The optical soliton characteristics of GaSb-based~2μm wavelength integrated optical chips have broad application prospects in optoelectronic fields such as optical communications,infrared countermeasures,and gas envi...The optical soliton characteristics of GaSb-based~2μm wavelength integrated optical chips have broad application prospects in optoelectronic fields such as optical communications,infrared countermeasures,and gas environment monitoring.In the research of two-section integrated optical chips,more attention is paid to their passive mode-locked characteristics.The ability of its structure to generate stable soliton transmission has not yet been studied,which will limit its further application in high-performance near-mid infrared optoelectronic technology.In this paper,we design and prepare a GaSb-based~2μm wave-length two-section integrated semiconductor laser chip structure,and test and analyze its related properties of soliton,includ-ing power−injection current−voltage(P−I−V),temperature and mode-locked characteristics.Experimental results show that the chip can achieve stable mode-locked operation at nearly~2μm wavelength and present the working characteristics of near opti-cal soliton states and multi-peak optical soliton states.By comparing and analyzing the measured optical pulse sequence curve with the numerical fitting based on the pure fourth order soliton approximation solution,it is confirmed that the two-section integrated optical chip structure can generate stable transmission of multi-peak optical soliton.This provides a research direc-tion for developing near-mid infrared mode-locked integrated optical chips with high-performance property of optical soliton.展开更多
A compact structured illumination chip based on integrated optics is proposed and fabricated on a silicon-on- insulator platform. Based on the simulation of Caussian beam interference, we adopt a chirped diffraction g...A compact structured illumination chip based on integrated optics is proposed and fabricated on a silicon-on- insulator platform. Based on the simulation of Caussian beam interference, we adopt a chirped diffraction grating to achieve a specific interference pattern. The experimental results match well with the simulations. The portability and flexibility of the structured illumination chip can be increased greatly through horizontal encapsulation. High levels of integration, compared with the conventional structured illumination approach, make this chip very compact, with a footprint of only around 1 mm2. The chip has no optical lenses and can be easily combined with a microfluidic system. These properties would make the chip very suitable for portable 3D scanner and compact super-resolution microscopy applications.展开更多
An investigation of the properties ofa LiNbO3 photoelastic waveguide via the acceleration-induced effect is presented. A novel three-component hybrid-integrated optical accelerometer based on a Mach-Zehnder interferom...An investigation of the properties ofa LiNbO3 photoelastic waveguide via the acceleration-induced effect is presented. A novel three-component hybrid-integrated optical accelerometer based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a LiNbO3 photoelastic waveguide has been designed, which is capable of detecting seismic acceleration in high-accuracy seismic exploration. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer was successfully fabricated and a lighting test used to check its quality. The frequency response characteristic of the accelerometer was measured2 The accelerometer with a resonant frequency of 3549 Hz was demonstrated to show good linear frequency responding characteristics in the range of 100-3000 Hz. The accelerometer also shows good stability and consistency. Experimental results indicate that the outputs of the on- and cross-axis are 147 and 21.3 mV, respectively.展开更多
By combining a silicon-based lithium niobate modulator and a silicon-based Si3N4resonator with silicon-based photonics technology,a highly systematic design of a hybrid integrated optical gyroscope with enhanced recip...By combining a silicon-based lithium niobate modulator and a silicon-based Si3N4resonator with silicon-based photonics technology,a highly systematic design of a hybrid integrated optical gyroscope with enhanced reciprocity sensitivity and a dual micro-ring structure is proposed for the first time in this paper.The relationship between the device's structural parameters and optical performance is also analyzed by constructing a complete simulation link,which provides a theoretical design reference to improve the system's sensitivity.When the wavelength is 1550 nm,the conversion frequency of the dual-ring optical path is 50 MHz,the coupling coefficient is 0.2,and the radius R is 1000μm,the quality factor of the silicon-based Si_(3)N_(4)resonator is 2.58×10^(5),which is 1.58 times that of the silicon-on-insulator resonator.Moreover,the effective number of times the light travels around the ring before leaving the micro-ring is 5.93,which is 1.62 times that of the silicon-on-insulator resonator.The work fits the gyro dynamic output diagram,and solves the problem of low sensitivity at low speed by setting the phase offset.This results provide a basis for the further optimization of design and chip processing of the integrated optical gyroscope.展开更多
The recent advances on the research and the applications of the integrated optics acousto-optic spectrum analyzer(IOSA) are reviewed. The operating principle, architecture, characteristics and technology, and future d...The recent advances on the research and the applications of the integrated optics acousto-optic spectrum analyzer(IOSA) are reviewed. The operating principle, architecture, characteristics and technology, and future development of the different receivers are described.展开更多
Gyroscopes are crucial components of inertial navigation systems,with ongoing development emphasizing miniaturization and enhanced accuracy.The recent advances in chip-scale optical gyroscopes utilizing integrated opt...Gyroscopes are crucial components of inertial navigation systems,with ongoing development emphasizing miniaturization and enhanced accuracy.The recent advances in chip-scale optical gyroscopes utilizing integrated optics have attracted considerable attention,demonstrating significant advantages in achieving tactical-grade accuracy.In this paper,a new,to our knowledge,integrated optical gyroscope scheme based on the multi-mode co-detection technology is proposed,which takes the high-Q microcavity as its core sensitive element and uses the multi-mode characteristics of the microcavity to achieve the measurement of rotational angular velocity.This detection scheme breaks the tradition of optical gyroscopes based on a single mode within the sensitive ring to detect the angular rotation rate,which not only greatly simplifies the optical and electrical system of the optical gyroscope,but also has a higher detection accuracy.The gyroscope based on this detection scheme has successfully detected the Earth's rotation on a 9.2 mm diameter microcavity with a bias instability as low as 1 deg/h,which is the best performance among the chip-scale integrated optical gyroscopes known to us.展开更多
This study proposes a novel interferometric fiber optic gyroscope(IFOG)based on an integrated optical chip,application-specific integrated circuit,and small-diameter sensing coil.The overall size and weight of the pro...This study proposes a novel interferometric fiber optic gyroscope(IFOG)based on an integrated optical chip,application-specific integrated circuit,and small-diameter sensing coil.The overall size and weight of the prototype are 30 mm × 30 mm ×30 mm and 68 g,respectively,making it the smallest closed-loop IFOG,to the best of our knowledge.A static experiment shows that the bias stability of the integrated IFOG is very close to the theoretical accuracy limit determined by the fiber coil and can satisfy the requirements of near-navigation-grade compact inertial navigation systems.展开更多
We present a near-navigation-grade interferometric fiber optic gyroscope(IFOG)based on an integrated optical chip.The chip comprises a light source,a photodiode,and a 3 dB coupler within an area of 48 mm^(2).By interr...We present a near-navigation-grade interferometric fiber optic gyroscope(IFOG)based on an integrated optical chip.The chip comprises a light source,a photodiode,and a 3 dB coupler within an area of 48 mm^(2).By interrogating with an integrated optical modulator and a small-diameter sensing coil,the IFOG is realized.This allows for a significant reduction in size,weight,power consumption,and cost.Preliminary performance data of a gyro proto type exhibits 0.018 deg/h bias instability.展开更多
Applications of optical switches,such as signal routing and data-intensive computing,are critical in optical interconnects and optical computing.Integrated optical switches enabled by two-dimensional(2D)materials and ...Applications of optical switches,such as signal routing and data-intensive computing,are critical in optical interconnects and optical computing.Integrated optical switches enabled by two-dimensional(2D)materials and beyond,such as graphene and black phosphorus,have demonstrated many advantages in terms of speed and energy consumption compared to their conventional silicon-based counterparts.Here we review the state-of-the-art of optical switches enabled by 2D materials and beyond and organize them into several tables.The performance tables and future projections show the frontiers of optical switches fabricated from 2D materials and beyond,providing researchers with an overview of this field and enabling them to identify existing challenges and predict promising research directions.展开更多
Integrated optical chips have already been established for application in optical communication.They also offer interesting future perspectives for integrated quantum optics on a chip.At present,however,they are mostl...Integrated optical chips have already been established for application in optical communication.They also offer interesting future perspectives for integrated quantum optics on a chip.At present,however,they are mostly fabricated using essentially planar fabrication approaches like electron-beam lithography or UV optical lithography.Many further design options would arise if one had complete fabrication freedom in regard to the third dimension normal to the chip without having to give up the virtues and the know-how of existing planar fabrication technologies.As a step in this direction,we here use three-dimensional dip-in direct-laser-writing optical lithography to fabricate three-dimensional polymeric functional devices on pre-fabricated planar optical chips containing Si3N4 waveguides as well as grating couplers made by standard electron-beam lithography.The first example is a polymeric dielectric rectangular-shaped waveguide which is connected to Si3N4 waveguides and that is adiabatically twisted along its axis to achieve geometrical rotation of linear polarization on the chip.The rotator’s broadband performance at around 1550 nm wavelength is verified by polarization-dependent grating couplers.Such polarization rotation on the optical chip cannot easily be achieved by other means.The second example is a whispering-gallery-mode optical resonator connected to Si_(3)N_(4) waveguides on the chip via polymeric waveguides.By mechanically connecting the latter to the disk,we can control the coupling to the resonator and,at the same time,guarantee mechanical stability of the three-dimensional architecture on the chip.展开更多
Integrated optical gyroscopes(IOGs)have been an efficient tool for numerous applications in various fields,including inertial navigation,flight control,and earthquake monitoring.Here,we review the progress of integrat...Integrated optical gyroscopes(IOGs)have been an efficient tool for numerous applications in various fields,including inertial navigation,flight control,and earthquake monitoring.Here,we review the progress of integrated optical gyroscopes based on two categories of integrated interferometric optical gyroscopes(IIOGs)and integrated resonant optical gyroscopes(IROGs).展开更多
The resonator integrated optic gyros（RIOGs） based on the Sagnac effect have gained extensive attention in navigation and guidance systems due to their predominant advantages： high theoretical accuracy and simple in...The resonator integrated optic gyros（RIOGs） based on the Sagnac effect have gained extensive attention in navigation and guidance systems due to their predominant advantages： high theoretical accuracy and simple integration. However, the problems of losing lock and low lock-in accuracy are the bottlenecks, which restrict the development of digital RIOGs. Therefore, a multilevel laser frequency lock-in technique has been proposed in this Letter to address these problems. The experimental results show that lock-in accuracy can be improved one order higher and without losing lock in a variable temperature environment. Then, a digital miniaturized RIOG prototype（18 cm × 18 cm × 20 cm） has been produced, and long-term（1 h） bias stability of 26.6 deg/h is successfully demonstrated.展开更多
A Lithium niobate （LiNbO3） based integrated optical E-field sensor with an optical waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer （MZI） and a tapered antenna has been designed and fabricated for the measurement of the puls...A Lithium niobate （LiNbO3） based integrated optical E-field sensor with an optical waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer （MZI） and a tapered antenna has been designed and fabricated for the measurement of the pulsed electric field. The minimum detectable E-field of the sensor was 10kV/m. The sensor showed a good linear characteristic while the input E-fields varied from 10kV/m to 370kV/m. Furthermore, the maximum detectable E-field of the sensor, which could be calculated from the sensor input/output characteristic, was approximately equal to 1000kV/m. All these results suggest that such sensor can be used for the measurement of the lighting impulse electric field.展开更多
We demonstrate significantly improved performance of a microwave true time delay line based on an integrated optical frequency comb source. The broadband micro-comb(over 100 nm wide) features a record low free spectra...We demonstrate significantly improved performance of a microwave true time delay line based on an integrated optical frequency comb source. The broadband micro-comb(over 100 nm wide) features a record low free spectral range(FSR) of 49 GHz, resulting in an unprecedented record high channel number(81 over the C band)—the highest number of channels for an integrated comb source used for microwave signal processing. We theoretically analyze the performance of a phased array antenna and show that this large channel count results in a high angular resolution and wide beam-steering tunable range. This demonstrates the feasibility of our approach as a competitive solution toward implementing integrated photonic true time delays in radar and communications systems.展开更多
Fiber Bragg grating （FBG） is a mature sensing technology for the measurement of strain, vibration, acoustics, acceleration, pressure, temperature, moisture, and corrosion. It has gained rapid acceptance in civil, ae...Fiber Bragg grating （FBG） is a mature sensing technology for the measurement of strain, vibration, acoustics, acceleration, pressure, temperature, moisture, and corrosion. It has gained rapid acceptance in civil, aerospace, chemical and petrochemical, medicine, aviation and automotive industries. The most prominent advantages of FBG are： small size and light weight, distributed array of FBG transducers on a single fiber, and immunity to radio frequency interference. However, a major disadvantage of FBG technology is that conventional state-of-the-art FBG interrogation system is typically bulky, heavy, and costly bench top instruments that are typically assembled from off-the-shelf fiber optic and optical components integrated with a signal electronics board into an instrument console. Based on the industrial need for a compact FBG interrogation system, this paper describes recent progress towards the development of miniature fiber Bragg grating sensor interrogator （FBG-TransceiverTM） system based on multi-channel monolithic integrated optic sensor microchip technology. The integrated optic microchip technology enables monolithic integration of all functionalities, both passive and active, of conventional bench top FBG sensor interrogator system, packaged in a miniaturized, low power operation, 2 cmx5 cm small form factor （SFF） package suitable for long-term structural health monitoring in applications where size, weight, and power are critical for operation.展开更多
SOI (silicon-on-insulator) is a new material with a lot of important perform- ances such as large index difference, low transmission loss. Fabrication processes for SOI based optoelectronic devices are compatible with...SOI (silicon-on-insulator) is a new material with a lot of important perform- ances such as large index difference, low transmission loss. Fabrication processes for SOI based optoelectronic devices are compatible with conventional IC processes. Having the potential of OEIC monolithic integration, SOI based optoelectronic devices have shown many good characteristics and become more and more attractive recently. In this paper, the recent progresses of SOI waveguide devices in our research group are presented. By highly effective numerical simulation, the single mode conditions for SOI rib waveguides with rectangular and trapezoidal cross-section were accurately investigated. Using both chemical anisotropic wet etching and plasma dry etching techniques, SOI single mode rib waveguide, MMI coupler, VOA (variable optical attenuator), 2×2 thermal-optical switch were successfully designed and fabricated. Based on these, 4×4 and 8×8 SOI optical waveguide integrated switch matrixes are demonstrated for the first time.展开更多
Optical delay lines（ODLs） are one of the key enabling components in photonic integrated circuits and systems.They are widely used in time-division multiplexing, optical signal synchronization and buffering, microwav...Optical delay lines（ODLs） are one of the key enabling components in photonic integrated circuits and systems.They are widely used in time-division multiplexing, optical signal synchronization and buffering, microwave signal processing, beam forming and steering, etc. The development of integrated photonics pushes forward the miniaturization of ODLs, offering improved performances in terms of stability, tuning speed, and power consumption. The integrated ODLs can be implemented using various structures, such as single or coupled resonators, gratings, photonic crystals, multi-path switchable structures, and recirculating loop structures.The delay tuning in ODLs is enabled by either changing the group refractive index of the waveguide or changing the length of the optical path. This paper reviews the recent development of integrated ODLs with a focus on their abundant applications and flexible implementations. The challenges and potentials of each type of ODLs are pointed out.展开更多
We propose an ultra-simple dual-channel configuration for simultaneously evaluating two branches of a multifunctional integrated optic chip(MFIOC). In the configuration, the MFIOC is employed as a beam splitter to con...We propose an ultra-simple dual-channel configuration for simultaneously evaluating two branches of a multifunctional integrated optic chip(MFIOC). In the configuration, the MFIOC is employed as a beam splitter to construct the demodulation interferometer together with a 2 × 2 fiber coupler. Interference happens between polarization modes traveling through different channels of the MFIOC. The cross-couplings of each channel are respectively characterized by the interference peaks which distribute on opposite sides of the central interference peak. Temperature responses of the MFIOC are experimentally measured from-40°C to 80°C. Results show that the proposed configuration can achieve simultaneous dual-channel transient measurements with resolution of-90 d B and dynamic range of 90 d B. In addition, the two channels of the configuration have consistent measuring performance, and the two branches of the MFIOC have different responses to temperature variation.展开更多
In-fiber integrated optics is an attempt to use silica fiber as a substrate, integrating various optical paths or optical components into a single fiber, to build a functional optical device or component, and to reali...In-fiber integrated optics is an attempt to use silica fiber as a substrate, integrating various optical paths or optical components into a single fiber, to build a functional optical device or component, and to realize a micro optical system, achieving various functions. In-fiber integrated optics is expected to he a new branch of photonics integration. This integration technique enables convenient light beams control and manipulation inside in one fiber. It also provides a research platform with micro and nano scale for interaction between light wave and microfluidic materials. In this review, we briefly summarize the main ideas and key technologies of the in-fiber integrated optics by series integration examples.展开更多
With the development of manufacturing technology,the propagation loss of the planar waveguide is getting lower and lower,and the shot-noise-limited sensitivity of an HOG will be greatly improved.When the propagation l...With the development of manufacturing technology,the propagation loss of the planar waveguide is getting lower and lower,and the shot-noise-limited sensitivity of an HOG will be greatly improved.When the propagation loss is getting lower,improper coupling-out waveguide in the waveguide coil may lead to non-ignorable bending loss and crosstalk because of the small radius of curvature and X-junction.In this paper,different couplingout waveguides have been designed.After calculation and optimization by the beam propagation method,we found the proper coupling-out waveguide having relatively low propagation loss,which can improve the sensitivity of the HOG.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62274048,62464006,62174046)the Ministry of Education,Singapore(Grant No.MOE-T2EP50121-0005)+1 种基金Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(Grant No.ZDYF2025GXJS007)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFF0722400).
文摘The optical soliton characteristics of GaSb-based~2μm wavelength integrated optical chips have broad application prospects in optoelectronic fields such as optical communications,infrared countermeasures,and gas environment monitoring.In the research of two-section integrated optical chips,more attention is paid to their passive mode-locked characteristics.The ability of its structure to generate stable soliton transmission has not yet been studied,which will limit its further application in high-performance near-mid infrared optoelectronic technology.In this paper,we design and prepare a GaSb-based~2μm wave-length two-section integrated semiconductor laser chip structure,and test and analyze its related properties of soliton,includ-ing power−injection current−voltage(P−I−V),temperature and mode-locked characteristics.Experimental results show that the chip can achieve stable mode-locked operation at nearly~2μm wavelength and present the working characteristics of near opti-cal soliton states and multi-peak optical soliton states.By comparing and analyzing the measured optical pulse sequence curve with the numerical fitting based on the pure fourth order soliton approximation solution,it is confirmed that the two-section integrated optical chip structure can generate stable transmission of multi-peak optical soliton.This provides a research direc-tion for developing near-mid infrared mode-locked integrated optical chips with high-performance property of optical soliton.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61334008the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2015AA016904the Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No YZ201301
文摘A compact structured illumination chip based on integrated optics is proposed and fabricated on a silicon-on- insulator platform. Based on the simulation of Caussian beam interference, we adopt a chirped diffraction grating to achieve a specific interference pattern. The experimental results match well with the simulations. The portability and flexibility of the structured illumination chip can be increased greatly through horizontal encapsulation. High levels of integration, compared with the conventional structured illumination approach, make this chip very compact, with a footprint of only around 1 mm2. The chip has no optical lenses and can be easily combined with a microfluidic system. These properties would make the chip very suitable for portable 3D scanner and compact super-resolution microscopy applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40774067)the Applied Basic Research Program of Sichuan Province, China (No. 07JY029-135)
文摘An investigation of the properties ofa LiNbO3 photoelastic waveguide via the acceleration-induced effect is presented. A novel three-component hybrid-integrated optical accelerometer based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a LiNbO3 photoelastic waveguide has been designed, which is capable of detecting seismic acceleration in high-accuracy seismic exploration. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer was successfully fabricated and a lighting test used to check its quality. The frequency response characteristic of the accelerometer was measured2 The accelerometer with a resonant frequency of 3549 Hz was demonstrated to show good linear frequency responding characteristics in the range of 100-3000 Hz. The accelerometer also shows good stability and consistency. Experimental results indicate that the outputs of the on- and cross-axis are 147 and 21.3 mV, respectively.
基金Project supported by the science and technology general project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KM202111232019)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2214058)+4 种基金the Discipline Innovation Program of Higher Education(Grant No.D17021)the Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics(Grant No.IOSKL2020KF22)Beijing Great Wall Scholars Program(Grant No.CIT&TCD20190323)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61875237)Beijing Youth Talent Support Program(Grant No.Z2019042)。
文摘By combining a silicon-based lithium niobate modulator and a silicon-based Si3N4resonator with silicon-based photonics technology,a highly systematic design of a hybrid integrated optical gyroscope with enhanced reciprocity sensitivity and a dual micro-ring structure is proposed for the first time in this paper.The relationship between the device's structural parameters and optical performance is also analyzed by constructing a complete simulation link,which provides a theoretical design reference to improve the system's sensitivity.When the wavelength is 1550 nm,the conversion frequency of the dual-ring optical path is 50 MHz,the coupling coefficient is 0.2,and the radius R is 1000μm,the quality factor of the silicon-based Si_(3)N_(4)resonator is 2.58×10^(5),which is 1.58 times that of the silicon-on-insulator resonator.Moreover,the effective number of times the light travels around the ring before leaving the micro-ring is 5.93,which is 1.62 times that of the silicon-on-insulator resonator.The work fits the gyro dynamic output diagram,and solves the problem of low sensitivity at low speed by setting the phase offset.This results provide a basis for the further optimization of design and chip processing of the integrated optical gyroscope.
文摘The recent advances on the research and the applications of the integrated optics acousto-optic spectrum analyzer(IOSA) are reviewed. The operating principle, architecture, characteristics and technology, and future development of the different receivers are described.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3906402)。
文摘Gyroscopes are crucial components of inertial navigation systems,with ongoing development emphasizing miniaturization and enhanced accuracy.The recent advances in chip-scale optical gyroscopes utilizing integrated optics have attracted considerable attention,demonstrating significant advantages in achieving tactical-grade accuracy.In this paper,a new,to our knowledge,integrated optical gyroscope scheme based on the multi-mode co-detection technology is proposed,which takes the high-Q microcavity as its core sensitive element and uses the multi-mode characteristics of the microcavity to achieve the measurement of rotational angular velocity.This detection scheme breaks the tradition of optical gyroscopes based on a single mode within the sensitive ring to detect the angular rotation rate,which not only greatly simplifies the optical and electrical system of the optical gyroscope,but also has a higher detection accuracy.The gyroscope based on this detection scheme has successfully detected the Earth's rotation on a 9.2 mm diameter microcavity with a bias instability as low as 1 deg/h,which is the best performance among the chip-scale integrated optical gyroscopes known to us.
文摘This study proposes a novel interferometric fiber optic gyroscope(IFOG)based on an integrated optical chip,application-specific integrated circuit,and small-diameter sensing coil.The overall size and weight of the prototype are 30 mm × 30 mm ×30 mm and 68 g,respectively,making it the smallest closed-loop IFOG,to the best of our knowledge.A static experiment shows that the bias stability of the integrated IFOG is very close to the theoretical accuracy limit determined by the fiber coil and can satisfy the requirements of near-navigation-grade compact inertial navigation systems.
文摘We present a near-navigation-grade interferometric fiber optic gyroscope(IFOG)based on an integrated optical chip.The chip comprises a light source,a photodiode,and a 3 dB coupler within an area of 48 mm^(2).By interrogating with an integrated optical modulator and a small-diameter sensing coil,the IFOG is realized.This allows for a significant reduction in size,weight,power consumption,and cost.Preliminary performance data of a gyro proto type exhibits 0.018 deg/h bias instability.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2018YFB2201901)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61805090).
文摘Applications of optical switches,such as signal routing and data-intensive computing,are critical in optical interconnects and optical computing.Integrated optical switches enabled by two-dimensional(2D)materials and beyond,such as graphene and black phosphorus,have demonstrated many advantages in terms of speed and energy consumption compared to their conventional silicon-based counterparts.Here we review the state-of-the-art of optical switches enabled by 2D materials and beyond and organize them into several tables.The performance tables and future projections show the frontiers of optical switches fabricated from 2D materials and beyond,providing researchers with an overview of this field and enabling them to identify existing challenges and predict promising research directions.
基金We acknowledges support by DFG grant PE 1832/1-1 and PE 1832/2-1the Helmholtz Society through grant HIRG-0005.
文摘Integrated optical chips have already been established for application in optical communication.They also offer interesting future perspectives for integrated quantum optics on a chip.At present,however,they are mostly fabricated using essentially planar fabrication approaches like electron-beam lithography or UV optical lithography.Many further design options would arise if one had complete fabrication freedom in regard to the third dimension normal to the chip without having to give up the virtues and the know-how of existing planar fabrication technologies.As a step in this direction,we here use three-dimensional dip-in direct-laser-writing optical lithography to fabricate three-dimensional polymeric functional devices on pre-fabricated planar optical chips containing Si3N4 waveguides as well as grating couplers made by standard electron-beam lithography.The first example is a polymeric dielectric rectangular-shaped waveguide which is connected to Si3N4 waveguides and that is adiabatically twisted along its axis to achieve geometrical rotation of linear polarization on the chip.The rotator’s broadband performance at around 1550 nm wavelength is verified by polarization-dependent grating couplers.Such polarization rotation on the optical chip cannot easily be achieved by other means.The second example is a whispering-gallery-mode optical resonator connected to Si_(3)N_(4) waveguides on the chip via polymeric waveguides.By mechanically connecting the latter to the disk,we can control the coupling to the resonator and,at the same time,guarantee mechanical stability of the three-dimensional architecture on the chip.
文摘Integrated optical gyroscopes(IOGs)have been an efficient tool for numerous applications in various fields,including inertial navigation,flight control,and earthquake monitoring.Here,we review the progress of integrated optical gyroscopes based on two categories of integrated interferometric optical gyroscopes(IIOGs)and integrated resonant optical gyroscopes(IROGs).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51635011,61640601,61571406,and 51727808)the Outstanding Youth Talents Program of Shanxi Province(No.2016002)+1 种基金the Science and Technology on Electronic Test&Measurement Laboratory(No.11010311)the Shanxi "1331 KSC"
文摘The resonator integrated optic gyros（RIOGs） based on the Sagnac effect have gained extensive attention in navigation and guidance systems due to their predominant advantages： high theoretical accuracy and simple integration. However, the problems of losing lock and low lock-in accuracy are the bottlenecks, which restrict the development of digital RIOGs. Therefore, a multilevel laser frequency lock-in technique has been proposed in this Letter to address these problems. The experimental results show that lock-in accuracy can be improved one order higher and without losing lock in a variable temperature environment. Then, a digital miniaturized RIOG prototype（18 cm × 18 cm × 20 cm） has been produced, and long-term（1 h） bias stability of 26.6 deg/h is successfully demonstrated.
文摘A Lithium niobate （LiNbO3） based integrated optical E-field sensor with an optical waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer （MZI） and a tapered antenna has been designed and fabricated for the measurement of the pulsed electric field. The minimum detectable E-field of the sensor was 10kV/m. The sensor showed a good linear characteristic while the input E-fields varied from 10kV/m to 370kV/m. Furthermore, the maximum detectable E-field of the sensor, which could be calculated from the sensor input/output characteristic, was approximately equal to 1000kV/m. All these results suggest that such sensor can be used for the measurement of the lighting impulse electric field.
基金Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery Projects Program(DP150104327)Strategic,Discovery and Acceleration Grants Schemes of Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)+4 种基金MESI PSR-SIIRI Initiative in QuebecCanada Research Chairs ProgramITMO Fellowship and Professorship Program of the Government of the Russian Federation(074-U 01)1000 Talents Sichuan Program in ChinaStrategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(XDB24030000)
文摘We demonstrate significantly improved performance of a microwave true time delay line based on an integrated optical frequency comb source. The broadband micro-comb(over 100 nm wide) features a record low free spectral range(FSR) of 49 GHz, resulting in an unprecedented record high channel number(81 over the C band)—the highest number of channels for an integrated comb source used for microwave signal processing. We theoretically analyze the performance of a phased array antenna and show that this large channel count results in a high angular resolution and wide beam-steering tunable range. This demonstrates the feasibility of our approach as a competitive solution toward implementing integrated photonic true time delays in radar and communications systems.
文摘Fiber Bragg grating （FBG） is a mature sensing technology for the measurement of strain, vibration, acoustics, acceleration, pressure, temperature, moisture, and corrosion. It has gained rapid acceptance in civil, aerospace, chemical and petrochemical, medicine, aviation and automotive industries. The most prominent advantages of FBG are： small size and light weight, distributed array of FBG transducers on a single fiber, and immunity to radio frequency interference. However, a major disadvantage of FBG technology is that conventional state-of-the-art FBG interrogation system is typically bulky, heavy, and costly bench top instruments that are typically assembled from off-the-shelf fiber optic and optical components integrated with a signal electronics board into an instrument console. Based on the industrial need for a compact FBG interrogation system, this paper describes recent progress towards the development of miniature fiber Bragg grating sensor interrogator （FBG-TransceiverTM） system based on multi-channel monolithic integrated optic sensor microchip technology. The integrated optic microchip technology enables monolithic integration of all functionalities, both passive and active, of conventional bench top FBG sensor interrogator system, packaged in a miniaturized, low power operation, 2 cmx5 cm small form factor （SFF） package suitable for long-term structural health monitoring in applications where size, weight, and power are critical for operation.
基金This work was supported by the National“973"Project of China(Grant No,G2000-03-66)the National“863”Project(Grant No.2002AA3 12060)of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.69896260 and 60336010).
文摘SOI (silicon-on-insulator) is a new material with a lot of important perform- ances such as large index difference, low transmission loss. Fabrication processes for SOI based optoelectronic devices are compatible with conventional IC processes. Having the potential of OEIC monolithic integration, SOI based optoelectronic devices have shown many good characteristics and become more and more attractive recently. In this paper, the recent progresses of SOI waveguide devices in our research group are presented. By highly effective numerical simulation, the single mode conditions for SOI rib waveguides with rectangular and trapezoidal cross-section were accurately investigated. Using both chemical anisotropic wet etching and plasma dry etching techniques, SOI single mode rib waveguide, MMI coupler, VOA (variable optical attenuator), 2×2 thermal-optical switch were successfully designed and fabricated. Based on these, 4×4 and 8×8 SOI optical waveguide integrated switch matrixes are demonstrated for the first time.
文摘Optical delay lines（ODLs） are one of the key enabling components in photonic integrated circuits and systems.They are widely used in time-division multiplexing, optical signal synchronization and buffering, microwave signal processing, beam forming and steering, etc. The development of integrated photonics pushes forward the miniaturization of ODLs, offering improved performances in terms of stability, tuning speed, and power consumption. The integrated ODLs can be implemented using various structures, such as single or coupled resonators, gratings, photonic crystals, multi-path switchable structures, and recirculating loop structures.The delay tuning in ODLs is enabled by either changing the group refractive index of the waveguide or changing the length of the optical path. This paper reviews the recent development of integrated ODLs with a focus on their abundant applications and flexible implementations. The challenges and potentials of each type of ODLs are pointed out.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 61227013, 61307104,61422505)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0623)+2 种基金the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project (No. 2013YQ040815)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20122304110022)the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. ZD201205)
文摘We propose an ultra-simple dual-channel configuration for simultaneously evaluating two branches of a multifunctional integrated optic chip(MFIOC). In the configuration, the MFIOC is employed as a beam splitter to construct the demodulation interferometer together with a 2 × 2 fiber coupler. Interference happens between polarization modes traveling through different channels of the MFIOC. The cross-couplings of each channel are respectively characterized by the interference peaks which distribute on opposite sides of the central interference peak. Temperature responses of the MFIOC are experimentally measured from-40°C to 80°C. Results show that the proposed configuration can achieve simultaneous dual-channel transient measurements with resolution of-90 d B and dynamic range of 90 d B. In addition, the two channels of the configuration have consistent measuring performance, and the two branches of the MFIOC have different responses to temperature variation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61535004 and 61735009)the Guangxi Project(No.AD17195074)the National Defense Pre-Research Foundation of China(No.6140414030102)
文摘In-fiber integrated optics is an attempt to use silica fiber as a substrate, integrating various optical paths or optical components into a single fiber, to build a functional optical device or component, and to realize a micro optical system, achieving various functions. In-fiber integrated optics is expected to he a new branch of photonics integration. This integration technique enables convenient light beams control and manipulation inside in one fiber. It also provides a research platform with micro and nano scale for interaction between light wave and microfluidic materials. In this review, we briefly summarize the main ideas and key technologies of the in-fiber integrated optics by series integration examples.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61274066,61504138,61474115)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA02005003)
文摘With the development of manufacturing technology,the propagation loss of the planar waveguide is getting lower and lower,and the shot-noise-limited sensitivity of an HOG will be greatly improved.When the propagation loss is getting lower,improper coupling-out waveguide in the waveguide coil may lead to non-ignorable bending loss and crosstalk because of the small radius of curvature and X-junction.In this paper,different couplingout waveguides have been designed.After calculation and optimization by the beam propagation method,we found the proper coupling-out waveguide having relatively low propagation loss,which can improve the sensitivity of the HOG.
