Deep learning(DL)has become a crucial technique for predicting the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and evaluating its predictability.While various DL-based models have been developed for ENSO predictions,many f...Deep learning(DL)has become a crucial technique for predicting the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and evaluating its predictability.While various DL-based models have been developed for ENSO predictions,many fail to capture the coherent multivariate evolution within the coupled ocean-atmosphere system of the tropical Pacific.To address this three-dimensional(3D)limitation and represent ENSO-related ocean-atmosphere interactions more accurately,a novel this 3D multivariate prediction model was proposed based on a Transformer architecture,which incorporates a spatiotemporal self-attention mechanism.This model,named 3D-Geoformer,offers several advantages,enabling accurate ENSO predictions up to one and a half years in advance.Furthermore,an integrated gradient method was introduced into the model to identify the sources of predictability for sea surface temperature(SST)variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific.Results reveal that the 3D-Geoformer effectively captures ENSO-related precursors during the evolution of ENSO events,particularly the thermocline feedback processes and ocean temperature anomaly pathways on and off the equator.By extending DL-based ENSO predictions from one-dimensional Niño time series to 3D multivariate fields,the 3D-Geoformer represents a significant advancement in ENSO prediction.This study provides details in the model formulation,analysis procedures,sensitivity experiments,and illustrative examples,offering practical guidance for the application of the model in ENSO research.展开更多
Objective: The integrated method was investigated to measure Vm/Km of mouse liver glutathione S-transfer-ase (GST) activity on GSH and 7-Cl-4-nitrobenzofurazozan. Methods: Presetting concentration of one substrate twe...Objective: The integrated method was investigated to measure Vm/Km of mouse liver glutathione S-transfer-ase (GST) activity on GSH and 7-Cl-4-nitrobenzofurazozan. Methods: Presetting concentration of one substrate twenty-fold above the other's and taking maximum product absorbance Am as parameter while Km as constant, Vm/Km was obtained by nonlinear fitting of GST reaction curve to the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation In [Am/(Am -Ai)] + Ai/ ( ξ× Km ) = ( Vm/Km )×ti (1). Results: Vm/Km for GST showed slight dependence on initial substrate concentration and data range, but it was resistant to background absorbance, error in reaction origin and small deviation in presetting Km. Vm/Km was proportional to the amount of GST with upper limit higher than that by initial rate. There was close correlation between Vm/Km and initial rate of the same GST. Consistent results were obtained by this integrated method and classical initial rate method for the measurement of mouse liver GST. Conclusion: With the concentration of one substrate twenty-fold above the other's, this integrated method was reliable to measure the activity of enzyme on two substrates , and substrate concentration of the lower one close to its apparent Km was able to be used.展开更多
This study examines the performance of integration methods for hybrid simulation of large and complex structural systems in the context of structural collapse due to seismic excitations. The target application is not ...This study examines the performance of integration methods for hybrid simulation of large and complex structural systems in the context of structural collapse due to seismic excitations. The target application is not necessarily for real-time testing, but rather for models that involve large-scale physical sub-structures and highly nonlinear numerical models. Four case studies are presented and discussed. In the first case study, the accuracy of integration schemes including two widely used methods, namely, modified version of the implicit Newmark with fixed-number of iteration （iterative） and the operator-splitting （non-iterative） is examined through pure numerical simulations. The second case study presents the results of 10 hybrid simulations repeated with the two aforementioned integration methods considering various time steps and fixed-number of iterations for the iterative integration method. The physical sub-structure in these tests consists of a single-degree-of-freedom （SDOF） cantilever column with replaceable steel coupons that provides repeatable highly- nonlinear behavior including fracture-type strength and stiffness degradations. In case study three, the implicit Newmark with fixed-number of iterations is applied for hybrid simulations of a 1：2 scale steel moment frame that includes a relatively complex nonlinear numerical substructure. Lastly, a more complex numerical substructure is considered by constructing a nonlinear computational model of a moment frame coupled to a hybrid model ofa 1：2 scale steel gravity frame. The last two case studies are conducted on the same porotype structure and the selection of time steps and fixed number of iterations are closely examined in pre-test simulations. The generated unbalance forces is used as an index to track the equilibrium error and predict the accuracy and stability of the simulations.展开更多
Topology and performance are the two main topics dealt in the development of robotic mechanisms.However,it is still a challenge to connect them by integrating the modeling and design process of both parts in a unified...Topology and performance are the two main topics dealt in the development of robotic mechanisms.However,it is still a challenge to connect them by integrating the modeling and design process of both parts in a unified frame.As the properties associated with topology and performance,finite motion and instantaneous motion of the robot play key roles in the procedure.On the purpose of providing a fundamental preparation for integrated modeling and design,this paper carries out a review on the existing unified mathematic frameworks for motion description and computation,involving matrix Lie group and Lie algebra,dual quaternion and pure dual quaternion,finite screw and instantaneous screw.Besides the application in robotics,the review of the work from these mathematicians concentrates on the description,composition and intersection operations of the finite and instantaneous motions,especially on the exponential-differential maps which connect the two sides.Furthermore,an in-depth discussion is worked out by investigating the algebraical relationship among these methods and their further progress in integrated robotic development.The presented review offers insightful investigation to the motion description and computation,and therefore would help designers to choose appropriate mathematical tool in the integrated design and modeling and design of mechanisms and robots.展开更多
The morphing technology of hypersonic vehicle improved the flight performance by changing aerodynamic characteristics with shape deformations,but the design of guidance and control system with morphing laws remained t...The morphing technology of hypersonic vehicle improved the flight performance by changing aerodynamic characteristics with shape deformations,but the design of guidance and control system with morphing laws remained to be explored.An Integrated of Guidance,Control and Morphing(IGCM)method for Hypersonic Morphing Vehicle(HMV)was developed in this paper.The IGCM method contributed to an effective solution of morphing characteristic to improve flight performance and reject the disturbance for guidance and control system caused by the morphing system for HMV in gliding phase.The IGCM models were established based on the motion models and aerodynamic models of the variable span vehicle.Then the IGCM method was designed by adaptive block dynamic surface back-stepping method with stability proof.The parallel controlled simulations’results showed the effectiveness in accomplishing the flight mission of IGCM method in glide phase with smaller terminal errors.The velocity loss of HMV was reduced by 32.8%which inferred less flight time and larger terminal flight velocity than invariable span vehicle.Under the condition of large deviations of aerodynamic parameters and atmospheric density,the robustness of IGCM method with variable span was verified.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to study the solution of the celebrated Whittaker equations by using analytical mechanics methods, including the Lagrange-Noether method, Hamilton-Poisson method and potential integral met...The purpose of this paper is to study the solution of the celebrated Whittaker equations by using analytical mechanics methods, including the Lagrange-Noether method, Hamilton-Poisson method and potential integral method.展开更多
In this study,to develop a benefit-allocation model,in-depth analysis of a distributed photovoltaic-powergeneration carport and energy-storage charging-pile project was performed;the model was developed using Shapley ...In this study,to develop a benefit-allocation model,in-depth analysis of a distributed photovoltaic-powergeneration carport and energy-storage charging-pile project was performed;the model was developed using Shapley integrated-empowerment benefit-distribution method.First,through literature survey and expert interview to identify the risk factors at various stages of the project,a dynamic risk-factor indicator system is developed.Second,to obtain a more meaningful risk-calculation result,the subjective and objective weights are combined,the weights of the risk factors at each stage are determined by the expert scoring method and entropy weight method,and the interest distribution model based on multi-dimensional risk factors is established.Finally,an example is used to verify the rationality of the method for the benefit distribution of the charging-pile project.The results of the example indicate that the limitations of the Shapley method can be reasonably avoided,and the applicability of the model for the benefit distribution of the charging-pile project is verified.展开更多
Numerical properties of the time integration method proposed by the first author of this paper in 2007 are the same as those of the constant average acceleration method （AAM） for linear elastic systems, except that ...Numerical properties of the time integration method proposed by the first author of this paper in 2007 are the same as those of the constant average acceleration method （AAM） for linear elastic systems, except that the capability to capture dynamic loading was not explored. It was found that there were different quadrature equations to predict the next step displacement increment. A modified quadrature equation of this method was derived so that the equation to determine the next step displacement was numerically equivalent to the equation used in the constant AAM. It was verified that the original form of this method, in general, had a better capability to capture dynamic loadings than the constant AAM. This excellent property, in addition to computational efficiency, will help to make this method competitive with general secondorder accurate integration methods.展开更多
This paper introduces two new types of precise integration methods based on Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind for dynamic response analysis of structures, namely the integral formula method （IFM） and the homoge...This paper introduces two new types of precise integration methods based on Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind for dynamic response analysis of structures, namely the integral formula method （IFM） and the homogenized initial system method （HISM）. In both methods, nonlinear variable loadings within time intervals are simulated using Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind before a direct integration is performed. Developed on the basis of the integral formula, the recurrence relationship of the integral computation suggested in this paper is combined with the Crout decomposed method to solve linear algebraic equations. In this way, the IFM based on Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind is constructed. Transforming the non-homogenous initial system to the homogeneous dynamic system, and developing a special scheme without dimensional expansion, the HISM based on Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind is able to avoid the matrix inversion operation. The accuracy of the time integration schemes is examined and compared with other commonly used schemes, and it is shown that a greater accuracy as well as less time consuming can be achieved. Two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of these new methods.展开更多
The paper applied the isogeometric boundary element method(IGABEM)to thermoelastic problems.The Non-Uniform Rational B-splines(NURBS)used to construct geometric models are employed to discretize the boundary integral ...The paper applied the isogeometric boundary element method(IGABEM)to thermoelastic problems.The Non-Uniform Rational B-splines(NURBS)used to construct geometric models are employed to discretize the boundary integral formulation of the governing equation.Due to the existence of thermal stress,the domain integral term appears in the boundary integral equation.We resolve this problem by incorporating radial integration method into IGABEM which converts the domain integral to the boundary integral.In this way,IGABEM can maintain its advantages in dimensionality reduction and more importantly,seamless integration of CAD and numerical analysis based on boundary representation.The algorithm is verified by numerical examples.展开更多
The compact implicit integration factor （cIIF） method is an efficient time discretization scheme for stiff nonlinear diffusion equations in two and three spatial dimensions. In the current work, we apply the cIIF me...The compact implicit integration factor （cIIF） method is an efficient time discretization scheme for stiff nonlinear diffusion equations in two and three spatial dimensions. In the current work, we apply the cIIF method to some complex-valued nonlinear evolutionary equations such as the nonlinear SchrSdinger （NLS） equation and the complex Ginzburg-Landau （GL） equation. Detailed algorithm formulation and practical implementation of cIIF method are performed. The numerical results indicate that this method is very accurate and efficient.展开更多
A comparison of direct integration methods is madeand their efficiency is investigated for impact problems.New-mark,Wilson-θ,Central Difference and Houbolt Methodsare used as direct integration methods.Impact analysi...A comparison of direct integration methods is madeand their efficiency is investigated for impact problems.New-mark,Wilson-θ,Central Difference and Houbolt Methodsare used as direct integration methods.Impact analysisincludes that of elastic and large deformation based uponupdated Lagrangian including buckling check.The resultsshow that the direct integration methods give differentresults in different contact-impact cases.展开更多
High quality software requirement specification is crucial for a software development. Although much efforts and research works have been done to address the problem, the errors in user requirement are still prevent u...High quality software requirement specification is crucial for a software development. Although much efforts and research works have been done to address the problem, the errors in user requirement are still prevent us from developing high quality software. To address the problem, this paper proposes integrating graphical specification technique UML with formal specification technique to construct user requirement specification. We also present a prototype tool to perform the automatic translation from UML specification into Object-Z specification.展开更多
The yttrium iron garnet（YIG） thin films prepared by the sol-gel method and rapid thermal annealing（RTA） process for integrated inductor are investigated. The X-ray diffraction（XRD） results indicate that the YIG ...The yttrium iron garnet（YIG） thin films prepared by the sol-gel method and rapid thermal annealing（RTA） process for integrated inductor are investigated. The X-ray diffraction（XRD） results indicate that the YIG film annealed above 650 ℃ is poly-crystalline with single-phase garnet structure. Moreover, it can be found that the initial permeability μi, saturation magnetization MS and coercivity Hc of these YIG films increase with increasing RTA temperature. Low temperature annealing after crystallization can further improve the magnetic properties of YIG film. Thereby, a planar integrated inductor in the presence of Si substrate/SiO2 layer/Y2.8Bi0.2Fe5O12 thin film/Cu spiral coil structure is fabricated successfully by the standard IC processes. Due to the magnetic enhancement originated from YIG film, the inductance L and quality factor Q of the inductor with YIG film are improved in a certain frequency range.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to propose and study local spline approximation methods for singular product integration,for which;i)the precision degree is the highest possible using splint approximation; ii) the nodes ...The purpose of this paper is to propose and study local spline approximation methods for singular product integration,for which;i)the precision degree is the highest possible using splint approximation; ii) the nodes fan be assumed equal to arbitrary points,where the integrand function f is known; iii) the number of the requested evaluations of f at the nodes is low,iv) a satisfactory convergence theory can be proved.展开更多
The correlation of serum arylesterase(PON1) activity on phenylacetate determined by an integrated method to clas-sical biochemical indexes of liver damage was investigated for the use of PON1 activity to evaluate live...The correlation of serum arylesterase(PON1) activity on phenylacetate determined by an integrated method to clas-sical biochemical indexes of liver damage was investigated for the use of PON1 activity to evaluate liver damage.PON1 reaction curve as absorbance at 270 nm for 0.20 mmol/L phenylacetate hydrolysis was analyzed by the integrated method to determine maximal PON1 reaction rate.Classical biochemical indexes of liver damage were determined routinely.The 95% confidence threshold of PON1 activity in sera from healthy individuals was 2.12 mkat/L [(4.73±1.31) mkat/L,n=105].PON1 activity in clinical sera was closely correlated to serum albumin,total protein and the ratio of albumin to globulins,but was weakly correlated to both direct and total bilirubin in serum.There were no correlations of PON1 activity to γ-glutamyltransferase,alkaline phos-phatase,alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase.Among 127 clinical sera with PON1 activity>2.12 mkat/L,there were 92% healthy individuals examined by albumin,90% healthy individuals examined by total protein,88% healthy individuals examined by total bilirubin,86% healthy individuals examined by direct bilirubin and 64% healthy individuals examined by the ratio of albumin to globulins,respectively.In each group of healthy individuals judged by classical biochemical indexes of close correlation to PON1 activity,percentage of healthy individuals examined by PON1 activity was always >80%.These results suggested PON1 activity on phenylacetate estimated by the integrated method was also suitable for the evaluation of liver damage.展开更多
In this article,the mode superposition method is combined with a time integration method like the trapezoidal rule to improve solution accuracy for linear dynamic systems.In this combination strategy,the essential thi...In this article,the mode superposition method is combined with a time integration method like the trapezoidal rule to improve solution accuracy for linear dynamic systems.In this combination strategy,the essential thing is to decompose a dynamic system into two sub-systems,a small-scale low-frequency system and a high-frequency system.The former can be analytically and efficiently solved with the mode superposition method,and the latter is dealt with through a time integration method such as the Newmark method.The summation of the responses of these two sub-systems is the responses of the original dynamic system.It is concluded that,with little sacrifice of efficiency,the combination method based on the strategy is more accurate than the combined time integration method,but it has the same accuracy order as that of the combined method.Numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.展开更多
Proper matching of forestry machinery is important when raising mechanization levels for forestry production. In the matching process, forestry machinery needs not only expertise, but also improved methods for solving...Proper matching of forestry machinery is important when raising mechanization levels for forestry production. In the matching process, forestry machinery needs not only expertise, but also improved methods for solving problems. I propose combination of case-based reasoning （CBR） and rule-based reasoning （RBR） by calculating the similarity of quantitative parameters of various forestry machines in an analytical and hierarchical process. I calculated the similarity of machin-ery used in forest industries to enable better selection and matching of equipment. I propose a weight-value adjusting method based on sums of squares of deviations in which the individual parameter weights were modified in the process of application. During the process of system design, I put forward a design method knowledge base and generated a dynamic web reasoning framework to integrate the processes of forest industry machinery selection and weight-value adjustment. This enables expansion of the scope of the complete system and enhancement of the reasoning efficiency. I demonstrate the validity and practicability of this method using a practical example.展开更多
The comprehensive transportation project involves with many different transportation methods, such as railway, highway, waterway, airline, and pipeline, which have their special characteristics. To evaluate the transp...The comprehensive transportation project involves with many different transportation methods, such as railway, highway, waterway, airline, and pipeline, which have their special characteristics. To evaluate the transporta- tion project with different transportation methods under the same system, the integrated evaluation method should be built up on the basis of a common index system. This paper suggests a feasible integrated evaluation method including index system establishing, indices transacting, the index weight distributing, and weighted value integrating.展开更多
Infertility is one of the difficult complicated diseases. Many couples suffer from it. The pathogenesis is very complicated. The imbalance or lesson of any link of the reproductive system can cause infertility. This p...Infertility is one of the difficult complicated diseases. Many couples suffer from it. The pathogenesis is very complicated. The imbalance or lesson of any link of the reproductive system can cause infertility. This paper summarizes the treatment of female infertility by integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine (WM) which can not only improve the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate, but also decrease the complications. The effects are better than that by TCM or WM only. Therefore, the coupling method is worth to be used widely in clinical practice.展开更多
基金Supported by the Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202202402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42030410)+2 种基金the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,and Jiangsu Innovation Research Group(No.JSSCTD 202346)supported by the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20240169)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2141062400101)。
文摘Deep learning(DL)has become a crucial technique for predicting the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and evaluating its predictability.While various DL-based models have been developed for ENSO predictions,many fail to capture the coherent multivariate evolution within the coupled ocean-atmosphere system of the tropical Pacific.To address this three-dimensional(3D)limitation and represent ENSO-related ocean-atmosphere interactions more accurately,a novel this 3D multivariate prediction model was proposed based on a Transformer architecture,which incorporates a spatiotemporal self-attention mechanism.This model,named 3D-Geoformer,offers several advantages,enabling accurate ENSO predictions up to one and a half years in advance.Furthermore,an integrated gradient method was introduced into the model to identify the sources of predictability for sea surface temperature(SST)variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific.Results reveal that the 3D-Geoformer effectively captures ENSO-related precursors during the evolution of ENSO events,particularly the thermocline feedback processes and ocean temperature anomaly pathways on and off the equator.By extending DL-based ENSO predictions from one-dimensional Niño time series to 3D multivariate fields,the 3D-Geoformer represents a significant advancement in ENSO prediction.This study provides details in the model formulation,analysis procedures,sensitivity experiments,and illustrative examples,offering practical guidance for the application of the model in ENSO research.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30200266)
文摘Objective: The integrated method was investigated to measure Vm/Km of mouse liver glutathione S-transfer-ase (GST) activity on GSH and 7-Cl-4-nitrobenzofurazozan. Methods: Presetting concentration of one substrate twenty-fold above the other's and taking maximum product absorbance Am as parameter while Km as constant, Vm/Km was obtained by nonlinear fitting of GST reaction curve to the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation In [Am/(Am -Ai)] + Ai/ ( ξ× Km ) = ( Vm/Km )×ti (1). Results: Vm/Km for GST showed slight dependence on initial substrate concentration and data range, but it was resistant to background absorbance, error in reaction origin and small deviation in presetting Km. Vm/Km was proportional to the amount of GST with upper limit higher than that by initial rate. There was close correlation between Vm/Km and initial rate of the same GST. Consistent results were obtained by this integrated method and classical initial rate method for the measurement of mouse liver GST. Conclusion: With the concentration of one substrate twenty-fold above the other's, this integrated method was reliable to measure the activity of enzyme on two substrates , and substrate concentration of the lower one close to its apparent Km was able to be used.
基金National Science Foundation(NSF)under grant No.CMMI-0748111
文摘This study examines the performance of integration methods for hybrid simulation of large and complex structural systems in the context of structural collapse due to seismic excitations. The target application is not necessarily for real-time testing, but rather for models that involve large-scale physical sub-structures and highly nonlinear numerical models. Four case studies are presented and discussed. In the first case study, the accuracy of integration schemes including two widely used methods, namely, modified version of the implicit Newmark with fixed-number of iteration （iterative） and the operator-splitting （non-iterative） is examined through pure numerical simulations. The second case study presents the results of 10 hybrid simulations repeated with the two aforementioned integration methods considering various time steps and fixed-number of iterations for the iterative integration method. The physical sub-structure in these tests consists of a single-degree-of-freedom （SDOF） cantilever column with replaceable steel coupons that provides repeatable highly- nonlinear behavior including fracture-type strength and stiffness degradations. In case study three, the implicit Newmark with fixed-number of iterations is applied for hybrid simulations of a 1：2 scale steel moment frame that includes a relatively complex nonlinear numerical substructure. Lastly, a more complex numerical substructure is considered by constructing a nonlinear computational model of a moment frame coupled to a hybrid model ofa 1：2 scale steel gravity frame. The last two case studies are conducted on the same porotype structure and the selection of time steps and fixed number of iterations are closely examined in pre-test simulations. The generated unbalance forces is used as an index to track the equilibrium error and predict the accuracy and stability of the simulations.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB1307800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51875391,51675366)Tianjin Science and Technology Planning Project(Grant Nos.18YFS DZC00010,18YFZCSF00590).
文摘Topology and performance are the two main topics dealt in the development of robotic mechanisms.However,it is still a challenge to connect them by integrating the modeling and design process of both parts in a unified frame.As the properties associated with topology and performance,finite motion and instantaneous motion of the robot play key roles in the procedure.On the purpose of providing a fundamental preparation for integrated modeling and design,this paper carries out a review on the existing unified mathematic frameworks for motion description and computation,involving matrix Lie group and Lie algebra,dual quaternion and pure dual quaternion,finite screw and instantaneous screw.Besides the application in robotics,the review of the work from these mathematicians concentrates on the description,composition and intersection operations of the finite and instantaneous motions,especially on the exponential-differential maps which connect the two sides.Furthermore,an in-depth discussion is worked out by investigating the algebraical relationship among these methods and their further progress in integrated robotic development.The presented review offers insightful investigation to the motion description and computation,and therefore would help designers to choose appropriate mathematical tool in the integrated design and modeling and design of mechanisms and robots.
文摘The morphing technology of hypersonic vehicle improved the flight performance by changing aerodynamic characteristics with shape deformations,but the design of guidance and control system with morphing laws remained to be explored.An Integrated of Guidance,Control and Morphing(IGCM)method for Hypersonic Morphing Vehicle(HMV)was developed in this paper.The IGCM method contributed to an effective solution of morphing characteristic to improve flight performance and reject the disturbance for guidance and control system caused by the morphing system for HMV in gliding phase.The IGCM models were established based on the motion models and aerodynamic models of the variable span vehicle.Then the IGCM method was designed by adaptive block dynamic surface back-stepping method with stability proof.The parallel controlled simulations’results showed the effectiveness in accomplishing the flight mission of IGCM method in glide phase with smaller terminal errors.The velocity loss of HMV was reduced by 32.8%which inferred less flight time and larger terminal flight velocity than invariable span vehicle.Under the condition of large deviations of aerodynamic parameters and atmospheric density,the robustness of IGCM method with variable span was verified.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation （Grant No 10572021） and the Doctoral Program Foundation of Institution of Higher Education of China （Grant No 20040007022）.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to study the solution of the celebrated Whittaker equations by using analytical mechanics methods, including the Lagrange-Noether method, Hamilton-Poisson method and potential integral method.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Foundation of SGCC Research and development of key models for decision support of energy internet companies(NO.SGSDJY00GPJS1900057).
文摘In this study,to develop a benefit-allocation model,in-depth analysis of a distributed photovoltaic-powergeneration carport and energy-storage charging-pile project was performed;the model was developed using Shapley integrated-empowerment benefit-distribution method.First,through literature survey and expert interview to identify the risk factors at various stages of the project,a dynamic risk-factor indicator system is developed.Second,to obtain a more meaningful risk-calculation result,the subjective and objective weights are combined,the weights of the risk factors at each stage are determined by the expert scoring method and entropy weight method,and the interest distribution model based on multi-dimensional risk factors is established.Finally,an example is used to verify the rationality of the method for the benefit distribution of the charging-pile project.The results of the example indicate that the limitations of the Shapley method can be reasonably avoided,and the applicability of the model for the benefit distribution of the charging-pile project is verified.
基金Science Council (NSC),Chinese Taipei Under Grant No.NSC-96-2221-E-027-030
文摘Numerical properties of the time integration method proposed by the first author of this paper in 2007 are the same as those of the constant average acceleration method （AAM） for linear elastic systems, except that the capability to capture dynamic loading was not explored. It was found that there were different quadrature equations to predict the next step displacement increment. A modified quadrature equation of this method was derived so that the equation to determine the next step displacement was numerically equivalent to the equation used in the constant AAM. It was verified that the original form of this method, in general, had a better capability to capture dynamic loadings than the constant AAM. This excellent property, in addition to computational efficiency, will help to make this method competitive with general secondorder accurate integration methods.
基金Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Under Grant No.02JJY2085
文摘This paper introduces two new types of precise integration methods based on Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind for dynamic response analysis of structures, namely the integral formula method （IFM） and the homogenized initial system method （HISM）. In both methods, nonlinear variable loadings within time intervals are simulated using Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind before a direct integration is performed. Developed on the basis of the integral formula, the recurrence relationship of the integral computation suggested in this paper is combined with the Crout decomposed method to solve linear algebraic equations. In this way, the IFM based on Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind is constructed. Transforming the non-homogenous initial system to the homogeneous dynamic system, and developing a special scheme without dimensional expansion, the HISM based on Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind is able to avoid the matrix inversion operation. The accuracy of the time integration schemes is examined and compared with other commonly used schemes, and it is shown that a greater accuracy as well as less time consuming can be achieved. Two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of these new methods.
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.11702238,51904202 and 11902212)and Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of XYNU.
文摘The paper applied the isogeometric boundary element method(IGABEM)to thermoelastic problems.The Non-Uniform Rational B-splines(NURBS)used to construct geometric models are employed to discretize the boundary integral formulation of the governing equation.Due to the existence of thermal stress,the domain integral term appears in the boundary integral equation.We resolve this problem by incorporating radial integration method into IGABEM which converts the domain integral to the boundary integral.In this way,IGABEM can maintain its advantages in dimensionality reduction and more importantly,seamless integration of CAD and numerical analysis based on boundary representation.The algorithm is verified by numerical examples.
文摘The compact implicit integration factor （cIIF） method is an efficient time discretization scheme for stiff nonlinear diffusion equations in two and three spatial dimensions. In the current work, we apply the cIIF method to some complex-valued nonlinear evolutionary equations such as the nonlinear SchrSdinger （NLS） equation and the complex Ginzburg-Landau （GL） equation. Detailed algorithm formulation and practical implementation of cIIF method are performed. The numerical results indicate that this method is very accurate and efficient.
文摘A comparison of direct integration methods is madeand their efficiency is investigated for impact problems.New-mark,Wilson-θ,Central Difference and Houbolt Methodsare used as direct integration methods.Impact analysisincludes that of elastic and large deformation based uponupdated Lagrangian including buckling check.The resultsshow that the direct integration methods give differentresults in different contact-impact cases.
文摘High quality software requirement specification is crucial for a software development. Although much efforts and research works have been done to address the problem, the errors in user requirement are still prevent us from developing high quality software. To address the problem, this paper proposes integrating graphical specification technique UML with formal specification technique to construct user requirement specification. We also present a prototype tool to perform the automatic translation from UML specification into Object-Z specification.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11174226)
文摘The yttrium iron garnet（YIG） thin films prepared by the sol-gel method and rapid thermal annealing（RTA） process for integrated inductor are investigated. The X-ray diffraction（XRD） results indicate that the YIG film annealed above 650 ℃ is poly-crystalline with single-phase garnet structure. Moreover, it can be found that the initial permeability μi, saturation magnetization MS and coercivity Hc of these YIG films increase with increasing RTA temperature. Low temperature annealing after crystallization can further improve the magnetic properties of YIG film. Thereby, a planar integrated inductor in the presence of Si substrate/SiO2 layer/Y2.8Bi0.2Fe5O12 thin film/Cu spiral coil structure is fabricated successfully by the standard IC processes. Due to the magnetic enhancement originated from YIG film, the inductance L and quality factor Q of the inductor with YIG film are improved in a certain frequency range.
基金Work sponsored by"Ministero dell' University"CNR of Italy
文摘The purpose of this paper is to propose and study local spline approximation methods for singular product integration,for which;i)the precision degree is the highest possible using splint approximation; ii) the nodes fan be assumed equal to arbitrary points,where the integrand function f is known; iii) the number of the requested evaluations of f at the nodes is low,iv) a satisfactory convergence theory can be proved.
基金Project (No. 30200266) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The correlation of serum arylesterase(PON1) activity on phenylacetate determined by an integrated method to clas-sical biochemical indexes of liver damage was investigated for the use of PON1 activity to evaluate liver damage.PON1 reaction curve as absorbance at 270 nm for 0.20 mmol/L phenylacetate hydrolysis was analyzed by the integrated method to determine maximal PON1 reaction rate.Classical biochemical indexes of liver damage were determined routinely.The 95% confidence threshold of PON1 activity in sera from healthy individuals was 2.12 mkat/L [(4.73±1.31) mkat/L,n=105].PON1 activity in clinical sera was closely correlated to serum albumin,total protein and the ratio of albumin to globulins,but was weakly correlated to both direct and total bilirubin in serum.There were no correlations of PON1 activity to γ-glutamyltransferase,alkaline phos-phatase,alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase.Among 127 clinical sera with PON1 activity>2.12 mkat/L,there were 92% healthy individuals examined by albumin,90% healthy individuals examined by total protein,88% healthy individuals examined by total bilirubin,86% healthy individuals examined by direct bilirubin and 64% healthy individuals examined by the ratio of albumin to globulins,respectively.In each group of healthy individuals judged by classical biochemical indexes of close correlation to PON1 activity,percentage of healthy individuals examined by PON1 activity was always >80%.These results suggested PON1 activity on phenylacetate estimated by the integrated method was also suitable for the evaluation of liver damage.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11872090 and 12172023).
文摘In this article,the mode superposition method is combined with a time integration method like the trapezoidal rule to improve solution accuracy for linear dynamic systems.In this combination strategy,the essential thing is to decompose a dynamic system into two sub-systems,a small-scale low-frequency system and a high-frequency system.The former can be analytically and efficiently solved with the mode superposition method,and the latter is dealt with through a time integration method such as the Newmark method.The summation of the responses of these two sub-systems is the responses of the original dynamic system.It is concluded that,with little sacrifice of efficiency,the combination method based on the strategy is more accurate than the combined time integration method,but it has the same accuracy order as that of the combined method.Numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Nos.DL12EB01-03the planning subject of "the Twelfth Five-Year-Plan" in National Science and Technology Nos.2012AA102003-2Heilongjiang Natural Science Fund in China Nos.F201116
文摘Proper matching of forestry machinery is important when raising mechanization levels for forestry production. In the matching process, forestry machinery needs not only expertise, but also improved methods for solving problems. I propose combination of case-based reasoning （CBR） and rule-based reasoning （RBR） by calculating the similarity of quantitative parameters of various forestry machines in an analytical and hierarchical process. I calculated the similarity of machin-ery used in forest industries to enable better selection and matching of equipment. I propose a weight-value adjusting method based on sums of squares of deviations in which the individual parameter weights were modified in the process of application. During the process of system design, I put forward a design method knowledge base and generated a dynamic web reasoning framework to integrate the processes of forest industry machinery selection and weight-value adjustment. This enables expansion of the scope of the complete system and enhancement of the reasoning efficiency. I demonstrate the validity and practicability of this method using a practical example.
文摘The comprehensive transportation project involves with many different transportation methods, such as railway, highway, waterway, airline, and pipeline, which have their special characteristics. To evaluate the transporta- tion project with different transportation methods under the same system, the integrated evaluation method should be built up on the basis of a common index system. This paper suggests a feasible integrated evaluation method including index system establishing, indices transacting, the index weight distributing, and weighted value integrating.
文摘Infertility is one of the difficult complicated diseases. Many couples suffer from it. The pathogenesis is very complicated. The imbalance or lesson of any link of the reproductive system can cause infertility. This paper summarizes the treatment of female infertility by integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine (WM) which can not only improve the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate, but also decrease the complications. The effects are better than that by TCM or WM only. Therefore, the coupling method is worth to be used widely in clinical practice.
