As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises s...As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises structural concerns,and the latter is of aerodynamic interest.Thus,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow represents a vital topic for the development and optimization of supersonic vehicles and propulsion systems.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the methodologies applied to capture structural and fluid dynamics,including theoretical models,numerical simulations,and wind tunnel experiments.The application of data-driven modal decomposition,an advanced technique to extract physically crucial features,on the topic is introduced.From the perspective of FSIs,the distinctive aeroelastic behaviors in shock-dominated flow,including hysteresis phenomena and nonlinear responses,are highlighted.From the perspective of SBLIs,the modifications in their spatial and temporal characteristics imposed by the aeroelastic responses are emphasized.Motivated by the interaction between the shock waves and structural response,different strategies have been proposed to implement aeroelastic suppression and shock control,which have the potential to enhance structural safety and aerodynamic performance in the next generation of high-speed flight vehicles.展开更多
This study reveals the critical role of multiscale interaction within the westerly wind bursts(WWBs)west of the MJO convection in modulating the prediction skill for the November MJO event during the DYNAMO(Dynamics o...This study reveals the critical role of multiscale interaction within the westerly wind bursts(WWBs)west of the MJO convection in modulating the prediction skill for the November MJO event during the DYNAMO(Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation)field campaign.The characteristics of the MJO convection envelope are obtained by the largescale precipitation tracking method,and a novel metric is introduced to quantify the prediction skill for the MJO convection in the ECMWF reforecast.The ECMWF forecast exhibits approximately 17 days in skillful prediction for the MJO convection—significantly lower than that derived from the global measure.The reforecast ensembles are further classified into high and low skill catalogs based on the mean prediction skill during the observed WWBs period.High-skill ensembles exhibit significantly enhanced low-level westerlies,amplified MJO convection,and reduced spatial separation between the low-level westerlies and MJO convection during the WWBs period,indicating stronger coupling between the large-scale circulation and the convection.Mechanistic analysis reveals that enhanced westerlies in high-skill ensembles can transfer more high-frequency energy to the MJO convection through the flux convergence of interaction energy for MJO convection development,resulting in better prediction skill.展开更多
Using observational and reanalysis datasets,this study explores the mechanisms by which the interactions among multi-timescale flows impacted the onset of rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Hato(2017).Hato(2017)forme...Using observational and reanalysis datasets,this study explores the mechanisms by which the interactions among multi-timescale flows impacted the onset of rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Hato(2017).Hato(2017)formed within a northwest–southeast-oriented synoptic-scale(with periods<10 days)wave train,concurring with a developing intraseasonal(10–90 days)oscillation and an elongated low-frequency(>90 days)monsoon trough in the western North Pacific.Impacted by continuously increasing vertical wind shear,the TC long maintained a highly asymmetric convective structure.Prior to RI onset,the synoptic-scale circulation and the inner-core asymmetric convection of Hato(2017)greatly strengthened,which are the key factors believed to trigger RI.A multi-timescale eddy kinetic energy budget indicates that the wind convergence associated with the intraseasonal circulation and monsoon trough led to barotropic energy conversion that largely enhanced the synoptic-scale cyclonic circulation.Besides,the pronounced increases in midlevel relative humidity(RH)and surface latent heat flux(LHF)were observed upshear before RI onset,which were primarily driven by the strong intraseasonal and synoptic-scale RH anomalies and the strengthened low-level wind speed,respectively.The increased LHF and midlevel RH,together with the enhanced downshear confluence between synoptic-scale and Intraseasonal Oscillation(ISO)/low-frequency winds,could have helped the intensification of asymmetric convection that supports RI onset.Overall,this study suggests that the interactions across multiple timescales may create favorable dynamic and thermodynamic conditions that promoted RI onset,offering new insights into RI processes for highly asymmetric tropical cyclones like Hato(2017).展开更多
Existing quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping had low efficiency in identifying small-effect and closely linked QTL-by-environment interactions(QEIs)in recombinant inbred lines(RILs),especially in the era of global cl...Existing quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping had low efficiency in identifying small-effect and closely linked QTL-by-environment interactions(QEIs)in recombinant inbred lines(RILs),especially in the era of global climate change.To address this challenge,here we integrate the compressed variance component mixed model with our GCIM to propose 3vGCIM for identifying QEIs in RILs,and extend 3vGCIM-random to 3vGCIM-fixed.3vGCIM integrates genome-wide scanning with machine learning,significantly improving power.In the mixed full model,we consider all possible effects and control for all possible polygenic backgrounds.In simulation studies,3vGCIM exhibits higher power(∼92.00%),higher accuracy of the estimates for QTL position(∼1.900 cM2)and effect(∼0.050),and lower false positive rate(∼0.48‰)and false negative rate(<8.10%)in three environments of 300 RILs each than ICIM(47.57%;3.607 cM2,0.583;2.81‰;52.43%)and MCIM(60.30%;5.279 cM2,0.274;2.17‰;39.70%).In the real data analysis of rice yield-related traits in 240 RILs,3vGCIM mines more known genes(57–60)and known gene-by-environment interactions(GEIs)(14–19)and candidate GEIs(21–23)than ICIM(27,2,and 7),and MCIM(21,1,and 3),especially in small-effect and linked QTLs and QEIs.This makes 3vGCIM a powerful and sensitive tool for QTL mapping and molecular QTL mapping.展开更多
The antioxidant activity of selenium-containing soybean peptides(SePPs)has been previously demonstrated,despite their limited absorption in the small intestine.This study investigates the antioxidant mechanism of a se...The antioxidant activity of selenium-containing soybean peptides(SePPs)has been previously demonstrated,despite their limited absorption in the small intestine.This study investigates the antioxidant mechanism of a selenium-containing tetrapeptide,Ser-Phe-Gln-SeM(SFQSeM),identified from SePPs,with particular emphasis on its interaction with the intestinal microbiota and its role in modulating host antioxidant defenses.The effects of SFQSeM were evaluated in a D-galactose-induced oxidative stress model and an antibiotictreated mouse model.SFQSeM supplementation significantly reduced the oxidative stress in D-galactosetreated mice.It also promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria and increased the levels of acetate,butyrate and lactate in the intestine(P<0.05).In the antibiotic-treated mouse model,depletion of the intestinal microbiota significantly reduced hepatic glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity(26.6%)and glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx-1)expression(48.77%)compared to normal mice supplemented with SFQSeM(P<0.05).In contrast to Na_(2)SeO_(3)and selenomethionine,SFQSeM effectively restored the diversity of the intestinal microbiota disrupted by antibiotics.Lactobacillus,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,and Muribaculaceae were identified as predominant bacteria in the SFQSeM group,and were strongly associated with increased hepatic GSH-Px activity and GPx-1 mRNA expression(P<0.05).In conclusion,intestinal microbiota enhances the antioxidant efficacy of SFQSeM by modulating microbial composition,producing active metabolites,and converting SFQSeM into a bioactive form of selenium.展开更多
Numerical simulations and theoretical models are developed in this paper for the Detonation-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interactions(DWBLIs)under reflections.Transient flow fields demonstrate the highly non-stationarity of th...Numerical simulations and theoretical models are developed in this paper for the Detonation-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interactions(DWBLIs)under reflections.Transient flow fields demonstrate the highly non-stationarity of the DWBLIs when Mach Reflection(MR)occur,and subsequent analyses show that the subsonic region introduced by the boundary layer exacerbates the instability.Further quantitative analyses show that viscosity has little effect on propulsive performance and the separation wave can be considered as an oblique detonation wave.Influence parameters to DWBLIs such as combustion chamber height,incoming Mach number,equivalence ratio,and inlet channel length are categorized and studied.Besides simulations,theoretical analytical modeling is established for Regular Reflection(RR)and MR of DWBLIs.Multiple formulas for the separation zone length are obtained according to the mass conservation under different transformation type between inviscid and viscid reflections.Comparison with the numerical simulations verifies the validity of the model and it can be further generalized to the curved DWBLIs.The developed model makes the theoretical solution process of DWBLIs possible and provides the key foundation for further analysis and solution.展开更多
Understanding the deterioration behaviors and mechanisms of rocks under thermo-hydromechanical(THM)interactions is crucial for mitigating slope instability.In this study,the physicomechanical properties of silty mudst...Understanding the deterioration behaviors and mechanisms of rocks under thermo-hydromechanical(THM)interactions is crucial for mitigating slope instability.In this study,the physicomechanical properties of silty mudstone subjected to THM interactions were investigated by triaxial tests.The underlying micro-mechanisms were revealed using microscopic tests.The triaxial test results indicate that the strength parameters of silty mudstone decrease by 89.50%(deformation modulus),78.15%(peak strength),70.58%(cohesion),and 48.65%(friction angle)under 16 THM cycles,a load of 300 kPa,and alternating between 0℃water immersion and 60℃drying.The SEM test results indicate that the deterioration of silty mudstone strength primarily results from hydrothermal-expansion softening and cracking driven by the TLHM interactions.The specimens manifest shear failure under confining pressure exceeding 140 kPa.Furthermore,a new constitutive model considering hydrothermalexpansion strain and non-linear deformation characteristics was developed.The discrepancy between the experimentally measured peak strength and the damage constitutive model prediction remains below 5%.The proposed model is verified to be in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results.The self-designed THM apparatus overcomes the limitations of traditional investigations,enabling simultaneous consideration of thermal,hydraulic,and mechanical interactions.展开更多
Recycling of waste rubber(WR)is crucial for the sustainable development of the rubber industry.The enhancement of interfacial interactions is the main strategy for waste polymer recycling.However,there is a lack of me...Recycling of waste rubber(WR)is crucial for the sustainable development of the rubber industry.The enhancement of interfacial interactions is the main strategy for waste polymer recycling.However,there is a lack of methods for enhancing the interfacial interactions for WR recycling because WR contains abundant inert C―H bonds.Herein,we designed thioctic acid inverse vulcanization copolymers to endow recycled WR with dynamic disulfide interfacial interactions,significantly improving the mechanical properties of recycled WR.These disulfide interfacial interactions among the recycled WR tend to exchange,which dramatically increases the fractocohesive length and prevents stress concentration near the crack tips.When recycled WR is subjected to external stress,the loads are redistributed across a broad region of adjacent regions instead of being concentrated on a limited length scale,which resists crack propagation.This work effectively recycled WR,providing a strategy for solvent-free reaction-derived inverse vulcanization copolymers to improve the toughness of WR recycling.展开更多
For hypersonic air-breathing vehicles,the V-shaped leading edges(VSLEs)of supersonic combustion ramjet(scramjet)inlets experience complex shock interactions and intense aerodynamic loads.This paper provides a comprehe...For hypersonic air-breathing vehicles,the V-shaped leading edges(VSLEs)of supersonic combustion ramjet(scramjet)inlets experience complex shock interactions and intense aerodynamic loads.This paper provides a comprehensive review of flow characteristics at the crotch of VSLEs,with particular focus on the transition of shock interaction types and the variation of wall heat flux under different freestream Mach numbers and geometric configurations.The mechanisms governing shock transition,unsteady oscillations,hysteresis,and three-dimensional effects in VSLE flows are first examined.Subsequently,thermal protection strategies aimed at mitigating extreme heating loads are reviewed,emphasizing their relevance to practical engineering applications.Special attention is given to recent studies addressing thermochemical nonequilibrium effects on VSLE shock interactions,and the limitations of current research are critically assessed.Finally,perspectives for future investigations into hypersonic VSLE shock interactions are outlined,highlighting opportunities for advancing design and thermal management strategies.展开更多
Luminescent metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have garnered significant attention due to their structural tunability and potential applications in solid-state lighting,bioimaging,sensing,anticounterfeiting,and other field...Luminescent metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have garnered significant attention due to their structural tunability and potential applications in solid-state lighting,bioimaging,sensing,anticounterfeiting,and other fields.Nevertheless,due to the tendency of1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid(BDC)to rotate within the framework,MOFs composed of it exhibit significant non-radiative energy dissipation and thus impair the emissive properties.In this study,efficient luminescence of MIL-140A nanocrystals(NCs)with BDC rotors as ligands is achieved by pressure treatment strategy.Pressure treatment effectively modulates the pore structure of the framework,enhancing the interactions between the N,N-dimethylformamide vip molecules and the BDC ligands.The enhanced host-vip interaction contributes to the structural rigidity of the MOF,thereby suppressing the rotation-induced excited-state energy loss.As a result,the pressure-treated MIL-140A NCs displayed bright blue-light emission,with the photoluminescence quantum yield increasing from an initial 6.8%to 69.2%.This study developed an effective strategy to improve the luminescence performance of rotor ligand MOFs,offers a new avenue for the rational design and synthesis of MOFs with superior luminescent properties.展开更多
Neuropathic pain is a complex and debilitating condition caused by lesions or dysfunction within the somatosensory nervous system.Affecting an estimated 7%-10%of the global population,it presents with spontaneous pain...Neuropathic pain is a complex and debilitating condition caused by lesions or dysfunction within the somatosensory nervous system.Affecting an estimated 7%-10%of the global population,it presents with spontaneous pain,hyperalgesia,and allodynia,often accompanied by long-term emotional and cognitive consequences,such as depression and anxiety,which result in a reduced quality of life.Despite extensive research efforts,effective treatments remain limited.This limited efficacy likely stems,in part,from the heterogeneous nature of neuropathic pain,which varies widely across individuals in both clinical presentation and treatment responsiveness.展开更多
The coupled chemo-mechanical impact of supercritical CO_(2)-H_(2)O(ScCO_(2)-H_(2)O)reactions on fracture geometry and nonlinear flow regimes in deep shale under confining pressures remains inadequately quantified.This...The coupled chemo-mechanical impact of supercritical CO_(2)-H_(2)O(ScCO_(2)-H_(2)O)reactions on fracture geometry and nonlinear flow regimes in deep shale under confining pressures remains inadequately quantified.This study systematically investigates the effects of ScCO_(2)-H_(2)O-shale interactions on fracture morphology and flow properties under confining pressures from 15 MPa to 40 MPa by integrating XRD(X-ray diffraction),micro-CT,3D surface profilometry,and multistage steady-state flow experiments.The results demonstrate that ScCO_(2)-H_(2)O exposure drives pyrite/feldspar dissolution and localized clay precipitation,resulting in fracture branching and macroscopic aperture regularization.Critically,confining pressure dictates the net hydraulic response:under low confining pressure(15-25 MPa),dissolution dominates,enhancing permeability,flow efficiency(Q/VP),and pre-linear flow behavior(n<1).At high confining pressures(30-40 MPa)mechanical compaction and mineral precipitation amplify flow resistance,shifting the flow regime toward quasi-linear behavior,as inertial effects become negligible compared to dominant viscous forces and increased flow resistance.Confining pressure thus critically mediates the dissolution-precipitation balance during ScCO_(2)-H_(2)O treatment,with an optimal window of 15-25 MPa identified for enhancing conductivity while minimizing clogging risk.These findings provide a quantitative framework for predicting stress-dependent flow evolution in chemically altered shale fractures.展开更多
Beryllium-containing sludge(BCS)is a typical hazardous waste from Be smelting,which can cause serious harm to ecology and human health by releasing harmful Be if it is stored long-term in environment.Nonetheless,the o...Beryllium-containing sludge(BCS)is a typical hazardous waste from Be smelting,which can cause serious harm to ecology and human health by releasing harmful Be if it is stored long-term in environment.Nonetheless,the occurrence of Be in BCS is unclear,which seriously hinders the development of pollution control technologies.In order to enhance the understanding of BCS,the occurrence of Be and the microscale interactions with coexisting phases were investigated for the first time.It was found that CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O and amorphous SiO_(2) are the primary phases of BCS.The simulated experiments of purified materials showed that Be interacted with CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O and amorphous SiO_(2).Be can enter into the lattice of CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O mainly as free Be2+.Amorphous SiO_(2) can adsorb Be2+particularly at a pH range of 3–5.The dissolution behavior experiment of BCS shows that about 52%of the Be is readily extracted under acidic conditions,which refers to the Be of independent occurrence.In contrast,the remaining 48%of Be can be extracted only after the CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O has completely dissolved.Hence,CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O is identified as the key occurrence phase which determines the highly efficient dissolution of Be.As a result,this study enhances the understanding of BCS and lays the foundation for the development of Be separation technologies.展开更多
The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first i...The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first immune cells to be activated after an ischemic stroke,microglia play an important immunomodulatory role in the progression of the condition.After an ischemic stroke,peripheral blood immune cells(mainly T cells)are recruited to the central nervous system by chemokines secreted by immune cells in the brain,where they interact with central nervous system cells(mainly microglia)to trigger a secondary neuroimmune response.This review summarizes the interactions between T cells and microglia in the immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke.We found that,during ischemic stroke,T cells and microglia demonstrate a more pronounced synergistic effect.Th1,Th17,and M1 microglia can co-secrete proinflammatory factors,such as interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β,to promote neuroinflammation and exacerbate brain injury.Th2,Treg,and M2 microglia jointly secrete anti-inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-4,interleukin-10,and transforming growth factor-β,to inhibit the progression of neuroinflammation,as well as growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor to promote nerve regeneration and repair brain injury.Immune interactions between microglia and T cells influence the direction of the subsequent neuroinflammation,which in turn determines the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.Clinical trials have been conducted on the ways to modulate the interactions between T cells and microglia toward anti-inflammatory communication using the immunosuppressant fingolimod or overdosing with Treg cells to promote neural tissue repair and reduce the damage caused by ischemic stroke.However,such studies have been relatively infrequent,and clinical experience is still insufficient.In summary,in ischemic stroke,T cell subsets and activated microglia act synergistically to regulate inflammatory progression,mainly by secreting inflammatory factors.In the future,a key research direction for ischemic stroke treatment could be rooted in the enhancement of anti-inflammatory factor secretion by promoting the generation of Th2 and Treg cells,along with the activation of M2-type microglia.These approaches may alleviate neuroinflammation and facilitate the repair of neural tissues.展开更多
Deficiency or restriction of Zn absorption in soils is one of the most common micronutrients deficient in cereal plants. To investigate critical micronutrient interaction in zinc deficiency and zinc sufficient in soil...Deficiency or restriction of Zn absorption in soils is one of the most common micronutrients deficient in cereal plants. To investigate critical micronutrient interaction in zinc deficiency and zinc sufficient in soil, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted in 2023. Six wheat cultivars with different Zn efficiency were used. The cultivars were grown under Zn deficiency and adequate conditions. Results showed that in Zn deficiency conditions, with increasing Zn concentration in the roots, Fe concentrations were increased too, while the Cu and Mn concentrations decreased. In the same condition and with increasing Zn concentration in shoots, the concentrations of Fe and Mn decreased, while Cu were increased. However, by increasing Zn concentration, Fe, Cu, and Mn concentrations were increased in Zn deficiency condition in grains, as well as Zn sufficient conditions. RST (root to shoot micronutrient translocation) comparison of cultivars showed that in lack of Zn, the ability of translocation of Zn, Fe, and Mn in Zn-inefficient cultivar from root to shoot was higher than inefficient cultivar. In the same conditions, the capability of Zn-inefficient cultivar in Cu translocation from root to shoot was lower than other cultivars. In general, it seems that in Zn deficiency conditions, there are antagonistic effects among Zn, Cu and Mn and synergistic effects between Zn and Fe in the root. Also, in Zn sufficient conditions, there were synergistic effects among all studies micronutrients which include Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn.展开更多
With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Ni...With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Nickel-based catalysts are renowned for their outstanding activity and selectivity in this process.The impact of metal-support interaction(MSI),on Ni-based catalyst performance has been extensively researched and debated recently.This paper reviews the recent research progress of MSI on Ni-based catalysts and their characterization and modulation strategies in catalytic reactions.From the perspective of MSI,the effects of different carriers(metal oxides,carbon materials and molecular sieves,etc.)are introduced on the dispersion and surface structure of Ni active metal particles,and the effect of MSI on the activity and stability of DRM reactions on Ni-based catalysts is discussed in detail.Future research should focus on better understanding and controlling MSI to improve the performance and durability of nickel-based catalysts in CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming,advancing cleaner energy technologies.展开更多
Food systems are deeply affected by climate change and air pollution,while being key contributors to these environmental challenges.Understanding the complex interactions among food systems,climate change,and air poll...Food systems are deeply affected by climate change and air pollution,while being key contributors to these environmental challenges.Understanding the complex interactions among food systems,climate change,and air pollution is crucial for mitigating climate change,improving air quality,and promoting the sustainable development of food systems.However,the literature lacks a comprehensive review of these interactions,particularly in the current phase of rapid development in the field.To address this gap,this study systematically reviews recent research on the impacts of climate change and air pollution on food systems,as well as the greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions from agri-food systems and their contribution to global climate change and air pollution.In addition,this study summarizes various strategies for mitigation and adaptation,including adjustments in agricultural practices and food supply chains.Profound changes in food systems are urgently needed to enhance adaptability and reduce emissions.This review offers a critical overview of current research on the interactions among food systems,climate change,and air pollution and highlights future research directions to support the transition to sustainable food systems.展开更多
This study reviews light-responsive polymers in various applications,including drug delivery,information storage,sensor,self-healing material,antibacterial or anti-fouling,and environmental applications.Light-responsi...This study reviews light-responsive polymers in various applications,including drug delivery,information storage,sensor,self-healing material,antibacterial or anti-fouling,and environmental applications.Light-responsive polymers are a new material type being developed for various medical,electronics,engineering,and environmental applications.The working principle of light-responsive materials is based on metalligand interactions or non-covalent interactions between polymer functional groups,metal ions,and other filler functional groups.Light irradiation causes physical and mechanical changes in drug delivery and antibacterial systems,which results in the materials releasing more drugs or antibacterial substances.When materials in information storage devices and sensors are exposed to light,they can change color or glow.This has been applied for data storage to reveal QR codes under UV light.Additionally,this review discusses the thermodynamic aspects and computer modeling of light-responsive materials to emphasize the importance and development of these materials.Finally,light-responsive polymer development for various applications is presented.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as prime candidates for energy storage devices.Ethylene carbonate(EC)has become a critical component in conventional commercial electrolytes due to its exceptional film-form...Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as prime candidates for energy storage devices.Ethylene carbonate(EC)has become a critical component in conventional commercial electrolytes due to its exceptional film-forming properties and high dielectric constant.However,the elevated freezing point,high viscosity,and strong solvation energy of EC significantly hinder the transport rate of Li^(+)and the desolvation process at low temperatures.This leads to substantial capacity loss and even lithium plating on graphite anodes.Herein,we have developed an efficient electrolyte system specifically designed for lowtemperature conditions,which consists of 1.0 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)in isoxazole(IZ)with fluorobenzene(FB)as an uncoordinated solvent and fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)as a filmforming co-solvent.This system effectively lowers the desolvation energy of Li^(+)through dipole-dipole interactions.The weak solvation capability allows more anions to enter the solvation sheath,promoting the formation of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs)that enhance the transport rate of Li^(+)while maintaining high ionic conductivity across a broad temperature range.Moreover,the formation of inorganic-dominant interfacial phases on the graphite anode,induced by fluoroethylene carbonate,significantly enhances the kinetics of Li^(+)transport.At a low temperature of-20℃,this electrolyte system achieves an impressive reversible capacity of 200.9 mAh g^(-1)in graphite half-cell,which is nearly three times that observed with conventional EC-based electrolytes,demonstrating excellent stability throughout its operation.展开更多
Plasmonic nanoantennas provide unique opportunities for precise control of light–matter coupling in surface-enhanced infrared absorption(SEIRA)spectroscopy,but most of the resonant systems realized so far suffer from...Plasmonic nanoantennas provide unique opportunities for precise control of light–matter coupling in surface-enhanced infrared absorption(SEIRA)spectroscopy,but most of the resonant systems realized so far suffer from the obstacles of low sensitivity,narrow bandwidth,and asymmetric Fano resonance perturbations.Here,we demonstrated an overcoupled resonator with a high plasmon-molecule coupling coefficient(μ)(OC-Hμresonator)by precisely controlling the radiation loss channel,the resonator-oscillator coupling channel,and the frequency detuning channel.We observed a strong dependence of the sensing performance on the coupling state,and demonstrated that OC-Hμresonator has excellent sensing properties of ultra-sensitive(7.25%nm^(−1)),ultra-broadband(3–10μm),and immune asymmetric Fano lineshapes.These characteristics represent a breakthrough in SEIRA technology and lay the foundation for specific recognition of biomolecules,trace detection,and protein secondary structure analysis using a single array(array size is 100×100μm^(2)).In addition,with the assistance of machine learning,mixture classification,concentration prediction and spectral reconstruction were achieved with the highest accuracy of 100%.Finally,we demonstrated the potential of OC-Hμresonator for SARS-CoV-2 detection.These findings will promote the wider application of SEIRA technology,while providing new ideas for other enhanced spectroscopy technologies,quantum photonics and studying light–matter interactions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372233)the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University,China(No.25GH01020005)the“111 Project”of China(No.B17037)。
文摘As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises structural concerns,and the latter is of aerodynamic interest.Thus,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow represents a vital topic for the development and optimization of supersonic vehicles and propulsion systems.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the methodologies applied to capture structural and fluid dynamics,including theoretical models,numerical simulations,and wind tunnel experiments.The application of data-driven modal decomposition,an advanced technique to extract physically crucial features,on the topic is introduced.From the perspective of FSIs,the distinctive aeroelastic behaviors in shock-dominated flow,including hysteresis phenomena and nonlinear responses,are highlighted.From the perspective of SBLIs,the modifications in their spatial and temporal characteristics imposed by the aeroelastic responses are emphasized.Motivated by the interaction between the shock waves and structural response,different strategies have been proposed to implement aeroelastic suppression and shock control,which have the potential to enhance structural safety and aerodynamic performance in the next generation of high-speed flight vehicles.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2442206,42205067,and 41922035)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFC3013100)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS(Grant No.QYZDB-SSW-DQC017).
文摘This study reveals the critical role of multiscale interaction within the westerly wind bursts(WWBs)west of the MJO convection in modulating the prediction skill for the November MJO event during the DYNAMO(Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation)field campaign.The characteristics of the MJO convection envelope are obtained by the largescale precipitation tracking method,and a novel metric is introduced to quantify the prediction skill for the MJO convection in the ECMWF reforecast.The ECMWF forecast exhibits approximately 17 days in skillful prediction for the MJO convection—significantly lower than that derived from the global measure.The reforecast ensembles are further classified into high and low skill catalogs based on the mean prediction skill during the observed WWBs period.High-skill ensembles exhibit significantly enhanced low-level westerlies,amplified MJO convection,and reduced spatial separation between the low-level westerlies and MJO convection during the WWBs period,indicating stronger coupling between the large-scale circulation and the convection.Mechanistic analysis reveals that enhanced westerlies in high-skill ensembles can transfer more high-frequency energy to the MJO convection through the flux convergence of interaction energy for MJO convection development,resulting in better prediction skill.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFF0807000)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42305004,42175073 and 42175013)supported partly by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M743283).
文摘Using observational and reanalysis datasets,this study explores the mechanisms by which the interactions among multi-timescale flows impacted the onset of rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Hato(2017).Hato(2017)formed within a northwest–southeast-oriented synoptic-scale(with periods<10 days)wave train,concurring with a developing intraseasonal(10–90 days)oscillation and an elongated low-frequency(>90 days)monsoon trough in the western North Pacific.Impacted by continuously increasing vertical wind shear,the TC long maintained a highly asymmetric convective structure.Prior to RI onset,the synoptic-scale circulation and the inner-core asymmetric convection of Hato(2017)greatly strengthened,which are the key factors believed to trigger RI.A multi-timescale eddy kinetic energy budget indicates that the wind convergence associated with the intraseasonal circulation and monsoon trough led to barotropic energy conversion that largely enhanced the synoptic-scale cyclonic circulation.Besides,the pronounced increases in midlevel relative humidity(RH)and surface latent heat flux(LHF)were observed upshear before RI onset,which were primarily driven by the strong intraseasonal and synoptic-scale RH anomalies and the strengthened low-level wind speed,respectively.The increased LHF and midlevel RH,together with the enhanced downshear confluence between synoptic-scale and Intraseasonal Oscillation(ISO)/low-frequency winds,could have helped the intensification of asymmetric convection that supports RI onset.Overall,this study suggests that the interactions across multiple timescales may create favorable dynamic and thermodynamic conditions that promoted RI onset,offering new insights into RI processes for highly asymmetric tropical cyclones like Hato(2017).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270673 and 32470657).
文摘Existing quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping had low efficiency in identifying small-effect and closely linked QTL-by-environment interactions(QEIs)in recombinant inbred lines(RILs),especially in the era of global climate change.To address this challenge,here we integrate the compressed variance component mixed model with our GCIM to propose 3vGCIM for identifying QEIs in RILs,and extend 3vGCIM-random to 3vGCIM-fixed.3vGCIM integrates genome-wide scanning with machine learning,significantly improving power.In the mixed full model,we consider all possible effects and control for all possible polygenic backgrounds.In simulation studies,3vGCIM exhibits higher power(∼92.00%),higher accuracy of the estimates for QTL position(∼1.900 cM2)and effect(∼0.050),and lower false positive rate(∼0.48‰)and false negative rate(<8.10%)in three environments of 300 RILs each than ICIM(47.57%;3.607 cM2,0.583;2.81‰;52.43%)and MCIM(60.30%;5.279 cM2,0.274;2.17‰;39.70%).In the real data analysis of rice yield-related traits in 240 RILs,3vGCIM mines more known genes(57–60)and known gene-by-environment interactions(GEIs)(14–19)and candidate GEIs(21–23)than ICIM(27,2,and 7),and MCIM(21,1,and 3),especially in small-effect and linked QTLs and QEIs.This makes 3vGCIM a powerful and sensitive tool for QTL mapping and molecular QTL mapping.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32502106)One health Interdisciplinary Research Project,Institute of One Health Science,Ningbo University(NBUOH202502)the Ningbo Top Talent Project(215-432094250).
文摘The antioxidant activity of selenium-containing soybean peptides(SePPs)has been previously demonstrated,despite their limited absorption in the small intestine.This study investigates the antioxidant mechanism of a selenium-containing tetrapeptide,Ser-Phe-Gln-SeM(SFQSeM),identified from SePPs,with particular emphasis on its interaction with the intestinal microbiota and its role in modulating host antioxidant defenses.The effects of SFQSeM were evaluated in a D-galactose-induced oxidative stress model and an antibiotictreated mouse model.SFQSeM supplementation significantly reduced the oxidative stress in D-galactosetreated mice.It also promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria and increased the levels of acetate,butyrate and lactate in the intestine(P<0.05).In the antibiotic-treated mouse model,depletion of the intestinal microbiota significantly reduced hepatic glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity(26.6%)and glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx-1)expression(48.77%)compared to normal mice supplemented with SFQSeM(P<0.05).In contrast to Na_(2)SeO_(3)and selenomethionine,SFQSeM effectively restored the diversity of the intestinal microbiota disrupted by antibiotics.Lactobacillus,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,and Muribaculaceae were identified as predominant bacteria in the SFQSeM group,and were strongly associated with increased hepatic GSH-Px activity and GPx-1 mRNA expression(P<0.05).In conclusion,intestinal microbiota enhances the antioxidant efficacy of SFQSeM by modulating microbial composition,producing active metabolites,and converting SFQSeM into a bioactive form of selenium.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A2069,U21B6003,12302389 and 12472337)the Advanced Aero-Power Innovation Workstation,China(No.HKCX2024-01-017)。
文摘Numerical simulations and theoretical models are developed in this paper for the Detonation-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interactions(DWBLIs)under reflections.Transient flow fields demonstrate the highly non-stationarity of the DWBLIs when Mach Reflection(MR)occur,and subsequent analyses show that the subsonic region introduced by the boundary layer exacerbates the instability.Further quantitative analyses show that viscosity has little effect on propulsive performance and the separation wave can be considered as an oblique detonation wave.Influence parameters to DWBLIs such as combustion chamber height,incoming Mach number,equivalence ratio,and inlet channel length are categorized and studied.Besides simulations,theoretical analytical modeling is established for Regular Reflection(RR)and MR of DWBLIs.Multiple formulas for the separation zone length are obtained according to the mass conservation under different transformation type between inviscid and viscid reflections.Comparison with the numerical simulations verifies the validity of the model and it can be further generalized to the curved DWBLIs.The developed model makes the theoretical solution process of DWBLIs possible and provides the key foundation for further analysis and solution.
基金supported by“the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52378440,52078067,52078066,42477143,52408458)the Key Science and Technology Program in the Transportation Industry(2022-MS1-032,2022-MS5-125)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ10045)the Outstanding Innovative Youth Training Program of Changsha City(kq2305023)Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department(24B0292)Water Resources Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province(XSKJ2023059-41)the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(AB23075184)。
文摘Understanding the deterioration behaviors and mechanisms of rocks under thermo-hydromechanical(THM)interactions is crucial for mitigating slope instability.In this study,the physicomechanical properties of silty mudstone subjected to THM interactions were investigated by triaxial tests.The underlying micro-mechanisms were revealed using microscopic tests.The triaxial test results indicate that the strength parameters of silty mudstone decrease by 89.50%(deformation modulus),78.15%(peak strength),70.58%(cohesion),and 48.65%(friction angle)under 16 THM cycles,a load of 300 kPa,and alternating between 0℃water immersion and 60℃drying.The SEM test results indicate that the deterioration of silty mudstone strength primarily results from hydrothermal-expansion softening and cracking driven by the TLHM interactions.The specimens manifest shear failure under confining pressure exceeding 140 kPa.Furthermore,a new constitutive model considering hydrothermalexpansion strain and non-linear deformation characteristics was developed.The discrepancy between the experimentally measured peak strength and the damage constitutive model prediction remains below 5%.The proposed model is verified to be in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results.The self-designed THM apparatus overcomes the limitations of traditional investigations,enabling simultaneous consideration of thermal,hydraulic,and mechanical interactions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52363007)。
文摘Recycling of waste rubber(WR)is crucial for the sustainable development of the rubber industry.The enhancement of interfacial interactions is the main strategy for waste polymer recycling.However,there is a lack of methods for enhancing the interfacial interactions for WR recycling because WR contains abundant inert C―H bonds.Herein,we designed thioctic acid inverse vulcanization copolymers to endow recycled WR with dynamic disulfide interfacial interactions,significantly improving the mechanical properties of recycled WR.These disulfide interfacial interactions among the recycled WR tend to exchange,which dramatically increases the fractocohesive length and prevents stress concentration near the crack tips.When recycled WR is subjected to external stress,the loads are redistributed across a broad region of adjacent regions instead of being concentrated on a limited length scale,which resists crack propagation.This work effectively recycled WR,providing a strategy for solvent-free reaction-derived inverse vulcanization copolymers to improve the toughness of WR recycling.
基金funded by the Research Fund of National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Physics in Fluids,grant number 2024-APF-KFZD-01Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,grant number 2025A1515012081+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 12002193Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China,grant number ZR2019QA018.
文摘For hypersonic air-breathing vehicles,the V-shaped leading edges(VSLEs)of supersonic combustion ramjet(scramjet)inlets experience complex shock interactions and intense aerodynamic loads.This paper provides a comprehensive review of flow characteristics at the crotch of VSLEs,with particular focus on the transition of shock interaction types and the variation of wall heat flux under different freestream Mach numbers and geometric configurations.The mechanisms governing shock transition,unsteady oscillations,hysteresis,and three-dimensional effects in VSLE flows are first examined.Subsequently,thermal protection strategies aimed at mitigating extreme heating loads are reviewed,emphasizing their relevance to practical engineering applications.Special attention is given to recent studies addressing thermochemical nonequilibrium effects on VSLE shock interactions,and the limitations of current research are critically assessed.Finally,perspectives for future investigations into hypersonic VSLE shock interactions are outlined,highlighting opportunities for advancing design and thermal management strategies.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1406200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12274177 and 12304261)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M751076)。
文摘Luminescent metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have garnered significant attention due to their structural tunability and potential applications in solid-state lighting,bioimaging,sensing,anticounterfeiting,and other fields.Nevertheless,due to the tendency of1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid(BDC)to rotate within the framework,MOFs composed of it exhibit significant non-radiative energy dissipation and thus impair the emissive properties.In this study,efficient luminescence of MIL-140A nanocrystals(NCs)with BDC rotors as ligands is achieved by pressure treatment strategy.Pressure treatment effectively modulates the pore structure of the framework,enhancing the interactions between the N,N-dimethylformamide vip molecules and the BDC ligands.The enhanced host-vip interaction contributes to the structural rigidity of the MOF,thereby suppressing the rotation-induced excited-state energy loss.As a result,the pressure-treated MIL-140A NCs displayed bright blue-light emission,with the photoluminescence quantum yield increasing from an initial 6.8%to 69.2%.This study developed an effective strategy to improve the luminescence performance of rotor ligand MOFs,offers a new avenue for the rational design and synthesis of MOFs with superior luminescent properties.
基金Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Center for Cognition and Sociality(IBS-R001-D2 to BL).
文摘Neuropathic pain is a complex and debilitating condition caused by lesions or dysfunction within the somatosensory nervous system.Affecting an estimated 7%-10%of the global population,it presents with spontaneous pain,hyperalgesia,and allodynia,often accompanied by long-term emotional and cognitive consequences,such as depression and anxiety,which result in a reduced quality of life.Despite extensive research efforts,effective treatments remain limited.This limited efficacy likely stems,in part,from the heterogeneous nature of neuropathic pain,which varies widely across individuals in both clinical presentation and treatment responsiveness.
基金support from the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2023RC1021)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2025YFHZ0323).-。
文摘The coupled chemo-mechanical impact of supercritical CO_(2)-H_(2)O(ScCO_(2)-H_(2)O)reactions on fracture geometry and nonlinear flow regimes in deep shale under confining pressures remains inadequately quantified.This study systematically investigates the effects of ScCO_(2)-H_(2)O-shale interactions on fracture morphology and flow properties under confining pressures from 15 MPa to 40 MPa by integrating XRD(X-ray diffraction),micro-CT,3D surface profilometry,and multistage steady-state flow experiments.The results demonstrate that ScCO_(2)-H_(2)O exposure drives pyrite/feldspar dissolution and localized clay precipitation,resulting in fracture branching and macroscopic aperture regularization.Critically,confining pressure dictates the net hydraulic response:under low confining pressure(15-25 MPa),dissolution dominates,enhancing permeability,flow efficiency(Q/VP),and pre-linear flow behavior(n<1).At high confining pressures(30-40 MPa)mechanical compaction and mineral precipitation amplify flow resistance,shifting the flow regime toward quasi-linear behavior,as inertial effects become negligible compared to dominant viscous forces and increased flow resistance.Confining pressure thus critically mediates the dissolution-precipitation balance during ScCO_(2)-H_(2)O treatment,with an optimal window of 15-25 MPa identified for enhancing conductivity while minimizing clogging risk.These findings provide a quantitative framework for predicting stress-dependent flow evolution in chemically altered shale fractures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22276219)the foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52121004)+1 种基金the major program Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(No.2021JC0001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(No.2024ZZTS0063).
文摘Beryllium-containing sludge(BCS)is a typical hazardous waste from Be smelting,which can cause serious harm to ecology and human health by releasing harmful Be if it is stored long-term in environment.Nonetheless,the occurrence of Be in BCS is unclear,which seriously hinders the development of pollution control technologies.In order to enhance the understanding of BCS,the occurrence of Be and the microscale interactions with coexisting phases were investigated for the first time.It was found that CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O and amorphous SiO_(2) are the primary phases of BCS.The simulated experiments of purified materials showed that Be interacted with CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O and amorphous SiO_(2).Be can enter into the lattice of CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O mainly as free Be2+.Amorphous SiO_(2) can adsorb Be2+particularly at a pH range of 3–5.The dissolution behavior experiment of BCS shows that about 52%of the Be is readily extracted under acidic conditions,which refers to the Be of independent occurrence.In contrast,the remaining 48%of Be can be extracted only after the CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O has completely dissolved.Hence,CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O is identified as the key occurrence phase which determines the highly efficient dissolution of Be.As a result,this study enhances the understanding of BCS and lays the foundation for the development of Be separation technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82104560(to CL),U21A20400(to QW)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7232279(to XW)the Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,No.2022-JYB-JBZR-004(to XW)。
文摘The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first immune cells to be activated after an ischemic stroke,microglia play an important immunomodulatory role in the progression of the condition.After an ischemic stroke,peripheral blood immune cells(mainly T cells)are recruited to the central nervous system by chemokines secreted by immune cells in the brain,where they interact with central nervous system cells(mainly microglia)to trigger a secondary neuroimmune response.This review summarizes the interactions between T cells and microglia in the immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke.We found that,during ischemic stroke,T cells and microglia demonstrate a more pronounced synergistic effect.Th1,Th17,and M1 microglia can co-secrete proinflammatory factors,such as interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β,to promote neuroinflammation and exacerbate brain injury.Th2,Treg,and M2 microglia jointly secrete anti-inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-4,interleukin-10,and transforming growth factor-β,to inhibit the progression of neuroinflammation,as well as growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor to promote nerve regeneration and repair brain injury.Immune interactions between microglia and T cells influence the direction of the subsequent neuroinflammation,which in turn determines the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.Clinical trials have been conducted on the ways to modulate the interactions between T cells and microglia toward anti-inflammatory communication using the immunosuppressant fingolimod or overdosing with Treg cells to promote neural tissue repair and reduce the damage caused by ischemic stroke.However,such studies have been relatively infrequent,and clinical experience is still insufficient.In summary,in ischemic stroke,T cell subsets and activated microglia act synergistically to regulate inflammatory progression,mainly by secreting inflammatory factors.In the future,a key research direction for ischemic stroke treatment could be rooted in the enhancement of anti-inflammatory factor secretion by promoting the generation of Th2 and Treg cells,along with the activation of M2-type microglia.These approaches may alleviate neuroinflammation and facilitate the repair of neural tissues.
文摘Deficiency or restriction of Zn absorption in soils is one of the most common micronutrients deficient in cereal plants. To investigate critical micronutrient interaction in zinc deficiency and zinc sufficient in soil, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was conducted in 2023. Six wheat cultivars with different Zn efficiency were used. The cultivars were grown under Zn deficiency and adequate conditions. Results showed that in Zn deficiency conditions, with increasing Zn concentration in the roots, Fe concentrations were increased too, while the Cu and Mn concentrations decreased. In the same condition and with increasing Zn concentration in shoots, the concentrations of Fe and Mn decreased, while Cu were increased. However, by increasing Zn concentration, Fe, Cu, and Mn concentrations were increased in Zn deficiency condition in grains, as well as Zn sufficient conditions. RST (root to shoot micronutrient translocation) comparison of cultivars showed that in lack of Zn, the ability of translocation of Zn, Fe, and Mn in Zn-inefficient cultivar from root to shoot was higher than inefficient cultivar. In the same conditions, the capability of Zn-inefficient cultivar in Cu translocation from root to shoot was lower than other cultivars. In general, it seems that in Zn deficiency conditions, there are antagonistic effects among Zn, Cu and Mn and synergistic effects between Zn and Fe in the root. Also, in Zn sufficient conditions, there were synergistic effects among all studies micronutrients which include Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202203021221155)the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Low Carbon Utilization of Coal(J23-24-902)。
文摘With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Nickel-based catalysts are renowned for their outstanding activity and selectivity in this process.The impact of metal-support interaction(MSI),on Ni-based catalyst performance has been extensively researched and debated recently.This paper reviews the recent research progress of MSI on Ni-based catalysts and their characterization and modulation strategies in catalytic reactions.From the perspective of MSI,the effects of different carriers(metal oxides,carbon materials and molecular sieves,etc.)are introduced on the dispersion and surface structure of Ni active metal particles,and the effect of MSI on the activity and stability of DRM reactions on Ni-based catalysts is discussed in detail.Future research should focus on better understanding and controlling MSI to improve the performance and durability of nickel-based catalysts in CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming,advancing cleaner energy technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42277087,42130708,42471021,42277482,and 42361144876)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515012550)+3 种基金the Hainan Institute of National Park grant(KY-23ZK01)the Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Cross-disciplinary Research and Innovation Fund Research Plan(JC2022011)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20240813112106009 and ZDSYS20220606100806014)the Scientific Research Start-up Funds(QD2021030C)from Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School。
文摘Food systems are deeply affected by climate change and air pollution,while being key contributors to these environmental challenges.Understanding the complex interactions among food systems,climate change,and air pollution is crucial for mitigating climate change,improving air quality,and promoting the sustainable development of food systems.However,the literature lacks a comprehensive review of these interactions,particularly in the current phase of rapid development in the field.To address this gap,this study systematically reviews recent research on the impacts of climate change and air pollution on food systems,as well as the greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions from agri-food systems and their contribution to global climate change and air pollution.In addition,this study summarizes various strategies for mitigation and adaptation,including adjustments in agricultural practices and food supply chains.Profound changes in food systems are urgently needed to enhance adaptability and reduce emissions.This review offers a critical overview of current research on the interactions among food systems,climate change,and air pollution and highlights future research directions to support the transition to sustainable food systems.
基金the Franco-Thai Cooperation Programme in Higher Education and Research(Franco-Thai Mobility Programme/PHC SIAM)Year 2024-2025。
文摘This study reviews light-responsive polymers in various applications,including drug delivery,information storage,sensor,self-healing material,antibacterial or anti-fouling,and environmental applications.Light-responsive polymers are a new material type being developed for various medical,electronics,engineering,and environmental applications.The working principle of light-responsive materials is based on metalligand interactions or non-covalent interactions between polymer functional groups,metal ions,and other filler functional groups.Light irradiation causes physical and mechanical changes in drug delivery and antibacterial systems,which results in the materials releasing more drugs or antibacterial substances.When materials in information storage devices and sensors are exposed to light,they can change color or glow.This has been applied for data storage to reveal QR codes under UV light.Additionally,this review discusses the thermodynamic aspects and computer modeling of light-responsive materials to emphasize the importance and development of these materials.Finally,light-responsive polymer development for various applications is presented.
基金financial support from the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20240304104SF,20240304103SF)the Research and Innovation Fund of the Beihua University for the Graduate Student(Major Project 2023012)。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries are widely recognized as prime candidates for energy storage devices.Ethylene carbonate(EC)has become a critical component in conventional commercial electrolytes due to its exceptional film-forming properties and high dielectric constant.However,the elevated freezing point,high viscosity,and strong solvation energy of EC significantly hinder the transport rate of Li^(+)and the desolvation process at low temperatures.This leads to substantial capacity loss and even lithium plating on graphite anodes.Herein,we have developed an efficient electrolyte system specifically designed for lowtemperature conditions,which consists of 1.0 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)in isoxazole(IZ)with fluorobenzene(FB)as an uncoordinated solvent and fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)as a filmforming co-solvent.This system effectively lowers the desolvation energy of Li^(+)through dipole-dipole interactions.The weak solvation capability allows more anions to enter the solvation sheath,promoting the formation of contact ion pairs(CIPs)and aggregates(AGGs)that enhance the transport rate of Li^(+)while maintaining high ionic conductivity across a broad temperature range.Moreover,the formation of inorganic-dominant interfacial phases on the graphite anode,induced by fluoroethylene carbonate,significantly enhances the kinetics of Li^(+)transport.At a low temperature of-20℃,this electrolyte system achieves an impressive reversible capacity of 200.9 mAh g^(-1)in graphite half-cell,which is nearly three times that observed with conventional EC-based electrolytes,demonstrating excellent stability throughout its operation.
基金supported by A*STAR under the“Nanosystems at the Edge”program(Grant No.A18A4b0055)Ministry of Education(MOE)under the research grant of R-263-000-F18-112/A-0009520-01-00+1 种基金National Research Foundation Singapore grant CRP28-2022-0038the Reimagine Re-search Scheme(RRSC)Project(Grant A-0009037-02-00&A0009037-03-00)at National University of Singapore.
文摘Plasmonic nanoantennas provide unique opportunities for precise control of light–matter coupling in surface-enhanced infrared absorption(SEIRA)spectroscopy,but most of the resonant systems realized so far suffer from the obstacles of low sensitivity,narrow bandwidth,and asymmetric Fano resonance perturbations.Here,we demonstrated an overcoupled resonator with a high plasmon-molecule coupling coefficient(μ)(OC-Hμresonator)by precisely controlling the radiation loss channel,the resonator-oscillator coupling channel,and the frequency detuning channel.We observed a strong dependence of the sensing performance on the coupling state,and demonstrated that OC-Hμresonator has excellent sensing properties of ultra-sensitive(7.25%nm^(−1)),ultra-broadband(3–10μm),and immune asymmetric Fano lineshapes.These characteristics represent a breakthrough in SEIRA technology and lay the foundation for specific recognition of biomolecules,trace detection,and protein secondary structure analysis using a single array(array size is 100×100μm^(2)).In addition,with the assistance of machine learning,mixture classification,concentration prediction and spectral reconstruction were achieved with the highest accuracy of 100%.Finally,we demonstrated the potential of OC-Hμresonator for SARS-CoV-2 detection.These findings will promote the wider application of SEIRA technology,while providing new ideas for other enhanced spectroscopy technologies,quantum photonics and studying light–matter interactions.
