The polarization properties of light are widely applied in imaging,communications,materials analy⁃sis,and life sciences.Various methods have been developed that can measure the polarization information of a target.How...The polarization properties of light are widely applied in imaging,communications,materials analy⁃sis,and life sciences.Various methods have been developed that can measure the polarization information of a target.However,conventional polarization detection systems are often bulky and complex,limiting their poten⁃tial for broader applications.To address the challenges of miniaturization,integrated polarization detectors have been extensively explored in recent years,achieving significant advancements in performance and functionality.In this review,we focus mainly on integrated polarization detectors with innovative features,including infinitely high polarization discrimination,ultrahigh sensitivity to polarization state change,full Stokes parameters measure⁃ment,and simultaneous perception of polarization and other key properties of light.Lastly,we discuss the oppor⁃tunities and challenges for the future development of integrated polarization photodetectors.展开更多
Outbursts of methane and rocks are, similarly to rock bursts, the biggest hazards in deep mines and are equally difficult to predict. The violent process of the outburst itself, along with the scale and range of hazar...Outbursts of methane and rocks are, similarly to rock bursts, the biggest hazards in deep mines and are equally difficult to predict. The violent process of the outburst itself, along with the scale and range of hazards following the rapid discharge of gas and rocks, requires solutions which would enable quick and unambiguous detection of the hazard, immediate power supply cut-off and evacuation of personnel from potentially hazardous areas. For this purpose, an integrated outburst detector was developed. Assumed functions of the sensor which was equipped with three measuring and detection elements： a chamber for constant measurement of methane concentration, pressure sensor and microphone. Tests of the sensor model were carried out to estimate the parameters which characterize the dynamic properties of the sensor. Given the impossibility of carrying out the full scale experimental outburst, the sensor was tested during the methane and coal dust explosions in the testing gallery at KD Barbara. The obtained results proved that the applied solutions have been appropriate.展开更多
Photon counting detectors(PCDs) have attained w ide use in X-ray imaging for various preclinical and clinical applications in the past decade. This paper briefly review s the preclinical and clinical applications of P...Photon counting detectors(PCDs) have attained w ide use in X-ray imaging for various preclinical and clinical applications in the past decade. This paper briefly review s the preclinical and clinical applications of PCDs based X-ray imaging systems.Starting with an introduction of X-ray single photon detection mechanism,the brief review first describes tw o major advantages of utilizing PCDs: photon energy resolving capability and electronic noise elimination. Compared to energy integrating detectors(EIDs),the aforementioned advantages make PCDs more favorable in X-ray imaging with profound benefits such as enhanced tissue contrast,decreased image noise,increased signal to noise ratio,decreased radiation dose to the small animals and patients,and more accurate material decomposition. The utilizations of PCDs in X-ray projection radiography and computed tomography(CT)including micro-CT,dedicated breast CT,K-edge CT,and clinical CT are then review ed for the imaging applications ranging from phantoms to small animals and humans. In addition,optimization methods aiming to improve the imaging performance using PCDs are briefly review ed. PCDs are not flaw less though,and their limitations are also discussed in this review. Nevertheless,PCDs may continuously contribute to the advancement of X-ray imaging techniques in future preclinical and clinical applications.展开更多
Waveguide-integrated mid-infrared(MIR)photodetectors are pivotal components for the development of molecular spectroscopy applications,leveraging mature photonic integrated circuit(PIC)technologies.Despite various str...Waveguide-integrated mid-infrared(MIR)photodetectors are pivotal components for the development of molecular spectroscopy applications,leveraging mature photonic integrated circuit(PIC)technologies.Despite various strategies,critical challenges still remain in achieving broadband photoresponse,cooling-free operation,and large-scale complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)-compatible manufacturability.To leap beyond these limitations,the bolometric effect–a thermal detection mechanism–is introduced into the waveguide platform.More importantly,we pursue a free-carrier absorption(FCA)process in germanium(Ge)to create an efficient light-absorbing medium,providing a pragmatic solution for full coverage of the MIR spectrum without incorporating exotic materials into CMOS.Here,we present an uncooled waveguide-integrated photodetector based on a Ge-on-insulator(Ge-OI)PIC architecture,which exploits the bolometric effect combined with FCA.Notably,our device exhibits a broadband responsivity of 28.35%/mW across 4030–4360 nm(and potentially beyond),challenging the state of the art,while achieving a noise-equivalent power of 4.03×10^(−7) W/Hz^(0.5) at 4180 nm.We further demonstrate label-free sensing of gaseous carbon dioxide(CO_(2))using our integrated photodetector and sensing waveguide on a single chip.This approach to room-temperature waveguide-integrated MIR photodetection,harnessing bolometry with FCA in Ge,not only facilitates the realization of fully integrated lab-on-a-chip systems with wavelength flexibility but also provides a blueprint for MIR PICs with CMOS-foundry-compatibility.展开更多
In the dairy industry,the quality of raw milk as it is collected from dairy farmers must be strictly ensured.Therefore,when on-site screening of typical carcinogens in raw milk,this technology must simultaneously be c...In the dairy industry,the quality of raw milk as it is collected from dairy farmers must be strictly ensured.Therefore,when on-site screening of typical carcinogens in raw milk,this technology must simultaneously be convenient to operate and highly sensitive.Here,an automated and fluorescent immunoassay system for screening trace amounts of aflatoxin M1(AFM1)in raw milk was developed.The whole immunoassay procedure can be processed in a true“sample-to-results”paradigm,avoiding the tedious manual operation of the traditional indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ic-ELISA)method.In addition,we designed an integrated fluorescent spectrometer that can quantitatively measure fluorescent signals with high sensitivity.The automated and fluorescent immunoassay system can screen AFM1 in raw milk samples with an ultra low limit of detection(4.7 pg/mL in raw milk).The half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))was 8.3 pg/mL,which is approximately 4-fold lower than that of traditional ic-ELISA.When the system was applied to screen actual raw milk samples,the recovery rates ranged from 79.4%to 104.6%,with a coefficient of variation ranging from 8.9%to 15.2%.Overall,we believe that the automated and fluorescent immunoassay system can provide a one-stop solution that is user-friendly and highly sensitive for screening trace AFM1 contaminants in raw milk.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1404602)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0580000)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23B2045,62305362)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(22XD1424400)the Fund of SITP Innovation Foundation(CX-461 and CX-522)Special Project to Seize the Commanding Heights of Science and Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences,subtopic(GJ0090406-6).
文摘The polarization properties of light are widely applied in imaging,communications,materials analy⁃sis,and life sciences.Various methods have been developed that can measure the polarization information of a target.However,conventional polarization detection systems are often bulky and complex,limiting their poten⁃tial for broader applications.To address the challenges of miniaturization,integrated polarization detectors have been extensively explored in recent years,achieving significant advancements in performance and functionality.In this review,we focus mainly on integrated polarization detectors with innovative features,including infinitely high polarization discrimination,ultrahigh sensitivity to polarization state change,full Stokes parameters measure⁃ment,and simultaneous perception of polarization and other key properties of light.Lastly,we discuss the oppor⁃tunities and challenges for the future development of integrated polarization photodetectors.
文摘Outbursts of methane and rocks are, similarly to rock bursts, the biggest hazards in deep mines and are equally difficult to predict. The violent process of the outburst itself, along with the scale and range of hazards following the rapid discharge of gas and rocks, requires solutions which would enable quick and unambiguous detection of the hazard, immediate power supply cut-off and evacuation of personnel from potentially hazardous areas. For this purpose, an integrated outburst detector was developed. Assumed functions of the sensor which was equipped with three measuring and detection elements： a chamber for constant measurement of methane concentration, pressure sensor and microphone. Tests of the sensor model were carried out to estimate the parameters which characterize the dynamic properties of the sensor. Given the impossibility of carrying out the full scale experimental outburst, the sensor was tested during the methane and coal dust explosions in the testing gallery at KD Barbara. The obtained results proved that the applied solutions have been appropriate.
基金supported in part by a grant from the University of Oklahoma Charles and Peggy Stephenson Cancer Center funded by the Oklahoma Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust
文摘Photon counting detectors(PCDs) have attained w ide use in X-ray imaging for various preclinical and clinical applications in the past decade. This paper briefly review s the preclinical and clinical applications of PCDs based X-ray imaging systems.Starting with an introduction of X-ray single photon detection mechanism,the brief review first describes tw o major advantages of utilizing PCDs: photon energy resolving capability and electronic noise elimination. Compared to energy integrating detectors(EIDs),the aforementioned advantages make PCDs more favorable in X-ray imaging with profound benefits such as enhanced tissue contrast,decreased image noise,increased signal to noise ratio,decreased radiation dose to the small animals and patients,and more accurate material decomposition. The utilizations of PCDs in X-ray projection radiography and computed tomography(CT)including micro-CT,dedicated breast CT,K-edge CT,and clinical CT are then review ed for the imaging applications ranging from phantoms to small animals and humans. In addition,optimization methods aiming to improve the imaging performance using PCDs are briefly review ed. PCDs are not flaw less though,and their limitations are also discussed in this review. Nevertheless,PCDs may continuously contribute to the advancement of X-ray imaging techniques in future preclinical and clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(2023R1A2C2002777,RS-2024-00407767)the KIST Institutional Program(2E33052)the BK21 FOUR.
文摘Waveguide-integrated mid-infrared(MIR)photodetectors are pivotal components for the development of molecular spectroscopy applications,leveraging mature photonic integrated circuit(PIC)technologies.Despite various strategies,critical challenges still remain in achieving broadband photoresponse,cooling-free operation,and large-scale complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)-compatible manufacturability.To leap beyond these limitations,the bolometric effect–a thermal detection mechanism–is introduced into the waveguide platform.More importantly,we pursue a free-carrier absorption(FCA)process in germanium(Ge)to create an efficient light-absorbing medium,providing a pragmatic solution for full coverage of the MIR spectrum without incorporating exotic materials into CMOS.Here,we present an uncooled waveguide-integrated photodetector based on a Ge-on-insulator(Ge-OI)PIC architecture,which exploits the bolometric effect combined with FCA.Notably,our device exhibits a broadband responsivity of 28.35%/mW across 4030–4360 nm(and potentially beyond),challenging the state of the art,while achieving a noise-equivalent power of 4.03×10^(−7) W/Hz^(0.5) at 4180 nm.We further demonstrate label-free sensing of gaseous carbon dioxide(CO_(2))using our integrated photodetector and sensing waveguide on a single chip.This approach to room-temperature waveguide-integrated MIR photodetection,harnessing bolometry with FCA in Ge,not only facilitates the realization of fully integrated lab-on-a-chip systems with wavelength flexibility but also provides a blueprint for MIR PICs with CMOS-foundry-compatibility.
基金This project has received funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 31902320The Key R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2021BBF02036).
文摘In the dairy industry,the quality of raw milk as it is collected from dairy farmers must be strictly ensured.Therefore,when on-site screening of typical carcinogens in raw milk,this technology must simultaneously be convenient to operate and highly sensitive.Here,an automated and fluorescent immunoassay system for screening trace amounts of aflatoxin M1(AFM1)in raw milk was developed.The whole immunoassay procedure can be processed in a true“sample-to-results”paradigm,avoiding the tedious manual operation of the traditional indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ic-ELISA)method.In addition,we designed an integrated fluorescent spectrometer that can quantitatively measure fluorescent signals with high sensitivity.The automated and fluorescent immunoassay system can screen AFM1 in raw milk samples with an ultra low limit of detection(4.7 pg/mL in raw milk).The half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))was 8.3 pg/mL,which is approximately 4-fold lower than that of traditional ic-ELISA.When the system was applied to screen actual raw milk samples,the recovery rates ranged from 79.4%to 104.6%,with a coefficient of variation ranging from 8.9%to 15.2%.Overall,we believe that the automated and fluorescent immunoassay system can provide a one-stop solution that is user-friendly and highly sensitive for screening trace AFM1 contaminants in raw milk.
