This paper was conducted on the shale reservoir in the Dongying depression in the Shahejie Formation of Paleogene. Based on detailed core description, rock thin sections, argon ion polishing, scanning electron microsc...This paper was conducted on the shale reservoir in the Dongying depression in the Shahejie Formation of Paleogene. Based on detailed core description, rock thin sections, argon ion polishing, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） analysis, CT scanning and carbon-oxygen isotopic test, the formation mechanism of the inter-laminar fractures（or seams） and their development conditions were discussed by comprehensive analysis of the diagenetic evolution features and the reservoir space evolution characteristics. The results show that the laminated composite pattern in Dongying depression was dominated by vertical distribution of laminated calcite and clay minerals. Contrasted to the traditional understanding, development degree of inter-laminar fractures was much lower. Pure fluid between layers cannot exist without framework minerals, and the pre-existing well connected pore or horizontal overpressure micro seam was favorable paths of fluid migration. From the points of inter-laminar fractures origin mechanism and its evolution, the so called seams, were much more complex than traditional understanding that hydrocarbon generation raised the pore pressure and led to the parallel microfractures. But the inter-laminar fractures had little relationship with that whether the lamination was developed or bedding boundary was clear or not. In fact, the shale reservoir inter-laminar fractures were not rigorous fracture. They were controlled by pre-existing inter-granular pore（or seam） or dissolved pore, which distributed along carbonate laminae boundary and were connected by later super pressure, dissolution and the seepage force. And the development conditions were burial depth（bigger than 3 000 m） and the Ro value（〉0.6%）. Discussion on its origin and evolution has important petroleum geological significance on optimizing reservoir segment and favorable target areas selection.展开更多
A constitutive model for composite laminated plates with the damage effect of the intra-layers and inter-laminar interface is presented. The model is based on the general six-degrees-of-freedom plate theory, the disco...A constitutive model for composite laminated plates with the damage effect of the intra-layers and inter-laminar interface is presented. The model is based on the general six-degrees-of-freedom plate theory, the discontinuity of displacement on the interfaces are depicted by three shape functions, which are formulated according to solutions satisfying three equilibrium equations, By using the variation principle, the three-dimensional non-linear equilibrium differential equations of the laminated plates with two different damage models are derived. Then, considering a simply supported laminated plate with damage, an analytical solution is presented using finite difference method to obtain the inter-laminar stresses.展开更多
The paper presented accelerated ageing test results of a durability study on ortho-phthalic anhydride-type unsaturated polyester resin （191#） and its glass-fiber reinforcement polyester composites （GFRPC）. The sam...The paper presented accelerated ageing test results of a durability study on ortho-phthalic anhydride-type unsaturated polyester resin （191#） and its glass-fiber reinforcement polyester composites （GFRPC）. The samples were exposed in an artificial xenon arc lamp ageing cell or a thermo-oxidative ageing cell. Morphology and gloss of the specimens were investigated by using a microscope and a gloss-meter, respectively. The tensile strength, bending strength and inter-laminar shear strength （ILSS） of GFRPC were tested before and after exposure, and were considered to evaluate the durability performance of this material. The polyester resin was analyzed by fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy. The results showed that the glossiness of the specimens got worse and some cracks appeared on their surface during the course of ageing, the tensile strength and bending strengths of the specimens first increased and then decreased. The ILSS of the composites decreased after they were aged in the xenon arc lamp cell, but increased while they were aged in the thermo-oxidative cell. The changes of these trends become more obvious during ageing in the xenon arc lamp cell, so the main influencing factor leading to the failure of this material is UV irradiation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2014CB239102)the National Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2016ZX05049-4)the National Natural Science Fundation of China (Nos. 41372107, 41572087)
文摘This paper was conducted on the shale reservoir in the Dongying depression in the Shahejie Formation of Paleogene. Based on detailed core description, rock thin sections, argon ion polishing, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） analysis, CT scanning and carbon-oxygen isotopic test, the formation mechanism of the inter-laminar fractures（or seams） and their development conditions were discussed by comprehensive analysis of the diagenetic evolution features and the reservoir space evolution characteristics. The results show that the laminated composite pattern in Dongying depression was dominated by vertical distribution of laminated calcite and clay minerals. Contrasted to the traditional understanding, development degree of inter-laminar fractures was much lower. Pure fluid between layers cannot exist without framework minerals, and the pre-existing well connected pore or horizontal overpressure micro seam was favorable paths of fluid migration. From the points of inter-laminar fractures origin mechanism and its evolution, the so called seams, were much more complex than traditional understanding that hydrocarbon generation raised the pore pressure and led to the parallel microfractures. But the inter-laminar fractures had little relationship with that whether the lamination was developed or bedding boundary was clear or not. In fact, the shale reservoir inter-laminar fractures were not rigorous fracture. They were controlled by pre-existing inter-granular pore（or seam） or dissolved pore, which distributed along carbonate laminae boundary and were connected by later super pressure, dissolution and the seepage force. And the development conditions were burial depth（bigger than 3 000 m） and the Ro value（〉0.6%）. Discussion on its origin and evolution has important petroleum geological significance on optimizing reservoir segment and favorable target areas selection.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10572049).
文摘A constitutive model for composite laminated plates with the damage effect of the intra-layers and inter-laminar interface is presented. The model is based on the general six-degrees-of-freedom plate theory, the discontinuity of displacement on the interfaces are depicted by three shape functions, which are formulated according to solutions satisfying three equilibrium equations, By using the variation principle, the three-dimensional non-linear equilibrium differential equations of the laminated plates with two different damage models are derived. Then, considering a simply supported laminated plate with damage, an analytical solution is presented using finite difference method to obtain the inter-laminar stresses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50533060)
文摘The paper presented accelerated ageing test results of a durability study on ortho-phthalic anhydride-type unsaturated polyester resin （191#） and its glass-fiber reinforcement polyester composites （GFRPC）. The samples were exposed in an artificial xenon arc lamp ageing cell or a thermo-oxidative ageing cell. Morphology and gloss of the specimens were investigated by using a microscope and a gloss-meter, respectively. The tensile strength, bending strength and inter-laminar shear strength （ILSS） of GFRPC were tested before and after exposure, and were considered to evaluate the durability performance of this material. The polyester resin was analyzed by fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy. The results showed that the glossiness of the specimens got worse and some cracks appeared on their surface during the course of ageing, the tensile strength and bending strengths of the specimens first increased and then decreased. The ILSS of the composites decreased after they were aged in the xenon arc lamp cell, but increased while they were aged in the thermo-oxidative cell. The changes of these trends become more obvious during ageing in the xenon arc lamp cell, so the main influencing factor leading to the failure of this material is UV irradiation.
