIP could be a beneficial approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Considering the CRTS-II track slab,which is commonly used in the Chinese high-speed railway system,a vehicle-track-bridge dynamic analysis method is proposed in which the vehicle subsystem equations are established by...Considering the CRTS-II track slab,which is commonly used in the Chinese high-speed railway system,a vehicle-track-bridge dynamic analysis method is proposed in which the vehicle subsystem equations are established by the rigid body dynamics method,the track subsystem and the bridge subsystem equations are established by the FEM,the wheel-rail contact relation is defined by the corresponding assumption in vertical direction and the Kalker linear creep theory in lateral direction.The in-span spring element is derived to model the track-bridge interaction;the equal-band-width storage is adopted to fit the track structure with multilayer uniform section beam;and the dynamic equilibrium equations are solved by the inter-history iteration method.As a case study,the response of a CRH2 high-speed train transverses a simply-supported bridge with successive 31.5m double bound pre-stress beams is simulated.The result shows that using the vehicle-track-bridge interaction model instead of the vehicle-bridge interaction model helps predict the rotation angle at beam ends and choose an economic beam vertical stiffness.展开更多
In order to resolve the multisensor multiplied maneuvering target tracking problem, this paper presents a distributed interacted multiple model multisensor joint probabilistic data association algorithm （DIMM-MSJPDA...In order to resolve the multisensor multiplied maneuvering target tracking problem, this paper presents a distributed interacted multiple model multisensor joint probabilistic data association algorithm （DIMM-MSJPDA）. First of all, the interacted multiple model joint probabilistic data association algorithm is applied to each sensor, and then the state estimation, estimation covariance, model probability, combined innovation, innovation covariance are delivered to the fusion center. Then, the tracks from each sensor are correlated and the D-S evidence theory is used to gain the model probability of an identical target. Finally, the ultimate state estimation of each target is calculated according to the new model probability, and the state estimation is transmitted to each sensor. Simulations are designed to test the tracking performance of DIMM-MSJPDA algorithm. The results show that the use of DIMM-MSJPDA algorithm enables the distributed multisensor system to track multiplied maneuvering targets and its tracking performance is much better than that of IMMJPDA algorithm.展开更多
Rockbursts, which mainly affect mining roadways, are dynamic disasters arising from the surrounding rock under high stress. Understanding the interaction between supports and the surrounding rock is necessary for effe...Rockbursts, which mainly affect mining roadways, are dynamic disasters arising from the surrounding rock under high stress. Understanding the interaction between supports and the surrounding rock is necessary for effective rockburst control. In this study, the squeezing behavior of the surrounding rock is analyzed in rockburst roadways, and a mechanical model of rockbursts is established considering the dynamic support stress, thus deriving formulas and providing characteristic curves for describing the interaction between the support and surrounding rock. Design principles and parameters of supports for rockburst control are proposed. The results show that only when the geostress magnitude exceeds a critical value can it drive the formation of rockburst conditions. The main factors influencing the convergence response and rockburst occurrence around roadways are geostress, rock brittleness, uniaxial compressive strength, and roadway excavation size. Roadway support devices can play a role in controlling rockburst by suppressing the squeezing evolution of the surrounding rock towards instability points of rockburst. Further, the higher the strength and the longer the impact stroke of support devices with constant resistance, the more easily multiple balance points can be formed with the surrounding rock to control rockburst occurrence. Supports with long impact stroke allow adaptation to varying geostress levels around the roadway, aiding in rockburst control. The results offer a quantitative method for designing support systems for rockburst-prone roadways. The design criterion of supports is determined by the intersection between the convergence curve of the surrounding rock and the squeezing deformation curve of the support devices.展开更多
Deficiency or restriction of Zn absorption in soils is one of the most common micronutrients deficient in cereal plants. To investigate critical micronutrient interaction in zinc deficiency and zinc sufficient in soil...Deficiency or restriction of Zn absorption in soils is one of the most common micronutrients deficient in cereal plants. To investigate critical micronutrient interaction in zinc deficiency and zinc sufficient in soil, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted in 2023. Six wheat cultivars with different Zn efficiency were used. The cultivars were grown under Zn deficiency and adequate conditions. Results showed that in Zn deficiency conditions, with increasing Zn concentration in the roots, Fe concentrations were increased too, while the Cu and Mn concentrations decreased. In the same condition and with increasing Zn concentration in shoots, the concentrations of Fe and Mn decreased, while Cu were increased. However, by increasing Zn concentration, Fe, Cu, and Mn concentrations were increased in Zn deficiency condition in grains, as well as Zn sufficient conditions. RST (root to shoot micronutrient translocation) comparison of cultivars showed that in lack of Zn, the ability of translocation of Zn, Fe, and Mn in Zn-inefficient cultivar from root to shoot was higher than inefficient cultivar. In the same conditions, the capability of Zn-inefficient cultivar in Cu translocation from root to shoot was lower than other cultivars. In general, it seems that in Zn deficiency conditions, there are antagonistic effects among Zn, Cu and Mn and synergistic effects between Zn and Fe in the root. Also, in Zn sufficient conditions, there were synergistic effects among all studies micronutrients which include Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn.展开更多
This work demonstrates experimentally the close relation between return currents from relativistic laser-driven target polarization and the quality of the relativistic laser–plasma interaction for laser-driven second...This work demonstrates experimentally the close relation between return currents from relativistic laser-driven target polarization and the quality of the relativistic laser–plasma interaction for laser-driven secondary sources,taking as an example ion acceleration by target normal sheath acceleration.The Pearson linear correlation of maximum return current amplitude and proton spectrum cutoff energy is found to be in the range from~0.70 to 0.94.kA-scale return currents rise in all interaction schemes where targets of any kind are charged by escaping laser-accelerated relativistic electrons.Their precise measurement is demonstrated using an inductive scheme that allows operation at high repetition rates.Thus,return currents can be used as a metrological online tool for the optimization of many laser-driven secondary sources and for diagnosing their stability.In particular,in two parametric studies of laser-driven ion acceleration,we carry out a noninvasive online measurement of return currents in a tape target system irradiated by the 1 PW VEGA-3 laser at Centro de Láseres Pulsados:first the size of the irradiated area is varied at best compression of the laser pulse;second,the pulse duration is varied by means of induced group delay dispersion at best focus.This work paves the way to the development of feedback systems that operate at the high repetition rates of PW-class lasers.展开更多
Both fractional crystallization and fluid-melt-crystal interaction are involved in the formation of highly fractionated granites.This paper assessed those two processes using geochemistry of muscovite and tourmaline a...Both fractional crystallization and fluid-melt-crystal interaction are involved in the formation of highly fractionated granites.This paper assessed those two processes using geochemistry of muscovite and tourmaline and bulkrock chemistry of multi-phase Wangxianling granitoids,South China.Compositional variations suggest the coarse-grained muscovite granite is produced from fractional crystallization of the two-mica granite whereas the fine-grained muscovite granite represents a distinct magma pulse.Progressive fractionation of quartz,feldspar and biotite leads to elevated boron and aluminum content in melt which promoted muscovite and tourmaline to crystallize,which promotes two-mica granite evolving towards tourmaline-bearing muscovite granite.Fluid-melt-crystal interaction occurred at the magmatichydrothermal transitional stage and resulted in the textural and chemical zonings of tourmaline and muscovite in finegrained muscovite granite.The rims of both tourmaline and muscovite are characterized by the enrichment of fluid mobile elements such as Li,Mn,Cs and Zn and heavierδ^(11)B values of the tourmaline rims(-15.0‰to-13.6‰)compared to cores(-15.7‰to-14.3‰).Meanwhile,significant M-type REE tetrad effects(TE_(1,3)=1.07-1.18)and low K/Rb ratios(48-52)also correspond to fluid-melt-crystal interaction.This study shows zoned muscovite and tourmaline can be excellent tracers of fractional crystallization and late-stage fluid-melt-crystal interaction in highly evolved magmatic systems.展开更多
The self-assembled nanoparticles(SAN)formed during the decoction process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibit non-uniform particle sizes and a tendency for aggregation.Our group found that the p H-driven method...The self-assembled nanoparticles(SAN)formed during the decoction process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibit non-uniform particle sizes and a tendency for aggregation.Our group found that the p H-driven method can improve the self-assembly phenomenon of Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.,and the SAN exhibited uniform particle size and demonstrated good stability.In this paper,we analyzed the interactions between the main active compound,herpetrione(Her),and its main carrier,Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.polysaccharide(HCWP),along with their self-assembly mechanisms under different p H values.The binding constants of Her and HCWP increase with rising p H,leading to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN with a smaller particle size,higher zeta potential,and improved thermal stability.While the contributions of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN increase with rising p H,the hydrophobic force consistently plays a dominant role.This study enhances our scientific understanding of the self-assembly phenomenon of TCM improved by p H driven method.展开更多
Catalytic destruction is an ascendant technology for the abatement of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)originating fromsolvent-based industrial processes.The varied composition tends to influence each VOC’s catalytic ...Catalytic destruction is an ascendant technology for the abatement of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)originating fromsolvent-based industrial processes.The varied composition tends to influence each VOC’s catalytic behavior in the reaction mixture.We investigated the catalytic destruction of multi-component VOCs including dichloromethane(DCM)and ethyl acetate(EA),as representatives from pharmaceutical waste gases,over co-supported HxPO_(4)-RuOx/CeO_(2) catalyst.A mutual inhibitory effect relating to concentrations because of competitive adsorption was verified in the binary VOCs oxidation and EA posed a more negative effect on DCM oxidation owing to EA’s superior adsorption capacity.Preferential adsorption of EA on acidic sites(HxPO_(4)/CeO_(2))promoted DCM activation on basic sites(O^(2−))and the dominating EA oxidation blocked DCM’s access to oxidation centers(RuOx/CeO_(2)),resulting in boosted monochloromethane yield and increased chlorine deposition for DCM oxidation.The impaired redox ability of Ru species owing to chlorine deposition in turn jeopardized deep oxidation of EA and its by-products,leading to increased gaseous by-products such as acetic acid originating fromEA pyrolysis.Notably,DCM at low concentration slightly promoted EA conversion at low temperatures with or without water,consistent with the enhanced EA adsorption in co-adsorption analyses.This was mainly due to that DCM impeded the shielding effect of hydrolysate deposition from rapid EA hydrolysis depending on the decreased acidity.Moreover,water benefited EA hydrolysis but decreased CO_(2) selectivity while the generated water derived from EA was likely to affect DCM transformation.This work may provide theoretical guidance for the promotion of applied catalysts toward industrial applications.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as prime candidates for energy storage devices.Ethylene carbonate(EC)has become a critical component in conventional commercial electrolytes due to its exceptional film-form...Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as prime candidates for energy storage devices.Ethylene carbonate(EC)has become a critical component in conventional commercial electrolytes due to its exceptional film-forming properties and high dielectric constant.However,the elevated freezing point,high viscosity,and strong solvation energy of EC significantly hinder the transport rate of Li^(+)and the desolvation process at low temperatures.This leads to substantial capacity loss and even lithium plating on graphite anodes.Herein,we have developed an efficient electrolyte system specifically designed for lowtemperature conditions,which consists of 1.0 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)in isoxazole(IZ)with fluorobenzene(FB)as an uncoordinated solvent and fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)as a filmforming co-solvent.This system effectively lowers the desolvation energy of Li^(+)through dipole-dipole interactions.The weak solvation capability allows more anions to enter the solvation sheath,promoting the formation of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs)that enhance the transport rate of Li^(+)while maintaining high ionic conductivity across a broad temperature range.Moreover,the formation of inorganic-dominant interfacial phases on the graphite anode,induced by fluoroethylene carbonate,significantly enhances the kinetics of Li^(+)transport.At a low temperature of-20℃,this electrolyte system achieves an impressive reversible capacity of 200.9 mAh g^(-1)in graphite half-cell,which is nearly three times that observed with conventional EC-based electrolytes,demonstrating excellent stability throughout its operation.展开更多
As a crucial component of the Earth’s climate system,Antarctic sea ice has demonstrated significant variability over the satellite era.Here,we identify a remarkable decadal transition in the total Antarctic Sea Ice E...As a crucial component of the Earth’s climate system,Antarctic sea ice has demonstrated significant variability over the satellite era.Here,we identify a remarkable decadal transition in the total Antarctic Sea Ice Extent(SIE).The stage from 1979 to 2006 is characterized by high-frequency(i.e.,seasonal to interannual)temporal variability in SIE and zonal asymmetry in Sea Ice Concentration(SIC),which is primarily under the control of the Amundsen Sea Low(ASL).After 2007,however,sea ice changes exhibit a more spatially homogeneous pattern in SIC and a more temporally long-lasting mode in SIE.Further analysis reveals that sea ice-ocean interaction plays a major role in the low-frequency(i.e.,multiannual)variability of Antarctic sea ice from 2007−22.The related physical process is inferred to manifest as a strong coupling between the surface and the subsurface ocean layers,involving enhanced vertical convection and the downward delivery of the surface anomalies related to ice melting and freezing processes,thus maintaining the SIE anomalies for a longer time.Furthermore,this process mainly occurs in the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Sea(ABS)sector,and the weakened subsurface ocean stratification is the key factor triggering the coupling process in this region.We find that the Circumpolar Deep Water(CDW)over the ABS sector continued to shoal before 2007 and remained stable thereafter.It is speculated that the shoaling of the CDW may be a possible driver leading to the weakening of the subsurface stratification.展开更多
The Late Cretaceous Jiepailing granitoids,located at the central Nanling Range in South China,are closely associated with significant Sn-Li-Be-F polymetallic metallogeny.The Jiepailing granitoids mainly consist of gra...The Late Cretaceous Jiepailing granitoids,located at the central Nanling Range in South China,are closely associated with significant Sn-Li-Be-F polymetallic metallogeny.The Jiepailing granitoids mainly consist of granitic porphyry and zinnwaldite granite.The two granitoids have an A-type affinity,showing elevated Rb/Sr ratios and significant depletions in Ba,Sr and P.Integrated zircon and monazite U-Pb dating results suggest that granitic porphyry and zinnwaldite granite were emplaced at~89 Ma and~94 Ma,respectively.The low Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratios of the Jiepailing granitoids,together with significant negative Eu anomalies of the zircons,indicate that their formation occurred under conditions of reduced oxygen fugacity.Through the analysis of zircon Hf-O and whole-rock Nd isotopes,it has been determined that both stages of the Jiepailing granitoids originated in the lower-middle Mesoproterozoic crustal basement[ε_(Nd)(t)=−5.33 to−4.96,t^(C)_(DM)(Nd)=1289-1234 Ma,ε_(Hf)(t)=−4.13 to+2.22,t^(C)_(DM)(Hf)=1418-1015 Ma andδ^(18)O_(Zrc)=6.33‰-7.72‰],with the involvement of mantle-derived materials.Both granitic porphyry and zinnwaldite granite exhibit elevated concentrations of fluorine(F),with the positive correlation between F and Sn emphasizing the crucial role of high F sources in tin mineralization.Drawing upon the study of the Late Cretaceous magma systems in southern Hunan and through comparison with the mineralized granites observed in coastal regions during the Late Cretaceous,a genetic model for the mineralized granites in the Nanling region is developed.When the Paleo-Pacific Plate retreated to the coastal region,the continental crust in southern China underwent extensional thinning and asthenospheric upwelling due to gravitational collapse.Such processes resulted in the partial melting of the middle-lower crustal metamorphic sedimentary basement and the subsequent formation of F-rich granitic magmas,related to tin mineralization.展开更多
Northern China is a prominent “hotspot” for land–atmosphere interactions, with substantial gradients in both moisture and thermal conditions. Previous studies have identified a link between land–atmosphere couplin...Northern China is a prominent “hotspot” for land–atmosphere interactions, with substantial gradients in both moisture and thermal conditions. Previous studies have identified a link between land–atmosphere coupling and the individual roles of each factor, but the synergistic effect of the two factors remains unclear. This study considers the covariation of evapotranspiration and precipitation to assess evapotranspiration–precipitation(ET–P) coupling across northern China,exploring its spatial variations and their linkage to water and heat factors. Our findings reveal a transition from strongly positive coupling in the northwest to weakly negative coupling in the southeast, peaking in spring. These spatial variations are attributable to water(soil moisture) and heat(air temperature), which explain 39% and 25% of the variability,respectively. The aridity index(AI), a water–heat synergy factor, is the dominant factor, explaining 66% of the spatial variation in ET–P coupling. As the AI increases, ET–P coupling shifts from strongly positive to weakly negative, with an AI around 0.7. This shift is determined by a shift in the evapotranspiration–lifting condensation level(LCL) coupling under an AI change. Regions with an AI below 0.7 experience water-limited evapotranspiration, where increased soil moisture enhances evapotranspiration, reduces sensible heat(H), and lowers the LCL, resulting in a negative ET–LCL coupling.Conversely, regions with an AI above 0.7 experience energy-limited evapotranspiration, where the positive ET–LCL coupling reflects a positive H–LCL coupling or a positive impact of the LCL on evapotranspiration. This analysis advances our understanding of the intricate influences of multifactor surface interactions on the spatial variations of land–atmosphere coupling.展开更多
While the moisture content of soil affects significantly the blast impulse of shallow buried explosives,the role of surface-covering water(SCW)on soil in such blast impulse remains elusive.A combined experimental and ...While the moisture content of soil affects significantly the blast impulse of shallow buried explosives,the role of surface-covering water(SCW)on soil in such blast impulse remains elusive.A combined experimental and numerical study has been carried out to characterize the effect of SCW on transferred impulse and loading magnitude of shallow buried explosives.Firstly,blast tests of shallow buried explosives were conducted,with and without the SCW,to quantitatively assess the blast loading impulse.Subsequently,finite element(FE)simulations were performed and validated against experimental measurement,with good agreement achieved.The validated FE model was then employed to predict the dynamic response of a fully-clamped metallic circular target,subjected to the explosive impact of shallow buried explosives with SCW,and explore the corresponding physical mechanisms.It was demonstrated that shallow buried explosives in saturated soil generate a greater impulse transferred towards the target relative to those in dry soil.The deformation displacement of the target plate is doubled.Increasing the height of SCW results in enhanced center peak deflection of the loaded target,accompanied by subsequent fall,due to the variation of deformation pattern of the loaded target from concentrated load to uniform load.Meanwhile,the presence of SCW increases the blast impulse transferred towards the target by three times.In addition,there exists a threshold value of the burial depth that maximizes the impact impulse.This threshold exhibits a strong sensitivity to SCW height,decreasing with increasing SCW height.An empirical formula for predicting threshold has been provided.Similar conclusions can be drawn for different explosive masses.The results provide technical guidance on blast loading intensity and its spatial distribution considering shallow buried explosives in coast-land battlefields,which can ultimately contribute to better protective designs.展开更多
A crossbreeding program was established in 2019 to address the declining Crassostrea gigas harvests caused by Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome(POMS).As a part of the program,this study was performed to estimate the g...A crossbreeding program was established in 2019 to address the declining Crassostrea gigas harvests caused by Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome(POMS).As a part of the program,this study was performed to estimate the genetic structure underlying phenotypic variation.Fifteen complete diallel crossings of C.gigas and C.angulata,comprising 60 full-sib families,were used to evaluate the general combining ability(GCA)and specific combining ability(SCA),as well as genotype and environment interactions for shell height(SH),summer survival(SS),and thermal tolerance(TT)of reciprocal hybrids GA(C.gigas♀×C.angulata♂)and AG(C.angulata♀×C.gigas♂)grown in Rongcheng and Rushan,Shandong Province,China.The results suggested that heterosis of the reciprocal hybrids was evident for SH,SS,and TT.The hybrid GA had larger heterosis than AG in both testing environments,and can be a potential donor in the breeding program.The male C.gigas had better GCA for SH in Rongcheng,whereas male C.angulata was a good general combiner for SS and TT in both Rongcheng and Rushan.The estimate of SCA was much higher than GCA for SH and lower than GCA for TT.To harness both additive and non-additive genetic effects,combination breed-ing could be taken to develop hybrid varieties possessing both thermal tolerance and fast-growing traits.The positive correlations between SH and TT suggested that these traits could be improved simultaneously.The significant G×E interactions demonstrated the importance to undertake site-specific breeding programs in different environments.Overall,this study can provide essential information for developing crossbreeding strategies for the oyster farming industry.展开更多
Non-seismically designed(NSD)beam-column joints are susceptible to joint shear failure under seismic loads.Although significant research is available on the seismic behavior of such joints of planar frames,the informa...Non-seismically designed(NSD)beam-column joints are susceptible to joint shear failure under seismic loads.Although significant research is available on the seismic behavior of such joints of planar frames,the information on the seismic behavior of joints of space frames(3D joints)is insufficient.The 3D joints are subjected to bi-directional excitation,which results in an interaction between the shear strength obtained for the joint in the two orthogonal directions separately.The bi-directional seismic behavior of corner reinforced concrete(RC)joints is the focus of this study.First,a detailed finite element(FE)model using the FE software Abaqus,is developed and validated using the test results from the literature.The validated modeling procedure is used to conduct a parametric study to investigate the influence of different parameters such as concrete strength,dimensions of main and transverse beams framing into the joint,presence or absence of a slab,axial load ratio and loading direction on the seismic behavior of joints.By subjecting the models to different combinations of loads on the beams along perpendicular directions,the interaction of the joint shear strength in two orthogonal directions is studied.The comparison of the interaction curves of the joints obtained from the numerical study with a quadratic(circular)interaction curve indicates that in a majority of cases,the quadratic interaction model can represent the strength interaction diagrams of RC beam to column connections with governing joint shear failure reasonably well.展开更多
To examine the similarities and differences in the evolution of cavity,wetting and dynamics of a highspeed,oblique water-entry projectile with different positive angles of attack,a comparative analysis has been conduc...To examine the similarities and differences in the evolution of cavity,wetting and dynamics of a highspeed,oblique water-entry projectile with different positive angles of attack,a comparative analysis has been conducted based on the numerical results of two mathematical models,the rigid-body model and fluid-structure interaction model.In addition,the applicable scope of the above two methods,and the structural response characteristics of the projectile have also been investigated.Our results demonstrate that:(1) The impact loads and angular motion of the projectile of the rigid-body method are more likely to exhibit periodic variations due to the periodic tail slap,its range of positive angles of attack is about α<2°.(2) When the projectile undergone significant wetting,a strong coupling effect is observed among wetting,structural deformation,and projectile motion.With the applied projectile shape,it is observed that,when the projectile bends,the final wetting position is that of Part B(cylinder of body).With the occu rrence of this phenomenon,the projectile ballistics beco me completely unstable.(3) The force exerted on the lower surface of the projectile induced by wetting is the primary reason of the destabilization of the projectile traj ectory and structu ral deformation failure.Bending deformation is most likely to appear at the junction of Part C(cone of body) and Part D(tail).The safe angles of attack of the projectile stability are found to be about α≤2°.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82200658.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury related to liver transplantation and hepatic resection remains a challenge in clinical practice.Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical cause of I/R injury.The protein 4-nitrophenylphosphatase domain and non-neuronal SNAP25-like protein homolog 1(NIPSNAP1)is involved in the regulation of mitophagy and the recruitment of autophagy receptor proteins independent of PTEN induced putative kinase 1.AIM To clarify the protective mechanism of NIPSNAP1 against hepatic I/R,with a focus on mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics,as well as the potential mechanism by which n6-methyladenosine(m6A)modification regulates NIPSNAP1.METHODS Mice were administered an adeno-associated virus in vivo and a hepatic I/R model was established via portal vein interruption followed by reperfusion to explore the effect of NIPSNAP1 on hepatic I/R.HepG2 cells were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment in vitro.RESULTS We observed a significant downregulation of both NIPSNAP1 and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2(IGF2BP2)expression in vivo and in vitro.NIPSNAP1 knockdown impaired mitophagy and disrupted mitochondrial dynamics;in contrast,NIPSNAP1 overexpression resulted in the opposite effects.Further studies revealed that IGF2BP2 functions as an m6A reader that targets and binds NIPSNAP1,thereby regulating its mRNA stability.CONCLUSION NIPSNAP1 prevents hepatic I/R injury by promoting mitophagy and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis,serving as a novel target of the m6A reader IGF2BP2.Therefore,targeting the IGF2BP2/NIPSNAP1 axis may facilitate the development of better therapeutics for hepatic I/R.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82104560(to CL),U21A20400(to QW)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7232279(to XW)the Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,No.2022-JYB-JBZR-004(to XW)。
文摘The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first immune cells to be activated after an ischemic stroke,microglia play an important immunomodulatory role in the progression of the condition.After an ischemic stroke,peripheral blood immune cells(mainly T cells)are recruited to the central nervous system by chemokines secreted by immune cells in the brain,where they interact with central nervous system cells(mainly microglia)to trigger a secondary neuroimmune response.This review summarizes the interactions between T cells and microglia in the immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke.We found that,during ischemic stroke,T cells and microglia demonstrate a more pronounced synergistic effect.Th1,Th17,and M1 microglia can co-secrete proinflammatory factors,such as interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β,to promote neuroinflammation and exacerbate brain injury.Th2,Treg,and M2 microglia jointly secrete anti-inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-4,interleukin-10,and transforming growth factor-β,to inhibit the progression of neuroinflammation,as well as growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor to promote nerve regeneration and repair brain injury.Immune interactions between microglia and T cells influence the direction of the subsequent neuroinflammation,which in turn determines the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.Clinical trials have been conducted on the ways to modulate the interactions between T cells and microglia toward anti-inflammatory communication using the immunosuppressant fingolimod or overdosing with Treg cells to promote neural tissue repair and reduce the damage caused by ischemic stroke.However,such studies have been relatively infrequent,and clinical experience is still insufficient.In summary,in ischemic stroke,T cell subsets and activated microglia act synergistically to regulate inflammatory progression,mainly by secreting inflammatory factors.In the future,a key research direction for ischemic stroke treatment could be rooted in the enhancement of anti-inflammatory factor secretion by promoting the generation of Th2 and Treg cells,along with the activation of M2-type microglia.These approaches may alleviate neuroinflammation and facilitate the repair of neural tissues.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.91849115 and U1904207(to YX),81974211 and 82171247(to CS)Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,No.2020-PT310-01(to YX).
文摘The E3 ubiquitin ligase,carboxyl terminus of heat shock protein 70(Hsp70)interacting protein(CHIP),also functions as a co-chaperone and plays a crucial role in the protein quality control system.In this study,we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of overexpressed CHIP on Alzheimer’s disease.We used an adeno-associated virus vector that can cross the blood-brain barrier to mediate CHIP overexpression in APP/PS1 mouse brain.CHIP overexpression significantly ameliorated the performance of APP/PS1 mice in the Morris water maze and nest building tests,reduced amyloid-βplaques,and decreased the expression of both amyloid-βand phosphorylated tau.CHIP also alleviated the concentration of microglia and astrocytes around plaques.In APP/PS1 mice of a younger age,CHIP overexpression promoted an increase in ADAM10 expression and inhibitedβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,insulin degrading enzyme,and neprilysin expression.Levels of HSP70 and HSP40,which have functional relevance to CHIP,were also increased.Single nuclei transcriptome sequencing in the hippocampus of CHIP overexpressed mice showed that the lysosomal pathway and oligodendrocyte-related biological processes were up-regulated,which may also reflect a potential mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of CHIP.Our research shows that CHIP effectively reduces the behavior and pathological manifestations of APP/PS1 mice.Indeed,overexpression of CHIP could be a beneficial approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Project)(Grant No.2013CB036203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1134206)+1 种基金the 111 project(Grant No.B13002)the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20130009110036)
文摘Considering the CRTS-II track slab,which is commonly used in the Chinese high-speed railway system,a vehicle-track-bridge dynamic analysis method is proposed in which the vehicle subsystem equations are established by the rigid body dynamics method,the track subsystem and the bridge subsystem equations are established by the FEM,the wheel-rail contact relation is defined by the corresponding assumption in vertical direction and the Kalker linear creep theory in lateral direction.The in-span spring element is derived to model the track-bridge interaction;the equal-band-width storage is adopted to fit the track structure with multilayer uniform section beam;and the dynamic equilibrium equations are solved by the inter-history iteration method.As a case study,the response of a CRH2 high-speed train transverses a simply-supported bridge with successive 31.5m double bound pre-stress beams is simulated.The result shows that using the vehicle-track-bridge interaction model instead of the vehicle-bridge interaction model helps predict the rotation angle at beam ends and choose an economic beam vertical stiffness.
文摘In order to resolve the multisensor multiplied maneuvering target tracking problem, this paper presents a distributed interacted multiple model multisensor joint probabilistic data association algorithm （DIMM-MSJPDA）. First of all, the interacted multiple model joint probabilistic data association algorithm is applied to each sensor, and then the state estimation, estimation covariance, model probability, combined innovation, innovation covariance are delivered to the fusion center. Then, the tracks from each sensor are correlated and the D-S evidence theory is used to gain the model probability of an identical target. Finally, the ultimate state estimation of each target is calculated according to the new model probability, and the state estimation is transmitted to each sensor. Simulations are designed to test the tracking performance of DIMM-MSJPDA algorithm. The results show that the use of DIMM-MSJPDA algorithm enables the distributed multisensor system to track multiplied maneuvering targets and its tracking performance is much better than that of IMMJPDA algorithm.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52304133)the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2022YFC3004605)the Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province (No. 2023-BS-083)。
文摘Rockbursts, which mainly affect mining roadways, are dynamic disasters arising from the surrounding rock under high stress. Understanding the interaction between supports and the surrounding rock is necessary for effective rockburst control. In this study, the squeezing behavior of the surrounding rock is analyzed in rockburst roadways, and a mechanical model of rockbursts is established considering the dynamic support stress, thus deriving formulas and providing characteristic curves for describing the interaction between the support and surrounding rock. Design principles and parameters of supports for rockburst control are proposed. The results show that only when the geostress magnitude exceeds a critical value can it drive the formation of rockburst conditions. The main factors influencing the convergence response and rockburst occurrence around roadways are geostress, rock brittleness, uniaxial compressive strength, and roadway excavation size. Roadway support devices can play a role in controlling rockburst by suppressing the squeezing evolution of the surrounding rock towards instability points of rockburst. Further, the higher the strength and the longer the impact stroke of support devices with constant resistance, the more easily multiple balance points can be formed with the surrounding rock to control rockburst occurrence. Supports with long impact stroke allow adaptation to varying geostress levels around the roadway, aiding in rockburst control. The results offer a quantitative method for designing support systems for rockburst-prone roadways. The design criterion of supports is determined by the intersection between the convergence curve of the surrounding rock and the squeezing deformation curve of the support devices.
文摘Deficiency or restriction of Zn absorption in soils is one of the most common micronutrients deficient in cereal plants. To investigate critical micronutrient interaction in zinc deficiency and zinc sufficient in soil, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted in 2023. Six wheat cultivars with different Zn efficiency were used. The cultivars were grown under Zn deficiency and adequate conditions. Results showed that in Zn deficiency conditions, with increasing Zn concentration in the roots, Fe concentrations were increased too, while the Cu and Mn concentrations decreased. In the same condition and with increasing Zn concentration in shoots, the concentrations of Fe and Mn decreased, while Cu were increased. However, by increasing Zn concentration, Fe, Cu, and Mn concentrations were increased in Zn deficiency condition in grains, as well as Zn sufficient conditions. RST (root to shoot micronutrient translocation) comparison of cultivars showed that in lack of Zn, the ability of translocation of Zn, Fe, and Mn in Zn-inefficient cultivar from root to shoot was higher than inefficient cultivar. In the same conditions, the capability of Zn-inefficient cultivar in Cu translocation from root to shoot was lower than other cultivars. In general, it seems that in Zn deficiency conditions, there are antagonistic effects among Zn, Cu and Mn and synergistic effects between Zn and Fe in the root. Also, in Zn sufficient conditions, there were synergistic effects among all studies micronutrients which include Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn.
基金funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through the European IMPULSE project under Grant Agreement No.871161from LASERLAB-EUROPE V under Grant Agreement No.871124+6 种基金from the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic(Grant No.GM23-05027M)Grant No.PDC2021120933-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033by the European Union Next Generation EU/PRTRsupported by funding from the Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades in Spain through ICTS Equipment Grant No.EQC2018-005230-Pfrom Grant No.PID2021-125389O A-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER,UEby“ERDF A Way of Making Europe”by the European Unionfrom grants of the Junta de Castilla y León with Grant Nos.CLP263P20 and CLP087U16。
文摘This work demonstrates experimentally the close relation between return currents from relativistic laser-driven target polarization and the quality of the relativistic laser–plasma interaction for laser-driven secondary sources,taking as an example ion acceleration by target normal sheath acceleration.The Pearson linear correlation of maximum return current amplitude and proton spectrum cutoff energy is found to be in the range from~0.70 to 0.94.kA-scale return currents rise in all interaction schemes where targets of any kind are charged by escaping laser-accelerated relativistic electrons.Their precise measurement is demonstrated using an inductive scheme that allows operation at high repetition rates.Thus,return currents can be used as a metrological online tool for the optimization of many laser-driven secondary sources and for diagnosing their stability.In particular,in two parametric studies of laser-driven ion acceleration,we carry out a noninvasive online measurement of return currents in a tape target system irradiated by the 1 PW VEGA-3 laser at Centro de Láseres Pulsados:first the size of the irradiated area is varied at best compression of the laser pulse;second,the pulse duration is varied by means of induced group delay dispersion at best focus.This work paves the way to the development of feedback systems that operate at the high repetition rates of PW-class lasers.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42072089 and 41530206)。
文摘Both fractional crystallization and fluid-melt-crystal interaction are involved in the formation of highly fractionated granites.This paper assessed those two processes using geochemistry of muscovite and tourmaline and bulkrock chemistry of multi-phase Wangxianling granitoids,South China.Compositional variations suggest the coarse-grained muscovite granite is produced from fractional crystallization of the two-mica granite whereas the fine-grained muscovite granite represents a distinct magma pulse.Progressive fractionation of quartz,feldspar and biotite leads to elevated boron and aluminum content in melt which promoted muscovite and tourmaline to crystallize,which promotes two-mica granite evolving towards tourmaline-bearing muscovite granite.Fluid-melt-crystal interaction occurred at the magmatichydrothermal transitional stage and resulted in the textural and chemical zonings of tourmaline and muscovite in finegrained muscovite granite.The rims of both tourmaline and muscovite are characterized by the enrichment of fluid mobile elements such as Li,Mn,Cs and Zn and heavierδ^(11)B values of the tourmaline rims(-15.0‰to-13.6‰)compared to cores(-15.7‰to-14.3‰).Meanwhile,significant M-type REE tetrad effects(TE_(1,3)=1.07-1.18)and low K/Rb ratios(48-52)also correspond to fluid-melt-crystal interaction.This study shows zoned muscovite and tourmaline can be excellent tracers of fractional crystallization and late-stage fluid-melt-crystal interaction in highly evolved magmatic systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81873092,82174074)。
文摘The self-assembled nanoparticles(SAN)formed during the decoction process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibit non-uniform particle sizes and a tendency for aggregation.Our group found that the p H-driven method can improve the self-assembly phenomenon of Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.,and the SAN exhibited uniform particle size and demonstrated good stability.In this paper,we analyzed the interactions between the main active compound,herpetrione(Her),and its main carrier,Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.polysaccharide(HCWP),along with their self-assembly mechanisms under different p H values.The binding constants of Her and HCWP increase with rising p H,leading to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN with a smaller particle size,higher zeta potential,and improved thermal stability.While the contributions of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN increase with rising p H,the hydrophobic force consistently plays a dominant role.This study enhances our scientific understanding of the self-assembly phenomenon of TCM improved by p H driven method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21906087 and 52070168)the Key R&D Plan of Zhejiang Province (No.2023C03127)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.226-2022-00150).
文摘Catalytic destruction is an ascendant technology for the abatement of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)originating fromsolvent-based industrial processes.The varied composition tends to influence each VOC’s catalytic behavior in the reaction mixture.We investigated the catalytic destruction of multi-component VOCs including dichloromethane(DCM)and ethyl acetate(EA),as representatives from pharmaceutical waste gases,over co-supported HxPO_(4)-RuOx/CeO_(2) catalyst.A mutual inhibitory effect relating to concentrations because of competitive adsorption was verified in the binary VOCs oxidation and EA posed a more negative effect on DCM oxidation owing to EA’s superior adsorption capacity.Preferential adsorption of EA on acidic sites(HxPO_(4)/CeO_(2))promoted DCM activation on basic sites(O^(2−))and the dominating EA oxidation blocked DCM’s access to oxidation centers(RuOx/CeO_(2)),resulting in boosted monochloromethane yield and increased chlorine deposition for DCM oxidation.The impaired redox ability of Ru species owing to chlorine deposition in turn jeopardized deep oxidation of EA and its by-products,leading to increased gaseous by-products such as acetic acid originating fromEA pyrolysis.Notably,DCM at low concentration slightly promoted EA conversion at low temperatures with or without water,consistent with the enhanced EA adsorption in co-adsorption analyses.This was mainly due to that DCM impeded the shielding effect of hydrolysate deposition from rapid EA hydrolysis depending on the decreased acidity.Moreover,water benefited EA hydrolysis but decreased CO_(2) selectivity while the generated water derived from EA was likely to affect DCM transformation.This work may provide theoretical guidance for the promotion of applied catalysts toward industrial applications.
基金financial support from the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20240304104SF,20240304103SF)the Research and Innovation Fund of the Beihua University for the Graduate Student(Major Project 2023012)。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as prime candidates for energy storage devices.Ethylene carbonate(EC)has become a critical component in conventional commercial electrolytes due to its exceptional film-forming properties and high dielectric constant.However,the elevated freezing point,high viscosity,and strong solvation energy of EC significantly hinder the transport rate of Li^(+)and the desolvation process at low temperatures.This leads to substantial capacity loss and even lithium plating on graphite anodes.Herein,we have developed an efficient electrolyte system specifically designed for lowtemperature conditions,which consists of 1.0 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)in isoxazole(IZ)with fluorobenzene(FB)as an uncoordinated solvent and fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)as a filmforming co-solvent.This system effectively lowers the desolvation energy of Li^(+)through dipole-dipole interactions.The weak solvation capability allows more anions to enter the solvation sheath,promoting the formation of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs)that enhance the transport rate of Li^(+)while maintaining high ionic conductivity across a broad temperature range.Moreover,the formation of inorganic-dominant interfacial phases on the graphite anode,induced by fluoroethylene carbonate,significantly enhances the kinetics of Li^(+)transport.At a low temperature of-20℃,this electrolyte system achieves an impressive reversible capacity of 200.9 mAh g^(-1)in graphite half-cell,which is nearly three times that observed with conventional EC-based electrolytes,demonstrating excellent stability throughout its operation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation China(Grant No.42176222).
文摘As a crucial component of the Earth’s climate system,Antarctic sea ice has demonstrated significant variability over the satellite era.Here,we identify a remarkable decadal transition in the total Antarctic Sea Ice Extent(SIE).The stage from 1979 to 2006 is characterized by high-frequency(i.e.,seasonal to interannual)temporal variability in SIE and zonal asymmetry in Sea Ice Concentration(SIC),which is primarily under the control of the Amundsen Sea Low(ASL).After 2007,however,sea ice changes exhibit a more spatially homogeneous pattern in SIC and a more temporally long-lasting mode in SIE.Further analysis reveals that sea ice-ocean interaction plays a major role in the low-frequency(i.e.,multiannual)variability of Antarctic sea ice from 2007−22.The related physical process is inferred to manifest as a strong coupling between the surface and the subsurface ocean layers,involving enhanced vertical convection and the downward delivery of the surface anomalies related to ice melting and freezing processes,thus maintaining the SIE anomalies for a longer time.Furthermore,this process mainly occurs in the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Sea(ABS)sector,and the weakened subsurface ocean stratification is the key factor triggering the coupling process in this region.We find that the Circumpolar Deep Water(CDW)over the ABS sector continued to shoal before 2007 and remained stable thereafter.It is speculated that the shoaling of the CDW may be a possible driver leading to the weakening of the subsurface stratification.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42303073).
文摘The Late Cretaceous Jiepailing granitoids,located at the central Nanling Range in South China,are closely associated with significant Sn-Li-Be-F polymetallic metallogeny.The Jiepailing granitoids mainly consist of granitic porphyry and zinnwaldite granite.The two granitoids have an A-type affinity,showing elevated Rb/Sr ratios and significant depletions in Ba,Sr and P.Integrated zircon and monazite U-Pb dating results suggest that granitic porphyry and zinnwaldite granite were emplaced at~89 Ma and~94 Ma,respectively.The low Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratios of the Jiepailing granitoids,together with significant negative Eu anomalies of the zircons,indicate that their formation occurred under conditions of reduced oxygen fugacity.Through the analysis of zircon Hf-O and whole-rock Nd isotopes,it has been determined that both stages of the Jiepailing granitoids originated in the lower-middle Mesoproterozoic crustal basement[ε_(Nd)(t)=−5.33 to−4.96,t^(C)_(DM)(Nd)=1289-1234 Ma,ε_(Hf)(t)=−4.13 to+2.22,t^(C)_(DM)(Hf)=1418-1015 Ma andδ^(18)O_(Zrc)=6.33‰-7.72‰],with the involvement of mantle-derived materials.Both granitic porphyry and zinnwaldite granite exhibit elevated concentrations of fluorine(F),with the positive correlation between F and Sn emphasizing the crucial role of high F sources in tin mineralization.Drawing upon the study of the Late Cretaceous magma systems in southern Hunan and through comparison with the mineralized granites observed in coastal regions during the Late Cretaceous,a genetic model for the mineralized granites in the Nanling region is developed.When the Paleo-Pacific Plate retreated to the coastal region,the continental crust in southern China underwent extensional thinning and asthenospheric upwelling due to gravitational collapse.Such processes resulted in the partial melting of the middle-lower crustal metamorphic sedimentary basement and the subsequent formation of F-rich granitic magmas,related to tin mineralization.
基金jointly supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42230611)the Meteorological Joint Fund (Grant No.U2142208)+2 种基金the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program (grant no.2019QZKK0102)the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42005071)the Gansu Province Key Talent Project (Grant No.2023RCXM37)。
文摘Northern China is a prominent “hotspot” for land–atmosphere interactions, with substantial gradients in both moisture and thermal conditions. Previous studies have identified a link between land–atmosphere coupling and the individual roles of each factor, but the synergistic effect of the two factors remains unclear. This study considers the covariation of evapotranspiration and precipitation to assess evapotranspiration–precipitation(ET–P) coupling across northern China,exploring its spatial variations and their linkage to water and heat factors. Our findings reveal a transition from strongly positive coupling in the northwest to weakly negative coupling in the southeast, peaking in spring. These spatial variations are attributable to water(soil moisture) and heat(air temperature), which explain 39% and 25% of the variability,respectively. The aridity index(AI), a water–heat synergy factor, is the dominant factor, explaining 66% of the spatial variation in ET–P coupling. As the AI increases, ET–P coupling shifts from strongly positive to weakly negative, with an AI around 0.7. This shift is determined by a shift in the evapotranspiration–lifting condensation level(LCL) coupling under an AI change. Regions with an AI below 0.7 experience water-limited evapotranspiration, where increased soil moisture enhances evapotranspiration, reduces sensible heat(H), and lowers the LCL, resulting in a negative ET–LCL coupling.Conversely, regions with an AI above 0.7 experience energy-limited evapotranspiration, where the positive ET–LCL coupling reflects a positive H–LCL coupling or a positive impact of the LCL on evapotranspiration. This analysis advances our understanding of the intricate influences of multifactor surface interactions on the spatial variations of land–atmosphere coupling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12002156,11972185,12372136)Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures(Grant No.MCMS-I-0222K01)。
文摘While the moisture content of soil affects significantly the blast impulse of shallow buried explosives,the role of surface-covering water(SCW)on soil in such blast impulse remains elusive.A combined experimental and numerical study has been carried out to characterize the effect of SCW on transferred impulse and loading magnitude of shallow buried explosives.Firstly,blast tests of shallow buried explosives were conducted,with and without the SCW,to quantitatively assess the blast loading impulse.Subsequently,finite element(FE)simulations were performed and validated against experimental measurement,with good agreement achieved.The validated FE model was then employed to predict the dynamic response of a fully-clamped metallic circular target,subjected to the explosive impact of shallow buried explosives with SCW,and explore the corresponding physical mechanisms.It was demonstrated that shallow buried explosives in saturated soil generate a greater impulse transferred towards the target relative to those in dry soil.The deformation displacement of the target plate is doubled.Increasing the height of SCW results in enhanced center peak deflection of the loaded target,accompanied by subsequent fall,due to the variation of deformation pattern of the loaded target from concentrated load to uniform load.Meanwhile,the presence of SCW increases the blast impulse transferred towards the target by three times.In addition,there exists a threshold value of the burial depth that maximizes the impact impulse.This threshold exhibits a strong sensitivity to SCW height,decreasing with increasing SCW height.An empirical formula for predicting threshold has been provided.Similar conclusions can be drawn for different explosive masses.The results provide technical guidance on blast loading intensity and its spatial distribution considering shallow buried explosives in coast-land battlefields,which can ultimately contribute to better protective designs.
基金founded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD2400305)the Earmarked Fund for Agriculture Seed Improvement Project of Shandong Province(Nos.2022LZGCQY010,2021LZGC027 and 2021ZLGX03)the China Agriculture Research System Project(No.CARS-49)。
文摘A crossbreeding program was established in 2019 to address the declining Crassostrea gigas harvests caused by Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome(POMS).As a part of the program,this study was performed to estimate the genetic structure underlying phenotypic variation.Fifteen complete diallel crossings of C.gigas and C.angulata,comprising 60 full-sib families,were used to evaluate the general combining ability(GCA)and specific combining ability(SCA),as well as genotype and environment interactions for shell height(SH),summer survival(SS),and thermal tolerance(TT)of reciprocal hybrids GA(C.gigas♀×C.angulata♂)and AG(C.angulata♀×C.gigas♂)grown in Rongcheng and Rushan,Shandong Province,China.The results suggested that heterosis of the reciprocal hybrids was evident for SH,SS,and TT.The hybrid GA had larger heterosis than AG in both testing environments,and can be a potential donor in the breeding program.The male C.gigas had better GCA for SH in Rongcheng,whereas male C.angulata was a good general combiner for SS and TT in both Rongcheng and Rushan.The estimate of SCA was much higher than GCA for SH and lower than GCA for TT.To harness both additive and non-additive genetic effects,combination breed-ing could be taken to develop hybrid varieties possessing both thermal tolerance and fast-growing traits.The positive correlations between SH and TT suggested that these traits could be improved simultaneously.The significant G×E interactions demonstrated the importance to undertake site-specific breeding programs in different environments.Overall,this study can provide essential information for developing crossbreeding strategies for the oyster farming industry.
文摘Non-seismically designed(NSD)beam-column joints are susceptible to joint shear failure under seismic loads.Although significant research is available on the seismic behavior of such joints of planar frames,the information on the seismic behavior of joints of space frames(3D joints)is insufficient.The 3D joints are subjected to bi-directional excitation,which results in an interaction between the shear strength obtained for the joint in the two orthogonal directions separately.The bi-directional seismic behavior of corner reinforced concrete(RC)joints is the focus of this study.First,a detailed finite element(FE)model using the FE software Abaqus,is developed and validated using the test results from the literature.The validated modeling procedure is used to conduct a parametric study to investigate the influence of different parameters such as concrete strength,dimensions of main and transverse beams framing into the joint,presence or absence of a slab,axial load ratio and loading direction on the seismic behavior of joints.By subjecting the models to different combinations of loads on the beams along perpendicular directions,the interaction of the joint shear strength in two orthogonal directions is studied.The comparison of the interaction curves of the joints obtained from the numerical study with a quadratic(circular)interaction curve indicates that in a majority of cases,the quadratic interaction model can represent the strength interaction diagrams of RC beam to column connections with governing joint shear failure reasonably well.
基金supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX24_0714).
文摘To examine the similarities and differences in the evolution of cavity,wetting and dynamics of a highspeed,oblique water-entry projectile with different positive angles of attack,a comparative analysis has been conducted based on the numerical results of two mathematical models,the rigid-body model and fluid-structure interaction model.In addition,the applicable scope of the above two methods,and the structural response characteristics of the projectile have also been investigated.Our results demonstrate that:(1) The impact loads and angular motion of the projectile of the rigid-body method are more likely to exhibit periodic variations due to the periodic tail slap,its range of positive angles of attack is about α<2°.(2) When the projectile undergone significant wetting,a strong coupling effect is observed among wetting,structural deformation,and projectile motion.With the applied projectile shape,it is observed that,when the projectile bends,the final wetting position is that of Part B(cylinder of body).With the occu rrence of this phenomenon,the projectile ballistics beco me completely unstable.(3) The force exerted on the lower surface of the projectile induced by wetting is the primary reason of the destabilization of the projectile traj ectory and structu ral deformation failure.Bending deformation is most likely to appear at the junction of Part C(cone of body) and Part D(tail).The safe angles of attack of the projectile stability are found to be about α≤2°.
