During the final of the International Standardization Youth Star Competition 2025,China Standardization interviewed several teams.In these young students,we see stories of their exploration,perseverance and dreams.The...During the final of the International Standardization Youth Star Competition 2025,China Standardization interviewed several teams.In these young students,we see stories of their exploration,perseverance and dreams.The competition has come to an end,but the real journey has just begun:How will this experience change their future pursuit?展开更多
The final and award ceremony of the International Standardization Youth Star Competition 2025 were held in Qingdao on November 22-23.The competition attracted 236 teams nationwide who demonstrated great enthusiasm for...The final and award ceremony of the International Standardization Youth Star Competition 2025 were held in Qingdao on November 22-23.The competition attracted 236 teams nationwide who demonstrated great enthusiasm for participating in the standardization undertaking.The competition followed the mode of“the industry puts forward questions,and the academia provides solutions”.Shandong Port Group Co.,Ltd.,Contemporary Amperex Technology Co.,Ltd.(CATL),Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.,and Beijing Zhongbiaolvjian Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.set up themed tracks respectively,and competitors developed standard proposals for the corresponding themes.展开更多
During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their el...During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or strengthening.We have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse consolidation.The purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this process.In particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental competition.The dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific endings.We describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon terminals.The downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary synapses.Finally,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to reduce transmitter release and promote withdrawal of the most unfavorable nerve terminals during elimination(the weakest in acetylcholine release and those that have already become silent).The main findings contribute to a better understanding of punishment-rewarding interactions between nerve endings during development.Identifying the molecular targets and signaling pathways that allow synapse consolidation or withdrawal of synapses in different situations is important for potential therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
An orderly competition mechanism is used to change unexpected competition into predictable competition so as to reduce access collision during access process.The scheme is realized by learning,queuing,and accessing.Qu...An orderly competition mechanism is used to change unexpected competition into predictable competition so as to reduce access collision during access process.The scheme is realized by learning,queuing,and accessing.Queuing is the key step to reduce random and realize orderly competition.Related parameters leading to access random including the arrival rate,the delay requirements,the number of devices,and so on,are defined as queue factors in this paper.The queue factors are obtained from the improved double deep Q network(DDQN)algorithm which is proposed here by setting asynchronous weights of two target networks.By learning,the queue factors will guide the devices with diverse delay requirements to queue.Then the queued devices start the access process according to their learning optimal access slot and preamble.Different from traditional competition solutions,markov decision process of the orderly competition mechanism has only two states,which remarkably cuts down the back-off rate and reduces the access delay.The simulation results show that the access success rate of this method can be close to 100%before the system capacity approaches the maximum value.展开更多
Brain size varies dramatically across populations and species in anuran species.The differences in structure,function,or size of brains are linked to processing specific cognitive tasks by different behaviors.In parti...Brain size varies dramatically across populations and species in anuran species.The differences in structure,function,or size of brains are linked to processing specific cognitive tasks by different behaviors.In particular,the causes of how male-male competition promotes the increased cognitive abilities to increase brains are as yet unexplored in anurans.To evaluate the effect of male-male competition on variation in brain size in B.andrewsi,we compared the differences in relative brain size between mated males and unpaired males under natural and experimental conditions.We found that mated males had relatively larger brains than unpaired males in a natural population when controlling the effect of body size.Likewise,we also found that there were larger brains in mated males than in unpaired males in both experiment 1 where two males competed for a female and experiment 2 where three males competed for a female,suggesting that males with mating success during male-male competition possess increased brain size and cognitive abilities.When we compared difference in relative brain size in mated males between experiment2 and experiment 1 we found that males experiencing more intense competition did not display larger brains than males experiencing relatively weak competition,suggesting that low intensity competition is already enough to trigger the increase in relative brain size in B.andrewsi.展开更多
Droughts have caused tree growth decline and high tree mortality across temperate forests,however,how to manage planted forests to alleviate drought stress is still challenging.We used tree-ring and forest inventory d...Droughts have caused tree growth decline and high tree mortality across temperate forests,however,how to manage planted forests to alleviate drought stress is still challenging.We used tree-ring and forest inventory data from different density stands to investigate how competition,tree diameter at breast height(DBH),tree age,and their interactions influence drought sensitivity and resistance for three widely-distributed and planted conifer species(Larix principis-rupprechtii,Picea meyeri,and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica).Our results showed that the drought sensitivity of the three species was influenced by competition,tree size,and their interactions.Large L.principis-rupprechtii trees were particularly sensitive to drought during the growing season in medium to high-density stands,while the growth of large P.sylvestris var.mongolica was most affected by precipitation at low to medium density stands.Drought resistance of L.principis-rupprechtii trees decreased as tree size increased.Large L.principis-rupprechtii trees had lower drought resistance than small trees in all stands.Drought resistance of large P.meyeri trees exhibited high resistance to drought only in high-density stands.However,drought resistance of P.sylvestris var.mongolica trees was affected by tree size,competition,and their interactions.These results indicated that targeted silvicultural interventions,such as thinning,can be implemented to enhance drought resistance specifically for large L.principis-rupprechtii trees and small P.sylvestris var.mongolica trees in medium and high competition stands,and small P.meyeri trees in high competition stands.Our results highlight that properly conducted thinning can in some cases enhance growth resistance to droughts,depending on stand density,tree size,and tree species.展开更多
Electroactive microorganisms are integral to biogeochemical cycles through extracellular electron transfer and have potential applications in environmental remediation.However,their long-term competitive interactions ...Electroactive microorganisms are integral to biogeochemical cycles through extracellular electron transfer and have potential applications in environmental remediation.However,their long-term competitive interactions and evolutionary dynamics with non-electroactive microorganisms remain poorly understood.In this study,we conducted a 320-day cultivation experiment in which monocultures of the electroactive Shewanella oneidensis MR-1,the non-electroactive Citrobacter freundii An1,and their cocultures were compared under three single electron acceptor conditions:anaerobic(no exogenous electron acceptor),ferrihydrite,or oxygen.After 320 d,S.oneidensis MR-1 presented the highest relative abundance of 30.94%±0.74%in the ferrihydrite cocultures.S.oneidensis MR-1 maintained ferrihydrite reduction capacity after cultivation under all three conditions,indicating the long-term stability of its extracellular electron transfer.Moreover,no other phenotypic evolution was observed in S.oneidensis MR-1 after ferrihydrite or anaerobic cultivation.In contrast,both monocultured and cocultured S.oneidensis MR-1 exhibited enhanced adaptation to oxygen,characterized by increased growth rates,metabolic activity,and reduced cell aggregation.Notably,substrate consumption increased in monocultures but decreased in cocultures,suggesting an optimization of metabolic efficiency in the latter.Genome sequencing revealed mutations in genes associated with cell division,adenosine triphosphate synthesis,lactate metabolism,and flagellar/pilus expression in S.oneidensis MR-1.Interestingly,the ferrihydrite-adapted groups also exhibited enhanced adaptation to oxygen.83.96%of mutations were shared across all culture systems and enriched in environmental signal-sensing pathways,indicating that parallel genomic evolution facilitated cross-environmental adaptation.Our findings reveal the ecological evolution of electroactive microorganisms in diverse redox environments and establish a foundation for engineering electroactive communities.展开更多
Understanding the ecological processes shaping competitive interactions among forest trees is crucial for predicting ecosystem productivity and climate change resilience.However,few studies have investigated how the b...Understanding the ecological processes shaping competitive interactions among forest trees is crucial for predicting ecosystem productivity and climate change resilience.However,few studies have investigated how the biological attributes of tropical species may affect competitive outcomes under varying resource conditions.We collected and analysed a 10-year dataset of radial growth rates in canopy trees from a network of forest inventory plots located in divergent forest types over an extensive meteorological gradient in Ghana,West Africa.We used nonlinear models to estimate the relative reduction in potential growth(basal area increment)of individual target trees of a given species as a consequence of the combined effects of(1)target tree size,(2)variation in crowding levels by neighbouring trees,(3)the functional attributes of those neighbours(wood density and shade tolerance),and(4)local soil moisture levels.Analyses were conducted separately for the 15 most common species in the inventory network.In opposition to neutral theory,our findings indicate that the strength of interactions among competing species was distinctly asymmetric and dynamic.Wood density was an important characteristic that modified competitive outcomes for most species,particularly under varying levels of resource availability.Specifically,dense wood was an attribute that conferred comparatively stronger competitive ability in moisture-limited conditions.Larger individuals were notably less sensitive to the effects of moisture-dependent competition.Our results suggest that attributes such as wood density may reflect divergent life history strategies that differentiate species’fitness and competitive ability in varying environments.The dynamic nature of competition,influenced by a complex interplay of biological and abiotic factors,implies that more prevalent dry periods,which have been forecast for tropical Africa,may impact the physiognomy and function of future forest communities in the region.展开更多
As a complicated optimization problem,parallel batch processing machines scheduling problem(PBPMSP)exists in many real-life manufacturing industries such as textiles and semiconductors.Machine eligibility means that a...As a complicated optimization problem,parallel batch processing machines scheduling problem(PBPMSP)exists in many real-life manufacturing industries such as textiles and semiconductors.Machine eligibility means that at least one machine is not eligible for at least one job.PBPMSP and scheduling problems with machine eligibility are frequently considered;however,PBPMSP with machine eligibility is seldom explored.This study investigates PBPMSP with machine eligibility in fabric dyeing and presents a novel shuffled frog-leaping algorithm with competition(CSFLA)to minimize makespan.In CSFLA,the initial population is produced in a heuristic and random way,and the competitive search of memeplexes comprises two phases.Competition between any two memeplexes is done in the first phase,then iteration times are adjusted based on competition,and search strategies are adjusted adaptively based on the evolution quality of memeplexes in the second phase.An adaptive population shuffling is given.Computational experiments are conducted on 100 instances.The computational results showed that the new strategies of CSFLA are effective and that CSFLA has promising advantages in solving the considered PBPMSP.展开更多
Under the background of training practical compound talents in software engineering,this paper analyzes the problems existing in the current teaching of software engineering courses represented by software project man...Under the background of training practical compound talents in software engineering,this paper analyzes the problems existing in the current teaching of software engineering courses represented by software project management,puts forward the team task mechanism of software engineering courses with AI empowerment and cooperation and competition,develops a unified project management platform to support the implementation of team tasks,and proves the effectiveness of the scheme through the results obtained.展开更多
This article aims to explore the teaching mode of using MWorks simulation software to promote teaching in circuit fundamentals courses in vocational colleges through competitions.By analyzing the limitations of tradit...This article aims to explore the teaching mode of using MWorks simulation software to promote teaching in circuit fundamentals courses in vocational colleges through competitions.By analyzing the limitations of traditional teaching,this article elaborates on the functional advantages of MWorks software and its specific application methods in promoting teaching through competitions,including how to combine skill competitions for teaching design,organizing internal selection and training,and other aspects.Practice has shown that this model effectively enhances students’professional skills,innovation ability,and teamwork spirit,while also promoting the improvement of teachers’teaching level.Finally,the problems encountered during the application process were reflected upon,and improvement suggestions were proposed,providing a reference for relevant teaching reforms in vocational colleges.展开更多
Autosamplers are indispensable key equipment in modern laboratories,playing a pivotal role in fields such as biomedicine,environmental monitoring,food safety,and materials science.However,domestic autosampler enterpri...Autosamplers are indispensable key equipment in modern laboratories,playing a pivotal role in fields such as biomedicine,environmental monitoring,food safety,and materials science.However,domestic autosampler enterprises are facing formidable challenges,confronted by the technological barriers and brand dominance of international giants,as well as increasingly fierce homogeneous competition in the domestic market.This article aims to thoroughly analyze the current market landscape and,based on seven key dimensions—strategic positioning,product technology,sales channels,brand building,service and support,supply chain optimization,and talent development—propose a series of effective market-winning strategies.This will provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for domestic autosampler enterprises to achieve breakthroughs and sustainable development amidst fierce market competition.展开更多
Neighborhood competition is a critical driver of individual tree growth,and aboveground biomass(AGB)accumulation,which together play key roles in forest dynamics and carbon storage.Therefore,accurate biomass estimatio...Neighborhood competition is a critical driver of individual tree growth,and aboveground biomass(AGB)accumulation,which together play key roles in forest dynamics and carbon storage.Therefore,accurate biomass estimation is essential for understanding ecosystem functioning and informing forest management strategies to mitigate climate change.However,integrating neighborhood competition into biomass estimation models,particularly for young mixed forest stands,remains unexplored.In this study,we examined how incorporating neighborhood competition improves biomass prediction accuracy and how the influence of neighborhood competition differs between Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)and Pyrenean oak(Quercus pyrenaica Willd.),as well as the relative contributions of intra-and interspecific competition to AGB.Our findings revealed that including neighborhood competition alongside tree size variables(DBH and total tree height)significantly improved the predictive accuracy of AGB models for Scots pine.This addition reduced the root mean square error(RMSE)by 14% and improved the model efficiency factor(MEF)by 15%.Furthermore,intraspecific competition in Scots pine slightly reduced AGB,whereas interspecific competition had a significant negative effect on AGB.In contrast,DBH alone was the best predictor of AGB for Pyrenean oak,as neighborhood competition did not improve model performance.Also,intra-and interspecific competition in Pyrenean oak had positive but nonsignificant effects on AGB.These findings highlight the important role of competition in biomass models and suggest species-specific approaches in competition dynamics to inform sustainable forest management and climate change adaptation strategies.展开更多
Droughts pose significant threats to forest ecosystems globally.Effective forest management strategies,adapted to local conditions,are needed to mitigate negative drought impacts.One proposed strategy is competition r...Droughts pose significant threats to forest ecosystems globally.Effective forest management strategies,adapted to local conditions,are needed to mitigate negative drought impacts.One proposed strategy is competition reduction to increase water availability and,as a result,alleviate drought stress.This study investigates the effect of competition intensity on drought stress and tree growth in European beech(Fagus sylvatica)and pedunculate oak(Quercus robur).We deployed 72 point dendrometers,placed along a competition intensity gradient,in National Park Brabantse Wouden(Belgium),to measure daily minimum tree water deficit(TWD_(min))as a drought stress proxy and daily radial growth at tree level.Our results revealed species-dependent effects of competition intensity(CI).For European beech,competition reductions positively influenced growth and alleviated(1<CI<2)or aggravated(CI<0.5)drought stress.For pedunculate oak,competition intensity did not affect drought stress or growth along the investigated gradient.Environmental variables consistently affected TWDmin and growth of both species.Precipitation reduced TWDmin and increased growth,while vapor pressure deficit led to opposite trends.Thus,environmental conditions and competition can play a critical role in forest dynamics,especially in light of climate change.However,reducing competition through increased management efforts does not seem to be a one-size-fits-all solution to alleviating drought stress.Additionally,there seems to be a trade-off between reducing drought stress and improving tree growth in European beech:tree growth continuously benefited from competition reductions,while under low competition(CI<0.5)drought stress increased.Revisiting or reviving long-term thinning intensity trials encompassing various regions,species,and soil types will be needed to gain comprehensive insights into mitigating drought stress through management interventions under different local stand conditions.展开更多
The deep sea holds vital resources and spatial potential for future human survival and development,reflecting the common interests and concerns of all mankind.Amidst unprecedented global transformations in a hundred y...The deep sea holds vital resources and spatial potential for future human survival and development,reflecting the common interests and concerns of all mankind.Amidst unprecedented global transformations in a hundred years,the deep sea has emerged as a critical area of international competition and serves as a new frontier for resource extraction,a strategic space for military competition,and a contested space for great power rivalry and rule-making.展开更多
For students in higher vocational colleges,the"Internet+"Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition not only provides them with a rare platform for communication and learning but also significantly promotes...For students in higher vocational colleges,the"Internet+"Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition not only provides them with a rare platform for communication and learning but also significantly promotes their comprehensive development and substantially enhances their innovative and entrepreneurial capabilities.This paper explores the collaboration models between higher vocational colleges and industries in advancing the"Internet+"Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition,analyzes the impact of the competition on the educational systems and curriculum design of higher vocational colleges,and proposes pathways for research and practice on innovative and entrepreneurial talent cultivation models,aiming to cultivate high-quality and high-skilled talents who can adapt to industrial transformation and upgrading and achieve high-quality development.展开更多
文摘During the final of the International Standardization Youth Star Competition 2025,China Standardization interviewed several teams.In these young students,we see stories of their exploration,perseverance and dreams.The competition has come to an end,but the real journey has just begun:How will this experience change their future pursuit?
文摘The final and award ceremony of the International Standardization Youth Star Competition 2025 were held in Qingdao on November 22-23.The competition attracted 236 teams nationwide who demonstrated great enthusiasm for participating in the standardization undertaking.The competition followed the mode of“the industry puts forward questions,and the academia provides solutions”.Shandong Port Group Co.,Ltd.,Contemporary Amperex Technology Co.,Ltd.(CATL),Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.,and Beijing Zhongbiaolvjian Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.set up themed tracks respectively,and competitors developed standard proposals for the corresponding themes.
基金supported by Catalan Government,Nos.2014SGR344(to JT),2017SGR704(to JT),2021SGR01214(to MAL)MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/by“ERDF A way of making Europe,”Nos.SAF2015-67143(to JT),PID2019-106332GB-I00(to JT and MAL)and PID2022-141252NB-I00(to MAL).
文摘During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or strengthening.We have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse consolidation.The purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this process.In particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental competition.The dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific endings.We describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon terminals.The downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary synapses.Finally,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to reduce transmitter release and promote withdrawal of the most unfavorable nerve terminals during elimination(the weakest in acetylcholine release and those that have already become silent).The main findings contribute to a better understanding of punishment-rewarding interactions between nerve endings during development.Identifying the molecular targets and signaling pathways that allow synapse consolidation or withdrawal of synapses in different situations is important for potential therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.
基金supported by Key Technologies R&D Program of Jiangsu(Prospective and Key Technologies for Industry)(BE2022067,BE2022067-1 and BE2022067-2)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61771255)Provincial and Ministerial Key Laboratory Open Project under Grant No.20190904.
文摘An orderly competition mechanism is used to change unexpected competition into predictable competition so as to reduce access collision during access process.The scheme is realized by learning,queuing,and accessing.Queuing is the key step to reduce random and realize orderly competition.Related parameters leading to access random including the arrival rate,the delay requirements,the number of devices,and so on,are defined as queue factors in this paper.The queue factors are obtained from the improved double deep Q network(DDQN)algorithm which is proposed here by setting asynchronous weights of two target networks.By learning,the queue factors will guide the devices with diverse delay requirements to queue.Then the queued devices start the access process according to their learning optimal access slot and preamble.Different from traditional competition solutions,markov decision process of the orderly competition mechanism has only two states,which remarkably cuts down the back-off rate and reduces the access delay.The simulation results show that the access success rate of this method can be close to 100%before the system capacity approaches the maximum value.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32370456)the Key Project of Natural Sciences Foundation of Sichuan Province (22NSFSC0011)。
文摘Brain size varies dramatically across populations and species in anuran species.The differences in structure,function,or size of brains are linked to processing specific cognitive tasks by different behaviors.In particular,the causes of how male-male competition promotes the increased cognitive abilities to increase brains are as yet unexplored in anurans.To evaluate the effect of male-male competition on variation in brain size in B.andrewsi,we compared the differences in relative brain size between mated males and unpaired males under natural and experimental conditions.We found that mated males had relatively larger brains than unpaired males in a natural population when controlling the effect of body size.Likewise,we also found that there were larger brains in mated males than in unpaired males in both experiment 1 where two males competed for a female and experiment 2 where three males competed for a female,suggesting that males with mating success during male-male competition possess increased brain size and cognitive abilities.When we compared difference in relative brain size in mated males between experiment2 and experiment 1 we found that males experiencing more intense competition did not display larger brains than males experiencing relatively weak competition,suggesting that low intensity competition is already enough to trigger the increase in relative brain size in B.andrewsi.
基金funded by State Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFD2200401)S&T Program of Hebei(Nos.226Z6801G,22326807D)Talent Introduction Program in Hebei Agricultural University(No.YJ201918).
文摘Droughts have caused tree growth decline and high tree mortality across temperate forests,however,how to manage planted forests to alleviate drought stress is still challenging.We used tree-ring and forest inventory data from different density stands to investigate how competition,tree diameter at breast height(DBH),tree age,and their interactions influence drought sensitivity and resistance for three widely-distributed and planted conifer species(Larix principis-rupprechtii,Picea meyeri,and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica).Our results showed that the drought sensitivity of the three species was influenced by competition,tree size,and their interactions.Large L.principis-rupprechtii trees were particularly sensitive to drought during the growing season in medium to high-density stands,while the growth of large P.sylvestris var.mongolica was most affected by precipitation at low to medium density stands.Drought resistance of L.principis-rupprechtii trees decreased as tree size increased.Large L.principis-rupprechtii trees had lower drought resistance than small trees in all stands.Drought resistance of large P.meyeri trees exhibited high resistance to drought only in high-density stands.However,drought resistance of P.sylvestris var.mongolica trees was affected by tree size,competition,and their interactions.These results indicated that targeted silvicultural interventions,such as thinning,can be implemented to enhance drought resistance specifically for large L.principis-rupprechtii trees and small P.sylvestris var.mongolica trees in medium and high competition stands,and small P.meyeri trees in high competition stands.Our results highlight that properly conducted thinning can in some cases enhance growth resistance to droughts,depending on stand density,tree size,and tree species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22276183)the Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.IUE-JBGS-202212)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y2022082).
文摘Electroactive microorganisms are integral to biogeochemical cycles through extracellular electron transfer and have potential applications in environmental remediation.However,their long-term competitive interactions and evolutionary dynamics with non-electroactive microorganisms remain poorly understood.In this study,we conducted a 320-day cultivation experiment in which monocultures of the electroactive Shewanella oneidensis MR-1,the non-electroactive Citrobacter freundii An1,and their cocultures were compared under three single electron acceptor conditions:anaerobic(no exogenous electron acceptor),ferrihydrite,or oxygen.After 320 d,S.oneidensis MR-1 presented the highest relative abundance of 30.94%±0.74%in the ferrihydrite cocultures.S.oneidensis MR-1 maintained ferrihydrite reduction capacity after cultivation under all three conditions,indicating the long-term stability of its extracellular electron transfer.Moreover,no other phenotypic evolution was observed in S.oneidensis MR-1 after ferrihydrite or anaerobic cultivation.In contrast,both monocultured and cocultured S.oneidensis MR-1 exhibited enhanced adaptation to oxygen,characterized by increased growth rates,metabolic activity,and reduced cell aggregation.Notably,substrate consumption increased in monocultures but decreased in cocultures,suggesting an optimization of metabolic efficiency in the latter.Genome sequencing revealed mutations in genes associated with cell division,adenosine triphosphate synthesis,lactate metabolism,and flagellar/pilus expression in S.oneidensis MR-1.Interestingly,the ferrihydrite-adapted groups also exhibited enhanced adaptation to oxygen.83.96%of mutations were shared across all culture systems and enriched in environmental signal-sensing pathways,indicating that parallel genomic evolution facilitated cross-environmental adaptation.Our findings reveal the ecological evolution of electroactive microorganisms in diverse redox environments and establish a foundation for engineering electroactive communities.
基金We express our gratitude to the Internal Grant Agency of the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences,Czech University of Life Sciences,Prague(Grant No.IGA A_24_24)the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic(Grant INTER-TRANSFER No.LTT20017)for funding this study.
文摘Understanding the ecological processes shaping competitive interactions among forest trees is crucial for predicting ecosystem productivity and climate change resilience.However,few studies have investigated how the biological attributes of tropical species may affect competitive outcomes under varying resource conditions.We collected and analysed a 10-year dataset of radial growth rates in canopy trees from a network of forest inventory plots located in divergent forest types over an extensive meteorological gradient in Ghana,West Africa.We used nonlinear models to estimate the relative reduction in potential growth(basal area increment)of individual target trees of a given species as a consequence of the combined effects of(1)target tree size,(2)variation in crowding levels by neighbouring trees,(3)the functional attributes of those neighbours(wood density and shade tolerance),and(4)local soil moisture levels.Analyses were conducted separately for the 15 most common species in the inventory network.In opposition to neutral theory,our findings indicate that the strength of interactions among competing species was distinctly asymmetric and dynamic.Wood density was an important characteristic that modified competitive outcomes for most species,particularly under varying levels of resource availability.Specifically,dense wood was an attribute that conferred comparatively stronger competitive ability in moisture-limited conditions.Larger individuals were notably less sensitive to the effects of moisture-dependent competition.Our results suggest that attributes such as wood density may reflect divergent life history strategies that differentiate species’fitness and competitive ability in varying environments.The dynamic nature of competition,influenced by a complex interplay of biological and abiotic factors,implies that more prevalent dry periods,which have been forecast for tropical Africa,may impact the physiognomy and function of future forest communities in the region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 61573264).
文摘As a complicated optimization problem,parallel batch processing machines scheduling problem(PBPMSP)exists in many real-life manufacturing industries such as textiles and semiconductors.Machine eligibility means that at least one machine is not eligible for at least one job.PBPMSP and scheduling problems with machine eligibility are frequently considered;however,PBPMSP with machine eligibility is seldom explored.This study investigates PBPMSP with machine eligibility in fabric dyeing and presents a novel shuffled frog-leaping algorithm with competition(CSFLA)to minimize makespan.In CSFLA,the initial population is produced in a heuristic and random way,and the competitive search of memeplexes comprises two phases.Competition between any two memeplexes is done in the first phase,then iteration times are adjusted based on competition,and search strategies are adjusted adaptively based on the evolution quality of memeplexes in the second phase.An adaptive population shuffling is given.Computational experiments are conducted on 100 instances.The computational results showed that the new strategies of CSFLA are effective and that CSFLA has promising advantages in solving the considered PBPMSP.
文摘Under the background of training practical compound talents in software engineering,this paper analyzes the problems existing in the current teaching of software engineering courses represented by software project management,puts forward the team task mechanism of software engineering courses with AI empowerment and cooperation and competition,develops a unified project management platform to support the implementation of team tasks,and proves the effectiveness of the scheme through the results obtained.
基金MWORKS University Application Verification Project(BX2024C081).
文摘This article aims to explore the teaching mode of using MWorks simulation software to promote teaching in circuit fundamentals courses in vocational colleges through competitions.By analyzing the limitations of traditional teaching,this article elaborates on the functional advantages of MWorks software and its specific application methods in promoting teaching through competitions,including how to combine skill competitions for teaching design,organizing internal selection and training,and other aspects.Practice has shown that this model effectively enhances students’professional skills,innovation ability,and teamwork spirit,while also promoting the improvement of teachers’teaching level.Finally,the problems encountered during the application process were reflected upon,and improvement suggestions were proposed,providing a reference for relevant teaching reforms in vocational colleges.
文摘Autosamplers are indispensable key equipment in modern laboratories,playing a pivotal role in fields such as biomedicine,environmental monitoring,food safety,and materials science.However,domestic autosampler enterprises are facing formidable challenges,confronted by the technological barriers and brand dominance of international giants,as well as increasingly fierce homogeneous competition in the domestic market.This article aims to thoroughly analyze the current market landscape and,based on seven key dimensions—strategic positioning,product technology,sales channels,brand building,service and support,supply chain optimization,and talent development—propose a series of effective market-winning strategies.This will provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for domestic autosampler enterprises to achieve breakthroughs and sustainable development amidst fierce market competition.
基金the 2019 call for the predoctoral contract at the University of Valladolid cofinanced by Banco de Santander and projects‘CLU-2019-01-Unidad de Excelencia Instituto iuFOR’,‘PID2021-126275OB-C21’and‘PID2021-126275OB-C22’-Integrated Forest Management along complexity gradients(IMFLEX)‘MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER,UE’,which received financial support from the Regional Government of Castilla and León,Spainthe European Regional Development Fund(ERDF).
文摘Neighborhood competition is a critical driver of individual tree growth,and aboveground biomass(AGB)accumulation,which together play key roles in forest dynamics and carbon storage.Therefore,accurate biomass estimation is essential for understanding ecosystem functioning and informing forest management strategies to mitigate climate change.However,integrating neighborhood competition into biomass estimation models,particularly for young mixed forest stands,remains unexplored.In this study,we examined how incorporating neighborhood competition improves biomass prediction accuracy and how the influence of neighborhood competition differs between Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)and Pyrenean oak(Quercus pyrenaica Willd.),as well as the relative contributions of intra-and interspecific competition to AGB.Our findings revealed that including neighborhood competition alongside tree size variables(DBH and total tree height)significantly improved the predictive accuracy of AGB models for Scots pine.This addition reduced the root mean square error(RMSE)by 14% and improved the model efficiency factor(MEF)by 15%.Furthermore,intraspecific competition in Scots pine slightly reduced AGB,whereas interspecific competition had a significant negative effect on AGB.In contrast,DBH alone was the best predictor of AGB for Pyrenean oak,as neighborhood competition did not improve model performance.Also,intra-and interspecific competition in Pyrenean oak had positive but nonsignificant effects on AGB.These findings highlight the important role of competition in biomass models and suggest species-specific approaches in competition dynamics to inform sustainable forest management and climate change adaptation strategies.
基金supported by the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek(FWO)[grant number 1S16824N]the Cost Action CLEANFOREST[E-COST-GRANT-CA21138-c4968ca1].
文摘Droughts pose significant threats to forest ecosystems globally.Effective forest management strategies,adapted to local conditions,are needed to mitigate negative drought impacts.One proposed strategy is competition reduction to increase water availability and,as a result,alleviate drought stress.This study investigates the effect of competition intensity on drought stress and tree growth in European beech(Fagus sylvatica)and pedunculate oak(Quercus robur).We deployed 72 point dendrometers,placed along a competition intensity gradient,in National Park Brabantse Wouden(Belgium),to measure daily minimum tree water deficit(TWD_(min))as a drought stress proxy and daily radial growth at tree level.Our results revealed species-dependent effects of competition intensity(CI).For European beech,competition reductions positively influenced growth and alleviated(1<CI<2)or aggravated(CI<0.5)drought stress.For pedunculate oak,competition intensity did not affect drought stress or growth along the investigated gradient.Environmental variables consistently affected TWDmin and growth of both species.Precipitation reduced TWDmin and increased growth,while vapor pressure deficit led to opposite trends.Thus,environmental conditions and competition can play a critical role in forest dynamics,especially in light of climate change.However,reducing competition through increased management efforts does not seem to be a one-size-fits-all solution to alleviating drought stress.Additionally,there seems to be a trade-off between reducing drought stress and improving tree growth in European beech:tree growth continuously benefited from competition reductions,while under low competition(CI<0.5)drought stress increased.Revisiting or reviving long-term thinning intensity trials encompassing various regions,species,and soil types will be needed to gain comprehensive insights into mitigating drought stress through management interventions under different local stand conditions.
文摘The deep sea holds vital resources and spatial potential for future human survival and development,reflecting the common interests and concerns of all mankind.Amidst unprecedented global transformations in a hundred years,the deep sea has emerged as a critical area of international competition and serves as a new frontier for resource extraction,a strategic space for military competition,and a contested space for great power rivalry and rule-making.
基金2024 Annual Planning Program of China Vocational Education Association"Research and Practice on the Pathways of Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talent Cultivation Model under the Background of Industry-Education Integration"(ZJS2024YB79).
文摘For students in higher vocational colleges,the"Internet+"Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition not only provides them with a rare platform for communication and learning but also significantly promotes their comprehensive development and substantially enhances their innovative and entrepreneurial capabilities.This paper explores the collaboration models between higher vocational colleges and industries in advancing the"Internet+"Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition,analyzes the impact of the competition on the educational systems and curriculum design of higher vocational colleges,and proposes pathways for research and practice on innovative and entrepreneurial talent cultivation models,aiming to cultivate high-quality and high-skilled talents who can adapt to industrial transformation and upgrading and achieve high-quality development.
