China launched its first spaceborne Precipitation Measurement Radar(PMR)on the FY-3G satellite in April 2023.To achieve the scientific goal of measuring the three-dimensional precipitation structure,evaluating the qua...China launched its first spaceborne Precipitation Measurement Radar(PMR)on the FY-3G satellite in April 2023.To achieve the scientific goal of measuring the three-dimensional precipitation structure,evaluating the quantitative measurement ability of the PMR is critical.China operates more than 250 weather radars over the mainland.Consistency of the spaceborne radar with ground-based radars will enhance precipitation measurement ability,especially over oceans and mountains where observations are sparse.Additionally,the spaceborne radar can be used to evaluate the spatial and temporal homogeneity of the ground-based radar network.This paper focuses on comparing the PMR onboard the FY-3G satellite with S-band China New Generation Weather Radars(CINRADs).A comparison algorithm between the PMR and CINRADs has been developed,incorporating detailed quality control,attenuation correction,data optimization,spatiotemporal matching,non-uniform beam filling constraint,uniformity constraint,and frequency correction.The matched data in typical months of four seasons were selected to carry out the comparison.The data consistency between the PMR and CINRADs was analyzed.The correlation coefficient is 0.87,the deviation is 0.89 dB,and the standard deviation is 2.50 dB,based on 98226 matching samples.The results show the radar reflectivity of the PMR is quite comparable to that of the CINRADs,demonstrating that the PMR data quality is satisfactory and can be used to verify and correct data consistency among multiple ground-based radars.This work also paves the way for data fusion and joint application of satellite and ground radars in the future.展开更多
Since the early 1980 s, the multi-cropping index for rice has decreased significantly in main double-cropping rice area in China, which is the primary double-cropping rice(DCR) production area. This decline may bring ...Since the early 1980 s, the multi-cropping index for rice has decreased significantly in main double-cropping rice area in China, which is the primary double-cropping rice(DCR) production area. This decline may bring challenges to food security in China because rice is the staple food for more than 60% of the Chinese population. It has been generally recognized that rapidly rising labor costs due to economic growth and urbanization in China is the key driving force of the ‘double-to-single' rice cropping system adaption. However, not all provinces have shown a dramatic decline in DCR area, and labor costs alone cannot explain this difference. To elucidate the reasons for these inter-provincial distinctions and the dynamics of rice cropping system adaption, we evaluated the influencing factors using provincial panel data from 1980 to 2015. We also used household survey data for empirical analysis to explore the mechanisms driving differences in rice multi-cropping changes. Our results indicated that the eight provinces in the study can be divided into three spatial groups based on the extent of DCR area decline, the rapidly-declining marginal, core, and stable zones. Increasing labor cost due to rapid urbanization was the key driving force of rice cropping system adaption, but the land use dynamic vary hugely among different provinces. These differences between zones were due to the interaction between labor price and accumulated temperature conditions. Therefore, increasing labor costs had the greatest impact in Zhejiang, Anhui, and Hubei, where the accumulated temperature is relatively low and rice multi-cropping index declined dramaticly. However, labor costs had little impact in Guangdong and Guangxi. Differences in accumulated temperature conditions resulted in spatially different labor demands and pressure on households during the busy season. As a result, there have been different profits and rice multi-cropping changes between provinces and zones. Because of these spatial differences, regionally appropriate policies that provide appropriate subsidies for early rice in rapidly-declining marginal zone such as Zhejiang and Hubei should be implemented. In addition, agricultural mechanization and the number of agricultural workers have facilitated double-cropping; therefore, small machinery and agricultural infrastructure construction should be further supported.展开更多
Old-age pension, a fundamental part of the Chinese social security system, is perceived by the Chinese government as the last support for rural-to-urban migrant workers upon retreating from the labor market. Using sur...Old-age pension, a fundamental part of the Chinese social security system, is perceived by the Chinese government as the last support for rural-to-urban migrant workers upon retreating from the labor market. Using survey data collected by the authors, this paper examines a host of factors which influence migrant workers' participation in the old-age scheme. The result shows that individual characteristics, employment status, attitudes toward old-age support and perception of the old-age pension system significantly differentiate two groups of migrant workers between those that have participated in and their counterparts who have not participated in the old-age pension schemes. Among a number of factors, age, educational attainment, holding labor contract, etc. are found to be significant factors influencing migrants' behavior participating(or not participating) the available age-pension schemes. Policy implications for how to improve the rate of participation in existing old-age pension schemes among migrant workers are drawn from the findings.展开更多
The coordinated development between touristization and urbanization is the key to optimizing regional industrial structure and building a long-term dynamic mechanism for urbanization. Based on constructing the measure...The coordinated development between touristization and urbanization is the key to optimizing regional industrial structure and building a long-term dynamic mechanism for urbanization. Based on constructing the measurement index system of touristization and urbanization level, the evaluation model on the coupled and coordinated degree is used in this paper to measure the inter-provincial pattern of the coupled and coordinated relationship between touristization and urbanization in 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China. The results show that the coupled and coordinated relationship between touristization and urbanization is significantly different in different regions, which presents a gradient decline pattern of the highest in the east, the lower in the middle and the lowest in the west. In the future, measures should be taken to promote the coordinated development between touristization and urbanization in accordance with the regional differences and actual development needs.展开更多
This article measures the development difference in the information and telecommunication industry among provinces in China quantitatively by Gini coefficient.According to the calculation results,the article concludes...This article measures the development difference in the information and telecommunication industry among provinces in China quantitatively by Gini coefficient.According to the calculation results,the article concludes that the development levels are between "highly equal"and "relatively equal".Further more,the research also shows that the difference gap has been narrowing down gradually in recent years.Compared with the inter-provincial economic difference,the difference in the information and telecommunication industry among provinces is small.展开更多
Because of the contradiction between the scale of new energy installations and the continuous load growth in the central and eastern regions of China,the balance problems of the electricity market are becoming increas...Because of the contradiction between the scale of new energy installations and the continuous load growth in the central and eastern regions of China,the balance problems of the electricity market are becoming increasingly prominent,and it is urgent to solve such problems through inter-provincial electricity spot markets.First,the development history and construction status of the inter-provincial electricity spot market are summarized;second,the mechanism design of the inter-provincial electricity spot market is sorted out in terms of the market operation framework,transaction declaration,and clearing methods;subsequently,the evaluation index system of the inter-provincial electricity spot market is constructed,including four themes of electricity mutual aid and support,new energy consumption,economic benefits of market-based allocation,and social benefits of market-based allocation;finally,the operation of the inter-provincial electricity spot market is comprehensively analyzed by the algorithm based on the market operation data of 2022,which proves the feasibility and practicality of the proposed index system.展开更多
In view of the extensive growth of China's steel production in recent years, this paper analyzed the industrial development background and economic geography theory, and discussed the possible spatial interaction ...In view of the extensive growth of China's steel production in recent years, this paper analyzed the industrial development background and economic geography theory, and discussed the possible spatial interaction mechanism. Based on panel data of China's inter-provincial steel output from 2001 to 2015, using spatial econometric model, this paper also explored whether China's provincial steel production shows material orientation, market orientation and traffic orientation, and isolated spatial interactions of interprovincial steel output. The results showed that the inter-provincial steel production in China did show both material orientation, market orientation and traffic orientation and that there was a significant negative spatial interaction, indicating that there might be strong competition and a crowing-out effect between neighboring provinces, and that the smaller the spatial scope, the more significant the spatial interactions of steel production.展开更多
China's food security mainly depends on the core areas of food production.Under the dual constraints of resource scarcity and environmental degradation,improving the grain production efficiency of the main grain-p...China's food security mainly depends on the core areas of food production.Under the dual constraints of resource scarcity and environmental degradation,improving the grain production efficiency of the main grain-producing areas has become the fundamental way to strengthen the grain production capacity and improve the national food security capability,and to improve the efficiency of grain production in major grain-producing areas requires empirical support.This paper used the Super SBM model and the Malmquist index to measure the grain production efficiency of the main grain-producing areas from 2001 to 2020 from both static and dynamic perspectives,and compared the differences in grain production efficiency among different soil types and different provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas.The results showed that from 2001 to 2020,the grain production in the main grain-producing areas was in a relatively ineffective state,and the differences in grain production efficiency among different soil types and different provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas were obvious.The order of grain production efficiency in different soil types was black soil region>red-yellow soil region>paddy soil region>fluvo-aquic soil region,and the order of grain production efficiency of the provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas was Jilin>Heilongjiang>Inner Mongolia>Jiangxi>Hunan>Sichuan>Hubei>Jiangsu>Liaoning>Henan>Anhui>Shandong>Hebei.From 2001 to 2020,the total factor productivity of grain in the main grain-producing areas increased,but due to the trade-off between the technological progress and the growth of technical efficiency,the increase in the total factor productivity of grain in the main grain-producing areas was small,and the growth mainly came from the increase of input factors in this period.The total factor productivity of grain in Hebei,Heilongjiang,Liaoning,Jilin,Inner Mongolia,Shandong,Jiangsu,Henan and Anhui increased,but the increase was small,while the total factor productivity of grain in Jiangxi,Sichuan,Hunan and Hubei provinces declined.展开更多
With today's economic globalization,inter-provincial trade plays an important role in a country's economy.This paper is the first to adopt the input-output tables of 30 Chinese provinces and to summarize the e...With today's economic globalization,inter-provincial trade plays an important role in a country's economy.This paper is the first to adopt the input-output tables of 30 Chinese provinces and to summarize the evolution of China's inter-provincial trade from1987 to 2007.This paper reaches the following conclusions.First,China's inter-provincial trade has sustained a period of rapid growth.In 2007,the total volume of inter-provincial trade was twice the amount of international trade,with the eastern region accounting for the majority of the inter-provincial trade volume.GDP may have a greater effect on interprovincial trade than geographic distance does.Second,inter-provincial trade maintains a high level of concentration and overlaps with the high concentration of GDP.Third,the inter-provincial trade dependence of Chinese provinces tends to increase,an indication of the growing domestic market integration.Moreover,the eastern region's dependence on inter-provincial trade is higher than the central and western regions'.Fourth,the share of inter-provincial trade in the overall external trade of Chinese provinces has a declining tendency,which indicates a slower process of China's domestic market integration compared with international market integration.However,in terms of proportion,the external trade of most Chinese provinces is still dominated by inter-provincial trade.Fifth,most provinces with longstanding inter-provincial trade deficits are in the central and western regions.展开更多
As a social phenomenon closely related to development of economy, the population is always the focis of economists＇ attention. Based on the fifth census in 2001, this paper analyzes labor migration in Hubet Provtnce ...As a social phenomenon closely related to development of economy, the population is always the focis of economists＇ attention. Based on the fifth census in 2001, this paper analyzes labor migration in Hubet Provtnce and establishes an econometric model to analyze the pull according to the push and pull theory,, which is the famous theory on the population flow and migration. It points out that the per capita consumption and the employment rate attract strongly the rural labors and makes a deep exploration into the ensuing problems. Such conclusion is a special reference to the decision-making of government. The government can provide some guidance to the rural labors according to the per capita consumption and the employment rate in order to avoid the futility of blind migration.展开更多
Floating population plays an important role in the development of cities,regions,and countries.The economic growth path with Guangdong characteristics is inseparable from the support of highly educated groups.Studying...Floating population plays an important role in the development of cities,regions,and countries.The economic growth path with Guangdong characteristics is inseparable from the support of highly educated groups.Studying the long-term residence intention of the highly educated floating population is helpful for the city to attract and retain talents.From the perspective of social integration,using CMDS 2017 data and taking Guangdong Province for example,this paper studies the influencing factors of long-term residence intention through SPSS logistic regression,taking intra-provincial and inter-provincial floating population with a bachelor’s degree or above as sample.The main conclusions are:(1)Marital and childbearing status is the primitive influencing factor of long-term residence intention among intra-provincial and inter-provincial floating population.Samples with high income,under social insurance system,being female and having non-agricultural hukou,are tend to prefer long-term residence.Samples who connect with the locals and participate in social public welfare are more likely to stay.(2)Personal age and city livability have a significant positive impact on the long-term residence intention of the inter-provincial highly educated floating population,but agricultural hukou and self-employed laborer status will weaken the long-term residence intention of this group.(3)Participation in townsmen/alumni association has a positive effect on the long-term residence intention of the intra-provincial highly educated floating population,and connection with outlanders also promotes the long-term residence intention of this group.(4)The long-term residence intention of inter-provincial highly educated floating population is usually based on reality,therefore they pay more attention to the development,changes,and livability of the destination city.However,the long-term residence intention of intra-provincial highly educated floating population is usually based on perception,so they pay more attention to whether they like the city.Compared with intra-provincial flows,inter-provincial flows have higher economic and emotional migration costs,more institutional barriers,and more life adaptation problems.Therefore,the government should introduce targeted measures to promote social integration and improve long-term residence intention.展开更多
Multi-firmware comparison techniques can improve efficiency when auditing firmwares in bulk.How-ever,the problem of matching functions between multiple firmwares has not been studied before.This paper proposes a multi...Multi-firmware comparison techniques can improve efficiency when auditing firmwares in bulk.How-ever,the problem of matching functions between multiple firmwares has not been studied before.This paper proposes a multi-firmware comparison method based on evolutionary algorithms and trusted base points.We first model the multi-firmware comparison as a multi-sequence matching problem.Then,we propose an adaptation function and a population generation method based on trusted base points.Finally,we apply an evolutionary algorithm to find the optimal result.At the same time,we design the similarity of matching results as an evaluation metric to measure the effect of multi-firmware comparison.The experiments show that the proposed method outperforms Bindiff and the string-based method.Precisely,the similarity between the matching results of the proposed method and Bindiff matching results is 61%,and the similarity between the matching results of the proposed method and the string-based method is 62.8%.By sampling and manual verification,the accuracy of the matching results of the proposed method can be about 66.4%.展开更多
Intelligent Automation&Soft Computing has retracted the article titled“Line Trace Effective Comparison AlgorithmBased onWavelet Domain DTW”[1],Intell Automat Soft Comput.2019;25(2):359–366 at the request of the...Intelligent Automation&Soft Computing has retracted the article titled“Line Trace Effective Comparison AlgorithmBased onWavelet Domain DTW”[1],Intell Automat Soft Comput.2019;25(2):359–366 at the request of the authors.DOI:10.31209/2019.100000097 URL:https://www.techscience.com/iasc/v25n2/39663 The article duplicates significant parts of a paper published in Journal of Intelligent&Fuzzy Systems[2].展开更多
Previous bidirectional quantum private comparison(BQPC)protocols cannot meet the requirements in some special application scenarios,where only one party needs to obtain the comparison results without a third party(TP)...Previous bidirectional quantum private comparison(BQPC)protocols cannot meet the requirements in some special application scenarios,where only one party needs to obtain the comparison results without a third party(TP),such as scenarios for authority surveys or healthcare data sharing.In addition to this,the BQPC protocol has the potential of information leakage in multiple comparisons.Therefore,we design a new unidirectional quantum private comparison(UQPC)protocol based on quantum private query(QPQ)protocols with ideal database security and zero failure probability(IDS-ZF),for the reason that they have excellent unidirectionality and security.Concretely,we design a UQPC protocol based on Wei et al.’s work[IEEE Transactions on Computers 672(2017)]and it includes an authentication process to increase the resistance to outside attacks.Moreover,we generalize the protocol and propose a general model that can transform a QPQ protocol with or without the IDS-ZF property into a secure UQPC protocol.Finally,our study shows that protocols using our model are secure,practical,and have the IDS-ZF property.展开更多
Given that the citrus psyllid is the primary vector of citrus Huanglongbing(HLB),there is an urgent need to control this pest to mitigate the spread of the disease.This paper reviews the current research on two predom...Given that the citrus psyllid is the primary vector of citrus Huanglongbing(HLB),there is an urgent need to control this pest to mitigate the spread of the disease.This paper reviews the current research on two predominant control strategies:chemical control and biological control agents,in managing the citrus psyllid.It emphasizes the mechanisms of action,efficacy,and application advancements of these control methods.Finally,the paper analyzes the principal challenges associated with the sustainable management of citrus psyllids and offers perspectives for future research.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an essential diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for pancreatobiliary disorders.However,few large-scale studies from South Asia have examined long-ter...BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an essential diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for pancreatobiliary disorders.However,few large-scale studies from South Asia have examined long-term ERCP outcomes,particularly using established quality benchmarks.AIM To evaluate ERCP indications,success rates,complications,and quality performance at a high-volume tertiary care center in Pakistan over a 17-year period.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed 13215 ERCP procedures performed between 2006 and 2023.Data included demographics,indications,cannulation rates,complications,and pediatric cases.Findings were assessed against American Society of Gastroenterology/European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy quality indicators.RESULTS Biliary ERCP accounted for 93.1%of procedures;choledocholithiasis was the most common indication(40%).Cannulation success was 93.9%for biliary and 94.2%for pancreatic ERCP.Pediatric ERCP comprised 4%of cases,mostly for stones and chronic pancreatitis.Bleeding(1.7%)and post-ERCP pancreatitis(2.3%)were the most frequent complications.Performance met or exceeded most American Society of Benchmarks.CONCLUSION This study offers insight into nearly two decades of ERCP practice within a public sector hospital.Our experience echoes the quality and efficiency of ERCP not previously available in Pakistan.As healthcare systems in resourcelimited sectors expand,our findings serve as a reference point.Continued training and quality improvement studies can further enhance ERCP effectiveness in the region and beyond.展开更多
The NEutron Detector Array(NEDA)is designed to be coupled to gamma-ray spectrometers to enhance the sensitivity of the setup by enabling reaction channel selection through counting of the evaporated neutrons.This arti...The NEutron Detector Array(NEDA)is designed to be coupled to gamma-ray spectrometers to enhance the sensitivity of the setup by enabling reaction channel selection through counting of the evaporated neutrons.This article presents the implementation of a double trigger condition system for NEDA,which improves the acquisition of neutrons and reduces the number of gamma rays acquired.Two independent triggers are generated in the double trigger condition system:one based on charge comparison(CC)and the other on time-of-flight(TOF).These triggers can be combined using OR and AND logic,offering four distinct trigger modes.The developed firmware is added to the previous one in the Virtex 6 field programmable gate array(FPGA)present in the system,which also includes signal processing,baseline correction,and various trigger logic blocks.The performance of the trigger system is evaluated using data from the E703 experiment performed at GANIL.The four trigger modes are applied to the same data,and a subsequent offline analysis is performed.It is shown that most of the detected neutrons are preserved with the AND mode,and the total number of gamma rays is significantly reduced.Compared with the CC trigger mode,the OR trigger mode allows increasing the selection of neutrons.In addition,it is demonstrated that if the OR mode is selected,the online CC trigger threshold can be raised without losing neutrons.展开更多
Tailings produced by mining and ore smelting are a major source of soil pollution.Understanding the speciation of heavy metals(HMs)in tailings is essential for soil remediation and sustainable development.Given the co...Tailings produced by mining and ore smelting are a major source of soil pollution.Understanding the speciation of heavy metals(HMs)in tailings is essential for soil remediation and sustainable development.Given the complex and time-consuming nature of traditional sequential laboratory extraction methods for determining the forms of HMs in tailings,a rapid and precise identification approach is urgently required.To address this issue,a general empirical prediction method for HM occurrence was developed using machine learning(ML).The compositional information of the tailings,properties of the HMs,and sequential extraction steps were used as inputs to calculate the percentages of the seven forms of HMs.After the models were tuned and compared,extreme gradient boosting,gradient boosting decision tree,and categorical boosting methods were found to be the top three performing ML models,with the coefficient of determination(R^(2))values on the testing set exceeding 0.859.Feature importance analysis for these three optimal models indicated that electronegativity was the most important factor affecting the occurrence of HMs,with an average feature importance of 0.4522.The subsequent use of stacking as a model integration method enabled the ability of the ML models to predict HM occurrence forms to be further improved,and resulting in an increase of R^(2) to 0.879.Overall,this study developed a robust technique for predicting the occurrence forms in tailings and provides an important reference for the environmental assessment and recycling of tailings.展开更多
Driven by rapid technological advancements and economic growth,mineral extraction and metal refining have increased dramatically,generating huge volumes of tailings and mine waste(TMWs).Investigating the morphological...Driven by rapid technological advancements and economic growth,mineral extraction and metal refining have increased dramatically,generating huge volumes of tailings and mine waste(TMWs).Investigating the morphological fractions of heavy metals and metalloids(HMMs)in TMWs is key to evaluating their leaching potential into the environment;however,traditional experiments are time-consuming and labor-intensive.In this study,10 machine learning(ML)algorithms were used and compared for rapidly predicting the morphological fractions of HMMs in TMWs.A dataset comprising 2376 data points was used,with mineral composition,elemental properties,and total concentration used as inputs and concentration of morphological fraction used as output.After grid search optimization,the extra tree model performed the best,achieving coefficient of determination(R2)of 0.946 and 0.942 on the validation and test sets,respectively.Electronegativity was found to have the greatest impact on the morphological fraction.The models’performance was enhanced by applying an ensemble method to the top three optimal ML models,including gradient boosting decision tree,extra trees and categorical boosting.Overall,the proposed framework can accurately predict the concentrations of different morphological fractions of HMMs in TMWs.This approach can minimize detection time,aid in the safe management and recovery of TMWs.展开更多
To address the installation challenges of a 2-m ring Gregorian telescope system,and similar optical systems with a small width-to-radius ratio,we propose a detection method combining local interferometry with a compar...To address the installation challenges of a 2-m ring Gregorian telescope system,and similar optical systems with a small width-to-radius ratio,we propose a detection method combining local interferometry with a comparison model.This method enhances the precision of system calibration by establishing a dataset that delineates the relationship between secondary mirror misalignment and wavefront aberration,subsequently inferring the misalignment from interferometric detection results during the calibration process.For the 2-m ring telescope,we develop a detection model using five local sub-apertures,enabling a root-mean-square detection accuracy of 0:0225λ(λ=632:8 nm)for full-aperture wavefront aberration.The calibration results for the 2-m Ring Solar Telescope system indicate that the root-mean-square value of sub-aperture wavefront aberration reaches 0.104λ,and the root-mean-square value of spliced full-aperture measurement yields reaches 0.112λ.This method offers a novel approach for calibrating small width-toradius ratio telescope systems and can be applied to the calibration of other irregular-aperture optical systems.展开更多
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant U2442214)the China Meteorological Administration Youth Innovation Team(Grant No.CMA2024QN10)+1 种基金the National Defense Science and Technology Bureau’s 14th Five-Year Civil Aerospace Preresearch Project(Grant Nos.D030303 and D040204)the International Space Water Cycle Observation Constellation Program(Grant No.183311KYSB20200015).
文摘China launched its first spaceborne Precipitation Measurement Radar(PMR)on the FY-3G satellite in April 2023.To achieve the scientific goal of measuring the three-dimensional precipitation structure,evaluating the quantitative measurement ability of the PMR is critical.China operates more than 250 weather radars over the mainland.Consistency of the spaceborne radar with ground-based radars will enhance precipitation measurement ability,especially over oceans and mountains where observations are sparse.Additionally,the spaceborne radar can be used to evaluate the spatial and temporal homogeneity of the ground-based radar network.This paper focuses on comparing the PMR onboard the FY-3G satellite with S-band China New Generation Weather Radars(CINRADs).A comparison algorithm between the PMR and CINRADs has been developed,incorporating detailed quality control,attenuation correction,data optimization,spatiotemporal matching,non-uniform beam filling constraint,uniformity constraint,and frequency correction.The matched data in typical months of four seasons were selected to carry out the comparison.The data consistency between the PMR and CINRADs was analyzed.The correlation coefficient is 0.87,the deviation is 0.89 dB,and the standard deviation is 2.50 dB,based on 98226 matching samples.The results show the radar reflectivity of the PMR is quite comparable to that of the CINRADs,demonstrating that the PMR data quality is satisfactory and can be used to verify and correct data consistency among multiple ground-based radars.This work also paves the way for data fusion and joint application of satellite and ground radars in the future.
基金National Program on Key Basic Research Project(No.2015CB452706)
文摘Since the early 1980 s, the multi-cropping index for rice has decreased significantly in main double-cropping rice area in China, which is the primary double-cropping rice(DCR) production area. This decline may bring challenges to food security in China because rice is the staple food for more than 60% of the Chinese population. It has been generally recognized that rapidly rising labor costs due to economic growth and urbanization in China is the key driving force of the ‘double-to-single' rice cropping system adaption. However, not all provinces have shown a dramatic decline in DCR area, and labor costs alone cannot explain this difference. To elucidate the reasons for these inter-provincial distinctions and the dynamics of rice cropping system adaption, we evaluated the influencing factors using provincial panel data from 1980 to 2015. We also used household survey data for empirical analysis to explore the mechanisms driving differences in rice multi-cropping changes. Our results indicated that the eight provinces in the study can be divided into three spatial groups based on the extent of DCR area decline, the rapidly-declining marginal, core, and stable zones. Increasing labor cost due to rapid urbanization was the key driving force of rice cropping system adaption, but the land use dynamic vary hugely among different provinces. These differences between zones were due to the interaction between labor price and accumulated temperature conditions. Therefore, increasing labor costs had the greatest impact in Zhejiang, Anhui, and Hubei, where the accumulated temperature is relatively low and rice multi-cropping index declined dramaticly. However, labor costs had little impact in Guangdong and Guangxi. Differences in accumulated temperature conditions resulted in spatially different labor demands and pressure on households during the busy season. As a result, there have been different profits and rice multi-cropping changes between provinces and zones. Because of these spatial differences, regionally appropriate policies that provide appropriate subsidies for early rice in rapidly-declining marginal zone such as Zhejiang and Hubei should be implemented. In addition, agricultural mechanization and the number of agricultural workers have facilitated double-cropping; therefore, small machinery and agricultural infrastructure construction should be further supported.
基金supported by Sichuan University[grant number skzx2016-sb72]
文摘Old-age pension, a fundamental part of the Chinese social security system, is perceived by the Chinese government as the last support for rural-to-urban migrant workers upon retreating from the labor market. Using survey data collected by the authors, this paper examines a host of factors which influence migrant workers' participation in the old-age scheme. The result shows that individual characteristics, employment status, attitudes toward old-age support and perception of the old-age pension system significantly differentiate two groups of migrant workers between those that have participated in and their counterparts who have not participated in the old-age pension schemes. Among a number of factors, age, educational attainment, holding labor contract, etc. are found to be significant factors influencing migrants' behavior participating(or not participating) the available age-pension schemes. Policy implications for how to improve the rate of participation in existing old-age pension schemes among migrant workers are drawn from the findings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41471131)the Training Program for 100 Young Academic Leaders of Nankai University
文摘The coordinated development between touristization and urbanization is the key to optimizing regional industrial structure and building a long-term dynamic mechanism for urbanization. Based on constructing the measurement index system of touristization and urbanization level, the evaluation model on the coupled and coordinated degree is used in this paper to measure the inter-provincial pattern of the coupled and coordinated relationship between touristization and urbanization in 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China. The results show that the coupled and coordinated relationship between touristization and urbanization is significantly different in different regions, which presents a gradient decline pattern of the highest in the east, the lower in the middle and the lowest in the west. In the future, measures should be taken to promote the coordinated development between touristization and urbanization in accordance with the regional differences and actual development needs.
文摘This article measures the development difference in the information and telecommunication industry among provinces in China quantitatively by Gini coefficient.According to the calculation results,the article concludes that the development levels are between "highly equal"and "relatively equal".Further more,the research also shows that the difference gap has been narrowing down gradually in recent years.Compared with the inter-provincial economic difference,the difference in the information and telecommunication industry among provinces is small.
基金State Grid Jibei Electric Power Company Limited(no.SGJBJY00GPJS2310051)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(no.9242015).
文摘Because of the contradiction between the scale of new energy installations and the continuous load growth in the central and eastern regions of China,the balance problems of the electricity market are becoming increasingly prominent,and it is urgent to solve such problems through inter-provincial electricity spot markets.First,the development history and construction status of the inter-provincial electricity spot market are summarized;second,the mechanism design of the inter-provincial electricity spot market is sorted out in terms of the market operation framework,transaction declaration,and clearing methods;subsequently,the evaluation index system of the inter-provincial electricity spot market is constructed,including four themes of electricity mutual aid and support,new energy consumption,economic benefits of market-based allocation,and social benefits of market-based allocation;finally,the operation of the inter-provincial electricity spot market is comprehensively analyzed by the algorithm based on the market operation data of 2022,which proves the feasibility and practicality of the proposed index system.
文摘In view of the extensive growth of China's steel production in recent years, this paper analyzed the industrial development background and economic geography theory, and discussed the possible spatial interaction mechanism. Based on panel data of China's inter-provincial steel output from 2001 to 2015, using spatial econometric model, this paper also explored whether China's provincial steel production shows material orientation, market orientation and traffic orientation, and isolated spatial interactions of interprovincial steel output. The results showed that the inter-provincial steel production in China did show both material orientation, market orientation and traffic orientation and that there was a significant negative spatial interaction, indicating that there might be strong competition and a crowing-out effect between neighboring provinces, and that the smaller the spatial scope, the more significant the spatial interactions of steel production.
基金Supported by Science of China University Journals(CUJS2021-027)China Agricultural Journals Website 2021(CAJW2021-033)。
文摘China's food security mainly depends on the core areas of food production.Under the dual constraints of resource scarcity and environmental degradation,improving the grain production efficiency of the main grain-producing areas has become the fundamental way to strengthen the grain production capacity and improve the national food security capability,and to improve the efficiency of grain production in major grain-producing areas requires empirical support.This paper used the Super SBM model and the Malmquist index to measure the grain production efficiency of the main grain-producing areas from 2001 to 2020 from both static and dynamic perspectives,and compared the differences in grain production efficiency among different soil types and different provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas.The results showed that from 2001 to 2020,the grain production in the main grain-producing areas was in a relatively ineffective state,and the differences in grain production efficiency among different soil types and different provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas were obvious.The order of grain production efficiency in different soil types was black soil region>red-yellow soil region>paddy soil region>fluvo-aquic soil region,and the order of grain production efficiency of the provinces(autonomous regions)in the main grain-producing areas was Jilin>Heilongjiang>Inner Mongolia>Jiangxi>Hunan>Sichuan>Hubei>Jiangsu>Liaoning>Henan>Anhui>Shandong>Hebei.From 2001 to 2020,the total factor productivity of grain in the main grain-producing areas increased,but due to the trade-off between the technological progress and the growth of technical efficiency,the increase in the total factor productivity of grain in the main grain-producing areas was small,and the growth mainly came from the increase of input factors in this period.The total factor productivity of grain in Hebei,Heilongjiang,Liaoning,Jilin,Inner Mongolia,Shandong,Jiangsu,Henan and Anhui increased,but the increase was small,while the total factor productivity of grain in Jiangxi,Sichuan,Hunan and Hubei provinces declined.
基金National Social Science Foundation for the Youth Scholars of China:The Internal Origins of Chinese External Imbalances(Grant No.12 CJL055)Educational Development Foundation of Department of International Economic and Trade,Xiamen University:Research on the Effect of Outsourcing on China's Economy(Grant No.201112111)Humanities and Social Science Project for the Youth Scholars of the Ministry of Education:Research on China's Current Account Adjustment Mode Under the Public Finance(Grant No.11YJC790281)
文摘With today's economic globalization,inter-provincial trade plays an important role in a country's economy.This paper is the first to adopt the input-output tables of 30 Chinese provinces and to summarize the evolution of China's inter-provincial trade from1987 to 2007.This paper reaches the following conclusions.First,China's inter-provincial trade has sustained a period of rapid growth.In 2007,the total volume of inter-provincial trade was twice the amount of international trade,with the eastern region accounting for the majority of the inter-provincial trade volume.GDP may have a greater effect on interprovincial trade than geographic distance does.Second,inter-provincial trade maintains a high level of concentration and overlaps with the high concentration of GDP.Third,the inter-provincial trade dependence of Chinese provinces tends to increase,an indication of the growing domestic market integration.Moreover,the eastern region's dependence on inter-provincial trade is higher than the central and western regions'.Fourth,the share of inter-provincial trade in the overall external trade of Chinese provinces has a declining tendency,which indicates a slower process of China's domestic market integration compared with international market integration.However,in terms of proportion,the external trade of most Chinese provinces is still dominated by inter-provincial trade.Fifth,most provinces with longstanding inter-provincial trade deficits are in the central and western regions.
文摘As a social phenomenon closely related to development of economy, the population is always the focis of economists＇ attention. Based on the fifth census in 2001, this paper analyzes labor migration in Hubet Provtnce and establishes an econometric model to analyze the pull according to the push and pull theory,, which is the famous theory on the population flow and migration. It points out that the per capita consumption and the employment rate attract strongly the rural labors and makes a deep exploration into the ensuing problems. Such conclusion is a special reference to the decision-making of government. The government can provide some guidance to the rural labors according to the per capita consumption and the employment rate in order to avoid the futility of blind migration.
文摘Floating population plays an important role in the development of cities,regions,and countries.The economic growth path with Guangdong characteristics is inseparable from the support of highly educated groups.Studying the long-term residence intention of the highly educated floating population is helpful for the city to attract and retain talents.From the perspective of social integration,using CMDS 2017 data and taking Guangdong Province for example,this paper studies the influencing factors of long-term residence intention through SPSS logistic regression,taking intra-provincial and inter-provincial floating population with a bachelor’s degree or above as sample.The main conclusions are:(1)Marital and childbearing status is the primitive influencing factor of long-term residence intention among intra-provincial and inter-provincial floating population.Samples with high income,under social insurance system,being female and having non-agricultural hukou,are tend to prefer long-term residence.Samples who connect with the locals and participate in social public welfare are more likely to stay.(2)Personal age and city livability have a significant positive impact on the long-term residence intention of the inter-provincial highly educated floating population,but agricultural hukou and self-employed laborer status will weaken the long-term residence intention of this group.(3)Participation in townsmen/alumni association has a positive effect on the long-term residence intention of the intra-provincial highly educated floating population,and connection with outlanders also promotes the long-term residence intention of this group.(4)The long-term residence intention of inter-provincial highly educated floating population is usually based on reality,therefore they pay more attention to the development,changes,and livability of the destination city.However,the long-term residence intention of intra-provincial highly educated floating population is usually based on perception,so they pay more attention to whether they like the city.Compared with intra-provincial flows,inter-provincial flows have higher economic and emotional migration costs,more institutional barriers,and more life adaptation problems.Therefore,the government should introduce targeted measures to promote social integration and improve long-term residence intention.
文摘Multi-firmware comparison techniques can improve efficiency when auditing firmwares in bulk.How-ever,the problem of matching functions between multiple firmwares has not been studied before.This paper proposes a multi-firmware comparison method based on evolutionary algorithms and trusted base points.We first model the multi-firmware comparison as a multi-sequence matching problem.Then,we propose an adaptation function and a population generation method based on trusted base points.Finally,we apply an evolutionary algorithm to find the optimal result.At the same time,we design the similarity of matching results as an evaluation metric to measure the effect of multi-firmware comparison.The experiments show that the proposed method outperforms Bindiff and the string-based method.Precisely,the similarity between the matching results of the proposed method and Bindiff matching results is 61%,and the similarity between the matching results of the proposed method and the string-based method is 62.8%.By sampling and manual verification,the accuracy of the matching results of the proposed method can be about 66.4%.
文摘Intelligent Automation&Soft Computing has retracted the article titled“Line Trace Effective Comparison AlgorithmBased onWavelet Domain DTW”[1],Intell Automat Soft Comput.2019;25(2):359–366 at the request of the authors.DOI:10.31209/2019.100000097 URL:https://www.techscience.com/iasc/v25n2/39663 The article duplicates significant parts of a paper published in Journal of Intelligent&Fuzzy Systems[2].
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFB2906504 and 2024YFB2906500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62401067 and 62272051)the 111 Project(Grant No.B21049).
文摘Previous bidirectional quantum private comparison(BQPC)protocols cannot meet the requirements in some special application scenarios,where only one party needs to obtain the comparison results without a third party(TP),such as scenarios for authority surveys or healthcare data sharing.In addition to this,the BQPC protocol has the potential of information leakage in multiple comparisons.Therefore,we design a new unidirectional quantum private comparison(UQPC)protocol based on quantum private query(QPQ)protocols with ideal database security and zero failure probability(IDS-ZF),for the reason that they have excellent unidirectionality and security.Concretely,we design a UQPC protocol based on Wei et al.’s work[IEEE Transactions on Computers 672(2017)]and it includes an authentication process to increase the resistance to outside attacks.Moreover,we generalize the protocol and propose a general model that can transform a QPQ protocol with or without the IDS-ZF property into a secure UQPC protocol.Finally,our study shows that protocols using our model are secure,practical,and have the IDS-ZF property.
基金Supported by National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(202510580009)Special Project for Promoting the Coordinated Development of Urban and Rural Areas and Regions by Introducing Scientific and Technological Achievements of Guangdong Province into Counties and Towns(2025B0202010051)Project of High-quality Development in Hundred Counties,Thousands Towns and Ten Thousand Villages of Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology:Key Dispatch Project for Rural Science and Technology Commissioners(KTP20240704).
文摘Given that the citrus psyllid is the primary vector of citrus Huanglongbing(HLB),there is an urgent need to control this pest to mitigate the spread of the disease.This paper reviews the current research on two predominant control strategies:chemical control and biological control agents,in managing the citrus psyllid.It emphasizes the mechanisms of action,efficacy,and application advancements of these control methods.Finally,the paper analyzes the principal challenges associated with the sustainable management of citrus psyllids and offers perspectives for future research.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is an essential diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for pancreatobiliary disorders.However,few large-scale studies from South Asia have examined long-term ERCP outcomes,particularly using established quality benchmarks.AIM To evaluate ERCP indications,success rates,complications,and quality performance at a high-volume tertiary care center in Pakistan over a 17-year period.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed 13215 ERCP procedures performed between 2006 and 2023.Data included demographics,indications,cannulation rates,complications,and pediatric cases.Findings were assessed against American Society of Gastroenterology/European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy quality indicators.RESULTS Biliary ERCP accounted for 93.1%of procedures;choledocholithiasis was the most common indication(40%).Cannulation success was 93.9%for biliary and 94.2%for pancreatic ERCP.Pediatric ERCP comprised 4%of cases,mostly for stones and chronic pancreatitis.Bleeding(1.7%)and post-ERCP pancreatitis(2.3%)were the most frequent complications.Performance met or exceeded most American Society of Benchmarks.CONCLUSION This study offers insight into nearly two decades of ERCP practice within a public sector hospital.Our experience echoes the quality and efficiency of ERCP not previously available in Pakistan.As healthcare systems in resourcelimited sectors expand,our findings serve as a reference point.Continued training and quality improvement studies can further enhance ERCP effectiveness in the region and beyond.
基金supported by MICIU MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033Spain with Grant PID2020-118265GB-C42,-C44,PRTR-C17.I01Generalitat Valenciana,Spain with Grant CIPROM/2022/54,ASFAE/2022/031,CIAPOS/2021/114 and by the EU NextGenerationEU,ESF funds.This work was also supported by the National Science Centre(NCN),Poland(Grant No.2020/39/D/ST2/00466).
文摘The NEutron Detector Array(NEDA)is designed to be coupled to gamma-ray spectrometers to enhance the sensitivity of the setup by enabling reaction channel selection through counting of the evaporated neutrons.This article presents the implementation of a double trigger condition system for NEDA,which improves the acquisition of neutrons and reduces the number of gamma rays acquired.Two independent triggers are generated in the double trigger condition system:one based on charge comparison(CC)and the other on time-of-flight(TOF).These triggers can be combined using OR and AND logic,offering four distinct trigger modes.The developed firmware is added to the previous one in the Virtex 6 field programmable gate array(FPGA)present in the system,which also includes signal processing,baseline correction,and various trigger logic blocks.The performance of the trigger system is evaluated using data from the E703 experiment performed at GANIL.The four trigger modes are applied to the same data,and a subsequent offline analysis is performed.It is shown that most of the detected neutrons are preserved with the AND mode,and the total number of gamma rays is significantly reduced.Compared with the CC trigger mode,the OR trigger mode allows increasing the selection of neutrons.In addition,it is demonstrated that if the OR mode is selected,the online CC trigger threshold can be raised without losing neutrons.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2024JJ2074)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22376221)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,China(No.2023QNRC001).
文摘Tailings produced by mining and ore smelting are a major source of soil pollution.Understanding the speciation of heavy metals(HMs)in tailings is essential for soil remediation and sustainable development.Given the complex and time-consuming nature of traditional sequential laboratory extraction methods for determining the forms of HMs in tailings,a rapid and precise identification approach is urgently required.To address this issue,a general empirical prediction method for HM occurrence was developed using machine learning(ML).The compositional information of the tailings,properties of the HMs,and sequential extraction steps were used as inputs to calculate the percentages of the seven forms of HMs.After the models were tuned and compared,extreme gradient boosting,gradient boosting decision tree,and categorical boosting methods were found to be the top three performing ML models,with the coefficient of determination(R^(2))values on the testing set exceeding 0.859.Feature importance analysis for these three optimal models indicated that electronegativity was the most important factor affecting the occurrence of HMs,with an average feature importance of 0.4522.The subsequent use of stacking as a model integration method enabled the ability of the ML models to predict HM occurrence forms to be further improved,and resulting in an increase of R^(2) to 0.879.Overall,this study developed a robust technique for predicting the occurrence forms in tailings and provides an important reference for the environmental assessment and recycling of tailings.
基金Project(2024JJ2074) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(22376221) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023QNRC001) supported by the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,China。
文摘Driven by rapid technological advancements and economic growth,mineral extraction and metal refining have increased dramatically,generating huge volumes of tailings and mine waste(TMWs).Investigating the morphological fractions of heavy metals and metalloids(HMMs)in TMWs is key to evaluating their leaching potential into the environment;however,traditional experiments are time-consuming and labor-intensive.In this study,10 machine learning(ML)algorithms were used and compared for rapidly predicting the morphological fractions of HMMs in TMWs.A dataset comprising 2376 data points was used,with mineral composition,elemental properties,and total concentration used as inputs and concentration of morphological fraction used as output.After grid search optimization,the extra tree model performed the best,achieving coefficient of determination(R2)of 0.946 and 0.942 on the validation and test sets,respectively.Electronegativity was found to have the greatest impact on the morphological fraction.The models’performance was enhanced by applying an ensemble method to the top three optimal ML models,including gradient boosting decision tree,extra trees and categorical boosting.Overall,the proposed framework can accurately predict the concentrations of different morphological fractions of HMMs in TMWs.This approach can minimize detection time,aid in the safe management and recovery of TMWs.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(BE2022072)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12141304)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20231134).
文摘To address the installation challenges of a 2-m ring Gregorian telescope system,and similar optical systems with a small width-to-radius ratio,we propose a detection method combining local interferometry with a comparison model.This method enhances the precision of system calibration by establishing a dataset that delineates the relationship between secondary mirror misalignment and wavefront aberration,subsequently inferring the misalignment from interferometric detection results during the calibration process.For the 2-m ring telescope,we develop a detection model using five local sub-apertures,enabling a root-mean-square detection accuracy of 0:0225λ(λ=632:8 nm)for full-aperture wavefront aberration.The calibration results for the 2-m Ring Solar Telescope system indicate that the root-mean-square value of sub-aperture wavefront aberration reaches 0.104λ,and the root-mean-square value of spliced full-aperture measurement yields reaches 0.112λ.This method offers a novel approach for calibrating small width-toradius ratio telescope systems and can be applied to the calibration of other irregular-aperture optical systems.
