Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive com...Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids,which influence multiple biological pathways.This review aims to summarise and critically analyse recent findings on the pharmacological properties of Passiflora incarnata L.,focusing on its neuropsychiatric,antioxidant,antimicrobial,and anticancer activities.A targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed publications between 2000 to 2025.Relevant articles were screened,and a more appropriate article related to the objective of the review was selected.Some classical papers are also cited as per the requirement of the topic.Passiflora incarnata L.showed multifunctional medicinal properties with various applications in neuropsychiatry,oxidative stress management,antimicrobial agent,and as an anticancer agent.The U.S.Food and Drug Administration categorizes passionflower extracts as“generally recognized as safe”.However,most evidence remains preclinical,with methodological variation limiting generalisation.Standardised formulation,robust clinical trials,and in-depth in vivo studies are essential to establish its therapeutic relevance and safety in modern medicine.展开更多
Achillea species are known for their healing properties since ancient times.There is extensive literature on their pharmacological action due to their bioactive compounds.The present study aimed to investigate the ant...Achillea species are known for their healing properties since ancient times.There is extensive literature on their pharmacological action due to their bioactive compounds.The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of hydroalcoholic extracts from the inflorescences and leaves of the species Achillea crithmifolia Waldst.and Kit.,A.grandifolia Friv.and A.millefolium L.The phytochemical profiles of all extracts were evaluated both by NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS analysis,and the results were consistent with the spectrophotometrically determined total phenolic(TP:125.42-191.98 mg/g)and total flavonoid(TF:47.34-180.02 mg/g)contents.All the extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS•+radical scavenging assay,as well as ferrous ion chelating ability and reducing power tests.All the extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity,compared to the reference substance BHT.Additionally,the antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated against major food-borne pathogens,showing moderate antimicrobial effects.展开更多
Ruscogenin,a steroidal sapogenin,is primarily derived from the genus Ruscus.It demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological actions that hold substantial promise for therapeutic use.By conducting a comprehensive exami...Ruscogenin,a steroidal sapogenin,is primarily derived from the genus Ruscus.It demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological actions that hold substantial promise for therapeutic use.By conducting a comprehensive examination of electronic databases including PubMed,ScienceDirect,and SciFinder,we identified studies on ruscogenin to date.This review aims at emphasizing the findings related to the bioactivities of ruscogenin,particularly its protective activities in neurological and inflammatory disorders,hemorrhoids,and cancer.Ruscogenin has been demonstrated to possess anti-ulcer,anti-osteoporotic,and skin-lightening properties as a therapeutic agent.It has also been proven effective in managing metabolic disorders by reducing inflammation and improving lipid metabolism,particularly in conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetic nephropathy.Reports indicate that it can prevent acute lung injury by protecting pulmonary endothelial cells from apoptosis and modulating inflammatory cytokines.Additionally,ruscogenin promotes neurological recovery by mitigating oxidative stress.It also shows anti-cancer properties,leading to apoptosis and hindering metastasis,particularly in pancreatic and hepatocellular carcinoma.This review summarizes the potential medical applications of ruscogenin and underscores the need for further research on its mechanisms of action.展开更多
Panax notoginseng(P.notoginseng),a valuable traditional Chinese medicine,is the dried root of plants in Acanthopanax gracilistylus family,with the effect of dispersing blood stasis,eliminating swelling and relieving p...Panax notoginseng(P.notoginseng),a valuable traditional Chinese medicine,is the dried root of plants in Acanthopanax gracilistylus family,with the effect of dispersing blood stasis,eliminating swelling and relieving pain.With the development of modern medicine,the active ingredients and mechanisms of P.notoginseng have been gradually revealed.The present paper systematically reviews the chemical composition and biological activities of P.nologinseng,to provide a scientific basis and reference for detailed research on P.nologinseng.展开更多
Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.(A.macrocephala)is a medicinal and edible plant species belonging to the Compositae family.Its rhizome serves both therapeutic and nutritional purposes in China.This investigation led t...Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.(A.macrocephala)is a medicinal and edible plant species belonging to the Compositae family.Its rhizome serves both therapeutic and nutritional purposes in China.This investigation led to the isolation of thirteen novel rearranged 9(8→7)-abeo-eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid dimers(SDs),atramacronins A-M(1-13),three eudesmane-type SDs,atramacronins N-P(14-16),and two previously identified meroterpenoids,atrachinenin G(17)and atrachineninΙ(18),from Atractylodes macrocephala.Structure elucidation was accomplished through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Compounds 1,4-7,9,and 10 exhibited notable cytotoxicity against Hep3B,HepG2,and Huh7 cell lines,with half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))values ranging from 3.71 to 13.99μmol·L^(-1).展开更多
Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climb...Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climbing,the heat left her drenched in sweat,making her feel very cold.By midday,the temperature was approaching 20℃,and her heavy jacket had to be tied around her waist,becoming a burden during her hike.This outdoor adventure allowed her to appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also subjected her to repeated changes in temperature.展开更多
Plantago major L.,commonly known as plantain,waybread,or dooryard plantain,is a versatile medicinal plant with multiple therapeutic applications.Traditionally,various parts of the plant have been formulated into syrup...Plantago major L.,commonly known as plantain,waybread,or dooryard plantain,is a versatile medicinal plant with multiple therapeutic applications.Traditionally,various parts of the plant have been formulated into syrups,drops,ointments,vaginal suppositories,gargles,and roasted preparations to treat diverse ailments,such as liver disorders,earaches,epilepsy,asthma,stomachaches,diarrhea,constipation,polymenorrhea,and uterine disorders.The plant contains clinically valuable bioactive compounds,including polysaccharides,flavonoids,lipids,iridoid glycosides,caffeic acid derivatives,terpenoids,alkaloids,and organic acids.These bioactive constituents are the primary contributors to the plant’s broad spectrum of biological activities,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,antidiarrheal,hepatoprotective,antiviral,antiphage,antinociceptive,antiulcerogenic,antigenotoxic,and immunomodulatory effects of the plant.This review comprehensively summarizes the phytochemical composition,traditional medicinal applications,and biological properties of this multifunctional medicinal plant.展开更多
Penicine A(1),a meroterpenoid featuring a novel 3/5/6/6/11/6/6 polycyclic backbone,together with two new metabolites,penicines B(2)and C(4),and six known compounds,were isolated from the mangrove rhizosphere soil-deri...Penicine A(1),a meroterpenoid featuring a novel 3/5/6/6/11/6/6 polycyclic backbone,together with two new metabolites,penicines B(2)and C(4),and six known compounds,were isolated from the mangrove rhizosphere soil-derived fungus Penicillium brefeldianum SMU03.The structures of these metabolites were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis combined with quantum chemical calculations.Notably,1 exhibits a highly unusual molecular architecture,incorporating a dioxaspiro[4.5]decane motif and a rare bridgehead double bond(anti-Bredt system).A plausible biosynthetic pathway,involving sequential intermolecular[4+2]cycloaddition reactions,is proposed.Additionally,meroterpenoids 1 and 3 demonstrate significant antifibrotic activity in transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)-induced human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells.展开更多
To address the deficiencies in comprehensive surface contamination prevention strategies within China's nitrate-affected regions,this research innovatively proposes the DITAPH model-a systematic framework integrat...To address the deficiencies in comprehensive surface contamination prevention strategies within China's nitrate-affected regions,this research innovatively proposes the DITAPH model-a systematic framework integrating groundwater nitrate vulnerability assessment and Nitrate Vulnerable Zones(NVZs)delineation through optimization of hydrogeological parameters.Based on detailed hydrogeological and hydrochemical investigations,the DITAPH model was applied in the plain areas of Quanzhou to evaluate its applicability.The model selected hydrogeological parameters(depth of groundwater,lithology of the vadose zone,topographic slope,aquifer water yield property),one climatic parameter(precipitation),and two anthropogenic parameters(land use type and population density)as assessment indicators.The results of the groundwater nitrate vulnerability assessment showed that the low,relatively low,relatively high,and high groundwater nitrate vulnerability zones in the study area accounted for 5.96%,35.44%,53.74%and 4.86%of the total area,respectively.Groundwater nitrate vulnerability was most strongly influenced by human activities,followed by groundwater depth and topographic slope.The high vulnerability zone is mainly affected by domestic and industrial wastewater,whereas the relatively high groundwater nitrate vulnerability zone is primarily influenced by agricultural activities.Validation of the DITAPH model revealed a significant positive correlation between the DITAPH index(DI)and nitrate concentration(ρ(NO3−)).The results of the NVZs delineated by the DITAPH model are reliable and can serve as a tool for water resource management planning,guiding the development of targeted measures in the NVZs to prevent groundwater contamination.展开更多
Human activities have significantly impacted the land surface temperature(LST),endangering human health;however,the relationship between these two factors has not been adequately quantified.This study comprehensively ...Human activities have significantly impacted the land surface temperature(LST),endangering human health;however,the relationship between these two factors has not been adequately quantified.This study comprehensively constructs a Human Activity Intensity(HAI)index and employs the Maximal Information Coefficient,four-quadrant model,and XGBoostSHAP model to investigate the spatiotemporal relationship and influencing factors of HAI-LST in the Yellow River Basin(YRB)from 2000 to 2020.The results indicated that from 2000 to 2020,as HAI and LST increased,the static HAI-LST relationship in the YRB showed a positive correlation that continued to strengthen.This dynamic relationship exhibited conflicting development,with the proportion of coordinated to conflicting regions shifting from 1:4 to 1:2,indicating a reduction in conflict intensity.Notably,only the degree of conflict in the source area decreased significantly,whereas it intensified in the upper and lower reaches.The key factors influencing the HAI-LST relationship include fractional vegetation cover,slope,precipitation,and evapotranspiration,along with region-specific factors such as PM_(2.5),biodiversity,and elevation.Based on these findings,region-specific ecological management strategies have been proposed to mitigate conflict-prone areas and alleviate thermal stress,thereby providing important guidance for promoting harmonious development between humans and nature.展开更多
Introduction:The choice is no longer whether—but when and how!Today,organizations can no longer choose whether or not to engage with stakeholders;the only real decision is when and how to do it successfully.Engaging ...Introduction:The choice is no longer whether—but when and how!Today,organizations can no longer choose whether or not to engage with stakeholders;the only real decision is when and how to do it successfully.Engaging stakeholders is essential for any type of organization,public,private,or civil society.In fact,it is a fundamental part of effective governance,continuous improvement,and social responsibility.The principle behind stakeholder engagement is simple yet powerful:those who can influence or be affected by an organization's mission must be given the opportunity to express their views and contribute to shaping the decisions that impact them.展开更多
Prevention of biological invasion requires understanding how alien species invade native communities.Although studies have identified mechanisms that underlie plant invasion in some habitats,limited attention has focu...Prevention of biological invasion requires understanding how alien species invade native communities.Although studies have identified mechanisms that underlie plant invasion in some habitats,limited attention has focused on invasion patterns along elevational gradients.In this study,we asked which factors drive the global and regional distribution of the invasive plant Galinsoga quadriradiata along elevational gradients.To answer this question,we examined whether human activities(i.e.,roads)promote G.quadriradiata invasion,how seed dispersal-related traits of G.quadriradiata change along elevation gradients,and whether G.quadriradiata has adapted to high-elevation environments through phenotypic plasticity or genetic variation.On the global scale,we found that human activities and road density positively contribute to the G.quadriradiata expansion in mountainous areas.Field surveys in China revealed significant elevational differences in the seed dispersal traits of G.quadriradiata,with higher-elevation populations exhibiting lower dispersal ability and generally lower genetic diversity.Under common conditions,high-elevation populations showed higher leaf mass ratio but lower root mass ratio and reproductive allocation.This suggests that high-elevation environments create a barrier to dispersal for G.quadriradiata,and that G.quadriradiata has adapted phenotypically to these conditions.Our study indicates that the elevational invasion pattern of G.quadriradiata is shaped by multiple factors,particularly human activities and phenotypic adaptability.In addition,our finding that G.quadriradiata invasion at high elevations is not constrained by low genetic diversity indicates that monitoring and management of G.quadriradiata in mountainous areas should be strengthened.展开更多
The combined effects of macronutrients(Nitrogen,Phosphorus,and Potassium-N,P,K)and micronutrient fertilization on turmeric yield,soil enzymatic activity,microbial biomass,and nutrient dynamics remains poorly understoo...The combined effects of macronutrients(Nitrogen,Phosphorus,and Potassium-N,P,K)and micronutrient fertilization on turmeric yield,soil enzymatic activity,microbial biomass,and nutrient dynamics remains poorly understood,despite their significance for sustainable soil fertility management and optimizing crop productivity across diverse agroecosystems.To investigate,a net house experiment on sandy loam Haplic Chernozem was conducted to 03 fertilizer regimes,viz.N_(75)P_(50)K_(50)kg ha^(−1)(T-2),N_(12)5P_(100)K_(100)kg ha^(−1)(T-3),and N_(100)P_(75)K_(75)+B_(3)Zn_(6)Fe_(6)kg ha^(−1)(T-4).Furthermore,the influence of these treatments was systematically assessed on soil nutrient status(N,P,K),enzymatic activities(alkaline phosphomonoesterase,dehydrogenase,fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis),microbial biomass carbon(MBC)and soil organic carbon(SOC).Balanced fertilization significantly turmeric productivity and soil health.All three fertilizer treatments showed a clear yield increase compared to the unfertilized control.Compared to the control,N_(75)P_(50)K_(50)kg/ha T-2 increased rhizome number and biomass per plant by 44.7%and 16.3%,respectively,while N_(100)P_(75)K_(75)+B_(3)Zn_(6)Fe_(6)kg/ha T-4 further enhanced them by 86.6%and 27.7%.T-3 produced the most significant yield response by increasing the rhizome biomass by 38.0%and rhizome number per plant by 100%compared to the control.The nutrient availability was also substantially improved.T-2 enhanced the soil nitrogen contents by 83.3%with maximum N levels observed in T-3&T-4.Phosphorus increased by 61.5%in T-3 and 37.3%in T-4,while potassium was enhanced by 12.9%in T-3 relative to the control,respectively.Enzymatic activities were markedly enhanced as T-3 was recorded to improve alkaline phosphomonoesterase(APA),dehydrogenase(DHA)and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis(FDA)by 50.6%,37.4%,and 43.4%,where T-4 increased by 32.2%,30.9%,and 35.9%,respectively compared to control.MBC and SOC also rose significantly,with SOC increased by 13.8%(T-2),41.6%(T-3),and 47.2%(T-3)relative to control.The result of this study demonstrates that the integrated macroµnutrient fertilization,particularly T-37 T-4 treatments,sustainably enhanced turmeric yield,soil nutrient availability,enzyme activity,microbial biomass,and organic carbon.These findings highlight the critical role of balanced nutrient management in sustaining soil fertility and crop productivity across agroecosystems.展开更多
Hyperactivation of DNA repairing pathway is highly associated with the chemosensitivity and chemoresistance of cancer cells.In this manuscript,guided by cascaded one strain many compounds-global natural products socia...Hyperactivation of DNA repairing pathway is highly associated with the chemosensitivity and chemoresistance of cancer cells.In this manuscript,guided by cascaded one strain many compounds-global natural products social molecular networking(OSMAC-GNPS)strategy,a pair of epimeric environmental-induced metabolites were isolated from Aspergillus sp.EGF 15-0-3.Structurally,sterpiperazines A(1)and B(2)represent the first steroid-based indole alkaloids with unprecedented backbones.Biologically,compound 1 could be identified as a novel tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1(Tdp1)inhibitor with a unique mechanism distinct from the reported modulators,and was able to significantly enhance the sensitivity of NCI-H460 cells to the clinic chemotherapeutic drug through inhibiting the DNA repairment and enhanced the DNA damage of cancer cells.展开更多
The potent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is primarily attributed to the release of silver ions,which disrupt cell membranes and inactivate essential enzymes through Ag−S bonding formation.[Objective]T...The potent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is primarily attributed to the release of silver ions,which disrupt cell membranes and inactivate essential enzymes through Ag−S bonding formation.[Objective]To explore silver ion immobilization to minimize silver release.[Methods]A macrocyclic cryptand with nitrogen bridgeheads was prepared and subsequently chelated with silver ions to produce Cage silver(I),which was then coordinated with different ratios of sulfonated chitosan(SCS)to form SCS/Cage Ag(I)complexes(SCA1,SCA2,and SCA3).The antioxidant activities of the complexes were assessed by reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays.The antibacterial activities of the complexes were evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)and minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs)against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the inhibition rate on biofilm formation.[Results]Cage silver(I)exhibited strong antibacterial activity,with the MIC of 0.015 mg/mL and MBC of 0.031 mg/mL against S.aureus ATCC 6538,and the MIC of 0.031 mg/mL and MBC of 0.120 mg/mL against E.coli O157:H7.Significant antioxidant properties of Cage silver(I)were also observed,as demonstrated by the DPPH free radical scavenging rates of 42.2%and 53.1%at 326 nm and 517 nm,respectively.Cage silver(I)exhibited the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activities,followed by SCA1,SCA2,SCA3,and SCS,because the content of silver ions in Cage silver(I)was 10-fold higher than that in SCA1.The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of SCA1 were better than those of Cage silver(I),which further indicated that the sulfonic groups of SCS may intensely coordinate with silver ions to exert synergistic effects.[Conclusion]Combining the merits of silver ions and SCS improves the bioavailability of the agent at microbicidal concentrations,minimizes the accumulation in the environment,and reduces treatment costs.The method developed herein offers a sustainable approach to enhance microbial control while minimizing the impact on the environment.展开更多
To explore the potential utilization of Elaeagnus mollis,we conducted a comprehensive assessment of its phytochemical composition,antioxidant properties,cholinesterase inhibition,and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation acti...To explore the potential utilization of Elaeagnus mollis,we conducted a comprehensive assessment of its phytochemical composition,antioxidant properties,cholinesterase inhibition,and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation activity across different plant parts(branch wood,branch bark,and pericarp)using various solvents(water,methanol,ethanol,and n-hexane).Our findings revealed that water extracts displayed superior antioxidant activities in ABTS and RP assays,while methanol extracts exhibited better performance in DPPH and FRAP assays.Moreover,methanol extracts demonstrated the highest effectiveness against anti-HepG2 cell proliferation,whereas n-hexane extracts showed greater efficiency in cholinesterase inhibition.Notably,branch bark extracts exhibited the highest levels of phytochemical compounds,with both branch bark and pericarp extracts demonstrating significant effects in cholinesterase inhibition and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation.Correlation analysis indicated that phytochemical compounds were primarily responsible for the observed biological activities.Overall,extracts from the branch bark and pericarp of E.mollis showed promising potential for antioxidant and anticancer activities,suggesting their suitability for applications in the pharmaceutical industry as health-promoting products.展开更多
Carbon fluxes are essential indicators assessing vegetation carbon cycle functions.However,the extent and mechanisms by which climate change and human activities influence the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon fluxes ...Carbon fluxes are essential indicators assessing vegetation carbon cycle functions.However,the extent and mechanisms by which climate change and human activities influence the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon fluxes in arid oasis and non-oasis area remains unclear.Here,we assessed and predicted the future effects of climate change and human activities on carbon fluxes in the Hexi Corridor.The results showed that the annual average gross primary productivity(GPP),net ecosystem productivity(NEP),and ecosystem respiration(Reco)in the Hexi Corridor oasis increased by 263.91 g C·m^(-2)·yr^(-1),118.45 g C·m^(-2)·yr^(-1)and 122.46 g C·m^(-2)·yr^(-1),respectively,due to the expansion of the oasis area by 3424.84 km^(2) caused by human activities from 2000 to 2022.Both oasis and non-oasis arid ecosystems in the Hexi Corridor acted as carbon sinks.Compared to the non-oasis area,the carbon fluxes contributions of oasis area increased,ranging from 10.21%to 13.99%for GPP,8.50%to11.68%for NEP,and 13.34%to 17.13%for Reco.The contribution of the carbon flux from the oasis expansion area to the total carbon flux change in the Hexi Corridor was 30.96%(7.09 Tg C yr^(-1))for GPP,29.57%(3.39 Tg C yr^(-1))for NEP and 32.40%(3.58 Tg C yr^(-1))for Reco.The changes in carbon fluxes in the oasis area were mainly attributed to human activities(oasis expansion)and temperature,whereas non-oasis area was mainly due to climate factors.Moreover,the future increasing trends were observed for GPP(64.99%),NEP(66.29%)and Reco(82.08%)in the Hexi Corridor.This study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of carbon cycle in the arid oasis and non-oasis area.展开更多
Impairments on body function,activities of daily living(ADL)and cognition are common after stroke.Eccentric resistance training(ERT)may be implemented to improve them.The primary objectives were to evaluate whether ER...Impairments on body function,activities of daily living(ADL)and cognition are common after stroke.Eccentric resistance training(ERT)may be implemented to improve them.The primary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves body function,ADL and cognition after stroke.The secondary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves strength,gait,quality of life,and self-perceived health.Seven electronic databases were searched:Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register,PubMed,Epistemonikos,Embase,SPORTDiscus,and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.Last search was run in December 2023,including studies since 2012.Selection criteria were studies with stroke participants of both sexes,aged 18 or more,with an intervention based on ERT.Accepted languages were English,Spanish or French.First search was done in pairs.Authors removed duplicate studies and those which did not meet inclusion criteria through title and abstracts.Finally,all authors,independently,screened the final search results and extracted data.Of 68 records identified,15 were eligible and 6 were finally included(with moderate risk of bias),analyzing 159 participants.Body function(4 interventions,n=84),gait(4 interventions,n=115)and strength(3 interventions,n?78)showed significantly better results when ERT was performed.Meta-analysis could not be done because of the few studies and their heterogeneity.This review provided low-moderate quality evidence suggesting that ERT might be effective at improving body function,strength,and gait after stroke.Besides,no harm was documented,and it was well-accepted.展开更多
Background:This study investigated the phenolic profile,antioxidant capacity,antibacterial effect,and antihemolytic activity of nettle leaves from two understudied Algerian species,Urtica pilulifera and Urtica urens.M...Background:This study investigated the phenolic profile,antioxidant capacity,antibacterial effect,and antihemolytic activity of nettle leaves from two understudied Algerian species,Urtica pilulifera and Urtica urens.Methods:Urtica pilulifera and Urtica urens leaves extracts were prepared by maceration using methanol and distilled water respectively.Their phytochemical analysis(total phenolic content,flavonoids,hydrolysable and condensed tannins)was determined.The chemical profle of these extracts was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection tandem mass spectrometry.Antioxidant activity(using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging method),antibacterial activity(using disk diffusion method),and antihemolytic activity were carried out.Results:Results reveal high levels of flavonoids,tannins,alkaloids,and terpenoids.Several classes of compounds were identified in the extracts.Phenolic acid and other acids and their derivatives and flavonoids were detected in the extracts,with 4-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid and 5-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid being the main constituents in both extracts.Caffeic acid was also the main constituent present only in U.urens extract.For antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of U.pilulifera and the aqueous extract of U.urens,the percentage inhibition value(82.76%and 59.06%)and the half-maximum inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))value(302 and 423μg/mL),respectively,were obtained.Antibacterial activity of nettle extracts(10 mg/mL)demonstrated the sensitivity of pathogenic strain susceptibility.The strongest antibacterial effect on tested strains was found in the aqueous extract of U.urens against Staphylococcus aureus(21±0.41 mm)compared to the methanolic extract of U.pilulifera(16±0.40 mm).The antihemolytic activity in the methanolic and aqueous extracts was 76.26%and 60.67%,respectively.The methanolic extract exhibited exceptional antihemolytic effect,with an IC_(50)value of 327μg/mL,whereas the aqueous extract had an IC_(50)value of 412μg/mL.Conclusions:The study confirms the presence of bioactive substances in the nettle species,including flavonoids and tannins,which possess antioxidant,antibacterial,and antihemolytic properties,and can be processed into food and pharmaceutical products.展开更多
From the ethyl acetate extract of the medicinal plant Graptophyllum glandulosum Turrill, five known compounds: Lupeol (1), Oleanolic acid (2), Chrysoeriol (3), N-methyl-isonicotinamide (4) and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-g...From the ethyl acetate extract of the medicinal plant Graptophyllum glandulosum Turrill, five known compounds: Lupeol (1), Oleanolic acid (2), Chrysoeriol (3), N-methyl-isonicotinamide (4) and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) were isolated. In addition, oxidation reactions carried out on lupeol (1) yielded two semi-synthetic compounds, including a previously unreported: (20R)-formyloxy-29-nor-lupan-3-one (1b) and one other well-known Lupenone (1a). The structures of natural and semi-synthetic compounds were determined by analysis of 1D-(1H, 13C), 2D-(COSY, HSQC and HMBC) NMR data in conjunction with mass spectrometry (TOFESIMS and HR-TOFESIMS) and by comparison with the reported data. The evaluation of antimicrobial activities of substrate (1) as well as semi-synthetic derivatives (1a and 1b) using broth microdilution method showed that compound 1b was the most active (16 ≤ MIC ≤ 32 μg/mL) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans compared to the starting material 1 (16 ≤ MIC ≤ 64 μg/mL) and derivative 1a (32 ≤ MIC ≤ 64 μg/mL).展开更多
文摘Passiflora incarnata L.,commonly known as passionflower,is traditionally cultivated as an ornamental plant but has demonstrated diverse therapeutic potential.Its pharmacological effects are attributed to bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids,which influence multiple biological pathways.This review aims to summarise and critically analyse recent findings on the pharmacological properties of Passiflora incarnata L.,focusing on its neuropsychiatric,antioxidant,antimicrobial,and anticancer activities.A targeted literature search was conducted in PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed publications between 2000 to 2025.Relevant articles were screened,and a more appropriate article related to the objective of the review was selected.Some classical papers are also cited as per the requirement of the topic.Passiflora incarnata L.showed multifunctional medicinal properties with various applications in neuropsychiatry,oxidative stress management,antimicrobial agent,and as an anticancer agent.The U.S.Food and Drug Administration categorizes passionflower extracts as“generally recognized as safe”.However,most evidence remains preclinical,with methodological variation limiting generalisation.Standardised formulation,robust clinical trials,and in-depth in vivo studies are essential to establish its therapeutic relevance and safety in modern medicine.
基金supported by the Serbian Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development(Agreements No.451-03-136/2025-03/200122 and 451-03-136/2025-03/200378).
文摘Achillea species are known for their healing properties since ancient times.There is extensive literature on their pharmacological action due to their bioactive compounds.The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of hydroalcoholic extracts from the inflorescences and leaves of the species Achillea crithmifolia Waldst.and Kit.,A.grandifolia Friv.and A.millefolium L.The phytochemical profiles of all extracts were evaluated both by NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS analysis,and the results were consistent with the spectrophotometrically determined total phenolic(TP:125.42-191.98 mg/g)and total flavonoid(TF:47.34-180.02 mg/g)contents.All the extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS•+radical scavenging assay,as well as ferrous ion chelating ability and reducing power tests.All the extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity,compared to the reference substance BHT.Additionally,the antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated against major food-borne pathogens,showing moderate antimicrobial effects.
文摘Ruscogenin,a steroidal sapogenin,is primarily derived from the genus Ruscus.It demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological actions that hold substantial promise for therapeutic use.By conducting a comprehensive examination of electronic databases including PubMed,ScienceDirect,and SciFinder,we identified studies on ruscogenin to date.This review aims at emphasizing the findings related to the bioactivities of ruscogenin,particularly its protective activities in neurological and inflammatory disorders,hemorrhoids,and cancer.Ruscogenin has been demonstrated to possess anti-ulcer,anti-osteoporotic,and skin-lightening properties as a therapeutic agent.It has also been proven effective in managing metabolic disorders by reducing inflammation and improving lipid metabolism,particularly in conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetic nephropathy.Reports indicate that it can prevent acute lung injury by protecting pulmonary endothelial cells from apoptosis and modulating inflammatory cytokines.Additionally,ruscogenin promotes neurological recovery by mitigating oxidative stress.It also shows anti-cancer properties,leading to apoptosis and hindering metastasis,particularly in pancreatic and hepatocellular carcinoma.This review summarizes the potential medical applications of ruscogenin and underscores the need for further research on its mechanisms of action.
文摘Panax notoginseng(P.notoginseng),a valuable traditional Chinese medicine,is the dried root of plants in Acanthopanax gracilistylus family,with the effect of dispersing blood stasis,eliminating swelling and relieving pain.With the development of modern medicine,the active ingredients and mechanisms of P.notoginseng have been gradually revealed.The present paper systematically reviews the chemical composition and biological activities of P.nologinseng,to provide a scientific basis and reference for detailed research on P.nologinseng.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32470414,32100319,and 82104377)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,SWU(No.SWU-KR22052)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2022NSCQMSX0878)Chongqing Municipal Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(No.S20241063290).
文摘Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.(A.macrocephala)is a medicinal and edible plant species belonging to the Compositae family.Its rhizome serves both therapeutic and nutritional purposes in China.This investigation led to the isolation of thirteen novel rearranged 9(8→7)-abeo-eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid dimers(SDs),atramacronins A-M(1-13),three eudesmane-type SDs,atramacronins N-P(14-16),and two previously identified meroterpenoids,atrachinenin G(17)and atrachineninΙ(18),from Atractylodes macrocephala.Structure elucidation was accomplished through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Compounds 1,4-7,9,and 10 exhibited notable cytotoxicity against Hep3B,HepG2,and Huh7 cell lines,with half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))values ranging from 3.71 to 13.99μmol·L^(-1).
文摘Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climbing,the heat left her drenched in sweat,making her feel very cold.By midday,the temperature was approaching 20℃,and her heavy jacket had to be tied around her waist,becoming a burden during her hike.This outdoor adventure allowed her to appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also subjected her to repeated changes in temperature.
文摘Plantago major L.,commonly known as plantain,waybread,or dooryard plantain,is a versatile medicinal plant with multiple therapeutic applications.Traditionally,various parts of the plant have been formulated into syrups,drops,ointments,vaginal suppositories,gargles,and roasted preparations to treat diverse ailments,such as liver disorders,earaches,epilepsy,asthma,stomachaches,diarrhea,constipation,polymenorrhea,and uterine disorders.The plant contains clinically valuable bioactive compounds,including polysaccharides,flavonoids,lipids,iridoid glycosides,caffeic acid derivatives,terpenoids,alkaloids,and organic acids.These bioactive constituents are the primary contributors to the plant’s broad spectrum of biological activities,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,antidiarrheal,hepatoprotective,antiviral,antiphage,antinociceptive,antiulcerogenic,antigenotoxic,and immunomodulatory effects of the plant.This review comprehensively summarizes the phytochemical composition,traditional medicinal applications,and biological properties of this multifunctional medicinal plant.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82104039 and 82404471)Guangdong Science Foundation for Young Top-Notch Talent of Zhu-Jiang Talent Plan(No.0920220225)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2023B1515120053 and 2022A1515111026)Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Foundation(No.2024A04J2704).
文摘Penicine A(1),a meroterpenoid featuring a novel 3/5/6/6/11/6/6 polycyclic backbone,together with two new metabolites,penicines B(2)and C(4),and six known compounds,were isolated from the mangrove rhizosphere soil-derived fungus Penicillium brefeldianum SMU03.The structures of these metabolites were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis combined with quantum chemical calculations.Notably,1 exhibits a highly unusual molecular architecture,incorporating a dioxaspiro[4.5]decane motif and a rare bridgehead double bond(anti-Bredt system).A plausible biosynthetic pathway,involving sequential intermolecular[4+2]cycloaddition reactions,is proposed.Additionally,meroterpenoids 1 and 3 demonstrate significant antifibrotic activity in transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)-induced human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF1301301)the Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen Municipality(No.3502Z202472047)the Geological Survey Program of China Geological Survey(DD20190303).
文摘To address the deficiencies in comprehensive surface contamination prevention strategies within China's nitrate-affected regions,this research innovatively proposes the DITAPH model-a systematic framework integrating groundwater nitrate vulnerability assessment and Nitrate Vulnerable Zones(NVZs)delineation through optimization of hydrogeological parameters.Based on detailed hydrogeological and hydrochemical investigations,the DITAPH model was applied in the plain areas of Quanzhou to evaluate its applicability.The model selected hydrogeological parameters(depth of groundwater,lithology of the vadose zone,topographic slope,aquifer water yield property),one climatic parameter(precipitation),and two anthropogenic parameters(land use type and population density)as assessment indicators.The results of the groundwater nitrate vulnerability assessment showed that the low,relatively low,relatively high,and high groundwater nitrate vulnerability zones in the study area accounted for 5.96%,35.44%,53.74%and 4.86%of the total area,respectively.Groundwater nitrate vulnerability was most strongly influenced by human activities,followed by groundwater depth and topographic slope.The high vulnerability zone is mainly affected by domestic and industrial wastewater,whereas the relatively high groundwater nitrate vulnerability zone is primarily influenced by agricultural activities.Validation of the DITAPH model revealed a significant positive correlation between the DITAPH index(DI)and nitrate concentration(ρ(NO3−)).The results of the NVZs delineated by the DITAPH model are reliable and can serve as a tool for water resource management planning,guiding the development of targeted measures in the NVZs to prevent groundwater contamination.
基金Shanxi Province Graduate Research Practice Innovation Project,No.2023KY465Project on the Reform of Graduate Education and Teaching in Shanxi Province,No.2021YJJG146+1 种基金Research Project of Shanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau,No.22-8-14-1400-119National Key R&D Program of China,No.2021YFB3901300。
文摘Human activities have significantly impacted the land surface temperature(LST),endangering human health;however,the relationship between these two factors has not been adequately quantified.This study comprehensively constructs a Human Activity Intensity(HAI)index and employs the Maximal Information Coefficient,four-quadrant model,and XGBoostSHAP model to investigate the spatiotemporal relationship and influencing factors of HAI-LST in the Yellow River Basin(YRB)from 2000 to 2020.The results indicated that from 2000 to 2020,as HAI and LST increased,the static HAI-LST relationship in the YRB showed a positive correlation that continued to strengthen.This dynamic relationship exhibited conflicting development,with the proportion of coordinated to conflicting regions shifting from 1:4 to 1:2,indicating a reduction in conflict intensity.Notably,only the degree of conflict in the source area decreased significantly,whereas it intensified in the upper and lower reaches.The key factors influencing the HAI-LST relationship include fractional vegetation cover,slope,precipitation,and evapotranspiration,along with region-specific factors such as PM_(2.5),biodiversity,and elevation.Based on these findings,region-specific ecological management strategies have been proposed to mitigate conflict-prone areas and alleviate thermal stress,thereby providing important guidance for promoting harmonious development between humans and nature.
文摘Introduction:The choice is no longer whether—but when and how!Today,organizations can no longer choose whether or not to engage with stakeholders;the only real decision is when and how to do it successfully.Engaging stakeholders is essential for any type of organization,public,private,or civil society.In fact,it is a fundamental part of effective governance,continuous improvement,and social responsibility.The principle behind stakeholder engagement is simple yet powerful:those who can influence or be affected by an organization's mission must be given the opportunity to express their views and contribute to shaping the decisions that impact them.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271584 and 31600445)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2020JM-286)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202103072,GK202103073)the National College Students'Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program(202310718085)Special Research Project in Philosophy and Social Sciences of Shaanxi Province(2022HZ1795).
文摘Prevention of biological invasion requires understanding how alien species invade native communities.Although studies have identified mechanisms that underlie plant invasion in some habitats,limited attention has focused on invasion patterns along elevational gradients.In this study,we asked which factors drive the global and regional distribution of the invasive plant Galinsoga quadriradiata along elevational gradients.To answer this question,we examined whether human activities(i.e.,roads)promote G.quadriradiata invasion,how seed dispersal-related traits of G.quadriradiata change along elevation gradients,and whether G.quadriradiata has adapted to high-elevation environments through phenotypic plasticity or genetic variation.On the global scale,we found that human activities and road density positively contribute to the G.quadriradiata expansion in mountainous areas.Field surveys in China revealed significant elevational differences in the seed dispersal traits of G.quadriradiata,with higher-elevation populations exhibiting lower dispersal ability and generally lower genetic diversity.Under common conditions,high-elevation populations showed higher leaf mass ratio but lower root mass ratio and reproductive allocation.This suggests that high-elevation environments create a barrier to dispersal for G.quadriradiata,and that G.quadriradiata has adapted phenotypically to these conditions.Our study indicates that the elevational invasion pattern of G.quadriradiata is shaped by multiple factors,particularly human activities and phenotypic adaptability.In addition,our finding that G.quadriradiata invasion at high elevations is not constrained by low genetic diversity indicates that monitoring and management of G.quadriradiata in mountainous areas should be strengthened.
基金supported by the Department of Biotechnology,Government of India(DBT),TWAS,and the Ministry of Innovative Development of Uzbekistan。
文摘The combined effects of macronutrients(Nitrogen,Phosphorus,and Potassium-N,P,K)and micronutrient fertilization on turmeric yield,soil enzymatic activity,microbial biomass,and nutrient dynamics remains poorly understood,despite their significance for sustainable soil fertility management and optimizing crop productivity across diverse agroecosystems.To investigate,a net house experiment on sandy loam Haplic Chernozem was conducted to 03 fertilizer regimes,viz.N_(75)P_(50)K_(50)kg ha^(−1)(T-2),N_(12)5P_(100)K_(100)kg ha^(−1)(T-3),and N_(100)P_(75)K_(75)+B_(3)Zn_(6)Fe_(6)kg ha^(−1)(T-4).Furthermore,the influence of these treatments was systematically assessed on soil nutrient status(N,P,K),enzymatic activities(alkaline phosphomonoesterase,dehydrogenase,fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis),microbial biomass carbon(MBC)and soil organic carbon(SOC).Balanced fertilization significantly turmeric productivity and soil health.All three fertilizer treatments showed a clear yield increase compared to the unfertilized control.Compared to the control,N_(75)P_(50)K_(50)kg/ha T-2 increased rhizome number and biomass per plant by 44.7%and 16.3%,respectively,while N_(100)P_(75)K_(75)+B_(3)Zn_(6)Fe_(6)kg/ha T-4 further enhanced them by 86.6%and 27.7%.T-3 produced the most significant yield response by increasing the rhizome biomass by 38.0%and rhizome number per plant by 100%compared to the control.The nutrient availability was also substantially improved.T-2 enhanced the soil nitrogen contents by 83.3%with maximum N levels observed in T-3&T-4.Phosphorus increased by 61.5%in T-3 and 37.3%in T-4,while potassium was enhanced by 12.9%in T-3 relative to the control,respectively.Enzymatic activities were markedly enhanced as T-3 was recorded to improve alkaline phosphomonoesterase(APA),dehydrogenase(DHA)and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis(FDA)by 50.6%,37.4%,and 43.4%,where T-4 increased by 32.2%,30.9%,and 35.9%,respectively compared to control.MBC and SOC also rose significantly,with SOC increased by 13.8%(T-2),41.6%(T-3),and 47.2%(T-3)relative to control.The result of this study demonstrates that the integrated macroµnutrient fertilization,particularly T-37 T-4 treatments,sustainably enhanced turmeric yield,soil nutrient availability,enzyme activity,microbial biomass,and organic carbon.These findings highlight the critical role of balanced nutrient management in sustaining soil fertility and crop productivity across agroecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82273845,82304331,and 82360695)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation project(No.2023GXNSFBA026305).
文摘Hyperactivation of DNA repairing pathway is highly associated with the chemosensitivity and chemoresistance of cancer cells.In this manuscript,guided by cascaded one strain many compounds-global natural products social molecular networking(OSMAC-GNPS)strategy,a pair of epimeric environmental-induced metabolites were isolated from Aspergillus sp.EGF 15-0-3.Structurally,sterpiperazines A(1)and B(2)represent the first steroid-based indole alkaloids with unprecedented backbones.Biologically,compound 1 could be identified as a novel tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1(Tdp1)inhibitor with a unique mechanism distinct from the reported modulators,and was able to significantly enhance the sensitivity of NCI-H460 cells to the clinic chemotherapeutic drug through inhibiting the DNA repairment and enhanced the DNA damage of cancer cells.
文摘The potent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is primarily attributed to the release of silver ions,which disrupt cell membranes and inactivate essential enzymes through Ag−S bonding formation.[Objective]To explore silver ion immobilization to minimize silver release.[Methods]A macrocyclic cryptand with nitrogen bridgeheads was prepared and subsequently chelated with silver ions to produce Cage silver(I),which was then coordinated with different ratios of sulfonated chitosan(SCS)to form SCS/Cage Ag(I)complexes(SCA1,SCA2,and SCA3).The antioxidant activities of the complexes were assessed by reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays.The antibacterial activities of the complexes were evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)and minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs)against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the inhibition rate on biofilm formation.[Results]Cage silver(I)exhibited strong antibacterial activity,with the MIC of 0.015 mg/mL and MBC of 0.031 mg/mL against S.aureus ATCC 6538,and the MIC of 0.031 mg/mL and MBC of 0.120 mg/mL against E.coli O157:H7.Significant antioxidant properties of Cage silver(I)were also observed,as demonstrated by the DPPH free radical scavenging rates of 42.2%and 53.1%at 326 nm and 517 nm,respectively.Cage silver(I)exhibited the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activities,followed by SCA1,SCA2,SCA3,and SCS,because the content of silver ions in Cage silver(I)was 10-fold higher than that in SCA1.The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of SCA1 were better than those of Cage silver(I),which further indicated that the sulfonic groups of SCS may intensely coordinate with silver ions to exert synergistic effects.[Conclusion]Combining the merits of silver ions and SCS improves the bioavailability of the agent at microbicidal concentrations,minimizes the accumulation in the environment,and reduces treatment costs.The method developed herein offers a sustainable approach to enhance microbial control while minimizing the impact on the environment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31600549).
文摘To explore the potential utilization of Elaeagnus mollis,we conducted a comprehensive assessment of its phytochemical composition,antioxidant properties,cholinesterase inhibition,and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation activity across different plant parts(branch wood,branch bark,and pericarp)using various solvents(water,methanol,ethanol,and n-hexane).Our findings revealed that water extracts displayed superior antioxidant activities in ABTS and RP assays,while methanol extracts exhibited better performance in DPPH and FRAP assays.Moreover,methanol extracts demonstrated the highest effectiveness against anti-HepG2 cell proliferation,whereas n-hexane extracts showed greater efficiency in cholinesterase inhibition.Notably,branch bark extracts exhibited the highest levels of phytochemical compounds,with both branch bark and pericarp extracts demonstrating significant effects in cholinesterase inhibition and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation.Correlation analysis indicated that phytochemical compounds were primarily responsible for the observed biological activities.Overall,extracts from the branch bark and pericarp of E.mollis showed promising potential for antioxidant and anticancer activities,suggesting their suitability for applications in the pharmaceutical industry as health-promoting products.
基金The Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Gansu Province,No.22JR5RA046Key Research Program of Gansu Province,No.23ZDKA0004+2 种基金The Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U22A202690Interdisciplinary Youth Team Project from the Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering,No.CSFSE-ZQ-2408The Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS to X.W.,No.2020422。
文摘Carbon fluxes are essential indicators assessing vegetation carbon cycle functions.However,the extent and mechanisms by which climate change and human activities influence the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon fluxes in arid oasis and non-oasis area remains unclear.Here,we assessed and predicted the future effects of climate change and human activities on carbon fluxes in the Hexi Corridor.The results showed that the annual average gross primary productivity(GPP),net ecosystem productivity(NEP),and ecosystem respiration(Reco)in the Hexi Corridor oasis increased by 263.91 g C·m^(-2)·yr^(-1),118.45 g C·m^(-2)·yr^(-1)and 122.46 g C·m^(-2)·yr^(-1),respectively,due to the expansion of the oasis area by 3424.84 km^(2) caused by human activities from 2000 to 2022.Both oasis and non-oasis arid ecosystems in the Hexi Corridor acted as carbon sinks.Compared to the non-oasis area,the carbon fluxes contributions of oasis area increased,ranging from 10.21%to 13.99%for GPP,8.50%to11.68%for NEP,and 13.34%to 17.13%for Reco.The contribution of the carbon flux from the oasis expansion area to the total carbon flux change in the Hexi Corridor was 30.96%(7.09 Tg C yr^(-1))for GPP,29.57%(3.39 Tg C yr^(-1))for NEP and 32.40%(3.58 Tg C yr^(-1))for Reco.The changes in carbon fluxes in the oasis area were mainly attributed to human activities(oasis expansion)and temperature,whereas non-oasis area was mainly due to climate factors.Moreover,the future increasing trends were observed for GPP(64.99%),NEP(66.29%)and Reco(82.08%)in the Hexi Corridor.This study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of carbon cycle in the arid oasis and non-oasis area.
文摘Impairments on body function,activities of daily living(ADL)and cognition are common after stroke.Eccentric resistance training(ERT)may be implemented to improve them.The primary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves body function,ADL and cognition after stroke.The secondary objectives were to evaluate whether ERT improves strength,gait,quality of life,and self-perceived health.Seven electronic databases were searched:Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register,PubMed,Epistemonikos,Embase,SPORTDiscus,and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.Last search was run in December 2023,including studies since 2012.Selection criteria were studies with stroke participants of both sexes,aged 18 or more,with an intervention based on ERT.Accepted languages were English,Spanish or French.First search was done in pairs.Authors removed duplicate studies and those which did not meet inclusion criteria through title and abstracts.Finally,all authors,independently,screened the final search results and extracted data.Of 68 records identified,15 were eligible and 6 were finally included(with moderate risk of bias),analyzing 159 participants.Body function(4 interventions,n=84),gait(4 interventions,n=115)and strength(3 interventions,n?78)showed significantly better results when ERT was performed.Meta-analysis could not be done because of the few studies and their heterogeneity.This review provided low-moderate quality evidence suggesting that ERT might be effective at improving body function,strength,and gait after stroke.Besides,no harm was documented,and it was well-accepted.
基金Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovations of the Republic of Serbia,Grant/Award Number:451-03-137/2025-03/200133。
文摘Background:This study investigated the phenolic profile,antioxidant capacity,antibacterial effect,and antihemolytic activity of nettle leaves from two understudied Algerian species,Urtica pilulifera and Urtica urens.Methods:Urtica pilulifera and Urtica urens leaves extracts were prepared by maceration using methanol and distilled water respectively.Their phytochemical analysis(total phenolic content,flavonoids,hydrolysable and condensed tannins)was determined.The chemical profle of these extracts was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection tandem mass spectrometry.Antioxidant activity(using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging method),antibacterial activity(using disk diffusion method),and antihemolytic activity were carried out.Results:Results reveal high levels of flavonoids,tannins,alkaloids,and terpenoids.Several classes of compounds were identified in the extracts.Phenolic acid and other acids and their derivatives and flavonoids were detected in the extracts,with 4-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid and 5-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid being the main constituents in both extracts.Caffeic acid was also the main constituent present only in U.urens extract.For antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of U.pilulifera and the aqueous extract of U.urens,the percentage inhibition value(82.76%and 59.06%)and the half-maximum inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))value(302 and 423μg/mL),respectively,were obtained.Antibacterial activity of nettle extracts(10 mg/mL)demonstrated the sensitivity of pathogenic strain susceptibility.The strongest antibacterial effect on tested strains was found in the aqueous extract of U.urens against Staphylococcus aureus(21±0.41 mm)compared to the methanolic extract of U.pilulifera(16±0.40 mm).The antihemolytic activity in the methanolic and aqueous extracts was 76.26%and 60.67%,respectively.The methanolic extract exhibited exceptional antihemolytic effect,with an IC_(50)value of 327μg/mL,whereas the aqueous extract had an IC_(50)value of 412μg/mL.Conclusions:The study confirms the presence of bioactive substances in the nettle species,including flavonoids and tannins,which possess antioxidant,antibacterial,and antihemolytic properties,and can be processed into food and pharmaceutical products.
文摘From the ethyl acetate extract of the medicinal plant Graptophyllum glandulosum Turrill, five known compounds: Lupeol (1), Oleanolic acid (2), Chrysoeriol (3), N-methyl-isonicotinamide (4) and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) were isolated. In addition, oxidation reactions carried out on lupeol (1) yielded two semi-synthetic compounds, including a previously unreported: (20R)-formyloxy-29-nor-lupan-3-one (1b) and one other well-known Lupenone (1a). The structures of natural and semi-synthetic compounds were determined by analysis of 1D-(1H, 13C), 2D-(COSY, HSQC and HMBC) NMR data in conjunction with mass spectrometry (TOFESIMS and HR-TOFESIMS) and by comparison with the reported data. The evaluation of antimicrobial activities of substrate (1) as well as semi-synthetic derivatives (1a and 1b) using broth microdilution method showed that compound 1b was the most active (16 ≤ MIC ≤ 32 μg/mL) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans compared to the starting material 1 (16 ≤ MIC ≤ 64 μg/mL) and derivative 1a (32 ≤ MIC ≤ 64 μg/mL).
