The delegating private quantum computation(DQC)protocol with the universal quantum gate set{X,Z,H,P,R,CNOT}was firstly proposed by Broadbent et al.[Broadbent(2015)],and then Tan et al.[Tan and Zhou(2017)]tried to put ...The delegating private quantum computation(DQC)protocol with the universal quantum gate set{X,Z,H,P,R,CNOT}was firstly proposed by Broadbent et al.[Broadbent(2015)],and then Tan et al.[Tan and Zhou(2017)]tried to put forward a half-blind DQC protocol(HDQC)with another universal set{H,P,CNOT,T}.However,the decryption circuit of Toffoli gate(i.e.T)is a little redundant,and Tan et al.’s protocol[Tan and Zhou(2017)]exists the information leak.In addition,both of these two protocols just focus on the blindness of data(i.e.the client’s input and output),but do not consider the blindness of computation(i.e.the delegated quantum operation).For solving these problems,we propose a full-blind DQC protocol(FDQC)with quantum gate set{H,P,CNOT,T},where the desirable delegated quantum operation,one of{H,P,CNOT,T},is replaced by a fixed sequence(H,P,CZ,CNOT,T)to make the computation blind,and the decryption circuit of Toffoli gate is also optimized.Analysis shows that our protocol can not only correctly perform any delegated quantum computation,but also holds the characteristics of data blindness and computation blindness.展开更多
Layer pseudospins,exhibiting quantum coherence and precise multistate controllability,present significant potential for the advancement of future computing technologies.In this work,we propose an in-memory probabilist...Layer pseudospins,exhibiting quantum coherence and precise multistate controllability,present significant potential for the advancement of future computing technologies.In this work,we propose an in-memory probabilistic computing scheme based on the electrical manipulation of layer pseudospins in layered materials,by exploiting the interaction between real spins and layer pseudospins.展开更多
As a connection between the process and the circuit design, the device model is greatly desired for emerging devices, such as the double-gate MOSFET. Time efficiency is one of the most important requirements for devic...As a connection between the process and the circuit design, the device model is greatly desired for emerging devices, such as the double-gate MOSFET. Time efficiency is one of the most important requirements for device modeling. In this paper, an improvement to the computational efficiency of the drain current model for double-gate MOSFETs is extended, and different calculation methods are compared and discussed. The results show that the calculation speed of the improved model is substantially enhanced. A two-dimensional device simulation is performed to verify the improved model. Furthermore, the model is implemented into the HSPICE circuit simulator in Verilog-A for practical application.展开更多
New electronic devices based on the physical properties of electrically driven skyrmions are promising for logic computing and nonvolatile memory applications.However,achieving efficient and practical compute-storage ...New electronic devices based on the physical properties of electrically driven skyrmions are promising for logic computing and nonvolatile memory applications.However,achieving efficient and practical compute-storage integration remains challenging owing to the structural complexity,limited functionality,and low flexibility observed in most skyrmion-based devices.In this study,we designed a novel device architecture that integrates seven basic logic gates into a unified physical structure.Their operation can be enabled by physical mechanisms,such as spin-orbit torque,spin-transfer torque,skyrmion-edge repulsions,and skyrmion-skyrmion interactions.Furthermore,by incorporating voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy,the device achieved multi-input capability and reconfigurability functionality.Ultralow power consumption(<1 fJ/bit per logic function)and extremely high logic density were achieved.Significantly,the compatibility of this nanotrack design with existing skyrmion racetrack memory paves the way for advanced in-memory computing in spintronic architectures.展开更多
Optical computing and optical neural network have gained increasing attention in recent years because of their potential advantages of parallel processing at the speed of light and low power consumption by comparison ...Optical computing and optical neural network have gained increasing attention in recent years because of their potential advantages of parallel processing at the speed of light and low power consumption by comparison with electronic computing.The optical implementation of the fundamental building blocks of a digital computer,i.e.logic gates,has been investigated extensively in the past few decades.Optical logic gate computing is an alternative approach to various analogue optical computing architectures.In this paper,the latest development of optical logic gate computing with different kinds of implementations is reviewed.Firstly,the basic concepts of analogue and digital computing with logic gates in the electronic and optical domains are introduced.And then a comprehensive summary of various optical logic gate schemes including spatial encoding of light field,semiconductor optical amplifiers(SOA),highly nonlinear fiber(HNLF),microscale and nanoscale waveguides,and photonic crystal structures is presented.To conclude,the formidable challenges in developing practical all-optical logic gates are analyzed and the prospects of the future are discussed.展开更多
We study the phenomenon of decoherence during the operation of one qubit transformation, controlled-not (CNOT) and controlled-controlled-not (C2NOT) quantum gates in a quantum computer model formed by a linear chain o...We study the phenomenon of decoherence during the operation of one qubit transformation, controlled-not (CNOT) and controlled-controlled-not (C2NOT) quantum gates in a quantum computer model formed by a linear chain of three nuclear spins system. We make this study with different type of environments, and we determine the associated decoherence time as a function of the dissipative parameter. We found that the dissipation parameter to get a well defined quantum gates (without significant decoherence) must be within the range of . We also study the behavior of the purity parameter for these gates and different environments and found linear or quadratic decays of this parameter depending on the type of environments.展开更多
We propose a method of controlling the dc-SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) systemby changing the gate voltages, which controls the amplitude of the fictitious magnetic fields Bz, and the externallya...We propose a method of controlling the dc-SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) systemby changing the gate voltages, which controls the amplitude of the fictitious magnetic fields Bz, and the externallyapplied current that produces the piercing magnetic fiux φx for the dc-SQUID system. We have also introduced aphysical model for the dc-SQUID system. Using this physical model, one can obtain the non-adiabatic geometric phasegate for the single qubit and the non-adiabatic conditional geometric phase gate (controlled NOT gate) for the twoqubits. It is shown that when the gate voltage and the externally applied current of the dc-SQUID system satisfies anappropriate constraint condition, the charge state evolution can be controlled exactly on a dynamic phase free path. Thenon-adiabatic evolution of the charge states is given as well.展开更多
We propose a method of controlling the dc-SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) system by changing the gate voltages, which controls the amplitude of the fictitious magnetic fields B-z, and the externall...We propose a method of controlling the dc-SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) system by changing the gate voltages, which controls the amplitude of the fictitious magnetic fields B-z, and the externally applied current that produces the piercing magnetic flux Phi(x) for the dc-SQUID system. We have also introduced a physical model for the dc-SQUID system. Using this physical model, one can obtain the non-adiabatic geometric phase gate for the single qubit and the non-adiabatic conditional geometric phase gate (controlled NOT gate) for the two qubits. It is shown that when the gate voltage and the externally applied current of the dc-SQUID system satisfies an appropriate constraint condition, the charge state evolution can be controlled exactly on a dynamic phase free path. The non-adiabatic evolution of the charge states is given as well.展开更多
In this article the inherent computational power of the quantum entangled cluster states examined by measurement-based quantum computations is studied. By defining a common framework of rules for measurement of quantu...In this article the inherent computational power of the quantum entangled cluster states examined by measurement-based quantum computations is studied. By defining a common framework of rules for measurement of quantum entangled cluster states based on classical computations, the precise and detailed meaning of the computing power of the correlations in the quantum cluster states is made. This study exposes a connection, arousing interest, between the infringement of the realistic models that are local and the computing power of the quantum entangled cluster states.展开更多
Three recent breakthroughs due to AI in arts and science serve as motivation:An award winning digital image,protein folding,fast matrix multiplication.Many recent developments in artificial neural networks,particularl...Three recent breakthroughs due to AI in arts and science serve as motivation:An award winning digital image,protein folding,fast matrix multiplication.Many recent developments in artificial neural networks,particularly deep learning(DL),applied and relevant to computational mechanics(solid,fluids,finite-element technology)are reviewed in detail.Both hybrid and pure machine learning(ML)methods are discussed.Hybrid methods combine traditional PDE discretizations with ML methods either(1)to help model complex nonlinear constitutive relations,(2)to nonlinearly reduce the model order for efficient simulation(turbulence),or(3)to accelerate the simulation by predicting certain components in the traditional integration methods.Here,methods(1)and(2)relied on Long-Short-Term Memory(LSTM)architecture,with method(3)relying on convolutional neural networks.Pure ML methods to solve(nonlinear)PDEs are represented by Physics-Informed Neural network(PINN)methods,which could be combined with attention mechanism to address discontinuous solutions.Both LSTM and attention architectures,together with modern and generalized classic optimizers to include stochasticity for DL networks,are extensively reviewed.Kernel machines,including Gaussian processes,are provided to sufficient depth for more advanced works such as shallow networks with infinite width.Not only addressing experts,readers are assumed familiar with computational mechanics,but not with DL,whose concepts and applications are built up from the basics,aiming at bringing first-time learners quickly to the forefront of research.History and limitations of AI are recounted and discussed,with particular attention at pointing out misstatements or misconceptions of the classics,even in well-known references.Positioning and pointing control of a large-deformable beam is given as an example.展开更多
High-quality entangling gates are crucial for scalable quantum information processing.Implementing all-microwave two-qubit gates on fixed-frequency transmons offers advantages in reducing wiring complexity,but the gat...High-quality entangling gates are crucial for scalable quantum information processing.Implementing all-microwave two-qubit gates on fixed-frequency transmons offers advantages in reducing wiring complexity,but the gate performance is often limited due to the residual ZZ interaction and the frequency crowding problem.Here,we introduce a novel scheme that enables a microwave drive-activated CZ gate compatible with the coupler structure to suppress the residual ZZ interaction.The microwave drive is applied to the coupler and the microwave drive frequency remains far detuned from the system’s transition frequency to alleviate the frequency crowding problem.We model the gate process analytically and demonstrate a theoretical gate fidelity up to 99.9%numerically.Our scheme is compatible with current coupler-structure-based circuits,and insensitive to microwave crosstalk,showing a possible path for all-microwave quantum operations at scale.展开更多
As an emerging memory device,memristor shows great potential in neuromorphic computing applications due to its advantage of low power consumption.This review paper focuses on the application of low-power-based memrist...As an emerging memory device,memristor shows great potential in neuromorphic computing applications due to its advantage of low power consumption.This review paper focuses on the application of low-power-based memristors in various aspects.The concept and structure of memristor devices are introduced.The selection of functional materials for low-power memristors is discussed,including ion transport materials,phase change materials,magnetoresistive materials,and ferroelectric materials.Two common types of memristor arrays,1T1R and 1S1R crossbar arrays are introduced,and physical diagrams of edge computing memristor chips are discussed in detail.Potential applications of low-power memristors in advanced multi-value storage,digital logic gates,and analogue neuromorphic computing are summarized.Furthermore,the future challenges and outlook of neuromorphic computing based on memristor are deeply discussed.展开更多
Trapped ion hardware has made significant progress recently and is now one of the leading platforms for quantum computing.To construct two-qubit gates in trapped ions,experimentalmanipulation approaches for ion chains...Trapped ion hardware has made significant progress recently and is now one of the leading platforms for quantum computing.To construct two-qubit gates in trapped ions,experimentalmanipulation approaches for ion chains are becoming increasingly prevalent.Given the restricted control technology,how implementing high-fidelity quantum gate operations is crucial.Many works in current pulse design optimization focus on ion–phonon and effective ion–ion couplings while ignoring the first-order derivative terms expansion impacts of these two terms brought on by experiment defects.This paper proposes a novel robust quantum control optimization method in trapped ions.By introducing the first-order derivative terms caused by the error into the optimization cost function,we generate an extremely robust Mølmer–Sørensen gate with infidelity below 10^(−3) under a drift noise range of±10 kHz,the relative robustness achieves a tolerance of±5%,compared to the 200-kHz frequency spacing between phonon modes,and for time noise drift,the tolerance reached to 2%.Our work reveals the vital role of the first-order derivative terms of coupling in trapped ion pulse control optimization,especially the first-order derivative terms of ion–ion coupling.It provides a robust optimization scheme for realizing more efficient entangled states in trapped ion platforms.展开更多
We present a robust quantum optimal control framework for implementing fast entangling gates on ion-trap quantum processors.The framework leverages tailored laser pulses to drive the multiple vibrational sidebands of ...We present a robust quantum optimal control framework for implementing fast entangling gates on ion-trap quantum processors.The framework leverages tailored laser pulses to drive the multiple vibrational sidebands of the ions to create phonon-mediated entangling gates and,unlike the state of the art,requires neither weakcoupling Lamb-Dicke approximation nor perturbation treatment.With the application of gradient-based optimal control,it enables finding amplitude-and phase-modulated laser control protocols that work without the Lamb-Dicke approximation,promising gate speeds on the order of microseconds comparable to the characteristic trap frequencies.Also,robustness requirements on the temperature of the ions and initial optical phase can be conveniently included to pursue high-quality fast gates against experimental imperfections.Our approach represents a step in speeding up quantum gates to achieve larger quantum circuits for quantum computation and simulation,and thus can find applications in near-future experiments.展开更多
As a typical in-memory computing hardware design, nonvolatile ternary content-addressable memories(TCAMs) enable the logic operation and data storage for high throughout in parallel big data processing. However,TCAM c...As a typical in-memory computing hardware design, nonvolatile ternary content-addressable memories(TCAMs) enable the logic operation and data storage for high throughout in parallel big data processing. However,TCAM cells based on conventional silicon-based devices suffer from structural complexity and large footprintlimitations. Here, we demonstrate an ultrafast nonvolatile TCAM cell based on the MoTe2/hBN/multilayergraphene (MLG) van der Waals heterostructure using a top-gated partial floating-gate field-effect transistor(PFGFET) architecture. Based on its ambipolar transport properties, the carrier type in the source/drain andcentral channel regions of the MoTe2 channel can be efficiently tuned by the control gate and top gate, respectively,enabling the reconfigurable operation of the device in either memory or FET mode. When working inthe memory mode, it achieves an ultrafast 60 ns programming/erase speed with a current on-off ratio of ∼105,excellent retention capability, and robust endurance. When serving as a reconfigurable transistor, unipolar p-typeand n-type FETs are obtained by adopting ultrafast 60 ns control-gate voltage pulses with different polarities.The monolithic integration of memory and logic within a single device enables the content-addressable memory(CAM) functionality. Finally, by integrating two PFGFETs in parallel, a TCAM cell with a high current ratioof ∼10^(5) between the match and mismatch states is achieved without requiring additional peripheral circuitry.These results provide a promising route for the design of high-performance TCAM devices for future in-memorycomputing applications.展开更多
For the quantum error correction and noisy intermediate-scale quantum algorithms to function with high efficiency,the raw fidelity of quantum logic gates on physical qubits needs to satisfy strict requirements.The neu...For the quantum error correction and noisy intermediate-scale quantum algorithms to function with high efficiency,the raw fidelity of quantum logic gates on physical qubits needs to satisfy strict requirements.The neutral atom quantum computing equipped with Rydberg blockade gates has made impressive progress recently,which makes it worthwhile to explore its potential in the two-qubit entangling gates,including the controlledphase gate,and in particular,the CZ gate.Provided the quantum coherence is well preserved,improving the fidelity of Rydberg blockade gates calls for special mechanisms to deal with adverse effects caused by realistic experimental conditions.Here,the heralded very-high-fidelity Rydberg blockade controlled-phase gate is designed to address these issues,which contains self-correction and projection as the key steps.This trailblazing method builds upon the previously established buffer-atom-mediated gate framework,with a special form of symmetry under parity–time transformation playing a crucial role in the process.We further analyze the performance with respect to a few typical sources of imperfections.This procedure can also be regarded as quantum hardware error correction or mitigation.While this paper by itself does not cover every single subtle issue and still contains many oversimplifications,we find it reasonable to anticipate a very-high-fidelity two-qubit quantum logic gate operated in the sense of heralded but probabilistic,whose gate error can be reduced to the level of 10^(-4)–10^(-6)or even lower with reasonably high possibilities.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61502101 and 61501247)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20171458)+4 种基金the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.2015-XXRJ-013)the Natural science Foundation for colleges and universities of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.16KJB520030)the Research Innovation Program for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.KYCX17_0902)the Practice Innovation Training Program Projects for the Jiangsu College Students(Grant No.201810300016Z)and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘The delegating private quantum computation(DQC)protocol with the universal quantum gate set{X,Z,H,P,R,CNOT}was firstly proposed by Broadbent et al.[Broadbent(2015)],and then Tan et al.[Tan and Zhou(2017)]tried to put forward a half-blind DQC protocol(HDQC)with another universal set{H,P,CNOT,T}.However,the decryption circuit of Toffoli gate(i.e.T)is a little redundant,and Tan et al.’s protocol[Tan and Zhou(2017)]exists the information leak.In addition,both of these two protocols just focus on the blindness of data(i.e.the client’s input and output),but do not consider the blindness of computation(i.e.the delegated quantum operation).For solving these problems,we propose a full-blind DQC protocol(FDQC)with quantum gate set{H,P,CNOT,T},where the desirable delegated quantum operation,one of{H,P,CNOT,T},is replaced by a fixed sequence(H,P,CZ,CNOT,T)to make the computation blind,and the decryption circuit of Toffoli gate is also optimized.Analysis shows that our protocol can not only correctly perform any delegated quantum computation,but also holds the characteristics of data blindness and computation blindness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12322407,62122036,and 62034004)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20233001)+5 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFF0718400 and 2023YFF1203600)the Leading-edge Technology Program of Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.BK20232004)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB44000000)Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technologysupport from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.020414380227,020414380240,and 020414380242)the e-Science Center of Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures。
文摘Layer pseudospins,exhibiting quantum coherence and precise multistate controllability,present significant potential for the advancement of future computing technologies.In this work,we propose an in-memory probabilistic computing scheme based on the electrical manipulation of layer pseudospins in layered materials,by exploiting the interaction between real spins and layer pseudospins.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60876027)the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (Grant No.60925015)+1 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2011CBA00600)the Fundamental Research Project of Shenzhen Science & Technology Foundation,China (Grant No.JC200903160353A)
文摘As a connection between the process and the circuit design, the device model is greatly desired for emerging devices, such as the double-gate MOSFET. Time efficiency is one of the most important requirements for device modeling. In this paper, an improvement to the computational efficiency of the drain current model for double-gate MOSFETs is extended, and different calculation methods are compared and discussed. The results show that the calculation speed of the improved model is substantially enhanced. A two-dimensional device simulation is performed to verify the improved model. Furthermore, the model is implemented into the HSPICE circuit simulator in Verilog-A for practical application.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12474101)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52272202 and W2421027)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52501307)。
文摘New electronic devices based on the physical properties of electrically driven skyrmions are promising for logic computing and nonvolatile memory applications.However,achieving efficient and practical compute-storage integration remains challenging owing to the structural complexity,limited functionality,and low flexibility observed in most skyrmion-based devices.In this study,we designed a novel device architecture that integrates seven basic logic gates into a unified physical structure.Their operation can be enabled by physical mechanisms,such as spin-orbit torque,spin-transfer torque,skyrmion-edge repulsions,and skyrmion-skyrmion interactions.Furthermore,by incorporating voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy,the device achieved multi-input capability and reconfigurability functionality.Ultralow power consumption(<1 fJ/bit per logic function)and extremely high logic density were achieved.Significantly,the compatibility of this nanotrack design with existing skyrmion racetrack memory paves the way for advanced in-memory computing in spintronic architectures.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grants No.2021YFA1401500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12022416)+3 种基金the Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province(No.GDNRC[2022]22)Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(No.2021A0505080002)Intelligent Laser Basic Research Laboratory(No.PCL2021A14-B1)the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(16306220).
文摘Optical computing and optical neural network have gained increasing attention in recent years because of their potential advantages of parallel processing at the speed of light and low power consumption by comparison with electronic computing.The optical implementation of the fundamental building blocks of a digital computer,i.e.logic gates,has been investigated extensively in the past few decades.Optical logic gate computing is an alternative approach to various analogue optical computing architectures.In this paper,the latest development of optical logic gate computing with different kinds of implementations is reviewed.Firstly,the basic concepts of analogue and digital computing with logic gates in the electronic and optical domains are introduced.And then a comprehensive summary of various optical logic gate schemes including spatial encoding of light field,semiconductor optical amplifiers(SOA),highly nonlinear fiber(HNLF),microscale and nanoscale waveguides,and photonic crystal structures is presented.To conclude,the formidable challenges in developing practical all-optical logic gates are analyzed and the prospects of the future are discussed.
文摘We study the phenomenon of decoherence during the operation of one qubit transformation, controlled-not (CNOT) and controlled-controlled-not (C2NOT) quantum gates in a quantum computer model formed by a linear chain of three nuclear spins system. We make this study with different type of environments, and we determine the associated decoherence time as a function of the dissipative parameter. We found that the dissipation parameter to get a well defined quantum gates (without significant decoherence) must be within the range of . We also study the behavior of the purity parameter for these gates and different environments and found linear or quadratic decays of this parameter depending on the type of environments.
基金The project supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 19975036, and the Foundation of the Science and Technology Committee of Hunan Province of China under Grant No. 21000205
文摘We propose a method of controlling the dc-SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) systemby changing the gate voltages, which controls the amplitude of the fictitious magnetic fields Bz, and the externallyapplied current that produces the piercing magnetic fiux φx for the dc-SQUID system. We have also introduced aphysical model for the dc-SQUID system. Using this physical model, one can obtain the non-adiabatic geometric phasegate for the single qubit and the non-adiabatic conditional geometric phase gate (controlled NOT gate) for the twoqubits. It is shown that when the gate voltage and the externally applied current of the dc-SQUID system satisfies anappropriate constraint condition, the charge state evolution can be controlled exactly on a dynamic phase free path. Thenon-adiabatic evolution of the charge states is given as well.
文摘We propose a method of controlling the dc-SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) system by changing the gate voltages, which controls the amplitude of the fictitious magnetic fields B-z, and the externally applied current that produces the piercing magnetic flux Phi(x) for the dc-SQUID system. We have also introduced a physical model for the dc-SQUID system. Using this physical model, one can obtain the non-adiabatic geometric phase gate for the single qubit and the non-adiabatic conditional geometric phase gate (controlled NOT gate) for the two qubits. It is shown that when the gate voltage and the externally applied current of the dc-SQUID system satisfies an appropriate constraint condition, the charge state evolution can be controlled exactly on a dynamic phase free path. The non-adiabatic evolution of the charge states is given as well.
文摘In this article the inherent computational power of the quantum entangled cluster states examined by measurement-based quantum computations is studied. By defining a common framework of rules for measurement of quantum entangled cluster states based on classical computations, the precise and detailed meaning of the computing power of the correlations in the quantum cluster states is made. This study exposes a connection, arousing interest, between the infringement of the realistic models that are local and the computing power of the quantum entangled cluster states.
文摘Three recent breakthroughs due to AI in arts and science serve as motivation:An award winning digital image,protein folding,fast matrix multiplication.Many recent developments in artificial neural networks,particularly deep learning(DL),applied and relevant to computational mechanics(solid,fluids,finite-element technology)are reviewed in detail.Both hybrid and pure machine learning(ML)methods are discussed.Hybrid methods combine traditional PDE discretizations with ML methods either(1)to help model complex nonlinear constitutive relations,(2)to nonlinearly reduce the model order for efficient simulation(turbulence),or(3)to accelerate the simulation by predicting certain components in the traditional integration methods.Here,methods(1)and(2)relied on Long-Short-Term Memory(LSTM)architecture,with method(3)relying on convolutional neural networks.Pure ML methods to solve(nonlinear)PDEs are represented by Physics-Informed Neural network(PINN)methods,which could be combined with attention mechanism to address discontinuous solutions.Both LSTM and attention architectures,together with modern and generalized classic optimizers to include stochasticity for DL networks,are extensively reviewed.Kernel machines,including Gaussian processes,are provided to sufficient depth for more advanced works such as shallow networks with infinite width.Not only addressing experts,readers are assumed familiar with computational mechanics,but not with DL,whose concepts and applications are built up from the basics,aiming at bringing first-time learners quickly to the forefront of research.History and limitations of AI are recounted and discussed,with particular attention at pointing out misstatements or misconceptions of the classics,even in well-known references.Positioning and pointing control of a large-deformable beam is given as an example.
基金Project supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2020B0303030002)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0670000)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4404904).
文摘High-quality entangling gates are crucial for scalable quantum information processing.Implementing all-microwave two-qubit gates on fixed-frequency transmons offers advantages in reducing wiring complexity,but the gate performance is often limited due to the residual ZZ interaction and the frequency crowding problem.Here,we introduce a novel scheme that enables a microwave drive-activated CZ gate compatible with the coupler structure to suppress the residual ZZ interaction.The microwave drive is applied to the coupler and the microwave drive frequency remains far detuned from the system’s transition frequency to alleviate the frequency crowding problem.We model the gate process analytically and demonstrate a theoretical gate fidelity up to 99.9%numerically.Our scheme is compatible with current coupler-structure-based circuits,and insensitive to microwave crosstalk,showing a possible path for all-microwave quantum operations at scale.
基金supported by the NSFC(12474071)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024YQ051)+5 种基金Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits(SKLJC-K2024-12)the Shanghai Sailing Program(23YF1402200,23YF1402400)Funded by Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(BK20240424)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(tsqn202408006)Young Talent of Lifting engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,China(SDAST2024QTB002)the Qilu Young Scholar Program of Shandong University.
文摘As an emerging memory device,memristor shows great potential in neuromorphic computing applications due to its advantage of low power consumption.This review paper focuses on the application of low-power-based memristors in various aspects.The concept and structure of memristor devices are introduced.The selection of functional materials for low-power memristors is discussed,including ion transport materials,phase change materials,magnetoresistive materials,and ferroelectric materials.Two common types of memristor arrays,1T1R and 1S1R crossbar arrays are introduced,and physical diagrams of edge computing memristor chips are discussed in detail.Potential applications of low-power memristors in advanced multi-value storage,digital logic gates,and analogue neuromorphic computing are summarized.Furthermore,the future challenges and outlook of neuromorphic computing based on memristor are deeply discussed.
文摘Trapped ion hardware has made significant progress recently and is now one of the leading platforms for quantum computing.To construct two-qubit gates in trapped ions,experimentalmanipulation approaches for ion chains are becoming increasingly prevalent.Given the restricted control technology,how implementing high-fidelity quantum gate operations is crucial.Many works in current pulse design optimization focus on ion–phonon and effective ion–ion couplings while ignoring the first-order derivative terms expansion impacts of these two terms brought on by experiment defects.This paper proposes a novel robust quantum control optimization method in trapped ions.By introducing the first-order derivative terms caused by the error into the optimization cost function,we generate an extremely robust Mølmer–Sørensen gate with infidelity below 10^(−3) under a drift noise range of±10 kHz,the relative robustness achieves a tolerance of±5%,compared to the 200-kHz frequency spacing between phonon modes,and for time noise drift,the tolerance reached to 2%.Our work reveals the vital role of the first-order derivative terms of coupling in trapped ion pulse control optimization,especially the first-order derivative terms of ion–ion coupling.It provides a robust optimization scheme for realizing more efficient entangled states in trapped ion platforms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12441502,12122506,12204230,and 12404554)the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2024ZD0300404)+6 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2021B1515020070)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.RCYX20200714114522109)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF)(2024M762114)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20231727)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92165206 and 11974330)Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301603)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘We present a robust quantum optimal control framework for implementing fast entangling gates on ion-trap quantum processors.The framework leverages tailored laser pulses to drive the multiple vibrational sidebands of the ions to create phonon-mediated entangling gates and,unlike the state of the art,requires neither weakcoupling Lamb-Dicke approximation nor perturbation treatment.With the application of gradient-based optimal control,it enables finding amplitude-and phase-modulated laser control protocols that work without the Lamb-Dicke approximation,promising gate speeds on the order of microseconds comparable to the characteristic trap frequencies.Also,robustness requirements on the temperature of the ions and initial optical phase can be conveniently included to pursue high-quality fast gates against experimental imperfections.Our approach represents a step in speeding up quantum gates to achieve larger quantum circuits for quantum computation and simulation,and thus can find applications in near-future experiments.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Projects of China(Grant No.2022YFA1204100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62488201)+1 种基金CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-003)the Innovation Program of Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0302700)。
文摘As a typical in-memory computing hardware design, nonvolatile ternary content-addressable memories(TCAMs) enable the logic operation and data storage for high throughout in parallel big data processing. However,TCAM cells based on conventional silicon-based devices suffer from structural complexity and large footprintlimitations. Here, we demonstrate an ultrafast nonvolatile TCAM cell based on the MoTe2/hBN/multilayergraphene (MLG) van der Waals heterostructure using a top-gated partial floating-gate field-effect transistor(PFGFET) architecture. Based on its ambipolar transport properties, the carrier type in the source/drain andcentral channel regions of the MoTe2 channel can be efficiently tuned by the control gate and top gate, respectively,enabling the reconfigurable operation of the device in either memory or FET mode. When working inthe memory mode, it achieves an ultrafast 60 ns programming/erase speed with a current on-off ratio of ∼105,excellent retention capability, and robust endurance. When serving as a reconfigurable transistor, unipolar p-typeand n-type FETs are obtained by adopting ultrafast 60 ns control-gate voltage pulses with different polarities.The monolithic integration of memory and logic within a single device enables the content-addressable memory(CAM) functionality. Finally, by integrating two PFGFETs in parallel, a TCAM cell with a high current ratioof ∼10^(5) between the match and mismatch states is achieved without requiring additional peripheral circuitry.These results provide a promising route for the design of high-performance TCAM devices for future in-memorycomputing applications.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.24DP2600202)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFB4504002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92165107)。
文摘For the quantum error correction and noisy intermediate-scale quantum algorithms to function with high efficiency,the raw fidelity of quantum logic gates on physical qubits needs to satisfy strict requirements.The neutral atom quantum computing equipped with Rydberg blockade gates has made impressive progress recently,which makes it worthwhile to explore its potential in the two-qubit entangling gates,including the controlledphase gate,and in particular,the CZ gate.Provided the quantum coherence is well preserved,improving the fidelity of Rydberg blockade gates calls for special mechanisms to deal with adverse effects caused by realistic experimental conditions.Here,the heralded very-high-fidelity Rydberg blockade controlled-phase gate is designed to address these issues,which contains self-correction and projection as the key steps.This trailblazing method builds upon the previously established buffer-atom-mediated gate framework,with a special form of symmetry under parity–time transformation playing a crucial role in the process.We further analyze the performance with respect to a few typical sources of imperfections.This procedure can also be regarded as quantum hardware error correction or mitigation.While this paper by itself does not cover every single subtle issue and still contains many oversimplifications,we find it reasonable to anticipate a very-high-fidelity two-qubit quantum logic gate operated in the sense of heralded but probabilistic,whose gate error can be reduced to the level of 10^(-4)–10^(-6)or even lower with reasonably high possibilities.
